The Atlas

Chemical
reaction
represented sometimes
quantitatively by performed in

Solution
Balanced
chemical
uses
equation
shows
obeys
Molarity

Product and Product and Law of mass can be

reactant formulas reactant ratios conservation related by determined by
volume to

determined involving
from Titration

Elemental Formula Moles

analysis units

which related to
gives related by grams by

Percent Avogadro's Molar

composition number mass

used to
calculate used in

Empirical Stoichiometry
formula
to calculate
gives with
molar mass

Molecular Limiting Excess Percent

formula reactant reactant yield

[13]
 EXERCISE–II
1. A plant virus is found to consist of uniform cylindrical particles of 150 Å in diameter and 5000 Å long.
The specific volume of the virus is 0.75 cm3/g. If the virus is considered to be a single particle,
find its gram molecular mass. [V = r2l]

2. P4S3 + 8O2  P4O10 + 3SO2

Calculate minimum mass of P4S3 is required to produce atleast 1 g of each product.

3. Equal weights of mercury and iodine are allowed to react completely to form a mixture of mercurous and
mercuric iodide leaving none of the reactants. Calculate the ratio by weight of Hg2I2 and HgI2 formed
(Hg = 200, I = 127)

4. Nitrogen (N), phosporus (P), and potassium (K) are the main nutrients in plant fertilizers. According to an
industry convention, the numbers on the label refer to the mass % of N, P2O5, and K2O, in that order.
Calculate the N : P : K ratio of a 30 : 10 : 10 fertilizer in terms of moles of each elements, and express it as
x : y : 1.0.

5. In a determination of P an aqueous solution of NaH2PO4 is treated with a mixture of ammonium and

magnesium ions to precipitate magnesium ammonium phosphate Mg(NH4)PO4. 6H2O. This is heated and
decomposed to magnesium pyrophosphate, Mg2P2O7 which is weighed. A solution of NaH2PO4 yielded
1.11 g of Mg2P2O7. What weight of NaH2PO4 was present originally?

6. One litre of milk weighs 1.035 kg. The butter fat is 10% (v/v) of milk has density of 875 kg/m3. The density of
fat free skimed milk is?

7. How much minimum volume of 0.1 M aluminium sulphate solution should be added to excess calcium nitrate
to obtain atleast 1 g of each salt in the reaction.
Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ca(NO3)2  2Al(NO3)3 + 3CaSO4

8. A 0.75 gm sample containing both NaCl and NaBr is titrated with 0.1 M AgNO3, using 42 ml. A second
sample of the same weight is treated with excess silver nitrate and the mixture of AgCl and AgBr is filtered,
dried and found to weigh 0.7006 gm. Calculate the percentages of NaCl and NaBr in the sample.

9. Chloride samples are prepared for analysis by using NaCl, KCl and NH4Cl separately or as mixture. What
minimum volume of 5% by weight AgNO3 solution(specific gravity = 1.02) must be added to a sample of
0.535 g in order to ensure complete precipitation of chloride in every possible case?

10. A mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. In the ratio of one mole of nitrogen to three moles of hydrogen, was
partially converted into NH3 so that the final product was a mixture of all these three gases. The mixture was
to have a density of 0.497 g per litre at 25°C and 1.00 atm. What would be the mass of gaseous mixture in
22.4 litres at 1 atm and 273 K? Calculate the % composition of this gaseous mixture by volume.

11. A solution of specific gravity 1.6 is 67% by weight. What will be % by weight of the solution of same acid if
it is diluted to specific gravity 1.2 ?

12. 10 mL of gaseous organic compound contain C, H and O only was mixed with 100 mL of O2 and exploded
under identical conditions and then cooled. The volume left after cooling was 90 mL. On treatment with KOH
a contraction of 20 mL was observed. if vapour density of compound is 23, derive molecular formula of the
compound.

[19]
13. For a hypothetical chemical reaction represented by 3A(g)  C(g) + D(g) , the following informations are
known.
Information
(i) At t = 0, only 1 mole of A is present and the gas has V.D. = 60.
(ii) At t =30 min, the gaseous mixture consist of all three gases and has a vapour density = 75.
(iii) Molecular Mass of C = 200
Calculate (a) Molecular weight of A and D. (b) Moles of each specie at t = 30 min.

14. PCl3 + Cl2  PCl5

PCl3 + 3H2O  H3PO3 + 3HCl
A sample containing very large amount of PCl3 was exposed to a sample of "Chlorinated water" having Cl2
dissolved in H2O so that the above two reactions occurred. It was observed that ratio of mass of PCl5 to mass
of H3PO3 was 417 : 246. From this information calculate.
(i) ratio of moles of PCl5 to moles of H3PO3.
(ii) ratio of moles of Cl2 : H2O present in chlorinated water
(iii) Molality (m) of Chlorine in Chlorinated water.

15. 105 mL water at 4°C is saturated with NH3 gas, producing a solution of d = 0.9 g/ml. If the solution contains
30% NH3 by wt. Calculate its volume.

16. What volume of 0.2 M NaOH (in ml) solution should be mixed to 500 ml of 0.5 M NaOH solution so that
300 ml of final solution is completely neutralised by 20 ml of 2 M H3PO4 solution.

17. An ideal gaseous mixture of ethane (C2H6) and ethene (C2H4) occupies 28 litre at 1 atm & 273 K. The
mixture reacts completely with 128 gm O2 to produce CO2 and H2O.
Calculate mole percentage of C2H6 in in the mixture.

18. One gm of charcoal adsorbs 100 ml 0.5 M CH3COOH to form a monolayer, and thereby the molarity of
CH3COOH reduces to 0.49. Calculate the surface area of the charcoal adsorbed by each molecule of acetic
acid. Surface area of charcoal = 3.01 × 102 m2/g.
40% yield
19. H2O2 + 2KI   I + 2KOH
2
50% yield
H2O2 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4   K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3O2 + 4H2O
100 ml of H2O2 sample was divided into two parts. First part was treated with KI. And KOH formed required
200 ml of M/2 H2SO4 for complete neutralisation. Other part was treated with just sufficient KMnO4 yielding
6.72 lit. of O2 at 1 atm & 273 K. Calculate
(a) Moles of KOH produced (b) Moles of KMnO4 used
(c) Total moles of H2O2 used in both reaction (d) Volume strength of H2O2 used.

20. Consider the following set of reactions

If 0.1 moles of silver salt is taken & wt. of residue obtained is 54 g then what will be the molecular mass of

 CH — CH CH 
CH3 —   — CH3
| | | 
 Br Br Br n


[20]
 EXERCISE–III
1. The volume (in mL) of 0.1 M AgNO3 required for complete precipitation of chloride ions present in 30 mL of
0.01 M solution of [Cr(H2O)5Cl] Cl2, as silver chloride is close to [JEE 2011]

2. 29.2% (w/w) HCl stock solution has a density of 1.25 g mL–1. The molecular weight of HCl is 36.5 g mol–1.
The volume (mL) of stock solution required to prepare a 200 mL solution of 0.4 M HCl is : [JEE 2012]

3. A gaseous hydrocarbon gives upon combustion 0.72 g of water and 3.08 g of CO2. The empirical formula of
the hydrocarbon is : [JEE Mains-2013]
(A) C7H8 (B) C2H4 (C) C3H4 (D) C6H5

4. The molarity of a solution obtained by mixing 750 mL of 0.5 (M) HCl with 250 mL of 2(M)HCl will be :
(A) 0.975 M (B) 0.875 M (C) 1.00 M (D) 1.75 M [JEE Mains-2013]

5. The ratio of masses of oxygen and nitrogen in a particular gaseous mixture is 1 : 4. The ratio of number of
their molecule is [JEE Mains-2014]
(A) 7 : 32 (B) 1 : 8 (C) 3 : 16 (D) 1 : 4

6. In Carius method of estimation of halogens, 250 mg of an organic compound gave 141 mg of AgBr.
The percentage of bromine in the compound is (at. mass Ag = 108 ; Br = 80) [JEE Mains-2015]
(A) 60 (B) 24 (C) 36 (D) 48

7. Assertion : Nitrogen and oxygen are the main components in the atmosphere but these do not react to form
oxides of nitrogen. [JEE Mains-2015]
Reason : The reaction between nitrogen and oxygen requires high temperature.
(A) Both the assertion and reason are incorrect
(B) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation for the assertion
(C) Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation for the assertion
(D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct

8. At 300 K and 1 atm, 15 mL of a gaseous hydrocarbon requires 375 mL air containing 20% O2 by volume for
complete combustion. After combustion the gases occupy 330 mL. Assuming that the water formed is in
liquid form and the volumes were measured at the same temperature and pressure, the formula of the
hydrocarbon is : [JEE Mains-2016]
(A) C3H6 (B) C3H8 (C) C4H8 (D) C4H10
9. The mole fraction of a solute in a solution is 0.1. At 298 K, molarity of this solution is the same as its molality.
Density of this solution at 298 K is 2.0 g cm–3. The ratio of the molecular weights of the solute and solvent,

 MWsolute 
 MW  , is [JEE Advance-2016]
solvent

10. On treatment of 100 mL of 0.1 M solution of CoCl3.6H2O with excess AgNO3, 1.2 × 1022 ions are precipitated.
The complex is [JEE Main-2017]
(A) [Co(H2O)5Cl] Cl2 . H2O (B) [Co(H2O)4Cl2] Cl . 2H2O
(C) [Co(H2O)3Cl3] . 3H2O (D) [Co(H2O)6]Cl3

11. 1 gram of a carbonate (M2CO3) on treatment with excess HCl produces 0.01186 mole of CO2. The molar
mass of M2CO3 in g mol–1 is [JEE Main-2017]
(A) 11.86 (B) 1186 (C) 84.3 (D) 118.6

[27]
12. The most abundant elements by mass in the body of a healthy human adult are : [JEE Main-2017]
Oxygen (61.4%), Carbon (22.9%), Hydrogen (10.0%) and Nitrogen (2.6%).
The weight which a 75 k person would gain if all 1H atoms are replaced by 2H atoms is
(A) 10 kg (B) 15 kg (C) 37.5 kg (D) 7.5 kg

13. The ratio of mass percent of C and H of an organic compound (CXHYOZ) is 6 : 1. If one molecule of the above
compound (CXHYOZ) contains half as much oxygen as required to burn one molecule of compound CXHY
completely to CO2 and H2O. The empirical formula of compound CXHYOZ is : [JEE Main-2018]
(A) C2H4O3 (B) C3H6O3 (C) C2H4O (D) C3H4O2

14. Galena (Pbs an ore) is partially oxidized by passing air through it at high temperature. After some time, the
passage of air is stopped, but the heating is continued in a closed furnace such that the contents undergo
self-reduction. The weight (in kg) of Pb produced per kg of O2 consumed is______.
(Atomic weights in g mol–1 : O = 16, S = 32, Pb = 207) [JEE Advance-2018]

15. The mole fraction of urea in an aqueous urea solution containing 900 g of water is 0.05. If the density of the
solution is 1.2 g cm–3, the molarity of urea solution is ________. [IIT Advanced 2019]
(Given data : Molar masses of urea and water are 60 g mol–1 and 18 g mol–1, respectively)

16. Aluminium reacts with sulfuric acid to form aluminium sulfate and hydrogen. What is the volume of hydrogen
gas in liters (L) produced at 300 K and 1.0 atm pressure, when 5.4 g of aluminium and 50.0 mL of 5.0 M
sulfuric acid are combined for the reaction? [IIT Advanced 2020]
–1
(Use molar mass of aluminium as 27.0 g mol , R = 0.082 atm L mol K ) –1 –1

[28]
 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE–I
1. 196.14 g/mole 2. y atoms 3. 6.876 amu 4. 123 g/mol
5. 24.09 × 1023, 112 g 6. 33.33 g/mole 7. (a) 4 ; (b) 5000 moles 8. 0.025
9. 116.8 g 10. 1.33 × 1021 11. 1.8 × 1019 12. 27.6 g
13. 50.14 litre 14. 17 : 1 15. 12.3 16. 8.78 ×10–5%
17. m = 4, C6H2Cl3 18. (a) C6H12, (b) C5H10O5, (c) H2O2, (d) Hg2Cl2, (e) H4F4 19. CH

20. C3H5N, C3H5N 21. wc = 24 g ; w CCl 4 = 154 g 22. 0.25 mole

23. 5.6 24. 0.12 25. 8.55 26. 39.18

27. 4.48 litre 28. 61.5 g 29. 320.3 g 30. 29.46%
31. 1.03 g 32. 50 33. Al = 60%; Mg = 40%] 34. 25%
35. 63%, 37% 36. CaCO3 = 28.4%; MgCO3 = 71.6%
37. NaHCO3 = 42%; Na2CO3 = 58% 38. %NaCl = 77.8% 39. 21 : 11
40. (i) Fe2O3 + 2 Al  Al2O3 + 2Fe; (ii) 80 : 27; (iii) 10,000 units
41. 470.4 g 42. 640.0 43. (a) 59.17 g (b) 61.97 g
44. 15.97 g 45. (a) 117 kg ; (b) 20.16 × 103 lit. 46. 55.5 mol L–1
47. (a) 0.5 M, (b) 0.5 M, (c) 0.2 M 48. 1.09 49. 13.15
50. 16.66% 51. 2.7 × 10–4 52. 1.306 53. 200
54. 1.736 litre 55. 200 ml 56. 60

57. (a) [Ca2+] = 2 molar [NO3 ] = 4 molar; (b) 0.064 58. 0.667, 0.667 59. 2L
60. 0.20 M 61. 5.56 ml 62. 1.44 m 63. 25 litre
64. (i) 4 M; (ii) 0.067 65. 45.42 V 66. 28.38 67. 10 ml
68. 30 ml 69. 70 ml 70. 5 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml
71. NO = 44 ml; N2O = 16 ml 72. C5H10
73. C2H2 = 6 ml, CO = 14 ml 74. CH4 = 4.5 ml, C2H4 = 4 ml, CO2 = 1.5 ml
75. C2H2 = 16 ml, CO = 24 ml
EXERCISE–II
1. 7.092 × 107
2. 1.1458 3. 0.532 : 1.00 4. 10 : 0.66 : 1 5. 1.2 g
6. 1.052 g/ml 7. 24.51 ml 8. 15.6%, 30.21% 9. 33.33 ml
10. 12.15 g/mole, N2 = 14.28 % H2 = 42.86%, NH3 = 42.86 %
11. 29.77
12. C2H6O
2 1 1 2 2 2
13. (a) mA = 120, mD = 160; (b)nA = , nC= , nD = 14. (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) m Cl 2 = ×1000mol/kg
5 5 5 3 9 9  18

15. 166.6 ml 16. 250 17. 40 18. 5 × 10–19 m2

19. (a) 0.2; (b) 0.4 moles; (c) 0.45; (d) 51.1 'V' 20. 495

[29]
 QUESTION BANK
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A
8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. A
15. B 16. C 17. A 18. A 19. D 20. D 21. B
22. B 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. A
29. A 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C
36. C 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. B 42. D
43. B 44. C 45. A 46. A,B,C 47. B,C 48. A,C 49. A,B
50. A,C 51. B,D 52. A,C 53. B,D 54. B,C 55. C
56. (A)  R, (B)  P, (C)  Q 57. (A)  R, (B)  Q, (C)  P
58. (A)  Q, (B)  S, (C)  P, (D) R 59. (A)  P,Q; (B)  P ; (C)  S; (D)  R
60. (A)  Q; (B)  P; (C)  S; (D)  R

EXERCISE–III
1. 6 2. 8 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B
8. Bonus 9. 9 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. 6.47
15. 2.98 16. 6.00 to 6.20

[30]