Search Trees Search Trees: Binary Search Trees, Definition, Implementation, Operations — Searching, Insertion and Deletion, B-Trees, B*-Trees, AVL Trees, Definition, Height of an AVL Tree, Operations — Insertion, Deletion and Searching, Red-Black, Splay Trees. Definition of Binary Search Tree Traversal Operations of a Binary Search Tree Various Operations Performed on Binary Search Tree Concept of B-trees and 8°-trees AVL Tree and its Height Various Rotations on AVL Tree Various Operations Performed on AVL Tree Red-Black Tree and its Operations SSN 8 8 GH OS OS Sploy Tree and its Pros and Cons A tree Is defined as a non-empty finite set of labeled nodes such that there Is only one node ° called the root of the tree and remaining nodes are partitioned into sub trees. If the tree Is either empty or each of its nodes has not more than two sub trees, it is called a binary tree. Hence, each node in a binary tree has either no children oF one left child or one right child or left and @ right child. Height of a tree is defined as the maximum number of nodes along the path from the root to a leaf node. However, B-Tree of order m Is said to be m-way search tree. Whereas, B*-tree refers to multilevel index, but its structure is very much different to multilevel index sequential file. AVL trees were introduced by Adelson-Velski and Landis (hence the acronym AVL). An AVL tree. Is a binary tree that is balanced in accordance to the height of the sub tree. In the worst-case, the height of an AVL tree is O(log n), where ‘n’ is the number of nodes in a tree. The various operations performed on AVL tree are insertion, deletion and searching. However, a splay tree can be defined as a self balancing tree with an extra unusual property using which recently accessed elements can be accessed quickly. SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTSCo 3.1. BINARY SEARCH TREES, 3.4.4 Definition, Implementation ofly about binary search LUNIT-3: Search Trees and tts holght. or the related sorting Define Binary searchtree. maz. oum | Weiner net | (Refer ORLY TIE! NAY SHOPERTREE) oR Explain brlotly about binary search trees. restored in tack sing inofer ee travers operation ae If: Node; ® Lefsubtree; Right subtree ‘The node values ofthe let subse of ere ess than the vale of the right sub-sceof are ater than the Va of 3. The left substes and sight subse of binary ‘scar use is again a binary search wc, ‘The flowing ig Step 3 step 4: Figura Binary Seach Ti, Ode i main Tre tere overal search tee are as follows, = ‘Keen ed ys ARTE faca LEGAL reed SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS600 “The order which the nodes inthe binary search tree are stored in stack using postorder tre traversal WARNE: KereiPbtovopyng ole Dok eo DATA STRUCTURES [UNTU-HYDERABAD, Ga. How many binary trees are possibto win four nodes? Answer “There ae 14 diferent binary tees a¥e pos with four nodes. They area follows ALE AS o ay a2) tne en, he serch operat perme ‘CRIMINAL oc ayo fved guilty le ABLE ta face LEGAL procendine® Fue ete ure node which nt be sere sa brew tap ose esr an ot se ere erching oes peamedon eh “The target node is compared withthe part ode igh saben when it found tbe gree tan trp Seon Therefore, caching operations performed on (feraboc of at ode: The clement 25 found eh Meidorneh autre, so the positon of that node (i Byisreured. Ifthe target clement isnot found in the binary seach ire, then NULL vale is tured ‘re Search Techniques ‘Searching process cane performed on Subtrees sata bicary search tee by employing he following wee | G5. How elements are inseriad in a binary search tree? Explain. Answer: Insertion . Iasetion begins as 2 search would begin, if the root is ck eql the vale, den, search the eto right sultres. Evenly, when an extemal rode is reached then the vale added vale as is right or left child, depending on the node's vale. Ln ober words, iialy arm the ot and recursively insert the new node to the left subsree tft new vale is ee han oF equal tothe rotor the Fight ‘Example: Consider the below binary search wee 8, a an aN é ge ee me eee ®70 DATA STRUCTURES [JNTU-HYDERABAD, Aer insertion of another lement 15th Binary scarch tee inser st(reePoine int hey ele) Ihe nade 23 sto be deleted, then the oftaget ode (22)isasignedas the right chil rode (21) After deleting 23, the binary searc imp = modifiedSeare a, key_ele): he tmp > ightChitd = pir cle *n= pi G6. Explain with an example how to deleto an lement from a binary search tree. ‘The deletion operation is performed on binary by considering the following thre cases, Node With ne.Children 1B anode with no children is easy oe Node with no Cidron let the operation is performed easily by just deleting the node 29 fom the tee. After the deletion of 29, the ce is Replace the target node with on of these two clemenis Otherwise replace it with either left node (43) or Fh coos: iter left node (45) of ng WARNE: XroxPhotecopring fis ook «CRNA ct Anyone oa pay ABLE cw TEUALPOCUOUOO fac LEOAL proceed UNIT:3: Search Trees “Afler replacement the Wee is @Q Se) Q @ ® ® gure: BST After Delting the Mode with Twa Chiron “Cate 4: Deletion of Root Node Consider the following BST with nine nodes, “ ©) ) jo) @ Oe © ©) © Figure: BST with 8 Wades In this BST, if the user want to remove the root ode (He 40) then it has to be replaced with ether Select the left subtrees largest following BST is obtained as shown parent the smallest node (i, 48) will search wees called small and bg and as wel as from mid pit ‘Those arethe key beingusedto create new binaryomnes irony | | i ‘operations of Binary Search Tree (BST). | prnt("The height of the tweak cease Sexi) breaks ‘reader Siesecion |} ‘id resect node te) Crete funtion {tre = NULL) struc nade insert node “re, nt value) t : | Foe of poder) + of nade mode pt, toot ptr ts of eee Pant cena rade *delete_woestret noe ce) ‘NULL; porgt = NULL; fueel“NULL) root puNULL; ode porte; while(node_ptt=NULL) t toot pirnode_ pr, ‘ijvalvecnode_ptrdata) ‘oid disply(siruct node tree) Display uncon i ice * NULL) (al tee data); display ree rg) largest(ee): "The Largest clement i: 4d \n", p->data); break; | net node *smalles(struct node *tree) : ‘ (ue = NULL) | (aee->18 — NULL) ‘elu ee; cle print htThe total number of nodes are: d\n no_of oI as et] im matesgee ‘WARBING:HaruPhtacpyiog of hiss CRIMINA Rayne fond pay ARE Tas UEGAL prose ENGINEERING STUDENTS, SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNALDATA STRUCTURES [JNTU-HYDERABAD) led as 2} ee 1h 1 ARLE O(ogn) in bath average and worst 2 chikdren. The r001 node ba that are im the let substee ofthe kes A316 the keys that are inthe igh ul I pode then an overlow occurs ina node. So im veto Hs paren! node. I the pasa de te vor nes fe re median value a ‘Wana: KeroiPorocpring oa Book ina CRIMINAL act Anyone Tun ay UNBIE a Taco TAT procndon® “Let be the numberof “The upper bound on lsert 65 Anse 69 oe {HONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING SfoaT sr ‘STUDENTS:76 Invert 96 x Insert 99 DATA STRUCTURES [JNTU-HYDERABAD) “Thshasdeletedan clement froma leaf node, ang itis now equivalent to the previous situation. Example ‘umit-3: Search Trees Doss iley sb Bw A, oma basen Sar waa : ‘Mode! Papers, Q7(a) eine ste pee ae eng ewig pope Also te oe flor eae nga MEO sare index onthe lea nodes. nthe structure of nonleal poimiersDATA STRUCTURES [JNTU-HYDERABAD) hich , pints te Bess than the search keys inthe subrecto which P, pints have valves greater than oF equ points have values, greater than or equal 0, 3: Search Trees UNIT: ee z res more number of wee nodes Tand nonicaTnodesina Drive | 3 | Thesrocturc of af and nonleaf nodes in ‘may be Tess than that of 4 | The depth ofa Bree may Be greater than a Deee 5. Ton ofwnodetrirom aires) 5. | The insertion deletion of «node to/fom a i tee is simple ©] The database system implementations generally vse] ree data seucture algorithm for Brees sas Follows, vot noe {snot leat node) do begin ber of tre pointers in node mk, represents earch eld vale im nde m #/ 1m, represent i re pointer in node m */ ‘seateh node for a entry i such that mK, ,< Kemi; m:= mP, ends ead end ‘Search block m for entry (k,. with K= then ead data file block with address Pr, and retrieve a record Kis mot in the data fle; le, the search forthe hey element 35 is boing cated out in the B™tree of order 3. The [aaR Yorn Photacoping ts Book GRA GET Tayo oc RSLS ‘WARNING: XerexiPetocepyog oft book i «CRIMINAL ext. Anyone Toad allyl UNBLE w ace LEGAL proceeding in Bete Tnering a recordin 8c nally assumes that contains only ot node ent sloth nimcrementey te tee is iporant io nte at vey earch ey vale dis as recor Homeves some vache lor Medes, Anche oil 10 bene sever seach ky sae tontvae “To insert a record, ie, if leaf node is fll with 2, placed inthe original node and the Ie ofthe exons toyed the new eos Inthe ron eal eof te ae the seach ae inser ion BRS power ene new ede ccd and inserted nthe pre rove “The insertion algorithm im «= r00t node Pe read seeS= 17 S represents stack */ ile (ms not a leaf node) do begin Push address of node {e mumber of tree po wksmk, then m= m.P, eke if K> mK, , then m= mP, lee begin search node m for record such that mK, = K $m m=m?, end; * sat JE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTSDATA STRUCTURES [JNTU-HYDERAGap, rh ore lation wher the hey caged cc Te octon isfound © od odes Land, oe : Se. insert key ‘ale Gin leaf node (ao Inserting Key Va Go cmH] }— Search forthe location where the key i expected to occu. Te location is found the mode into two laf nodes L, ad AIGA, An, ec 4 ue fem |} for or[}—{arm | ; ‘The right most value ofL, must be moved 1B, but B, is fll, So split the node into two nodes B and B, Sor: an 001 a new empty internal node, root = <1, K, new >; Anished < tv; end; ws cas Het ee) foe} fot eas a nen ace insoem; | sodvanly roean tte d = a art ee eee a aa hb - L ast : sent neg +e] | - {on | } ‘new empty intemal node; ach leaf wode is half fl.DATA STRUCTURES LUNTU-HYDERABAD, Eee seh fo a oan Be ani ds notcslin mde non 46 1 oo i) Theditference between the eight "ght submees sles han o ual Frqure ree After Oeatng Kay Valo 13 3.3 AVL TREES | 3.3.1 Definition, Height of an AVL Tree | Q16. What is batanced binary tree? What are the applications of it tad Papers a) oR Discuss the importance of helght balanced tees for searching Answer: ory 23800, 060) 2 lacing hay seh Wea igh “cichtee thay anempu token ar of ne pa ea ‘bay search te ine knoe fered } ropertonal tet heh fete ‘AINE Heer acapyig oi ak + CRMMA ays end oye LARE aT TET rsd Figur uit AVL Search Tree SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTSDATA STRUCTURES LNTUHYOERABAD) | yf-3: Search Treas Gis. Discuss all ypes of rota performed after inserti {lemont, the tree bec ‘Give an example foreach. oR rite an algorithm of single rotation ang double rotation of an AVL treo. is of height O(log). ree cam be constructed fot each vali m2, Finere(: inbalancod Tree Ate Insert ‘SPECTRUM A@LLIN-ONE ‘WARRING: KeroxPhetocopyiog of is beak ina ‘CRIMINAL act. Koyo found gully a LIABLE to lace LEGAL procooino™ iV UNILE te JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDATA STRUCTURES [JNTU-HYDERABeD, OD we Figure (18: Balanced Tree aftr RA Rotation caer Operations Example D ‘Consider the following blow tee isinserte, element will be placed ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS8 Q 2 fre) o ‘Te subree movement needed o restore balance ‘shown in the figure Below. 20 wil be root 5 subiree tht 25 was previously rook node 10 wil Be ofthe root{20) and 2S wil Bethe right of the DATA STRUCTURES LINTU-HYDERARAy RR Rotation @! o@ fe &® @ “Time and Space Complexities of AVL Tree “The time complexity of inser and delete operations is O(IOgN) in both ayerap, and worst cases. “The space complexity of AVL tee is and worst cass ntl, check whether the ree is explora, empl) insert the node as cither paren rae ‘Step3: Next allocate memory for new node malloc (parent, size of (1)) ‘Step: Next assign NULL for left and right chien the created parent node (parent) « left node = NULL UNIT-3: Search Trees eee Gi. Constructthe AVL tee ofthe folowing dam "38,40, 50, 2,5, 76,25, 14,7. "The balanced factor of node 38s 0, Insert 40 f ? sy ‘The node *40"is inserted onthe right hand side of Now, the above tree isa balanced tee. (&) Insert 2 @ oy © {inserted on the left hand sie of “The balanced factor of node tis a balanced tee QR ® Oo @ Now, the above toe abalanced te. (7) tert 76 2 s ‘SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOGRNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTSDATA STRUCTURES (JNTU-HYDERARA, “ayou prtorminserion operation Hor wang sigle ube rotator Biba tt te ele 0 exam ‘om 9 Search Tres sion ofan hc ne ahaa remain the ahr ehh Trrmde i pmeetcatak oro ‘en Dandyade e-2 hie an enaced a SR SSeye We pee ae ‘atin one wile sng ged rot ney 5 SS ston ATTY M0 rato ate 8, en Men station on AVL tree, ” ys etd A yrven dow settrace ae nnenge / Seeame cree eee & women en reemecpemsia tt Hover thre exist Four e330 at yc Onan 3 leo oyun fee aul of 9 hac bimerine Tin : ure aa Eee ie ncn Be Osteen ¥ocserrgin i STUUSTerae enh ee japon see aioe: hic ch on | cae (ecm tescow 3 and oe eps prann Treabre ean red A oy Eire se ton a6 Ten ee nae So Retaon Segl raion can ein mo 9p b ‘ayant ins — (Lett Rotation (LL) Te Ue Ly no See eh mtn tet | poten a bd thee boreofmode (cena ces Dt then ere fp are tepertorme ssw we) Ate am in snp ef ton — aie mein oa conn mh a spose ch ere npn bempcngh we 4 vane, . i) The ane sn ln te. Te noe 7 ‘set rine me co bce AL eo gen a 3.44 S03 57828 1 Tas lls, Q Q @ 2 Qo © © © eee: nth Go teetneet Fer De ata Eee Forni a CRM oe a py ARE wow GE FOI 19 Utes av car Wigner stead eeegrose Sian tcene bee ae Sie Jace cape shing nl in este ann 5 oe neonate rhe seroma arog ee ince tea ‘rmbt abe oh eo Eaotawuneaie SPECTRUM ALLIN-ORE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS,DATA STRUCTURES LNTUNYDERAB, 6’ 6 (oy Uotnaces AVL) Btwn te AVL ‘hn LR tion pal coe pring te rosin fet ad then, perormin EM ‘eran pram eed se ‘one nase ees tesen et Ree cil of heme We) ‘ino cane pth orse8 ‘ower exam oing mp oon Ith ewe) nanan (oan AVL) ang ML a “= Oo Fr Iniiscuample itn operome ny loving ers ad 10 ha ren (@yAferobaning ewe) pte ht ‘en iin ee (a) Riga GR Rotation: The RL tao i ‘ply pared whenever tees ‘Sbakmcedaoric be aero ww ene, ‘Stakes herp beef ioe ‘Shetek ‘Wim Towa bo Patiocng De AVL eee. RL “Secaeiewninfee 1) m eR ten pty ens prors, ‘pe tin it ad then prong ‘er be aon perm, Be btn fede tecenes tet fen eh cme es at Th pc Mode Sei} will eames er ample ncn onl RL mtn (owen (3). Petrelli es od 58 ‘etn ig) Aer pram 0 ‘san tie ef ton peor Siebaaeed AV of gue Sera py ae FR 3: Se Toes Dracus about de ee reoratons nan AVLee see: “ie dln esi or AVL. gute Ftv oveladsuond pe as iota aod (Ot tas ase emt eared wth ie en ex pedo hd nile) Oo arte ene cbs ct ee mg easterly ener "he ton proce es ng) ice nd Sachin ido oes en erie eh an he deletion 1 ent tn see er Te node oe detente ae then ts jul emo om te oe ae rodeto te dee teen faifisanisonaleade hsm ‘hen ten he de mate eyed (es a ie AVL we 41. Aer dtm ep im de eed (ert onde tenant wher be Iatoce tof ech nae 10,21 A Meher er a 10,91, 8 opery of AVL eget sted, rey ig mitt Ta | tio edb promote ced (retomiomale he tee tn te ses oie 5. Fly the bale eer eee site tevin om be te fhe sw ate be ded nde we hanged ee es stand oe “Seach operation in AVL we ptr tig) ne, sine VL ea espn pense requ he ies sesh operon rete 2 else 4Digy St ‘ede Yur Chee atu pte ‘schon H {te pa va of de" sane an rot tater ae" sea “ALLR-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STODERTSos Tle asin Tita eet: Fonte NUL: i> Fa) mein ih see CroneirmenTon@n rps) ivighchy tan ers) (sega Pods ene ihe see ‘Torah Doane) Toke) ‘aronghtrNULL) potent Toe bot nahi para STRUCTURES LNTUSYDERHG Soak ni 1 mal 9 sole beast See PSone rea ‘oie i iret) Sap >t reese dn T= , Sepa in yur: search Tees GAine-svsce, spay taces F cas. Oe “pose: sani eek see ant back eee ate ofl i In etal about re aces, “mat dos the color neat ined ack emp kr Se Smet loaeaanes| ARERR Be ete aad caer posters | eens ne agar adiccrinlven chore |, elses ne i AVL fe Boreas tr cue crt, veo | SSE A crea pode rm, eae | Saco eo ee arte Samiti meme eomen ssaticymen lays | US me ses colored eter oor Bak Ber wna pganning heey ae ene a be Pe agmncutet | see oe ate ne sec maa Romenee erie mimi aena, | saaeegrsaynsienin [Al paths foe any given node wits leaf nodes cornea — “These constraints enforce a crical property of storm org De Saar tai oe ese | Remengsveenee et me cei ak ce | npnma es wn eStore arent meskes ara gis | mma nv sickens | San eo ae et Sita ie Rosesmeeraa i SRNL TOR ARERNG SIDER eeeComply 9 sre re pec SE AEECNOE en ecg bun. Tee comple neg = Tiesto Te scarchd in te iy | G27 Dieu Ow an men be seared in eBay | 27. D588 sexo tee taiog etn et oe icayststnpcd womans | Anes Fou penton trode ote! | torent Tet skier tag tee tment | ofa re ac nce Totiomlcapustie ren waco | cen te gy . a mode has bo be inserted into an emp tee ent nctonte ote eo ka fe Halcro mc ito amp ere weve psf inbepuotrt seems il. ewe mer eel a pat, Levteurtndete2subihhntebeserdd | be uh lat ota Sane ar sane ove Herston | fick es SC Ren ingnptomelo |g) Cai wth Ree ea puny etomtan wocomeve rele Ieee become mle the hey un iter ain cli ere a iw ee noel re) ory tomy ‘Sat (nua ennai) ‘erwin he me pent went oftcnnede ot ‘ote anda panpretnode(p) Te els ‘Steed ero eons, eee 1 btbimbance Tetntmascempuedwitteputmde | Isnt eretmde pis igs hen eden nas | loans cde ‘Sowers Tlan sehngosn is ptemeten |e osu Arbo eens Ietucecetaataode Teen rowan | tote wth ec 8 hide se oe poss fat one, | nd Beh ne cola an te hl Sere ‘sreomel ck 1 et eet tt an ey ein Se Comps of Sa _ > ‘Ty gn coping aaa sania on ee ‘a Phin Ws CRNA aR aly STAT ERT FO yw 3: Search Tes del nodes i Vac aoa rere LLrimbance adisimbalie he rot dere pode and fsa 8h chide Seat eu vl Atle erg wal ag Tet debt ceeding woe aed cova ar rh hdd Te ceed tack, bs er tae Ti theta te sve tp in “kel node sp cde Bt Prakinrcioweb et hter taney be pot hhc ott cowed inl seh oa et ig id mead be sone ur me te i nn ce Fig Wace Rb imbalace In is imbalance et node eas p38 ‘a ad we lousdd Ae lang stench ean ‘Ser chlir ae coe O i AX ee PoSeeewcegeres acncrenmterss cracls oa heccoremacaumendte &», ob oo Fie ibalce nana h ot sde p i bt cldnde nd ane de Beth ‘pastaecseae ibe Ae ebaling tre, ‘ome etna ed wi pd pra instr aoa 8 Fire Rnb ahs mts ot node ite ond wih ce nd ‘Sibert obec the be Sec nh he et lege hn ah ide SPECTROM ALLAN-OHE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTStounm 2 a cements cacramatasersrtt Migimetan ais ant a mn remepmnetaacst coieseand si Tre nce asic emer wretch chacraannevmaiacs Sassi mnccmecms Soren ide amare vatieecemmnattes senczramereaaes maces iene poche ears ect Seana Seance eed setesioutoee smed eres act eet SoS Ecoenegtrniinn x. = & ‘Wa aah i ENA asd pa UAB ae EAL eng Rd Lat Node ren edd ot issn peer itontered erect eta a0 3.9 nly tee emp te fst element 2 1 sina dewitbckeaee ch fretted Paoled nto psn Salone ro aaa sae @. @ ®@ ® © Inert aot 9 ate id fe 2 Te we again ame nnd ce te pcan cnt ea 9 ae Sorel Ine peed @ @® ® @ © aetna he eh 9 ‘ee came ln eee he en nto Dan tote Soe raions Petnealace bee.DATA STRUCTURES LINTU.HYDERAG, Tae gh hE © ® Anse: ao 2! be eo Pmt haa nd er ih tse spre pode hia ee, nt 1 Sa pro ihoecotea arte ‘Dake 35 A ae Fin, seach ast sent ee 38 nd epce 30 wi. aver 16 se 6 te il 0th avert er 3658 8 eo 16102 ‘DATA STRUCTURES LINTUNYDERAAa, 08 Toca ale Teal are nce | on tt at aA eM Tag ©, 5 ‘ety comeing sew wih pci A Ag chid he lnk wll Bk in clo Ther of wos bk a ftom (Cae 2k ti reser han ak af then lowed tom 0 @ @ Ooo © ® cand chide Sd Barre ‘oto gt ation bs ee @) Conieriobe te pretty an lows ‘hema rk) romeo A ak pe al poe fom andy. Lat Ze ‘edewah gar ety cd inch 8 The de Sea eh cof) nak eve eo “hechiledtk fmwibebck nesor ‘se 3 The ce of nk (1 et a iB este ed pe Tusestove pce ee coum ine anderen comme Ba (A) ~ Inert Sa eich do ® ® © @ ‘in tan clin clr So rio pete ane he ee oy ® ewheng perma aii ne © @ OM oO & | ® @ Ans: Satie et chi 7 ® nse ee ae ih 6, | @ | @® @ © ©® avert 7 io Sting pecs wil pt be Re Back Tee used ey thw Beale bei the ‘ret w sanion te pt opraon. spe Ti Qeatepotame sown wie Ts clone ae be cope te te (See prone Toe nes Band Cle mae ‘Trandate oP step oq = cn GP ,0 pr) Beeipotg oka —dea Dy nyse ping hen wl esearch ns henedin be bak te, The cements el @ ge @ acs een reat Me ee | Seager ae Oe © erg Oot Epc | Sas ace geo eee ntti ge | sna rn ae ‘aca ouRTa ON EFORCE TaDETS eg TNT ed py FTE SAT SPacTROTT2 fet regued ie yc epg 4 These pn wen ane esi Nera maemo ‘ect prom i a ae ene Thorton a pra en The ete ‘iene = np tena Shitioe fe dec thn foto omens * [iam (pt wach commen fl) uc ea = cra STRUCTURES LT NYDEREE, ae oe te rohan 1 noes encom ‘pes te ene te ntact ohne Ee ee (ey pneaer Pe eer it hl of poe Pine cupmnwet ol Tw il poy Se they coon ey ne los nes Tey pin pris sy ne tnt bray Bee oe Sonate murders er Nihal eawstmy eran =" Ly 2 2 sip ey cet ptem iso sens mete ene ah cross Susan tema apwanres reat en ee ate ec crests Pirtetypeetesrnscas: Telia ae ene Soon Daateaewaremrcn ie = abc ser ogee acest afore Te ay ade yet peo a 2 Wha nly parent p wh 0 en ether ie tm reins oe & —8A cue hh Freese 2 aha eet and ptr (hero ewig tens mae preset107 SHORT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS (VS@S) ) © any node mesure ete eo Black vey et ade aon a exter Height of Binary search vee et rt ae seg be eh hereto | ame tek SES earn sec es ahcy | Batches fever ae eck Grivomden fiekeprinnocres: | ¢ Atpunitem ny greene om etal de Revert ame we anbeie cel | com ane ie of Wek res — sess | Satin apace comply of earting eo ‘Mode nred block ee? swe Mescanausemey mace | A aan nseenbgrnins zm ten etn Be te | ye cg) Te pccesmpenty amet Pclony ee ave east won, | a rae remy nse rates nay soso ar aera tele cimcrecgcnsmame|% Spohn oom Seems | Same career | el eerie {nee foe by xe | | eae = fod secutive ora cet rat iin etna een tec aaa |? 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