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Grammar Week 6

The document explains the structure and usage of conditional sentences, which consist of a conditional clause and a result clause. It details four types of conditionals: zero, first, second, and third, each serving different purposes related to real and unreal situations. Additionally, it covers mixed conditionals that combine elements of different types to express varying time references.

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Khairrahman
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8 views1 page

Grammar Week 6

The document explains the structure and usage of conditional sentences, which consist of a conditional clause and a result clause. It details four types of conditionals: zero, first, second, and third, each serving different purposes related to real and unreal situations. Additionally, it covers mixed conditionals that combine elements of different types to express varying time references.

Uploaded by

Khairrahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Speak to Lead (STL) Grammar

A conditional sentence shows a possible situation (condition) and its outcome (result). It has two parts:
1. Conditional Clause (If-clause): States the condition
2. Result Clause (Main clause): States the result of that condition
Structure:
If + condition, result
 If it rains (conditional clause), we will cancel the picnic (result clause)
1. Zero Conditional Use: To express universal truths, facts, or things that always happen under certain conditions
(real and possible in any time).
Structure:
If + Present Simple, Present Simple
 If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
 If water reaches 0°C, it freezes.
Note: You can replace “if” with “when” in many zero conditionals.
2. First Conditional Use: To talk about real and possible future situations and their likely results.
Structure:
If + Present Simple, will + Base Verb
 If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.
 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.
Note: You can also use modal verbs (can, may, might, should) instead of “will.”
 If you hurry, you might catch the bus.
3. Second Conditional Use: To express unreal, imaginary, or unlikely situations in the present or future.
Structure:
If + Past Simple, would + Base Verb
 If I were rich, I would travel the world.
 If he studied more, he would get better grades.
Note:
 With “I/he/she/it,” we often use “were” instead of “was” in formal English.
 If I were you, I would apologize.
4. Third Conditional Use: To express unreal situations in the past—something that didn't happen, but we imagine
the result.
Structure:
If + Past Perfect, would have + Past Participle
 If she had studied, she would have passed the exam.
 If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
Note: This is often used to express regret or criticism about the past.

Mixed conditionals are used when the time in the "if-clause" and the time in the main clause are different. They
combine elements of second and third conditionals to describe unreal situations with different time references.
There are two common types of mixed conditionals:
1. Past → Present Use: To show that something in the past affects the present. An unreal past condition with an
imagined present result.
Structure:
If + past perfect, would + base verb
 If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now. (But I didn’t study medicine, so I am not a doctor now.)
2. Present → Past Use: To show that a present situation caused something different in the past. An unreal present
condition with an imagined past result.
Structure:
If + past simple, would have + past participle
 If I were smarter, I would have passed the test. (I am not smart now, so I failed the test in the past.)

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