Illustrating
Relations and
Functions
Relations and Functions 1
Essential Questions:
• What is a function?
• What are the characteristics of a function?
• How do you determine if a relation is a
function?
• How is a function different from a relation?
• Why is it important to know which variable is
the independent variable?
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Relations and Functions 2
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Relation
◼ A relation between two variables x and y
is a set of ordered pairs
{(0, −5), (1, −4), (2, −3), (3, −2), (4, −1), (5, 0)}
◼ An ordered pair consists of an x and y-
coordinate
◼ x-values are input, independent variable,
domain.
◼ y-values are output, dependent variable,
range
Relations and Functions 3
Example 1:
What makes this a relation?
{(0, −5), (1, −4), (2, −3), (3, −2), (4, −1), (5, 0)}
•What is the domain?
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
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Relations and Functions
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Example 2 –
Is this a relation?
Input 4 –5 0 9 –1
Output –2 7
•What is the domain?
{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
•What is the range?
{-2, 7}
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Relations and Functions 5
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Representation of Relation
Table of values Mapping Diagram Graph
Relations and Functions 6
Kinds of Relation
Relations and Functions 7
Relations and Functions 8
What is a function?
function
Mere relation
Relations and Functions
9
Is a relation a function?
•Focus on the x-coordinates, when given a relation
If the set of ordered pairs has different x-coordinates,
it IS A function
same x-coordinates,
If the set of ordered pairs has
it is NOT a function
•Y-coordinates have no bearing in
determining functions
Relations and Functions 10
Example 3
{(0, −5), (1, −4), (2, −3), (3, −2), (4, −1), (5, 0)}
•Is this a relation?
YES
•Is this a function?
•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
YES
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Relations and Functions 11
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Example 4
{(–1, −7), (1, 0), (2, −3), (0, −8), (0, 5), (–2, −1)}
•Is this a function?
•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
NO
•Is this still a relation?
YES
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Relations and Functions 12
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Example 5
Which relation mapping represents a
function?
Choice One Choice Two
3 –1 2 2
1 2 –1 3
0 3 3 –2
0
Choice 1
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Relations and Functions
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Example 6
Which relation mapping represents a function?
A. B.
B
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Relations and Functions 14
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5.
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Relations and Functions 15
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Relations and Functions 16
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Relations and Functions 17
Piecewise Functions
◼ Some situations can only be
described by more than one
formula, depending on the
value of the independent
variable.
Problem 1
Give a function C that can
represent the cost of buying
x meals, if one meal costs
Php 40.00.
C(x) = 40x
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Problem 2
A jeepney ride costs 8.00 Php for
the first 4 kilometers and each
additional integer kilometer
adds 1.50 Php to the fare. Use
a piecewise function to
represent the jeepney fare in
terms of the distance of d in
kilometers.
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Problem 3
A man is charged 300Php monthly
for a particular mobile plan,
which includes 100 free text
messages. Messages in excess of
100 are charged 1 Php each.
Represent the amount a man
pays each month as a function
of the number of messages m
sent in a month.
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Vertical Line Test
•Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function
if a vertical line drawn through its graph,
passes through only one point.
AKA: “The Pencil Test”
Take a pencil and move it from left to right
(–x to x); if it crosses more than one point,
it is not a function
Relations and Functions 22
Vertical Line Test
Would this
graph be a
function?
YES
Relations and Functions 23
Vertical Line Test
Would this
graph be a
function?
NO
Relations and Functions 24
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Relations and Functions 25
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