Iw neg rode womatt i Be ne webct jotneds - edges yp od joe Ken 540? ted acterloe ee vertices and edges ce) Ber 8h a fahke nbArewple reek ab Nerlices there tie Sentke non - empl getot edges: ae * 4 the nodes | Peek 3. Nrevitee 8 Ove nothin bo yer tice Sj 4 | fm the qverh py wert “ove joka ed by edges. rAgoeny ; io Se Ge faney Ree ea Ny ate gery Types of Graphs : pide Sa sfeally Graph ave 2 types (Oyelseacer) soph < Celtectten 8 er ® ondwected graph. ; “eyes 4 : Tn whected graph the dtreatfa pis) are: shorn ov edges ud @ scanned with OKEN Scanner3) ¥ vio} jhe olde = ey . ’ . 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King on Jhevesult , ther | peteling 4° P ; opp ly J joacke fyeckin yrevtex oper wrendelete the O° pen nen Afrally glack*S empty: sited gn | @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAs IE. SonTING ae a—s —o—orrnr— De bihtlfons — The gol the (et of elements t sea echtawe by which we expect obe arranged agwe expects bol the awengm ent of the sorting ovder °8 noth element % Som & Speckhic manney* % vtec gort f= thm brat uges the deiPde fog algo? + tn ths me BIRT] ern l= | Poker govt *S Sart and conavr® Strategy thod dv?e%on 18 yy Cor reed oot AynarnPeatl alge thm Pov ast Sort? afutce gort Clow gn) t zh Clooz Regh) then Ke= portion (0/100 negn) 5 atwrek Sort Clow 0) alutac Sort CKH! arign) ®, y J 2 Sorting SY Par bt ehfortieg 1 p\gektinms— PastPtfon Co, toon ) Plot = a (lon)’, Qo = 10%) ub = neyh > esrPie (te zoubddo wrtle Ca tae) ~ = pivot) t @ scanned with OKEN Scanner8 eG jaye 2b . ‘ ea ca Cus) S = pivot) wo! Bue Ia sheapene) ther gunn}? (10 HANDS s alrowy= of eas), a fubl = prot? Sector vo, Pi % Example conser ane lPet | 82) bos SxS 42 of ungorted element $O8 6% 14,42, 8, 28) her & low eo witl congedex pivot =o Ttow) & © vence 62 °8 o prot ele enent* on a a e ‘— , prot A a @ scanned with OKEN ScannerQr_| 60 | Bo. [tz id ee ee {os wl sl] $2[62 6 [ao[ 2] a | ie <2 ene | subitst4 Sob1P8b2* er bo ag prot for gob\'sta and | ace prot at prope” posPlons | pol mean all the elements that should be left etde/ and all the | ater phan PROS ove ot vight ‘| nlaw we wFll consi ssepeat conove Step & to pl prope® pos? Hon of ane less ERED Prot element $ trek are gre’ ghie of pruok rence weget > | yee: ELETEEP Sy 2 ® SLSR! ol est | SobVSt4 eee plow, from gublist AL Element 42 become 8 pivot glement ond we Utht Bort Soblis tay Pael Deak ZB Cae e Shee | } . gunners now we well congdder gokitgt 2 TA the [gt agetn gr becomes a pivot eementowe Pll | } 4 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerL the eroceduee OF parti Yo) on Sy Uli it aan mepe’ ae -— 1 ip 4 + 8 [32 [5s (Sales [e ae | yi at el ieee! ee aye at PLS proper posre® o ot thos Be PS placed we get eorted tet Yeapsort’s — i Heap sort 78 Botte 4 metho d< 2 etuoork $ Pn nsteqes™ — Prat con gtxoct a heapter 2geavered by Sud wrdivan & 4) eapcon gfsoctfon * qeen nombers* 2 weletfon of agen keys delete woot Key always - for (9-1) mes bo semarrrr G reap + pence wel) get the element $ PO decree sin onder to a onay mn plementalfon of heaps delete the zlemeat ped gtemend In Liom hea? ond pot the dele en ane best postifon 8a porary + thes after acti al the element$ one hd ones THE Colleck nr these deleted element$.in anariay Sto @ scanned with OKEN Scannerfrom lagt ondex of array we wil qet a ho haat @lements fa aaseen dfog ode’ Wapeeen? ace Heap cong yuelfn petetfon of maximum key: tek vs underston d thPS Lechriave with the help of example * ex tort the follow 4 elements vefng 15, 20s 3.4430 ° a Mou Property ¢— parent node #8 akoays greate ror gatval to the cH¥Id node" heap gor t+ Heae congbroctPon3 = skepay— wnsert 1S 15) emgert the element 2° | @) Crhicay fst we will 1asext lett Held ) steprs— Now Check the roxnopety +The not gatig fe3 the maxmurn property * then soap the elero ent ’ 15% iQ <2 Ds eer ORR Teme mnfjroperty ? ng gards fed ro need nob be Ca @ scanned with OKEN ScannerIder tne aozisci-e) child node PS grectet than porent node: $0 8.aeP-tne elements a ® ® @..® Saserted “But 2058 Sep 6¢- All 5- Zlement& axe greater than r0- 3° Boal? 8 aod 20 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerDeleifo of morro key" So is Delete voot nade So last Will be Placed %5 4s ® “ Sine pe ee Coeleted node wil be ptaced at last] @ nlow chee the most roperty T20°8 qreates than é gwop the elements: P Focus eleprs— oelele the toot nade 26 and fngert the fast node 40 the root node> @ scanned with OKEN Scannera % ii ia < Rprpe ty is not galig fied u04p 1s and 7 $4 all Glee es ¢, ERE |step6t— 1S) | oeleke root 0: | Po tay peers = gap the Elemente qand + 2) 6 2s oe q sod nse deis-end casert last node + ae the iret oe “aEexternal gortfags — external sorting hondles © 9, th?g data may be 4° brg °, Cornporeng device for sorting : { | memory Cusvally type or OT) a hy bifd ~ Sort massive amount of data, to fit &n RAM of the °, 86 dala wostde OY Slower externa Q externa | Sorting dyprealty oses rr phage »chonns ot data 8mall enogh 0 x Si ape cea ard ead > sorted ord wllten on otf temparary) fle? 3 xn the merge phase the gorted Subffles are combtned Sato stgie large ffle- External Sorting 3 external meig & Bort algor?thms arigorttnens— mevgsort CibtUEd/> mege Sort cad, mPd)5, mexge¢ Sort ca-mid+lubs, merge Cate. mid 2b) merge CA) Ab nod U8) Pelb3 banka’, hades, wile (?z=mPd darje-ub) é We Cane ixy =al*d Paes, e else t @ scanned with OKEN Scanneremma ty | eed =o) ' suo § ze 4 y exge sorts owwratag ¥ Wmerg*ng of the! gorted BSE owte and conalueY method - ven Wet eno gobi'8 ’ ge goPlhst 4o ge kone com plete Be ter - We Can \Pet dee = haven! tel MEM ween GE yews Gc gach [gbBe Nr msCo8) ] | mstor) mecs, BV, merg s (ond, ) L ) megetov'd a mac5%) MSCVB) merge Co 678) m8OV mse Bemba |.) merge 65/518) Np , ) met vy ™5(B.8) | ™meviehig) ms CU) Bt”) msc gio) m3 (33) merge (33,4) | merge } \ eto) msc) €0.0,\) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner