See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/255909749

E-Governance: Past, Present and Future in India

Article in International Journal of Computer Applications · August 2013

DOI: 10.5120/8437-2220 · Source: arXiv

CITATIONS READS

80 3,610

2 authors, including:

V. B. Singh
University of Delhi
79 PUBLICATIONS 1,097 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by V. B. Singh on 13 January 2015.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

E-Governance: Past, Present and Future in India

Nikita Yadav V. B. Singh

Research Scholar, Singhania University, Delhi College of Arts & Commerce, University of
Pacheri Bari, Rajasthan Delhi, Delhi

ABSTRACT Country for which free hardware and software was offered to
Online working of a government or providing its services the State Governments. NIcNET was extended via the State
online to its citizens at their door step is known as E- capitals to all district headquarters by 1990 [7].
Governance. E-Governance is E-Commerce technology
means online availability of government services. The E-Governance was started in India by AHSHAYA in Kerala.
technology and the methods used in E-Governance project This project involves setting up around 5000 multipurpose
provide a roadmap for efficient delivery of services at the community technology centers called Akshaya e- Kendra’s
door step. In today’s time the development of any country across Kerala. Run by private entrepreneurs, each e-Kendra
depends on the uses of E-Governance and also their set up within 2-3 kilometers of every household, will cater to
penetration. Development of any country can be judge by the the requirements of around 1000-3000 families to make
scope of E-Governance in that country. Moreover, today’s available the power of networking and connectivity to
government has also full faith in E-Governance and its common man. Akshaya is a social and economic catalyst
widespread network across the world proves it. Due to focusing on the various facets of e-learning, e-transaction, e-
widespread demand ofE-governance and exponentially governance, information and communication.
increasing size of data, new technologies like Open source
solutions and cloud computing need to be incorporated. In this E-Governance is not only popular in India but also worldwide.
paper, the latest trends of technology that the government of To make working of government more efficient, responsive
most of the country has adopted have been discussed. While and transparent many developed and developing countries
working on this project we have concluded that E-Governance
have taken some useful steps for the expansion of e-
has made the working of government more efficient and more
transparent to its citizens We have also presented an governance in their respective countries. Countries which are
exhaustive list of E-Governance projects which is currently in the race of e-governance implementation are UK, USA,
being used in India and in international scenario. We have New Zealand, Brazil etc. Below following countries with their
provided a mechanism for improving E-Governance by respective projects has been described:-
including technologies such as Open Source and Cloud
Computing. USA: On July 18, 2001 Task Force to identify priority actions
General Terms that achieve strategic improvements in government and set in
Information Technology motion a transformation of government around citizen needs
was done [10].
Keywords
E-governance, cloud computing, open source software. Various projects:-

1. Recreation One Stop: - This project was started on

1. INTRODUCTION 31 April 2002. It aimed to:-
Today’s is the world of change and revolution. Things which  Agreement with private sector reached on
are not dynamic are considered as mortal. The rise of e- implementation of new recreation online projects.
government has been one of the most striking developments  Additional recreation projects available online.
of the web Global shifts towards increased deployment of IT
2. EZ Tax filling:-This project was started on 31april, 2002. It
by governments emerged in the nineties, with the advent of aimed to:-
the World Wide Web. The technology as well as e-
governance initiatives have come a long way since then.  Filling and refunding of taxes online.
Recognizing the increasing importance of electronics, the  Initial deployment of industry partnership free e-
filling solution for 2003season.
Government of India established the Department of
Electronics in 1970.[7] The subsequent establishment of the 3. Federal Assets Sales:-started on 31march, 2003. It aimed
National Informatics centre (NIc) in 1977 was the first major to:-
step towards e-Governance in India as it brought
 Develop pilot business integration
‘information’ and its communication in focus. However, the
 Re-host federal sales.
main thrust for e-Governance was provided by the launching
of NIcNET in 1987 – the national satellite-based computer 4. E-Payroll/HR: - started on 31 March, 2002. Aimed to:-
network. This was followed by the launch of the District
Information System of the National Informatics centre  complete and submit business case to PMC
 integrated enterprise architecture
(DISNIc) program to computerize all district offices in the

36
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

5. E-Authentication: - started on 1july, 2002. Aimed at:-  The way the government works.
 Initial authentication gateway prototype  Transparency in its working and
 Full deployment information.
 Communication to its citizen.
UK: In April 2000, the cabinet Office in the UK came out
with the document ‘E-Government: A Strategic Framework In developing countries, Government beneficiary scheme can
for Public Services in the Information Age’ [9]. be reached to the lowest pyramid of society efficiently by
implementing E-Governance projects. It can bridge the gap
Various projects:-
between rich and poor. Rest of the paper is organized as
1. Cornwall Electronic Health Record Pilot: - this project was follows. Section 1.1 and 1.2 of the paper describes about E-
started in April 2000[11]. It aimed to:- Governance. Applications of E-Governance and challenges in
implementing E-Governance have been described in section 2,
 Pan-community EHR demonstrator
3, 4 and 5.In section 6; future technologies for e-governance
 Connect all General Practitioners to NHSnet
(national-level NHS Virtual Private Network or are described.
intranet)
 24 hour emergency care record 1.1 E-Governance: Use of internet by the government to
 Common information architecture provide its services at the door step of customers, business
 Condition-specific care modules – mental health, and other stakeholder.
coronary heart disease, diabetic care
In E-Governance, government makes best possible use of
2. Go-between Project: - this project is for Calne Community internet technology to communicate and provide information
Area in Wiltshire. This project is designed to assist a local to common peoples and businessman. Today, electricity,
rural community organize its transport services by identifying water, phone and all kinds of bills can be paid over the
unmet local demand and matching it with spare capacity [12] internet. All this is what government and citizens is using and
doing. All are dependent on internet and when citizens
3. Plymouth Bus Project:-Commissioned by Plymouth City depends on government internet services all that come is E-
Council to undertake a comprehensive study of the bus Governance.
network and propose initiatives for its future development and
investment. (Completed in January 2009) [12] There are four pillars of E-Governance:-

4. Integrating Transport:-Started in South West Hertfordshire. 1. CONNECTIVITY:-Connectivity is required to

Lead consultant on a project commissioned by Watford connect the people to the services of the
Borough Council. Preparation of a sustainable transport government. There should be a strong connectivity
strategy for implementation over the next ten years. for an effective e-governance.
(Completed October 2008)[12] 2. KNOWLEDGE: - Here knowledge refers to IT
knowledge. Government should employ skill full
New Zealand engineers who can handle the e-governance in an
efficient way. These engineers also handle all kind
In May 2000,Realising the importance of opportunities of fault that may occur during the working of e-
offered by ICT, the New Zealand Government came out with governance.
its e-government vision document and an ‘E-Government 3. DATA CONTENT: - To share any kind of
Unit’ was established by the State Services commission knowledge or information over the internet, there
should be its database. This database should have
Various projects:- the data content which is related to government
services.
The Treaty of Wetangi: It is the founding document of New 4. CAPITAL:-Capital can be on public or private
Zealand. This website, launched in 2003, to provide partnership. It refers to money used by government
information and resources for an informed understanding and to provide their services or to that sector of the
greater public knowledge of the treaty[13]. economy based on its operation

As people’s want advancement in their lifestyle same they

want in their government. Success or failure of any
government depends on three things:

37
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

 Most of the finance and budget work are also done

through e-governance.
FOUR
PILLARS Government to businessmen (G2B):-Through this model,
bond between private sector and government increase and
businessmen use to communicate. They share information
through this model like:-

 Collection of taxes.
 Rejection and approval of patent is also done by this
.
model.
CONNECTIVITY
PILLARS  Payment of all kind of bills and penalty.
 Sharing of all kind of information, rules and data.
 Complaints or any kind of dissatisfaction can be
shown by this.
DATA CAPITAL
CONTENT Government to employees (G2E):-This model increases the
transparency between government and its employee. Here,
employee can keeps a check on the functioning and working
of government and government can keeps on its employees.
KNOWLEDGE
Information that can be shared by this model:-

 All kind of data submission(attendance record,

employee record etc) from various government
offices is done by this model
Fig 1: pillars of e-governance
 Employee can file all kinds of complaints and
1.1 E-governance models dissatisfaction by this model.
 All kind of rule- regulation and information for
E-GOVERNANCE services can be shared between citizens, employees can be shared by this.
 Employees can check their payment and working
businessman, government and employees. These four models
record.
of e-governance are as:-
 Employees can register all kind of working forms
online.
1. Government to citizens (G2C)
2. Government to government (G2G)
2 DIFFERENT AREAS OF E-GOVERNANCE
3. Government to employees (G2E)
4. Government to businessman (G2B) Today area of e-governance is very wide. E-Governance is
implemented by government in almost every field. From
Government to citizens (G2C):-This model of e-governance urban states to rural areas and from politics to teaching-
refers to the government services which are shared by Governance has spread its root everywhere. Either its public
citizens. Here, citizens visit to the link of services that they or private sector, common man or businessman all is largely
want to use. This models strong the bond between government dependent on e-governance. Here we have presented different
and its citizen. Type of services which are provided by this areas where e-governance is widely used. In the following
model includes:- section, we are describing the projects used in urban and rural
areas of India.
 Payment of online bills such as electricity, water,
telephone bills etc.
 Online registration of applications. 2.1 E-Governance projects in urban areas:-
 Copies of land-record.
 Online filling of complaints. 2.1.1Transportation:- Services provided by e-governance
 Availability of any kind of online information. in this area are:-

Government to government (G2G):-This model refers to the  Issuance of Time Table of buses.
services which are shared between the governments. There is  Provision of booking facility for Interstate transport.
lots of information that need to be shared between various
 Transportation Improvement Program.
government agencies, department and organizations. These
 Regional Transportation Plans.
types of services or information are as:-
 Congestion Management Process.
 Sharing of information between police department  Transportation Demand Management.
of various state.
Various projects [1]:-
 Government document exchange which includes
preparation, approval, distribution, and storage of
all governmental documents is also done through e- 1. CFST:-Citizen Friendly Services of Transport
governance. Department by Andhra Pradesh government to
provide services such as Issue of learner licensees

38
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

,Issue of driving licenses ,Renewal of driving 2. Mahiti Shakti: - By Gujarat government to provide
licenses etc information related to its working to its citizens.
2. Vahan and Sarathi:-The backend applications 3. OLTP: - By Andhra Pradesh government. With this
Vahan&Sarathi help in speeding the overall work
project 16 government departments in Andhra
flow in the transport department but Tamil Nadu
govt. Pradesh are connected on a single network.
3. OSRTC:- The Orissa State Road Transport
Corporation project was started to provide transport 2.1.4Municipal services: - Services provided are as:-
related facilities online
4. HRTC: - Himachal Road Transport Corporation  House Tax Assessment, Billing and Collection.
project is for online bookings, cancellation of seats,  Maintain records of Land & property.
for enquiry about departure of buses, availability of  Issue of Death Certificates.
seats and buses etc.
 Registration & Attorneys of properties.
 Review and approval authority for site plans
2.1.2 Online payment of bills and taxes:-Services
provided by e-governance in this area’s:- Various projects:-

 Online Transaction 1. E-Panjeeyan:-It is started by Assam government to

 Payment of Bill deals with the computerization of the Document
registration work at Sub Registrar Office.
 Payment of taxes
2. SDO Suite:-By Assam government. This system
 Payment of house EMIs helps in issuing various certificates like Land sale
Permission, Legal heir certificate, Issue of Passport
Various Projects:-
Verification Certificate, Birth and Death Report,
1. FRIENDS: - This project is started by Kerala 3. Palike:-The Palike-property tax software capture
Government for its citizens to make online payment the basic details of the owner and property, payment
of electricity and water bills, revenue taxes, license details for which receipt is generated and given to
fees, motor vehicle taxes, university fees, etc [1]. the citizen was hosted.
2. E-SEVA:-Electronic seva by Andhra Pradesh 4. Rural Digital Services (Nemmadi):-Provide services
government to pay utility bills, avail of tradelicenses such as issuance of certificates, issuance of orders in
and transact on government matters at these respect of Social Security Schemes such as old age
facilities. pension, widow pension, freedom fighter pension
3. BWSSB ganakeekruthaGrahakaraSeve, water etc.
billing, and collection system: - This e-governance 5. TRIS:- Tripura Registration Information System is
project is started by the Bangalore government. In meant for capturing of online photograph and bio-
this every month bills of houses are generated metric impression, Service for visit commission,
through BGS software request for duplicate document, searching of
4. DOMESTIC: - This project is started by Daman and document etc.
Diu. It is an Electricity Billing System for domestic
consumers. 2.1.5Roads and traffic management:- Services
5. E-Pourasabha Municipal Application:-E-Pourasabha provided by this type of e-governance is:-
is an e-governance application for urban local
bodies. It is implemented for Tax Collection system,  Network of Roads & Bridges
Property Tax, Water Tax etc.  Road construction and their maintenance
6. E-Mitra by the Government of Rajasthan  Traffic Management
 Safety ,Accident and pollution control
7. SAMPARK by Chandigarh government
8. E-Suvidha by the government of Uttar Pradesh Various projects:-

2.1.3 Information and public relation key 1. BHOOSWADEENA-This project is computerized

land acquisition system with tight integration with
services:-With these kinds of projects people can get any
BHOOMI. The purpose of this project is to develop
kind of information with just a single click.
a system to automate the process Land acquisition
Various projects:- 2. I-GeoApproach Internet Geometrics:-Purpose of
this project is development of Geometrics based
1. LokMitra: - By the government of Himachal web enabled decision support system for Rural
Pradesh. The services offered include information Road Network of Madhya Pradesh.
about vacancies, tenders, market rates, matrimonial 3. RSPCB (Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board);-
services, village e-mail. The project relates to establishment of computer
based system by fulfilling the Hardware, Software

39
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

and Networking Requirements The project will be 4. Intranet Portal of Chandigarh Administration:-It
beneficial to the Government, Central Pollution provides an environment where administration
Control Board, RSPCB itself. could interact.
4. CFST:- Citizen Friendly Services of Transport 5. E-DISHA EkalSewa Kendra:-This project is started
Department This project is started by the by Haryana government.E-Disha to deliver any
government of Andhra Pradesh to keeps check on service from any counter/location, so at the peak
pollution control, road safety, road signs and safety requirements of services, counters can be extended
of its citizens.[1] as per crowd.
6. E-Samadhan: - the Government of Himachal
2.2 Areas of e-governance in rural areas:- Pradesh stressed upon to develop grievances
redressed mechanism so that the genuine public
In rural areas e-governance has its very powerful impact. grievances may be redressed in a time bound
Here, from agriculture to local information everything is done manner.
through e-governance.
2.2.3 Disaster management: - To manage disaster, is a
2.2.1Agriculture:- Following are the projects used in
very big challenge for the government as these are natural
Agriculture.
phenomena and are unpredictable. To deal with these
disasters, much state government has started e-governance
1. Gyandoot: In the State of Madhya Pradesh it is an
service for this.
Intranet-based Government to citizen (G2c) service
delivery initiative.
Project in this area is:-
2. BELE:- It is a web-based application with 3-tier
architecture for capturing and monitoring the major
1. Chetana: - It is a Disaster management system which has
activities and services.
been started in the state of Bihar to deal with natural disasters
3. AGMARKNET: - It is a project approved by
such as flood and earthquake.
Department of Marketing & Inspection (DMI),
Ministry of Agriculture, and Government of India. 2.2.4 Land record management:-.By facilatinge-
4. SEEDNET:-It is a SEED informatics network under governance service in this area, millions of land records can
ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The be maintain in a very short time span.
project was started in Chhattisgarh in the month of
July' 2008 for Kharif season. Major projects in this area are:-
5. Mustard Procurement Management System:- It is
1. Bhoomi:-It is the first e-Governance land records
started by Haryana government. It Conducted the
management system project which is successfully
Survey of mustard sown by the farmers and feed
implemented for the benefits of the common man by
this data in to the database of the system. This data
the Government of Karnataka.
is then processed and generate coupons having 2. Comprehensive Modernization of Land Records
information of dates on which farmer may visit in (CMLR):- This project is started by the government
the mandi to sale his mustard. of Andhra Pradesh. It allows integrating functions
of property registration, mutations and updating of
2.2.2 Local information: - For local information such as field survey maps.
prices of seeds, fertilizers, loan rates etc. government has 3. Land Record Computerisation: - The objective of
started e-governance service in this area also. the project is to computerize fresh allotment, land
transfer, regularisation of occupied land etc. related
Various projects:- actives of the Dept. of Land Management at district
level.
1. E-JanSampark:-Services & Information accessible
4. Gyandoot: - it is an intranet in Dhar district of
to the common man in his locality to meet his basic
Madhya Pradesh, connecting rural cybercafés
need. This project is started by Chandigarh.
catering to the everyday needs of the masses [4].
2. Prajavani: - it is started by the Government of 5. Land Records Management System State
Andhra Pradesh.it is a Web based On-line
Monitoring of Public Grievances. Government of Punjab.
3. WebPortalsforHyderabadandCyberabadPolice:-It is 6. Devbhoomi State Government of Uttarakhand.
designed by hyderabad, developed and hosted with 7. Bhu-Lekh – UP State Government of Uttar Pradesh.
many exciting public utility features like Safety tips
8. E-Dhara State Government of Gujarat.
for all citizens, verificatiosn status of Passports,
Stolen vehicles etc.[1]

40
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

2.2.5Panchayat:-Services provided by e-governance in 4. NLEP (National Leprosy Eradication Program):-

this area are:- NLEP is web based application developed for
monitoring of leprosy cases in Chhattisgarh State.
 Issue of Birth/Death certificate. 5. HEALING:-it is a Health Information system for
 Application for inclusion of name in Voter list. Kerala Government which is developed and
 Conducting various welfare schemes for the poor implemented for Medical Health & Family Welfare
and needy sections of the society. department
 Preparing district wise planning, implementing
those plan, and review for success.
 To provide wage employment to the needy from
4 E-GOVERNANCE IN EDUCATION:-
amongst the poorest section of the rural society. Providing basic education (elementary, primary, secondary) to
 Rural water supply and sanitation. children

Various projects:-  Providing computer education to children

 Results for 10th& 12thclasses
1. E-GramViswa Gram Project:- This Project Initiates  Information on eligibility for “Distribution of
e-Gram Project connecting 13716 Gram Panchayats books” scheme
and 6000 Citizen Common Service Centres as a part
of the e-Gram connectivity Project by Gujarat. Various projects:-
2. RajNidhi: - "RajNidhi" is a web enabled
information kiosk system developed jointly by 1. CASCET:-This project is started by the Karnataka
Rajasthan state's Department of Information government for Education Department.
Technology and Rajasthan State Agency for 2. Online Scholarship Management System:-It is
Computer Services (Raj Comp) [4]. meant for the purpose of distribution of scholarships
3. Raj-SWIFT:-The Rajasthan State’s Department of and fees reimbursement.
Information Technology (DoIT) has developed 3. AISES (All India School Education Survey):- this
Government’s own Intranet called as "raj- project is started by Assam government. This
SWIFT"[4] project is used for surveying the number of schools
4. Support for P & RD sector in Assam:-NIC, Assam in district. Census
State Centre has been identified as the technical 4. CAPnic:-This is for the Centralized seat allotment
consultant for e-Governance solution and process for professional courses and come under
Computerization of the Department of Panchayat Kerala.
and Rural Development. 5. VHSE Examination Management System:-it has
5. SamanyaMahiti by the State Government of been developed to handle pre-examination related
Karnataka activities of the vocational higher secondary
education.
3 E-GOVERNANCE IN HEALTH
5 CHALLENGES IN E-GOVERNANCE
Service provided by these projects are as:- In this paper we have described basically three types of
challenges. These are
 Availability of medicines
 Special health camps
Technical Challenges:-Technical issue involve the following
 Facilities at Anganwadi canters
challenges [9] such as
Various projects:- i. Interoperability
ii. Privacy
1. Online Vaccination Appointment for International iii. Security
Traveller:-Citizen centric application for the iv. Multiservice Interaction
purpose of vaccination of the persons proceeding
abroad and issuance of International Health .Organizational Challenges:-Organizational challenges
Certificate include-
2. SMS based Integrated Disease Surveillance System: i. Lack of Integrated Services
- it is an SMS based Integrated Disease Surveillance ii. Lack of Key Persons
System facilitates to report the occurrences of iii. Population
disease, number of persons affected from the area of iv. Different Languages
occurrences immediately to the concerned authority.
3. Hospital OPD Appointment:-Hospital OPD According to an officer from NIC, success factors of e-
Appointment System is another welfare measure Gov projects [7] –
undertaken by Chandigarh Administration to make
life of citizens simpler.

41
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

o 10% Technology 6 PROPOSED FUTURE TECHNOLOGY

o 60% Process
o 20% Change Management OF E-GOVERNANCE
o Rest is luck
To make E-Governance more efficient and powerful, two
technologies can be boon to it. These technologies are Open
Economical Challenges:-Economical challenges [9] are as:-
Source Software and Cloud Computing. In this section, we
i. Cost have proposed a framework to incorporate open source and
ii. Maintainability cloud computing in E-Governance.
iii. Reusability
iv. Portability 6.1Open source software
Open Source Software (OSS) is software made available in
both source code and binary form, under a license which
allows users to freely use, modify and redistribute the
software without the need to pay royalties to the original
software author.

Working of E-Governance in Open Source environment

Active entity 1 Feedback to and from Passive entities User

Active entity 2 1
User
2
Open E- User
Active entity 3 Services provided by open source
Source governance 3
Environment
Feedback to and from Passive entities

User
Active entity x
x

Fig 2: E-Governance and Open Source

Two entities that are actively involved in open source The Indian Government has recently proposed to go the open
environment are active and passive entities. Active entities are source way in its e-governance projects, and the Department
code developers while passive entities are users who give of Information Technology has issued a Draft Policy in this
their feedback openly to e-governance in open source regard. The move has been welcomed by the IT industry. The
environment. This feedback is bi-directional where an active draft titled Policy on Device Drivers for Procurement of
and passive entity communicates. In this, active entities Hardware for e-Governance states that the, “Government of
develop the code in open source environment which in turn is India (GOI) endeavors to provide e-governance services,
used by e-governance and provide its services to its citizens. which are technology-neutral, cost-effective, interoperable
Users can give their feedback o e-governance. This feedback and vendor-neutral. The GOI Policy on open standards is a
is bidirectional. step towards meeting this objective in the development of e-
governance applications.” The policy will be applicable in all
For many governments the world over, the choice of Open new e-governance projects, as well as in existing ones [16].
Source is a strategic one. Majorities of projects which are
based on Open Source technology has been highly seemed in The case for Open Source Software for governments in
European countries. This preference towards Open Source developing countries is a compelling one. Characteristics that
platforms is firstly because, acquiring and upgrading make OSS an ideal candidate to be used by government are:-
proprietary software isexpensive. There is also the proposition
that it is safer to entrust knowledge in the public domain to 1. It provides increased ownership and local
autonomy.
Open Source, which is also in the public domain, than to
2. It also provides increased flexibility to address
proprietary platforms. Thirdly, using open source would
localization issues and extensibility.
enable India to encourage our own software professionals to
3. There are also numerous cost benefits to be gained
provide software support in the form of add-on applications
from the use of OSS.
that could be written at a cost much lower than that required
to buy multi-featured packaged software

42
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

4. Many open source software projects have been throughout the country. NIC has selected and deployed the
extremely successful (measured by market share), open source Eucalyptus software as the foundation for its
particularly in server/back-office application spaces, cloud project, which calls for the execution of cloud-based e-
and there is enormous industry investment in
governance projects on a broad scale.
promoting the growth and improvement of
community-based software projects.[8]
NIC is providing the network backbone and a wide range of
6.2 E-Governance and cloud computing ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) services
to government organizations throughout India, including a
There is no doubt that worldwide revolution in Internet is nationwide communication network for decentralized
changing our lives in terms of the way we work, learn and planning, improvement in government services and wider
interact. Today not only private sector largely depends upon transparency of national and local government institutions
internet but government sector also depends upon internet. In [14]. Following model, we propose for usages of cloud
this internet world, Cloud computing has become one of the computing in E-Governance:
hottest technique in the IT area. Today’s e-governance is
implemented with clouds as clouds provide number of

Working of E-Governance with Clouds

Cloud providers
Request by users

USER-1
Cloud services Request to clouds

IaaS E-
USER-2
GOVERNANCE

PaaS
USER-x
SaaS

Requested data to users

Data by cloud

Fig4:-E-Governance with clouds

benefits and make e-governance more efficient to use. Cloud

computing allows computer e-governance users to Clouds provide services (IaaS, PaaS and SaaS means
conveniently rent access to fully featured applications. .Cloud Infrastructure as a service , Platform as a service and Software
computing also provides software development and as a service) which in turn are consumed by e-governance.
deployment environments, and computing infrastructure These services are used by e-governance and in turn provide
assets such as network-accessible data storage and processing services to its number of customers at the same time. With
model. clouds, when loads increase a lot even then its performance
doesn’t decrease.
Cloud computing is a business model of delivering IT
resources and applications as services accessible remotely Now a days, cloud provider use Storage Area Network (SAN)
over the Internet rather than locally. In the traditional, .IT to improve the storage quality of clouds. SAN provide large
resources and applications are provided in the form of scale storage infrastructure to cloud provider so that they can
products which are sold or licensed from a vendor to a user accessed their management and evolution of heterogeneous
and then exploited locally on a local computer infrastructure. SAN environment efficiently [18].

SANTA BARBARA, CA-Eucalyptus Systems, creators of the 6.2.1Need of clouds for E-Governance
most widely deployed on-premise cloud computing platform,
today revealed that open source Eucalyptus Infrastructure-as- Implementing e-governance without clouds is an old
a-Service (IaaS) s/w is the cornerstone of the e-governance technique and is not too much efficient. There are number of
cloud project in India that is delivering the power of modern
information technology (IT) to remote districts and villages

43
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

reason which make cloud computing hottest Buzzword not in In below figure, various services provided by clouds to e-
IT area but also in e-governance implementation governance has been shown. Almost every kinf of service is
provided by clouds from designing to testing, storage to
1. Data Integrity:-To deal with large data over the hosting and networking to security.
years for E-Governance applications, data should be
integrals and scalable at higher level.
2. Security Auditing: - As corruption is increasing in
government sector also, .somemechanism is needed
to keep track on e-governance worker so that no
changes in personal data of individual which is on.

S/w on
Demand
Networking

Security
Raw Storage Services provided by clouds to E-
Governance

Deployment Designing, Develop-

& Hosting ment& Testing
Scalability

Fig3: Cloud services

3. Data recovery: - clouds provides an excellent way 6.2.2 Benefits of cloud computing
of data restoring facility which might be lost due to
floods, earthquake or from any other disaster.  On-demand self-sufficient service
4. Performance and Efficiency: - An efficient e-  network access
governance is that in which lakhs of access can be  Location independent resource
done easily without decreasing the performance.  Rapid elasticity
5. Systems Integration and Legacy Software:-Not only
are the applications that are already providing
services to be moved to the cloud, but also integrate
with applications deployed in the cloud. Cloud is
built on SOA principles and can offer excellent
solutions for integration of various applications
[10].
6. Migration to New Technologies:-Technology
migration is the biggest challenge.Moving
todifferent versions of software, applying
application and security patches is the key to
maintaining a secure data center for E-Governance.
Cloud architecture efficiently enables these kinds of
requirements, by co-existing and co-locating
different versions and releases of the software at the
same time [11].

7. Environment Protection:-Air conditioner, power

usage, heat generated by powerful machines and
electronic wastage by different data centered up to
the pollution. This pollution can be minimized to
much extend by having centralized database inspire
of distributed. This is all what cloud computing do
in going green.

44
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

LC-10 LC- Labor Cost

DC-Data Centre

LC-1

DC-1 DC-1

Fig5: Data center vs. labor cost graph

Table 1: State wise websites for e-governance

CHHATTISGARH
WEBSITES DETAIL

http://agridept.cg.gov.in/ For agriculture

http://siccg.gov.in/ For any kind of information

http://ahd.cg.gov.in For animal husbandry

http://ahd.cg.gov.in For women and child development

http://www.cgdteraipur.ac.in/ For education

http://nagarnigamraipur.com/ Roads cleaning, ,propertyrecords,tax payment

http://www.cgsird.gov.in/ For rural development and panchayat

http://comtax.cg.nic.in/comtax/ For collecting income tax

http://cg.nic.in/transport/ For transport

http://health.cg.gov.in/ehealth/welcome.htm For health

HARYANA

http://jamabandi.nic.in/ For land records

Main benefit of cloud computing is that it reduces IT

laborcost [16]. In cloud computing, labor cost is almost
reduces to half as compared to traditional IT approach as here
database is centralized and not distributed.

45
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

http://haryanaforms.nic.in/transport.asp For transport

http://haryanaforms.nic.in/bd.asp For birth and death registration

http://haryanaforms.nic.in/revenue.asp For caste, ,land,income and rural certificate

http://haryanaforms.nic.in/ph.asp For sewage and water connection

http://haryana.gov.in/employee/emp.asp For employee

CHANDIGARH

http://chandigarh.nic.in/how_know-rj.htm For any kind of legal issue

http://chandigarh.nic.in/how_know-prop.htm For property details

http://mcchandigarh.gov.in/ For municipality

http://chdeducation.gov.in/ For education

http://chandigarh.nic.in/dept_agri.htm For agriculture

http://chandigarh.nic.in/dept_hlt.htm For health

http://sampark.chd.nic.in/pls/esampark_web/ For any kind of bill payments

GUJRAT

http://www.gujaratinformatics.com/ For any kind of information

http://www.egovamc.com/ For land,tax,property,roads

DAMAN AND DIU

http://daman.nic.in/flood_control/index.asp For flood disaster

daman.nic.in/citizen_charters/agriculture.pdf For agriculture

http://daman.nic.in/citizen_charters/cdpo.pdf For child development

http://daman.nic.in/citizen_charters/education.pdf For education

http://http://daman.nic.in/citizen_charters/directorate-Medical-&- For health

Health-citizen-charter.pdf

http://daman.nic.in/citizen_charters/2012/transport-citizen-charter.pdf For transport

HIMACHAL PRADESH

http://causelists.nic.in/hp/index1.html For legal issues

http://admis.hp.nic.in/himpol/Citizen/OnlineComplaints.aspx For police complaints

http://hpseb.com/mybill/ For payment of electricity bills

http://hrtc.gov.in/hrtctickets/ For transport

http://himachal.gov.in/jobportal/ For employment

46
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

ORISSA

http://www.agriorissa.org/ For agriculture

http://www.orissa.gov.in/RD/index.htm For rural development

http://www.orissa.gov.in/revenue/index.htm Revenue and disaster mgmt.

http://www.orissa.gov.in/health_portal/index.html For health

http://www.orissa.gov.in/commerce&transport/ For transport

TAMIL NADU

http://www.tn.gov.in/services/services_default.html#Agriculture For agriculture

http://www.tn.gov.in/services/services_default.html#Health For health

http://www.tn.gov.in/services/services_default.html#Higher For education

http://www.tn.gov.in/services/services_default.html#Housing For urban and rural development

UTTAR PRADESH

http://gis.up.nic.in:8080/srishti/ For district information

http://bhulekh.up.nic.in/ For land records

http://koshvani.up.nic.in/ Provides state financial health

http://rahat.up.nic.in/ For disaster management

7 CONCLUSION Technologies) services to government organizations

throughout India. Several drafts have also been passed by IT
In this paper, we have given a framework and application of department to implement E-Governance with these
E-Governance along with a list E-Governance projects run by technologies so that working, efficiency, transparency and
state and central governments. We have also proposed future security can be increased in E-Governance
technology for E-Governance with pictorial representation of
working of E-Governance with new technology. We have also 8 REFERENCES
proposed benefits of clouds with a graph showing how clouds
reduce labor cost. Implementing E-Governance without cloud [1] www.nic.in/projects
computing and open source is an old technology. Cloud [2] www.egovindia.org/egovportals.html
computing and open source is a hottest buzzword in IT sector
[3] http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets
and we should make best possible use of these emerging /omb/inforeg/egovstrategy.pdf
technology. There are number of reasons which make cloud
and open source technology so famous in E-Governance. [4] http://www.gocalne.org.uk/gobetween/Background.pdf
These technologies not only provide organization, technical [5] http://finance.yahoo.com/news/indias-national-
benefits but also provide economical benefits. E-Governance informatics-centre-builds-130000266.html
with open source is very popular in west countries but in India [6] Saurabh kumar Garg,Steve Versteeg and Raj Kumar
it is still an emerging technology. NIC is providing the Buyya, Cloud computing and Distributed
network backbone and a wide range of ICT (Information and Systems(CLOUDS), 4th IEEE/ACM International
Communication Conference:Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC 2011),
December 5-7, 2011, Melbourne, Australia.
[7] Tom Butler, Joseph Feller, Andrew Pope, Paul Barry and
Ciaran Murphy, Promoting knowledge sharing in

47
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 53– No.7, September 2012

government and non-government organizations using [9] Ake Gronlund , Thomas A. Horan, Orebo, Introducing
open source software. Oreste Signare, Franco Chesi, E-Gov: History, Definitions and Issues,
Maurizio Pallotti, CMG Italy-XIX Annual Conference, Communications of the Association for Information
7-9June 2005Florence-Italy, E-Governance: Challenges Systems (Volume 15, 2004)713-729.
and opportunities.
[10] David C. Wyld,, The Cloudy Future Of Government
[8] David M.Eyers, Ramani Routray, Rui Zhang, Douglas :Cloud Computing and the Public Sector Around the
Will cocks and Peter Pietzuch, Configuring large-scale World, International Journal of Web & Semantic
storage using a middleware with machine learning, Technology (IJWesT), Vol 1, Num 1, January 2010.
concurrency and computation: practice and experience
Concurrency Computat.: Pract. Exper. (2011), pp. 1-15

48

View publication stats