Learner Name Kavindu Shehan Muthugala

Learner Registration No. 241029026

Study Centre Name Summerset Campus

Qualification Title OTHM Level 5 Extended Diploma in Information Technology

Unit Reference No. F/617/2266

Unit Title Principles of Computer Programming

Submission Date

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 Principles of Computer Programming
Task 1 of 3 (Part 1)

Introduction:
Computer programming is an important area that entails designing and writing commands for
computer systems to execute unique tasks. Over the decades, programming has converted
societies and businesses, riding technological development and innovation. This file explores the
advantages of laptop programming, its ideas, ancient evolution, the essential additives of
programming languages, and an evaluation of present day programming languages' strengths and
limitations.

Benefits of Computer Programming:

 In Society: Computer programming has appreciably fashioned present day life. It allows
the improvement of software program packages that pressure communication, education,
healthcare, and entertainment. Applications like social media systems and video
conferencing equipment have revolutionized how human beings join globally. Similarly,
programming allows improvements in scientific research, information analysis, and the
improvement of life-saving technologies.

 In Business: Programming drives automation, decreasing human mistakes and improving

performance. Businesses use software program to manipulate operations, examine
information, and are expecting marketplace trends, main to knowledgeable decision-
making. Moreover, e-trade systems and cellular apps have opened new avenues for sales
technology and patron engagement, in large part made feasible with the aid of using
strong programming frameworks.

Principles of Computer Programming:

Computer programming is ruled with the aid of using numerous center ideas that make sure the
improvement of efficient, maintainable, and practical software program:

 Abstraction: Simplifying complicated structures with the aid of using that specialize in
high-stage systems even as hiding implementation details.
 Modularity: Dividing packages into smaller, manageable, and reusable devices or
modules
  Encapsulation: Restricting direct get admission to a few additives of an item to hold
manage and integrity.
 Algorithm Design: Creating step-with the aid of using-step answers for unique issues to
make sure performance and accuracy.
 Debugging and Testing: Systematic identity and correction of mistakes to make sure
reliability.
 Code Readability: Writing clean and well-documented code that others can apprehend
and hold.

Historical Development of Computer Programming:

The evolution of computer programming is marked by key milestones

 Early Mechanical Computers (1800s): Charles Babbage in 1884 and Ada Lovelace in
1889 were the ones who introduced the first concepts of programmable machines.

 First Generation (1940s): Machine language (binary) was used to program early
computers like ENIAC.
 Second Generation (1950s): Assembly language was developed making programming
more accessible than binary codes.
 Third Generation (1960s-1970s): High-level languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL,
and C were developed that not only allowed the programmer to keep attention away from
hardware specifics but also to concentrate on what they want to automate implementing.
 Fourth Generation (1980s-1990s): Object-oriented programming languages like Java
and Python emerged that not only simplified the complexity of systems but also led to the
reuse of code.
 Modern Era: The evolution of scripting languages, frameworks, and AI-based tools

have facilitated smooth programming significantly thus promoting quick application

development.
Fundamental Components of a Programming Language

Programming languages include many things that are essential

 Syntax: The rules and structure of the language which includes keywords, operators, and
punctuation.
 Semantics: Produces the meaningful of the statements and expressions that are
syntactically correct.

 Control Structures: The constructs, like loops, and conditionals that dictate the flow of
a program.

 Data Types: To store and manipulate information, the primitive (e.g., integers, floats)
and complex (e.g., arrays, objects) types are used.

 Libraries and Frameworks: Libraries and frameworks are defined functions and tools
that expand the potential of a programming language.

Comparison of Modern Programming Languages

Modern programming languages each have unique strengths and limitations, making them
suitable for different applications:

LANGUAGE STRENGTHS LIMITATIONS

PYTHON Easy to learn; extensive libraries; Slower execution compared to

suitable for AI, ML, and web dev. compiled languages like C++

JAVA Platform independence; strong memory Verbose syntax; higher learning

management; widely used in enterprise curve for beginners

C++ High performance; direct hardware Complex syntax; steep learning

access; suitable for game dev. curve

JAVASCRIPT Ideal for web development; versatile; Limited functionality outside

supported by all browsers web-based applications

RUBY Developer-friendly syntax; excellent for Slower runtime performance

web development (Ruby on Rails)
Emerging Trends in Programming

Modern trends in programming retain to form the enterprise and era landscape. Some key
developments include:

 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning: Programming frameworks like Tensor
Flow and PyTorch allow the advent of AI-pushed packages that automate complicated
decision-making processes.
 Low-Code and No-Code Platforms: These equipment simplify improvement for non-
programmers, decreasing the barrier to software program advent.
 Block chain Development: Languages like Solidity are mainly designed for stable
decentralized packages and clever contracts.
 Quantum Computing: New programming paradigms like Qiskit and Cirq consciousness
on quantum set of rules design.
 Cloud Computing and Server less Development: Frameworks and equipment together
with AWS Lambda and Azure simplify scalable software improvement.

Conclusion

Computer programming is a necessary area that keeps to power societal and financial progress.
Understanding its standards and records affords a basis for appreciating present day
programming languages' talents and packages. The rising developments in programming
replicate its ever-evolving nature, making sure persisted innovation and problem-fixing
throughout industries. As programming evolves, its effect on era and society will absolutely
develop further.