aleqsandre wulaZe *

sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

winamdebare statiis mizania miawodos mkiTxvels informacia sasamarTlo

mediaciis Tanamedrove modelis Sesaxeb da SesTavazos maT misi samomavlo
ganviTarebis xedva. avtoris mosazrebiT, sasamarTlo mediaciis Tanamedro-
ve modelis warmatebiT ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia SemuSavdes garkveu-
li strategia, romelic unda efuZnebodes rogorc warsuli gamocdilebis,
aseve, qarTul marTlmsajulebaSi arsebuli mdgomareobisa da miRebuli re-
komendaciebis analizs. gamomdinare aqedan, statia mimoixilavs rogorc sa-
qarTveloSi morigebiT samarTlebrivi davebis gadawyvetis kulturas, aseve
sasamarTlo mediaciis danergvidan dRemde miRweul Sedegebsa da eqsperte-
bis mier SemuSavebul daskvnebs (rekomendaciebs). amasTan, avtoris xedviT
mediaciis kulturis saqarTveloSi danergvisaTvis udidesi praqtikuli da
simboluri mniSvneloba aqvs ilia Wav Wa va Zis mier gamoTqmul mosazrebebs
da Sexedulebebs. Sesabamisad, swored ili as naazrevsa da mis faseulobeb-
ze dayrnobiT statiaSi mocemulia daskvna qarTuli marTlmsajulebisaTvis
warmatebuli mediaciis institutis arsebobis mniSvnelobaze da xedva amis
misaRwevad.

sakvanZo sityvebi: sasamarTlo mediacia, mediaciis modeli, mediaciis

kultura, ilia Wav Wa va Ze rogorc mediatori, mediaciis konceptualuri
xedva.

1. Sesavali

ukanaskneli 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi qarTulma marTlmsajulebam sakmaod bevri –

didi Tu mcire masStabis – cvlileba ganicada, rasac, bunebrivia, xarvezebic axlda
Tan. axali samarTlebrivi institutis danergva gamowvevaa, romlis warmatebiT Tavis
garTmevisaTvis mxolod ucxo qveynis an saerTaSoriso organizaciis mier momzadebu-
li modeluri kanonis, strategiis an ganxorcielebis samoqmedo gegmis `gadmotana~ ar
aris sakmarisi, miT ufro, roca arc raime universaluri formula arsebobs mediaciis
institutis warmatebiT danergvisaTvis. swored amitom winamdebare statiaSi morige-
biT davebis gadawyvetis istoriuli gamocdilebis, sasamarTlo mediaciis oTxi wlis
Sedegebisa da mediaciis Tanamedrove modelTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli rekomenda-
ciebis ganxilvis mizani saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo mediaciis sayrdeni ideis, ganviTa-
rebis veqtorisa da Sedegis misaRwevad saWiro xedvis gansazRvraa.

*
Tsu-is iurdiuli fakultetis doqtoranti, mowveuli leqtori.

161
 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi mesame neitraluri piris daxmarebiT kon-

fliqtis mSvidobiani regulireba didi xania cnobilia, Tanamedrove mediacia, ro-
gorc davis gadawyvetis alternatiuli saSualeba, mxolod da mxolod sawyis etapzea.
2011 wlis 20 dekembers saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi Sevida cvlileba,
romelic pirvelad Seexo moqmedi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsisaTvis ucnob samar-
Tlebriv instituts – sasamarTlo mediacias.1 es cvlileba mediaciis Tanamedrove mo-
delis danergvis mizniT gadadgmuli pirveli nabiji iyo, rac TavisTavad istoriuli
faqtia. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis Semdeg qarTul samarTlebriv sivrceSi interesi
mediaciis mimarT mniSvnelovnad gaizarda, razec, 2012 wlidan moyolebuli, Tbilisis
saqalaqo sasamarTloSi mediaciis piloturi proeqtis dawyeba, mediaciis Tematikaze
Catarebuli sxvadasxva samecniero RonisZieba, gamoqveynebuli samecniero statiebi
da mediatorTa asociaciebis daarsebac metyvelebs.
Sesabamisad, Tu vTanxmdebiT sasamarTlo mediaciis institutis mniSvnelobasa da
rogorc kerZo, ise sajaro samarTlis davebis sferoSi misi daxmarebiT davis gadawyve-
tis efeqturobaze, dgeba saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo mediaciis politikis Tvalsazri-
siT garkveuli xedvisa da principebis SemuSavebis saWiroeba.

2. morigebiT davebis gadawyvetis istoriuli gamocdileba

qarTul samarTalSi

a. morigeba qarTul CveulebiT samarTalSi

ramdenadac qarTul CveulebiT samarTalSi TviTmmarTvelobebi aerTianebdnen

jer kidev gaumijnav sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebel da sasamarTlo xelisuflebebs,2
rTulia, visaubroT qarTul CveulebiT samarTalSi arsebul mediaciaze, rogorc wmin-
da sasamarTlo institutze,3 miT ufro, masze, rogorc kerZosamarTlebrivi davebis
gadawyvetis meqanizmze.4 aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom qarTuli CveulebiTi samarTliT
ar arsebobda mesame neitraluri piris – mediatorisa da mosamarTlis – erTmaneTisagan
ise mkacrad gamijnuli funqciebi, rogorc es Tanamedrove marTlmsajulebaSia. amis
damadasturebeli, erTi mxriv, samosamarTleo samsaxurSi myof im pirTa dasaxelebaTa
siuxvecaa, romelTa funqciebSi, sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, davebis mSvidobiani gadawy-
vetac Sedioda: rjulis kaci,5 msajuli, mdivanbegi, bWe-mediatori6, morevi,7 xevisberi
da a.S. `mixeil kekelias dakvirvebiT, sityva mediators XIX saukunis damdegamde qar-
1
ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/index.php?option=com–ldmssearch&view=docView&id=29962>, [10.10.2015].
2
qarTuli CveulebiTi samarTali, tomi 4, mT. red. m.kekelia, 1993, 165.
3
iqve, 167.
4
CveulebiTi samarTliT saqarTveloSi moqmedi momrigebeli mediatorebi ufro xSirad da
efeqtianad swored sisxlissamarTlebriv davebze gvevlinebian.
5
daviTaSvili g., sasamarTlo organizacia da procesi qarTul CveulebiT samarTalSi, Tb.,
2004, 34.
6
`bWe – sadavo saqmis gansaxilvelad arCeuli mosamarTle – mediatori~, qarTuli enis
ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, erTtomeuli, Tb., 1986.
7
dawvrilebiT ix. wulukiani a., svanuri bWe-mediatoruli sasamarTlo, Jurn. `saxelmwifo
da samarTali~, №9, 1990, 60.
162
 aleqsandre wulaZe, sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

Tuli sinamdvile ar icnobs. am sityvas mxolod 1802 wlidan vxvdebiT~ – aRniSnavs sa-
marTlis istoriis mkvlevari g. daviTaSvili sakuTar naSromSi;8 meore mxriv, is faqti,
rom zemoT CamoTvlil pirebs gadawyvetilebis miRebis uflebamosileba hqondaT, ra
drosac isini mTlianad eyrdnobodnen `Zvel anderZebs~,9 anu precedentul samarTals,
miuTiTebs maT ara mxolod morigebis xelSemwyobTa, aramed gadawyvetilebis mimRebis
piris rolzec. miuxedavad udavod didi gansxvavebisa, Tanamedrove mediatorebsa da
bWe-mediatorebs Soris msgavsebac bevri aspeqtiT arsebobs, maT Soris: arCevis wesi
– is, rom mediatori orive mxarisaTvis misaRebi pirovneba unda yofiliyo; morigebis
msvlelobisas saerTo da individualuri Sexvedrebis Catareba; morigebis misaRwevad
ara erTi, aramed ramdenime Sexvedris gamarTva; morigebis procesSi gamxelili infor-
maciis saidumlod Senaxva da aS.10
CveulebiT samarTalSi arsebuli samediacio institutebis garda, saqarTvelos
teritoriaze 1864 wels ruseTis imperiaSi gatarebuli sasamarTlos reformis Sede-
gad Semotanili momrigebeli mosamarTlis institutic amoqmedda.11 momrigebel mo-
samarTleTa iurisdiqcia samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebze vrceldeboda,12 romelTa
davis sagani 500 maneTs ar aRemateboda da, ZiriTadad, piradi Seuracxyofis, wyenis,
sakuTrebis uflebis aRdgenis, mcire danaSaulis Cadenis (iseTze, romelzec mosamar-
Tles ar SeeZlo 300 maneTze meti jarimis dakisreba) gamo gamowveul davebs ganixilav-
dnen. SesaZloa, gaugebari iyos mkiTxvelisaTvis, ra SuaSia momrigebeli mosamarTle-
oba mediaciasaTan, rac arcTu ise usafuZvlo kiTxvaa, Tumca, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT
did msgavsebas momrigebel mosamarTlesa da mediaciis institutebs Soris (miznebs,
upiratesobebs, amocanebsa da msvlelobis process), SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom momrigebe-
li mosamarTleoba mediaciis erT-erTi formaa. swored am mizeziT dRemde aSS-sa da
germaniis federalur respublikaSi terminebi: `mediatori~ da `momrigebeli mosamar-
Tle~ sinonimebad gamoiyeneba, xolo maT servisebs, davis gadawyvetis alternatiul
saSualebebs, saerTo programis farglebSi sTavazoben momxmarebels sasamarTloebi.13
bunebrivia, rusuli wesebis SemoRebam bWe-mediatorebis funqciebi etapobrivad
Sekveca saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze, magram maTi arseboba karg winapirobas qmni-
da me-19 saukunis saqarTveloSi momrigebeli sasamarTloebis dasamkvidreblad, xolo
orive erTad – Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi. samarTlebrivi davebis mSvidobiani mori-
geba qarTuli samarTlisaTvis kargad nacnobi da saukunovani istoriuli gamocdile-
bis mqone institutia. udavoa, rom igi aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda saqarTvelos TiTqmis
8
daviTaSvili g., sasamarTlo organizacia da procesi qarTul CveulebiT samarTalSi, Tb.,
2004, 5.
9
qarTuli CveulebiTi samarTali, tomi 4, mT. red. m. kekelia, 1993, 168. Semdgomi miTiTebiT:
jalabaZe d., masalebi fSavis CveulebiT samarTalze, 73.
10
wulukiani a., svanuri bWe-mediatoruli sasamarTlo, Jurn. `saxelmwifo da samarTali~,
№9, 1990, 67.
11
ix. <http://www.bibliotekar.ru/teoria-gosudarstva-i-prava-6/187.htm>, [11.09.2015].
12
giorgaZe i., gurgeniZe n., ilia WavWavaZe: cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis matiane, bibliog-
rafiuli qronika – 1837-1907, Tb., 1987, 48.
13
kaliforniis sasamarTlos davis gadawyvetis programebi, dawvrilebiT ix. <http://www.
cand.uscourts.gov/adr>, [09.11.2015].
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 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

yvela kuTxeSi da organulad iyo Serwymuli Cvens kulturasaTan. Sesabamisad, Tana-

medrove davis gadawyvetis saSualebebis dizainze, modelsa Tu formaze fiqrisas au-
cilebelia, saTanado yuradReba ara mxolod ucxour gamocdilebas daeTmos, aramed
Cveni adgilobrivi CveulebiTi samarTlisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSan-Tvisebebsac.
rac Seexeba momrigebel mosamarTleTa instituts da, zogadad, rusuli aneqsiis
periodSi moqmed davis gadawyvetis saSualebebs, SesaZloa, is saerTod ar gamxdariyo
winamdebare statiis ganxilvis sagani, rom ara erTi mniSvnelovani faqti – erT-erT
momrigebeli mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze ilia WavWavaZe iqna ganwesebuli.

b. qarTuli mediaciis ilia WavWavaZiseuli koncefcia

ilia WavWavaZis avtoritetis, azrovnebis siRrmisa da analizis unaris gaTva-

liswinebiT gaugebari ar unda iyos samarTlebrivi uTanxmoebebis mesame neitraluri
piris daxmarebiT mSvidobianad gadawyvetis Sesaxeb ilia WavWavaZis Sexedulebebis xe-
laxla wamowevis da zedapirze amotanis survili, raTa kidev erTxel xazi gavusvaT,
erTi mxriv, qarTuli samarTlebrivi cnobierebisa da kulturis istoriuli ganviTa-
rebis simaRles, xolo, meore mxriv, Tanamedrove sivrceSi am institutis xelaxla, war-
matebiT damkvidrebaSi momrigebeli mosamarTlis rangSi ilia WavWavaZis saqmianobis,
rogorc brwyinvale magaliTis, mniSvnelobas.
1868 wlis 1 Tebervals14 ilia WavWavaZe, ruseTis mefisnacvlis sammarTvelos
brZanebiT dainiSna momrigebel mosamarTled.15 yuradRebas ipyrobs is faqtic, rom
momrigebeli mosamarTleoba ar yofila pirveli pozicia, saidanac ilia WavWavaZe da-
vebis mSvidobian daregulirebas cdilobda. kerZod, iqamde, 1964 wlis 8 noembers ilia
dainiSna Tbilisis mazris momrigebel Suamavlad, sadac misi samuSao ubnebi iyo gare-
kaxeTi da mcxeTis ubani.16 Tbilisis mazridan is maleve duSeTis raionSi gadaiyvanes
imave poziciaze. momrigebeli Suamavlis movaleobas im xanad Seadgenda Tavadaznau-
robasa da glexebs Soris glexTa reformis gatarebiT gamowveuli konfliqtebisa da
daZabulobis mogvareba, memamuleTa da glexTa nakveTebis gamijvna-dazusteba, ga-
rigebis sigelebis Sedgena, ris gamoc ilias daniSvnis dRidan mouwia duSeTis mazris
soflebSi siaruli kancelariis `mweralTan~ erTad.17
ilia WavWavaZis saxeli uamravi institutisa Tu novaciis damkvidrebas ukavSir-
deba, maT Soris erT-erTi swored morigebiT samarTlebrivi davebis damTavrebis sa-
kiTxia, rac arcTu ise xSirad yofila xazgasmuli maSin, roca sasamarTlo sistemaSi
ilia WavWavaZis Rvawlzea saubari. is ara mxolod praqtikosi mediatori (rogorc ne-

14
giorgaZe i., gurgeniZe n., ilia WavWavaZe: cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis matiane, biblio-
grafiuli qronika – 1837-1907, Tb., 1987, 48.
15
aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom ruseTis imperiis garkveul nawilebSi momrigebl mosamar-
Tleebs xalxi Tavad irCevda avtoritetul pirTagan. samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi es wesi
ar moqmedebda.
16
giorgaZe i., gurgeniZe n., ilia WavWavaZe: cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis matiane, biblio-
grafiuli qronika – 1837-1907, Tb., 1987, 44.
17
Tsk, t. IX, 309.
164
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itraluri mSvidobismyofeli) iyo, aramed didad irjeboda saqarTveloSi mediaciis

(morigebiT saqmeTa damTavrebis) kulturis damkvidrebisaTvis, razec mis mier am sa-
kiTxTan dakavSirebiT gamoqveynebuli statiebi da publikaciebi metyvelebs, romelTa
Soris, gansakuTrebiT, aRsaniSnavia: `morigeba saqarTveloSi~, `momrigebeli mosamar-
Tloba CvenSi~, `samarTali mswrafli da marTali~, `sasamarTloebi CvenSi~, `momrigebe-
li sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~.
ilias damokidebuleba momrigeblobis mimarT kargad Cans 1886 wlis 19 aprils
gazeT `iveriaSi~ gamoqveynebul statiaSi – `momrigebeli sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~,
sadac is 30 momrigeblis damatebas qarTuli marTlmsajulebisaTvis didi mniSvnelo-
bis faqtad afasebs. kerZod, ilia werda: `rac ufro cxovreba win midis, urTierToba
kacTa Soris miT ufro rTuli xdeba, aReb-micemoba cxoveldeba da momrigebelis sa-
samarTlos mniSvnelobac hmatulobs. sasamarTlos saqmeebi emateba da mcire ricxvi
sasamarTloebisa veRar akmayofilebs adgilis marTlmsajulebis saWiroebas. xolo
Tu marTlmsajuleba ise xelmoklea, rom vera swvdeba adgilis saWiroebas, Tu am xel-
mokleobis gamo yvelas ar SeuZlian advilad da swrafad mihmarTos marTlmsajule-
bas simarTlis aRsadgenad, cxovreba sanatrelis gziT veRar iwarmoebs, yoveldRiu-
ri mimdinareoba misi Seferxdeba da es Seferxeba uwinares yovlisa daetyoba xalxis
ekonomikur yofa-cxovrebas da zneobrivs mdgomareobas. xalxs swrafi da martivi,
uformaluro samarTali sWiria. darRveul uflebasa mswrafl aRdgineba unda.~ aRniS-
nuli sakiTxi dResac iseTive aqtualuria, rogorc me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi iyo.
dResac wlobiT iweleba samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi davebi da gadatvirTulia sasamar-
Tloebi momlodine saqmeebiT.18 aRniSnuli situaciidan gamosavlad dResac mosamar-
TleTa damatebas miiCneven19 da ara momrigeblebis, romelTa raodenobis zrdas, ilias
mosazrebiT, Seswevs Zala, xalxs samarTali dauaxlovdes.20 amasTan, samwuxaroa, rom
sasamarTlos winaSe mdgari imave gamowvevebis gadawyvetis gzad saqarTvelos iusti-
ciis sabWos moqmedi Semadgenloba ufro aqtiurad ar ganixilavs momrigebelTa – me-
diatorTa da samediacio centrebis Seqmnis SesaZleblobas, romlis aseTi guliTadi
momxre iyo ilia WavWavaZe. `muSa kacis dRe yoveli misTvis lukma-puris Sovnis saxsa-
ria, amitomac Sors siaruli, samarTlis dagvianeba, wasvla-mosvla, romelsac garda
amisa xarjic mosdevs, xalxisaTvis didi ziania. raki kacs ase gauWirda saqme, rom mTe-
li weliwadi samarTlis karzed itrialos, maSin xom saxl-kars, col-Svils unda Tavi
daanebos da es mocdena ki cota zarals moutans!~, `xalxs dava ki ar uyvars, davis male
gaTaveba swyuria~. faqtobrivad, am winadadebebSi ayalibebs ilia WavWavaZe sasamar-
Tlos, rogorc marTlmsajulebis ganmaxorcielebeli organos, momsaxurebis gawevis
koncefcias, kerZod, morigebiT davis droulad da efeqtianad gadawyvetisaTvis pri-
oritetis miniWebis aucileblobas. amave sakiTxs ukavSirdeba 1883 wlis 10 marts №51
gazeT `droebaSi~ ilia WavWavaZis mier gamoqveynebuli statia `samarTali mwrafli da
18
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos statistikuri monacemebi, ix. <http://www.supremecourt.
ge/statistics/>, [10.11.2015].
19
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba 100 mosamarTlis damatebis
Sesaxeb, ix. <http://www.ipress.ge/new/7577-raionul-saqalaqo-sasamartloebs-100dan-150mde-mosamartle-
daemateba>, [10.11.2015].
20
WavWavaZe i., momrigebeli sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb, gazeTi `iveria~, 1886, №86.
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 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

marTali~. rogorc saTauridanve Cans, am statiaSi ilia WavWavaZe dayovnebiT ganxor-

cielebuli marTlmsajulebis naklovanebebze saubrobs, sadac arapirdapir miuTi-
Tebs `gawelili~ marTlmsajulebis pirobebSi mogebuli mxaris warmatebis `moCvenebi-
Tobazec~: `vTqvaT, Sen sasamarTloSi uCivle da Sensas iTxov. ra azri unda Seadgino
Sen im samarTalze, romelic jer ramdenime Tve erTs instanciaze SegaCerebs, mere – me-
oreze, mesameze da erTis, oris wlis Semdeg getyvis: Seni yofila, RmerTma mSvidobaSi
mogaxmaros, waiReo~, xolo sakuTar publicistur werilebSi ilia miuTiTebs, rom `mo-
metebulma nawilma xalxisam kanoni ar icis, mometebuli nawili ver itans formalobas,
pativs scems marto namdvils simarTlesa da ufrTxildeba dros; xalxisaTvis ufro is
aris sanatreli, rom saqme swrafad gauTavdes xolme da saqmis ganaCenebi damyarebuli
iyos maszed, rac TviTon xalxis mosazrebiT simarTled aris cnobili.~21
samwuxarod, erTi mxriv, morigebebis konfidencialuri xasiaTidan gamomdinare,
meore mxriv, saqarTvelos erovnul saistorio arqivSi dacul sakancelario masalaTa
(informaciuli TvalsazrisiT) simwiridan gamomdinare, ver moxerxda ilia WavWavaZis
mier uSualod Catarebuli morigebis procesis msvlelobis amsaxveli bevri masalis
mopoveba, Tumca dacul masalaTa Soris napovni iqna ori saqme, romlebzec ilia WavWa-
vaZem warmatebiT moaxerxa mxareTa morigeba. pirveli maTgani mRvdel Sio barnabaSvil-
sa da filipe arganaSvils Soris arsebuli dava iyo: `me, momrigebelma mosamarTlem,
davarwmune orive mxare am saqmis mSvidobiani SeTanxmebiT damTavrebaSi, SeTanxmeba-
Si maszed, rom arganaSvili gadauxdida mRvdels xuTi maneTis nacvlad oTx maneTs da
daubrunebda cxvars. amaze maT gamoxates Tavisi Tanxmoba.~22 Sesabamisad, ilia WavWa-
vaZem Sewyvita saqmiswarmoeba da gadasca igi arqivs Sesanaxad; meore saqmis masalebi-
dan irkveva, rom urmis soflis mcxovrebma Tiko qoCoraSvilma Tavisi qmris – qucika
qoCoraSvilis mruSi cxovrebis gamo gancxadebiT mimarTa sasamarTlos. `davarwmune
bralmdebeli da braldebulebi am saqmis morigebiT damTavrebasa da erTmaneTisaTvis
miyenebuli wyenisa da Seuracxyofis patiebaSi, colisa da qmaris ojaxuri uflebebisa
da movaleobebis siwmidis srulad aRdgenaSi. bralmdebelma da braldebulebma gamo-
xates TavianTi Tanxmoba Cems Segonebaze da Serigdnen ra, iTxoves am saqmis daviwyebas
micema da warmoebiT Sewyveta. wera-kiTxvis ucodinarobis gamo xeli ar moaweres,~23 –
gvamcnobs saqmis Canaweri. is, rom ilia WavWavaZe morigebas sistematurad iyenebda da
warmatebiT arTmevda Tavs, kargad Cans istoriul arqivSi darCenili sakancelario Ca-
nawerebidanac, Tumca maTSi ar aris mocemuli saqmis uSualo garemoebebisa da mxareTa
Soris sadavo sagnis Sesaxeb informacia.24
me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze moqmedi momrigebeli
mosamarTlisa da Tanamedrove sasamarTlo mediaciis institutebis msgavsebis gaTva-
liswinebiT, SeiZleba Tamamad ewodos ilia WavWavaZes qarTuli mediaciis flagmani,
21
WavWavaZe i., momrigebeli mosamarTleoba CvenSi, werili meeqvse, publicisturi werilebi,
tomi IV, Tb., 1987, 359.
22
ix. 1968 wlis 23 seqtembiris oqmi, №289-1 saqmeze, daculi saqarTvelos erovnul
saistorio arqivSi.
23
ix. 1868 wlis 23 ivlisis oqmi №128 saqmeze, daculi saqarTvelos erovnul saistorio
arqivSi.
24
ix.: №f.8-1-2284, №f.31-1-27, № f.31-1-211, № f.31-1-20268 da№ f.31-1-20650 folderebi,
daculi saqarTvelos erovnul saistorio arqivSi.
166
 aleqsandre wulaZe, sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

miT umetes, rom Tanamedrove ganviTarebul qveynebSi iurist mediatorTa umravleso-

ba yofili da moqmedi mosamarTlea.25

3. sasamarTlo mediacia kanonmdeblobis miRebidan oTxi wlis Semdeg

2011 wlis 21 noembers saqarTvelos parlamentSi inicirebul iqna `saqarTvelos

zogierT sakanonmdeblo aqtSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb~26 sakanonmdeblo paketi,
romlis mTavari sakiTxi sasamarTlo sistemaSi mediaciis institutis Semotana iyo,
inicirebuli normis ganmartebiTi baraTis mixedviT, `kanonproeqtis miRebis mizezia
davis gadawyvetis alternatiuli saSualebis – mediaciis institutis damkvidreba,
rac xels Seuwyobs mxareTa Soris davis aRmofxvras maTi SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad da
sazogadoebis TviTSegnebis amaRlebas, raTa dava moagvaron urTierTSeTanxmebiT ara-
sasamarTlo gziT~, xolo kanonproeqtis miznad raionul (saqalaqo) da saapelacio sa-
samarTloebSi swrafi da efeqturi marTlmsajulebis uzrunvelyofa, modave mxareTa
Soris davis urTierTSeTanxmebiT dasrulebis xelSewyoba dasaxelda.27
zemoxsenebuli kanonproeqti maleve, 2011 wlis 20 dekembers, iqna miRebuli, xo-
lo amoqmedda 2012 wlis 1 ianvars. imisaTvis, rom naTeli gaxdes kanonis amoqmedebidan
oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi miRweuli Sedegebis gaumjobesebis resursi (potenciali) sa-
kanonmdeblo normebSia Tu axali institutis damkvidrebis mizniT gatarebuli poli-
tikis ganxorcielebaSi (administrirebaSi), saWiroa orive maTganis – kanonmdeblobisa
da praqtikis – cal-calke ganxilva.

a. sasamarTlo mediaciis momwesrigebeli kanonmdeblobis analizi

sasamarTlo mediaciis maregulirebeli normebis miRebiT dasaxuli miznis miR-

wevisaTvis saWiro iyo, SemuSavebul samarTlebriv normebs moexdinaT mediaciis ga-
moyenebis stimulireba ise, rom ar Selaxuliyo mediaciis arsi; daculi yofiliyvnen
procesSi monawile pirebi da gamJRavnebuli informacia, magram ar momxdariyo proce-
sis zedmeti regulireba; morigebis efeqturi aRsrulebisaTvis SemuSavebuliyo os-
taturi da dabalansebuli samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi. imisTvis, rom CamoTvlili sa-
kiTxebis analizi SesaZlebeli gaxdes, saWiroa Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilva:

1. mediaciis cneba

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis XXI1 Tavi – `sasamarTlo mediacia~

ar moicavs mediaciis ganmartebas, miTiTebas am procesSi mesame neitraluri piris
rolze, mxareTa mier procesis Sedegis kontrolis sakiTxsa da mediatoris stilze.
CamoTvlil sakiTxebs arc sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mier miRebuli romelime norma-

25
aRniSnulis dasturia saerTaSoriso samediacio organizaciaTa mier licenzirebul
mediatorTa siebi, mag: <www.jamsadr.org>, [05.11.2015].
26
ix. <http://parliament.ge/ge/law/7675/15264>, [11.24.2015].
27
kanonproeqtis ganmartebiTi baraTi ix. <http://parliament.ge/ge/law/7675/15264>, [11.24.2015].
167
 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

tiuli aqti aregulirebs. Sesabamisad, dRemde mxolod moqmed mediatorTa profesio-

nalizmsa da keTilsindisierebazea damokidebuli bevri iseTi sakiTxi, romlebic, ro-
gorc wesi, mediaciis cnebiT aris xolme gansazRvruli, mag.: rogori stilis mediaciis
process Caatarebs igi, moaxdens Tu ara morigebis pirobebis SeTavazebas mxareebisaT-
vis da a.S.

2. procesis wamowyeba

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 1873 muxlis28 mixedviT, sasamarTlo

mediaciis wamowyeba SesaZlebelia nebismieri davaze mxareTa Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, xo-
lo mosamarTlis ganCinebiT:
a) saojaxo davebze, garda Svilad ayvanisa, Svilad ayvanis baTilad cnobisa, mSob-
lis uflebis SezRudvisa da mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevisa;
b) samemkvidreo samarTlebriv davebze;
g) samezoblo samarTlebriv davebze.
Sesabamisad, kanonmdebelma procesis wamowyebasTan dakavSirebiT, SeiZleba iT-
qvas, airCia Sualeduri midgoma, rac gulisxmobs, rom man mxolod sami kategoriis saq-
meze dauSva savaldebulo mediacia, xolo danarCen SemTxvevaSi is mxareTa nebayoflo-
biT SeTanxmebis sagnad datova. saintereso detali qarTuli sasamarTlo mediaciis
maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobisa aris samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 1873 muxlis29
me-2 punqtis daTqma, rom mxolod nebayoflobiTi mediaciis, anu mxolod mxareTa Tan-
xmobis, SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba dava gadaeces mediacias nebismier stadiaze, rac niSnavs,
rom savaldebulo mediaciis Sesaxeb ganCinebis miReba mosamarTles mxolod mosamza-
debel etapze SeuZlia da ara nebismierze. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom sssk-is 1871 muxlis
mixedviT, mediatorisaTvis saqmis gadacemis Sesaxeb ganCineba ar gasaCivrdeba. Sesaba-
misad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli kanonmdebloba mediaciis instituts, ufro kon-
kretulad ki savaldebulo mediacias, aRiqvams rogorc sasamarTloSi saqmiswarmoebis
procesis nawils. is faqti, rom garkveuli kategoriis davebi savaldebulo mediacias
gadaecema ise, rom mxareebs am ganCinebis gasaCivrebis uflebac ar aqvT, konstituciiT
garantirebuli sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis uflebis SezRudva ki ara, sasamarTlos ad-
ministrirebis procesSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebaa. amgvar damokidebulebas araerTi30
qveynis sasamarTlo icnobs, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi saWiroa saerTo sasamarTloebis mar-
Tlmsajulebis politikis SemmuSavebeli organos – saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi
sabWos gadawyvetilebiT misi mowesrigeba. `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTve-
los organuli kanonis 49-e muxlis pirveli punqtis `e~ qvepunqtis mixedviT, `saqarTve-
los iusticiis sabWo SeimuSavebs da amtkicebs saerTo sasamarTloebis organizaciuli
muSaobis wess,31 xolo saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos reglamentis me-9 mux-
lis `z~ da `u~ qvepunqtis mixedviT, iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo amtkicebs saerTo sasa-
28
ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/29962?geo=on#>, [03.11.2015].
29
iqve.
30
ix. aSS-is sasamarTlo mediaciis wesebi, <http://www.cand.uscourts.gov/overview>, [11.05.2015],
an avstraliis sasamarTlo mediaciis wesebi, <http://www.ag.gov.au/LegalSystem/Alternate Di-
sputeResolution/Pages/NADRACPublications-A-Z.aspx>, [11.05.2015].
31
ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/90676>, [12.12.2015].
168
 aleqsandre wulaZe, sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

marTloebis organizaciuli muSaobis wess da iRebs gadawyvetilebebs saerTo sasamar-

Tloebis sistemis gamarTul funqcionirebasa da administrirebasTan dakavSirebul
sakiTxebze.32 Sesabamisad, iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo sasamarTlo mediaciis organiza-
ciuli muSaobisa da saqmianobis wesis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebiT, uzrunvelyofda
sasamarTlo mediaciis integrirebas saqarTvelos sasamarTlo sistemaSi.

3. konfidencialobis dacvis sakiTxi

sasamarTlo mediaciis procesi mxareebisaTvis usafrTxoa, upirveles yovlisa,

imiT, rom morigebis miuRwevlobis SemTxvevaSi mediacia maTTvis zianis momtani ar aris
informaciis gamJRavnebis mxriv. konfidencialoba, rogorc instituti, sasargeblo
da sainteresoa mxareebisTvis, romelTac ar surT ojaxis wevrTan, TanamSromelTan
Tu partniorTan arsebuli konfliqtis sajaro sivrceSi (sasamarTloSi) gatana. mas
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs mediaciis Semadgeneli komponentebis: komunikaciis ga-
umjobesebisa da informaciis Segrovebis procesis jerovani warmarTvisaTvis. metic,
vinaidan sasamarTlo procesisagan gansxvavebiT mediaciis dros mediatori cdilobs
mxareTa gansxvavebuli an saerTo, magram ara urTierTsawinaaRmdego, samarTlebri-
vi, fsiqosocialuri da materialuri interesebis erTmaneTSi `gadaTamaSebiT~ ipovos
ormxrivad sasargeblo gamosavali, konfidencialobis dacvis sakiTxi aseve did gav-
lenas axdens mediaciis mesame Semadgenel komponentze – SemoqmedebiTi gamosavlis
povnaze. aqedan gamomdinare, mxareTa realuri saWiroebebis gagebis mizniT, sasamar-
Tlo mediaciis efeqturad warmarTvisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom mediators hqondes
SesaZlebloba yovelgvari infromaciis Segrovebisa, maT Soris, konfidencialuris.
sapirispirod, Tu sasamarTlo sistema ver uzrunvelyofs konfidencialuri infor-
maciis gavrcelebisagan saTanado dacvas, is SesaZloa, mniSvnelovani zianis momtani
gaxdes mxareebisaTvis. konfidencialuri informaciis dacvis saTanado garantiebis
gareSe, rogorc wesi, mediaciis procesSi mxareebi ar amxelen maTTvis sensitiur in-
formacias misi gavrcelebis SiSiT, Sesabamisad, SeuZlebeli xdeba sadavo sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT mTliani suraTis aRqma. swored amitom konfidencialobis dacva media-
ciis procesis erT-erTi mTavari sayrdenia da misi dacvis uzrunvelyofis gareSe war-
moudgenelia mediaciis jerovani procesis Catareba. es sakiTxi gaTvaliswinebul iqna
qarTveli kanonmdeblebis mierac, rac kargad Cans saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproce-
so kodeqsis 104-e, 141-e da 1878-e muxlebiT. kerZod, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
104-e muxlis mixedviT, sasamarTlo mtkicebulebad ar miiRebs sasamarTlo mediaciis
procesSi konfidencialobis pirobiT gamJRavnebul informaciasa da dokuments, Tu
mxareTa SeTanxmebiT sxva ram ar aris dadgenili.33 imave muxlis 1-li2 punqtiT es wesi ar
gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamJRavnebul informacias an dokuments sasamarTloSi
waradgens is mxare, romelmac gaamJRavna igi, an Tu es informacia an dokumenti meore
mxares hqonda, an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saSualebebiT miiRo da waradgina sa-
samarTloSi.34 rac Seexeba sssk-is 187-e8 muxls, is ukrZalavs rogorc mxareebs, ise me-

32
ix. <http://hcoj.gov.ge/ge/legal-framework/varios>, [12.12.2015].
33
ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/29962?geo=on#>, [03.11.2015].
34
iqve.
169
 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

diators mediaciis procesSi gamxelili informaciis gavrcelebas, xolo sssk-is 141-e

muxliT mediatori ar SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnes mowmed iseT garemoebebTan dakavSire-
biT, romlebic misTvis cnobili gaxda mediatoris movaleobis Sesrulebisas. sainte-
resoa is faqtic, rom gansxvavebiT germaniasa35 da amerikis zogierT StatSi36 arsebuli
regulaciebisgan, qarTuli kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs gamonaklis SemTxvevebs
zemoaRniSnuli moTxovnidan, rac garkveulwilad TanxvedraSia, aseve, `samoqalaqo da
komerciul saqmeebze mediaciis garkveuli aspeqtebis Sesaxeb~ evropul direqtivas-
Tanac.37 kerZod, miuxedavad im faqtisa, rom direqtivis preambulasa da teqstSi xazi
aqvs gasmuli konfidencialobis mniSvnelobas mediaciis procesisaTvis, aqtis me-7
muxlis pirveli punqti iTvaliswinebs misgan gamonaklis SemTxvevebsac – Tu konfiden-
cialuri informacia qveynis sajaro wesrigs, konkretulad ki bavSvis interesebs an
morigebis aqtis aRsrulebas Seexeba. Tumca imave muxlis meore punqti aniWebs ufle-
bamosilebas xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs, miiRon kidev ufro mkacri wesebi konfiden-
cialobis dasacavad, vidre es TviT direqtivaSia; vinaidan evrokavSiris direqtiviT
konfidencialurobis SeTanxmebidan gasvlis SesaZlebloba, upirveles yovlisa, misi
dacvis kerZo interesze ufro maRla mdgomi sajaro interesiT aris ganpirobebuli.
saqarTveloSic konfidencialobis dacvis wesidan gamonaklisis daSveba, savaraudod,
ukeTesic iqneboda TviT mediaciis institutisaTvis, vidre – uaresi. marTalia, saqar-
Tvelos msgavsad, konfidencialobis dacvis, faqtobrivad, absolutur valdebulebas
ganviTarebuli qveynebis wamyvani samediacio sasamarTloebis wesebic iTvaliswinebs
(mag., kaliforniis38), Tumca saqarTveloSi, mediatorTa kvalifikaciis gaTvaliswine-
biT, msgavsi mowesrigeba garkveul riskebTan SeiZleba iyos dakavSirebuli.

4. procesis monawile pirebis uflebebi da movaleobebi

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sasamarTlo mediaciis procesSi

monawile pirebs akisrebs Semdeg ufleba-valdebulebebs:39
31-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqtis mixedviT, mosamarTle valdebulia, aicilos saqme,
Tu is imave saqmeSi monawileobda rogorc mediatori;

35
SegiZliaT SeadaroT germanul kanonmdeblobas, sadac mediaciis aqtis me-4 muxlis
mixedviT, gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, SeiZleba konfidencialurobis dacvis valde-
bulebisagan mediatoris gaTavisufleba. kerZod, es dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu informaciis gaxsna aucilebelia morigebis aRsrulebisaTvis an sajaro wesrigis
dasacavad. ix. <http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bundesrecht/mediationsg/gesamt.pdf>, [12.11.2015].
36
viskonsinis Statis kanonmdeblobiT, mediatorebs konfidencialuri informaciis gam-
JRavnebis uflebas daxurul sasamarTlo (inglisurad: in camera) sxdomaze aZlevs im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu mediaciis procesze gamxelili informaciis konfidencialurad Senaxva
aSkarad ukanonobaa, ix. <http://www.wicourts.gov/services/attorney/mediation.htm>, [10.02.2014].
37
Directive 2008/52/EC, on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters, of the European Parliament
and of the Council, 21 May 2008, dawvrilebiT ix. <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?ur
i=CELEX:32008L0052:en:NOT>, [03.07.2015].
38
Sanction 1121 (mediator’s Reports and Finding) California Evidence Code, ix. <http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/
cgi-bin/displaycode?section=evid&group=01001-02000&file=1115-1128>, [03.01.2015].
39
ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/29962?geo=on#>, [03.11.2015].
170
 aleqsandre wulaZe, sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

mediatoris acilebis uflebamosileba mxareebs zustad imave safuZvlebiT

(sssk 187-e4 muxli) aqvT miniWebuli, romlebic mosamarTlis acilebis safuZvelia;
sssk-is 94-e muxlis mixedviT, sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlad ar SeiZleba iyos
piri, romelic am saqmeSi monawileobda mediatorad, xolo sssk-is 35-e muxliT igive
SezRudva vrceldeba eqspertze, Tarjimanze, specialistsa da sxdomis mdivanze;
sssk-is 187-e8 muxli ukrZalavs mediatorsa da mxareebs mediaciis procesSi gam-
xelili konfidencialuri informaciis gavrcelebas;
sssk-is 141-e muxli mediators, erTi mxriv, aniWebs privilegias, ar misces Cvene-
ba mediaciis msvlelobisas misTvis gamxelili informaciis Sesaxeb, xolo, meore mxriv,
ukrZalavs sasamarTlos winaSe mowmis saxiT wardgomas iseT garemoebebTan dakavSire-
biT, romlebic misTvis cnobili gaxda mediatoris movaleobis Sesrulebisas;
187-e4 muxlis pirveli nawiliT mxareebi valdebuli arian, gamocxaddnen minimum
or samediacio Sexvedraze daniSnul drosa da adgilas, xolo arasapatio mizeziT ga-
moucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi isini dajarimdebian 150 lariT;
187-e5 muxlis mixedviT, mediators SeuZlia mxareTa morigebisaTvis gamoiyenos
45 dRe da es vada mxolod mxareTa TanxmobiT SeiZleba gagrZeldes imave vadiT.
am regulaciebis SejamebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT: 1)
mesame neitralur pirs erTmeva ufleba, imave davis saganze monawileobdes sxva sta-
tusiT mas Semdeg, rac igi monawileobas miiRebs rogorc mediatori; 2) konfidencia-
lobis dacvis TvalsazrisiT, mediatorebi miekuTvnebian privilegirebul profesiaTa
ricxvs, romlebic sakuTari profesiuli movaleobis Sesrulebisas miRebuli infor-
maciis gacemis valdebulebisagan daculni arian; 3) uzrunvelyofilia mediaciis pro-
cesSi mxareTa uSualo monawileoba; 4) dawesebulia gonivruli vada, romlis gasvlis
Semdeg mediatori valdebulia, saqme gansaxilvelad daubrunos sasamarTlos.
sakanonmdeblo doneze mediaciis procesSi monawileTa ufleba-movaleobebis
regulirebis mizani mediaciis procesis, masSi monawile pirebisa da marTlmsajulebis
interesebis dacvaa. aqedan gamomdinare, mediatorTa zemoT CamoTvlili valdebule-
bebis ganviTarebuli qveynebis (germaniis, avstriis an, Tundac, liberaluri midgome-
bis gamo, kaliforniis Statis) mediatorTa valdebulebebTan Sedarebis SemTxvevaSi,
naTlad warmoCndeba, rom qarTul sasamarTlo mediaciis procesSi mediatorTa val-
debulebebi arcTu ise srulyofiladaa mowesrigebuli. germaniis federaluri kanon-
mdeblobiT, kerZod, `mediaciis aqtis~ me-5 (1) muxli40 miuTiTebs, rom mediatorobis
msurvelma pirma saWiroa, daakmayofilos Semdegi moTxovnebi: gaiaros mediaciis tre-
ningi, sadac Seiswavlis mediaciis Zireul principebs, molaparakebebis warmarTvisa da
komunikaciis teqnikas, konfliqtis marTvasa da mediaciis kanons, xolo imisaTvis, rom
piri gaxdes registrirebuli mediatori, avstriis mediaciis kanonis mixedviT, saWi-
roa, rom mas: a) Sesrulebuli hqondes 28 weli; b) sargeblobdes maRali sandoobiT; g)
akmayofilebdes profesionalizmis kriteriumebs; d) sakuTari pasuxismgebloba dazR-
veuli hqondes 400 000 evrod. da bolos, kaliforniis StatSi41 mediatorobis msurvel-
ma saWiroa, gaiaros 25-saaTiani Teoriuli da praqtikuli treningi da xeli moaweros

40
ix. <http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/mediationsg/––1.html>, [12.12.2014].
41
ix. <http://www.courts.ca.gov/rules.htm>, [11.05.2013].
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 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

mediatorTa eTikis wesebs, romlebiTac, aseve, gaTvaliswinebulia, minumum, erTi Pro

Bono saqmis ganxilva wlis ganmavlobaSi.

5. saqmis morigebiT damTavreba

saqarTveloSi raime specialuri forma da moTxovnebi sasamarTlo mediaciaze

miRweuli morigebis gasaformeblad ar arsebobs. Tumca saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sap-
roceso kodeqsis 187-e7(a) muxli aregulirebs sasamarTlo mediaciis dasrulebis sa-
kiTxs. kerZod, „Tu sasamarTlo mediaciisaTvis kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi dava mxareTa
SeTanxmebiT dasruldeba, sasamarTlo mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze gamoitans
ganCinebas mxareTa morigebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb. es ganCineba sabolooa, ar gasaCiv-
rdeba42 da dauyovnebliv Sedis ZalaSi. amasTan, `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ sa-
qarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxlis mixedviT,43 aRsrulebas eqvemdebareba kerZo da admi-
nistraciuli samarTlis saqmeebze kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganCineba.
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba sasamarTlo mediaciis Sedegad miRweuli morigebis
ara mxolod ioli aRsrulebis meqanizmebs iTvaliswinebs, aramed mediaciis daxmare-
biT saqmis damTavrebis mizniT sasamarTlos momxmareblebisaTvis garkveul mastimu-
lirebel meqanizmebsac qmnis, romelTa Soris erT-erTi umTavresi ekonomikuri moti-
via. kerZod, mediaciiT davis gadawyvetis SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Sead-
gens 1%-s, magram aranakleb 50 lars.44 finansuri TvalsazrisiT, zemoaRniSnuli wesi
sasamarTlo baJis Semcirebisa, marTlac, SeiZleba iyos motivatori mxareebisaTvis,45
Tumca aqve gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi sakiTxic: saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis 208-e muxliT, sasamarTlo morigebis SemTxvevaSi (da ara mediaciiT morige-
bis SemTxvevaSi) mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saqmiswarmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da
daamtkicebs morigebis pirobebs, xolo saqmiswarmoebis Sewyvetisas `saxelmwifo baJis
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-6 muxlis me-3 punqti iZleva gadaxdili saxelmwifo
baJis mTliani dabrunebis SesaZleblobas.46 Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli Canaweri praqtika-
Si iZleva sasamarTloSi morigebisaTvis ufro met stimuls, vidre mediaciis procesiT
morigebisTvis. SeiZleba, es sakiTxi arcTu mniSvnelovani iyos, Tumca mosalodnelia,
rom mxareebma mediatorTan saqmis morigebiT damTavrebaze swored imitom Tqvan uari,
rom maTTvis kidev ufro xelsayreli mediaciis procesis dasrulebis Semdeg sasamar-
Tlo darbazSi morigeba iqneba.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi sasamarTlo morigebis mare-
gulirebel normebsac aqvT garkveuli xarvezebi. kerZod, samoqalaqo saproceso ko-
42
ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/29962?geo=on#>, [03.11.2015].
43
ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/18442>, [03.11.2015].
44
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 39-e muxlis `a3~ punqti, ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/
view/29962?geo=on#>, [03.11.2015].
45
rogorc praqtikaSi gamoikveTa, xSirad mxareebs pirvel instanciaSi sarCelis Setanisas
mTlianad gadaxdili aqvT `saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb~ kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sa-
samarTlos baJis odenoba – 3%, ris gamoc mosamarTle mxareebs, morigebis aqtis dam-
tkicebasTan erTad, ukan ubrunebs damatebiT gadaxdil 2%-s.
46
ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/93718>, [03.11.2015].

172
 aleqsandre wulaZe, sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

deqsis 218-e muxlis mixedviT,47 mosamarTle, mxareTa morigebis mizniT, uflebamosi-

lia, Tavisi iniciativiT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gamoacxados Sesveneba sasamarTlo
sxdomis mimdinareobisas da sxva pirTa daswrebis gareSe mousminos mxolod mxareebs,
an mxolod maT warmomadgenlebs. aseve, mosamarTles, mxareTa morigebis mizniT, SeuZ-
lia, miuTiTos davis gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze da mxareebs SesTavazos morigebis
pirobebi. roca mosamarTle Tavad gamodis momrigeblis rolSi Tavis warmoebaSi arse-
bul saqmeze da ar gadascems mas kolegas, rogorc es, mag., germaniis federaciis sasa-
marTloebSia,48 morigi procesi dgeba Semdegi problemebis winaSe:
1. mxareebs da Tavad mosamarTles uWirT SejibrebiTobis principze damyarebuli
sasamarTlo procesidan TanamSromlobis principze damyarebul morigebis procesze
momentalurad gadasvla, Sesabamisad, procesisadmi damokidebulebis Secvla. aqedan
gamomdinare, saqarTvelos sasamarTloebSi mimdinare sasamarTlo morigebis procese-
bi, maRali albaTobiT, imave dapirispirebul reJimSi grZeldeba xolme, ra reJimSic
mimdinareobda sasamarTlo procesi;
2. mxareebma, ician ra, rom morigebis miuRwevlobis SemTxvevaSi, imave mosamar-
Tles mouwevs Sinagani rwmenis karnaxiT gadawyvetilebis miReba davis saganze, eri-
debian iseTi konfidencialuri informaciis gamxelas, ramac SesaZloa, zemoqmedeba
moaxdinos gadawyvetilebis mimReb pirze. Sesabamisad, is faqti, rom mosamarTles Se-
uZlia, sxva pirTa daswrebis gareSe mousminos mxolod mxareebs, ver iqneba sakmarisi
garanti mxareTaTvis sensitiuri informaciis gacemisa.
3. morigebis procesSi mesame neitraluri piris mier morigebis pirobebis Sefase-
bis an SeTavazebis dros arsebobs saSiSroeba imisa, rom, Tu erTi an meore miuRebelia
mxarisaTvis, misi gamJRavnebis momentidan neitraluri piri – mosamarTle Tu media-
tori – mxaris aRqmaSi kargavs neitraluri piris rols da igi oponenti mxaris `advo-
kati~ xdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, saqmis uSualod ganmxilveli mosamarTlis mier, Tun-
dac mxareTa morigebis mizniT, miTiTeba erT-erTi mxarisaTvis (an orivesTvis) davis
gadawyvetis misTvis (an maTTvis) miuRebel Sedegze an morigebis pirobaze, aryevs pro-
cesis gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi am mosamarTlis neitralur da miukerZoebel aRqmas,
rac sakmaod mniSvnelovani sakiTxia marTlmsajulebisaTvis.49 swored am problemebis
gadawyvetisa da riskebis ganeitralebis mizniT, germaniaSi sasamarTlo morigebisas
dava gadaecema sxva mosamarTles, romelic gansxvavebul garemoSi xvdeba mxareebs,
acnobs sakuTar rols da mxareebs Soris TanamSromlobiTi damokidebulebis SeqmniT
cdilobs samarTlebrivi uTanxmoebis morigebiT damTavrebas. amasTan, is valdebulia,
ar gaandos saqmis ganmxilvel mosamarTles is informacia, rac misTvis cnobili mo-
rigebis procesis msvlelobidan gaxda. Sesabamisad, daicvas konfidencialoba, xolo
morigebis procesis warumateblad damTavrebis SemTxvevaSi saqme gansaxilvelad da-
ubrunos Tavdapirvel mosamarTles.50
47
ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/29962?geo=on#>, [03.11.2015].
48
Hopt K. J., Steffek F., Mediation Principles and Regulation in Comparative Perspective, Oxford Univeristy Press,
Oxford, 2013, 17.
49
aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saintereso ganmarteba gakeTda Tbilisis saapelacio
sasamarTlos samoqalaqo palatis 2015 wlis 6 agvistos ganCinebaSi. ix. <http://library.court.ge/
judgements/63762015-09-11.pdf >, [11.11.2015].
50
Hopt K. J., Steffek F., Mediation Principles and Regulation in Comparative Perspective, Oxford Univeristy Press,
Oxford, 2013, 18.
173
 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

savaraudod, saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebSi sasamarTlo morigebiT miRwe-

uli morigebaTa arcTu ise saxarbielo statistikuri maCveneblis51 ganmapirobebeli,
mosamarTleTa morigebis teqnikis codnis donesTan erTad, aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo
xarvezicaa. Sesabamisad, sasurvelia, wamyvani evropuli qveynebis saukeTeso praqtikis
gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTveloSi daixvewos sasamarTlo morigebis maregulirebeli ka-
nonmdebloba.

b. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mediaciis sapilote proeqtis

praqtikis analizi

sakanonmdeblo normebis amoqmedebis Semdeg (2012 wlis 1 ianvari), 2012 wlis 7 ma-
iss,52 saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRles sabWos, iusticiis umaRles skolas, Tbilisis
saqalaqo sasamarTlos, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetTan arsebul davebis al-
ternatiuli gadawyvetis erovnul centrs, `germaniis saerTaSoriso TanamSromlo-
bis sazogadoebasa~ (GIZ) da `marTlmsajulebis damoukideblobisa da samarTlebrivi
gaZlierebis proeqts~ (JILEP) Soris gaformebuli memorandumi sasamarTlo mediaciis
praqtikuli amoqmedebis mizniT gadadgmuli pirveli nabiji iyo. urTierTTanamSrom-
lobis memorandumiT Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi Seiqmna sasamarTlo mediaciis
sapilote proeqti da SeirCnen kandidatebi britanuli kompaniis `davebis efeqtiani
gadawyvetis centris~ (CEDR) daxmarebiT warmarTuli mediaciis saswavlo kursis
gasavlelad. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mediaciis piloturma proeqtma uSua-
lod samediacio Sexvedrebis ganxorcieleba 2013 wlis dekembridan daiwyo. ori wlis
ganmavlobaSi samediaciod sul 44 saqme53 iqna gadacemuli (2013 wels – 3 saqme, 2014 wels
– 13, xolo 2015 wels – 28). samediaciod gadacemuli saqmeebidan 16 dasrulda SeTan-
xmebiT, 25 – SeTanxmebis miRwevis gareSe, xolo 3 davaze mediacia kvlav mimdinareobs.
procentuli TvalsazrisiT, morigebiT dasrulda damTavrebuli 41 saqmis 39%, xolo
warumateblad – 61%. aRsaniSnavia, rom saangariSo periodis ganmavlobaSi pilotur
proeqtSi mxolod nebayoflobiTi mediaciis saqmeebi moxvdnen, saidanac umravlesoba
– 29 saqme valdebulebiTsamarTlebrivi dava iyo, 11 – saojaxo da 4 – memkvidreobiTi.54
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mediaciis – morigebiT davebis gadawyvetis –kulturis naklebo-
bas Tanamedrove qarTul marTlmsajulebaSi, rac dasturdeba uzenaesi sasamarTlos
oficialuri statistikiTac (kerZod, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos statis-
tikis samsaxuris informaciiT, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi samoqalaqo samar-
Tlebriv davebze sasamarTlo morigebiT dasrulda: 2012 wels sul ganxilul saqmeTa
8,4%, 2013 wels – 7,2%, 2014 wels – 9,6%, xolo 2015 wels 9,1%;55 mTeli saqarTvelos
masStabiT aRniSnuli monacemebi kidev ufro dabalia. kerZod, sasamarTlo morigebiT
51
ix. <http://www.supremecourt.ge/statistics/>, [12.12.2015].
52
ix. <http://hcoj.gov.ge/ge/sasamartlo-mediatsiis-temastan-dakavshirebit-memorandumi-gaformda/1924>, [28.
11.2015].
53
aRniSnuli statistika mowodebulia Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mier 2015 wlis 2
dekembers.
54
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2015 wlis 25 noembris werili.
55
saqarTvelos uzenasi sasamarTlos 2015 wlis 20 noembris №118-k werili.
174
 aleqsandre wulaZe, sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

dasrulda sul ganxiluli samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi davebis: 2012 wels – 8,3%, 2013

wels – 8,4%, 2014 wels – 9,5%, xolo 2015 wels 8,5%.56), piloturi proeqtis Sedegad mi-
Rebuli monacemebi TiTqmis 4-jer aRemateba sasamarTlo morigebaTa procentul maC-
venebels. Sesabamisad, sakmaod karg Sedegad SeiZleba CaiTvalos mediaciis sapilote
proeqtisaTvis bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi miRweuli morigebebi.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos piloturi proeqtis administratori, garda sa-
mediacio centrisadmi gadacemuli saqmeTa statistikuri monacemebisa, amuSavebs me-
diaciis procesSi monawile mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa mediaciis procesiTa da
mediatoriT kmayofilebis anonimur kiTxvars. wamyvan samediacio centrebs57 swored
mediaciis momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis kiTxvaris Sedegebi miaCniaT proeqtis warma-
tebis mTavar sazom erTeulad da ara morigebiT damTavrebis procentuli maCvenebe-
li, rac sakmaod logikuricaa, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im faqts, rom mediaciis miza-
ni ara mxolod morigebis miRwevaa, aramed sasamarTloSi davis gagrZeleba mas Semdeg,
rac mxareebi darwmundebian, rom davis mosamarTlis mier gadawyveta mocemuli situa-
ciidan gamosvlis saukeTeso saSualebaa. Sesabamisad, advokati da misi klienti media-
ciis process kmayofili unda tovebdes maSinac, roca is davis morigebiT damTavrebas
ver axerxebs, vinaidan icis, rom es is SemTxvevaa, roca morigebis, davis mSvidobiani
gadawyvetis, urTierTobis transformirebis da mediaciis sxva upiratesobebis gamo-
yenebis Sansi ar arsebobda da ara is, roca mxareebi SesaZleblobebs ubralod gamou-
yenebels toveben, an ufro metic – ubralod, kargaven. aqedan gamomdinare, momxmare-
belTa kmayofilebis kiTxvari erT-erTi saukeTeso meTodia mediatorTa da mediaciis
procesis xarisxis kontrolis, SenarCunebisa da gaumjobesebisa, rac, savaraudod,
garkveuli periodis gasvlis Semdeg Tavad sapilote proeqtis mmarTvelebis mier gan-
xorcieldeba kidec.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sapilote proeqts, gadacemuli samediacio saq-
meTa raodenobis TvalsazrisiT, saamayod, ra Tqma unda, ar aqvs saqme, Tumca piloturi
proeqtis mmarTvelebis swor gadawyvetilebad unda CaiTvalos pirvel etapze mxolod
nebayoflobiTi mediaciis gamoyeneba da mxolod garkveuli gamocdilebis dagrovebis
Semdeg (savaraudod, 2016 wlidan) savaldebulo mediaciis amoqmedeba. rogorc aRvniS-
neT, ricxobriv maCvenebelze mniSvnelovani momxmarebelTa kmayofilebaa, magram, vi-
naidan, momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis kiTxvari konfidencialuria, rTulia visaubroT
am aspeqtSi Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos samediacio centris miRwevebze, Tumca
is faqti, rom es informacia grovdeba, muSavdeba da inaxeba Tbilisis saqalaqo sasam-
arTlos bazaSi, udavod misasalmebelia.

4. saerTaSoriso eqspertebis rekomendaciebi

ukanaskneli xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi davis gadawyvetis alter-

natiuli saSualebebis, kerZod, mediaciis mdgomareobis, ganviTarebis dinamikisa da
perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb sajarod xelmisawvdomi sami angariSi momzadda. samive maTgani
mediaciis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze Catarda, sxvadasxva eqspertis monawileo-
56
saqarTvelos uzenasi sasamarTlos 2015 wlis №118-k werili.
57
ix. <http://www.jamsadr.com/>, an <http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/mediation/>, [11.11.2015].
175
 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

biT. aqedan gamomdinare, isini, marTlac, mniSvnelovani dokumentebia saqarTveloSi

sasamarTlo mediaciis ganviTarebis traeqtoriis, arsebuli da xelidan gaSvebuli Se-
saZleblobebis danaxvisa da momavali ganviTarebis mizniT miRebuli rCevebis Sesas-
wavlad da gasaanalizeblad da swored amitom imsaxureben individualurad ganxilvas.
2011 wlis oqtomberSi `marTlmsajulebis damoukideblobisa da samarTlebrivi
ganviTarebis programis~58 daxmarebiT saqarTveloSi davis gadawyvetis alternatiuli
saSualebebis Sefaseba (angariSi) moamzada mowveulma eqspertma mixeil blexmanma. an-
gariSi ara mxolod sasamarTlo mediacias, aramed mTlianad davis gadawyvetis alter-
natiuli saSualebebis Sefasebas moicavs. eqspertis saqarTveloSi yofnis periodSi
mediaciis maregulirebel normebze muSaoba dawyebulic ki ar iyo, Tumca es faqti wi-
namdebare Sefasebas dRevandeli gadmosaxedidan kidev ufro sainteresos xdis, davis
gadawyvetis alternatiuli saSualebebis saqarTveloSi ganviTarebiT dainteresebu-
li pirebis 2011 wlisaTvis arsebuli mosazrebebisa da molodinebis gacnobis Tval-
sazrisiT. mediaciis ganviTarebis traeqtoriis met-naklebad zustad ganWvretis
TvalsazrisiT, gamosayofia iuridiul kompaniebTan Sexvedris Sedegad eqspertis mi-
er gakeTebuli Canaweri imis Taobaze, rom, mediaciis institutis cnobisa da mis mimarT
keTilganwyobis miuxedavad, iuridiuli kompaniis warmomadgenlebi ar iyvnen darwmu-
nebuli, ramdenad kargad imuSavebda es instituti saqarTveloSi mastimulirebeli me-
qanizmebis gareSe.59 amdenad, mediaciis mastimulirebeli meqanizmebis mniSvnelobaze
imTaviTve iyo saubari.
Sesabamisad, daskvna, romelic eqsperts gamoaqvs saqarTveloSi davis gadawyve-
tis alternatiuli saSualebebis Sesaxeb, aris Semdegi: `perspeqtiva saqarTveloSi me-
diaciis ganviTarebisa aris sakmaod kargi, ramdenadac misi saWiroeba mosamarTleTa,
iuristebisa da iuridiuli skolebis mier aris dadasturebuli da arsebobs potencia,
realizebul iqnes swored iseTi modeli, romelic xels Seuwyobs davis gadawyvetis
alternatiuli saSualebebis ganviTarebas~.60
aRsaniSnavia aseve, rom Sefasebis avtori (m. blexmani) imTaviTve xazs usvams mode-
lis mniSvnelobas. kerZod, misi mosazrebiT, saqarTveloSi mediaciis gansaviTareblad
gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes `saerTaSoriso finansuri TanamSromlobis~ (IFC-is) mier
balkaneTis qveynebSi komerciuli mediaciis ganviTarebis Sedegad dagrovili gamoc-
dileba.61
2015 wlis martSi `marTlmsajulebis damoukideblobisa da samarTlebrivi ganvi-
Tarebis programis~62 farglebSi `davebis gadawyvetis evropulma centrma~ saqarTve-
58
`marTlmsajulebis damoukideblobisa da samarTlebrivi gaZlierebis programa~
`aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutis~ mier saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli
oTxwliani iniciativa iyo, romelic aSS-is saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentom
daafinansa. dawvrilebiT ix. <http://www.ewmi-jilep.org/>, [22.10.2015].
59
Blechman M. D., Assessment of ADR in Georgia, Assisted by USAID – JILAP Commercial Law team, 2011, 5.
60
iqve, 1.
61
momzadebuli angariSis detalurad gasacnobad ix. <http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/con nect/
991f510047e98d59a52ebd6f97fe9d91/PublicationBalkansGivingMediationaChanceADRStory.pdf?MOD
=AJPERES>, [11.11.2015].
62
`marTlmsajulebis damoukideblobisa da samarTlebrivi gaZlierebis programa~ `aRmo-
savleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutis~ mier saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli oTx-
176
 aleqsandre wulaZe, sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

loSi mediaciis Sesaxeb angariSi moamzada, romelic araerT saintereso dakvirvebasa

da rekomendacias moicavs. es rekomendacia saqarTveloSi mediaciis institutis gan-
viTarebis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT gakeTebuli yvelaze ufro farTo da amomwuravi
angariSia. angariSis SemuSavebisaTvis mowveuli eqspertis, ales zalaris,63 mizani iyo,
Seefasebina: davebis gadawyvetis ramdenad efeqturi saSualeba SeiZleba yofiliyo me-
diacia saqarTveloSi; Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi piloturi proeqtis mimdina-
reoba da mediaciis ganviTarebaze pilotis gavlena mTeli qveynis masStabiT.
mediaciis maregulirebeli normebis Sefasebis mizniT, eqspertis mier SemoTava-
zebul iqna misi Semowmeba avstraliis `davis gadawyvetis alternatiuli saSualebebis
nacionaluri sabWos~64 mier SemuSavebuli kiTxvaris daxmarebiT, romelic mediaciis
momwesrigebel normebze momuSave pirebs exmareba sakiTxebis mimarT Tanmimdevrul
midgomasa da Sesabamisi standartebis SemuSavebaSi. kvlevis avtors saqarTveloSi, zo-
gadad, mediaciis institutis gansaviTareblad Semdegi sakiTxebi miaCnia problemurad:
1. davis gadawyvetis alternatiuli saSualebebis ganviTarebis politikis gan-
msazRvreli dokumentis ararseboba, rac sxva sakiTxebTan erTad donori organizaci-
ebis mxridan mediaciis ganviTarebis procesSi mxardaWeris SesustebiTaa gamowveuli;
2. davis gadawyvetis alternatiuli saSualebebis politikis gansazRvris mizniT
erTiani da mudmivmoqmedi sakonsultacio organos ararseboba, romelic makoordine-
beli organos funqciasac Seasrulebda.
Sesabamisad, mediaciis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis mTavar gamowvevad dasaxel-
da mediaciis ganviTarebis procesSi CarTul mxareebs Soris informaciis gacvlisa da
procesTa koordinebis araefeqturi sistema, iseve, rogorc erTiani xedvis uqonloba.
aqedan gamomdinare, miuxedavad samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi sasamarTlo mediaci-
is Sesaxeb Tavis arsebobisa, zogadad, mediaciis institutis momwesrigebeli sakanon-
mdeblo aqtis uqonloba qmnis arasrul sakanonmdeblo CarCos saqarTveloSi, romelic,
erTi mxriv, TanxvedraSi ver modis evrokavSiris Sesabamis direqtivebTan, xolo, meore
mxriv, iwvevs institutisadmi ndobis Semcirebas mis potenciur momxmareblebSi.
sasamarTlo mediaciis nawilSi kanonmdeblobis Sefasebisas eqspertis mier samo-
qalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 21-e1 Tavis65 dadebiT aspeqtebad aRiniSna:
mediaciis orive formiT, rogorc sasamarTlo mediaciis, ise sasamarTlosTan
dakavSirebuli mediaciis formiT, sasamarTlo sistemaSi danergvis SesaZlebloba;
saojaxo, memkvidreobiTi da samezoblo davebis mimarT savaldebulo mediaciis
gavrcelebis SesaZlebloba;
mediaciis maqsimaluri xangrZlivobis – 90-dRiani danawesis arseboba;
mediaciis procesze gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamis sanqciaTa dawese-
ba;

wliani iniciativa iyo, romelic aSS-is saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentom daafinansa.

dawvrilebiT ix. <http://www.ewmi-jilep.org/>, [22.10.2015].
63
ales zalari – `davebis gadawyvetis evropuli centris~ prezidenti, sloveniis iusticiis
yofili ministri da saxelganTqmuli mediatoria.
64
Natianal Australian ADR Commission, ix. <http://www.ag.gov.au/LegalSystem/AlternateDisputeResolution/
Pages/NADRACPublications-A-Z.aspx>, [22.10.2015].
65
ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/29962?geo=on#>, [03.11.2015].
177
 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisebis garda, mxareTa TanxmobiT

yvela samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi davis samediaciod gadacemis SesaZlebloba;
konfidencialurobis dacva da mediaciis procesSi Seqmnil mtkicebulebaTa sa-
samarTlo procesze dauSveblobis sakiTxi;
sasamarTlos daxmarebiT miRweuli morigebebis aRsrulebis sakiTxi.66
momzadebuli dokumentis mixedviT, kanonmdeblobis naklovanebebia:
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi sasamarTlo mediaciis Sesaxeb Tavis arasruli
Sesabamisoba evrokavSiris Sesabamis direqtivasa da unsitralis modelur kanonTan;
mediatorTa SerCevisa da akreditirebis kriteriumebis ararseboba;
sasamarTlo xelisuflebisa da konkretul sasamarTloTa waxaliseba mediaciis
programebisa da maTi momwesrigebeli normebis SesamuSaveblad;
sasamarTlo mediaciis dafinansebis sakiTxis mouwesrigebloba;
finansuri TvalsazrisiT sasamarTlo morigebisa da mediaciis daxmarebiT miR-
weuli morigebis araTanabar pirobebSi dayeneba;
minimum ori samediacio Sexvedris gamarTvis valdebuleba.67
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi arsebul zemoaRniSnul naklovanebebsa da dade-
biT aspeqtebze dayrdnobiT angariSSi mocemulia Sesabamisi daskvnebi Tbilisis saqa-
laqo sasamarTloSi mimdinare piloturi programis Sesaxeb; gansakuTrebiT sayuradR-
eboa rCeva piloturi programis debulebis sasamarTlosa da momxmarebelTa interese-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT formirebis Sesaxeb; aqve rekomendebulia modave mxareebisaTvis
adreul etapzeve mediaciis SeTavazeba; mocemulia rCevebi momxmareblebTan komuni-
kaciis Taobaze da, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, rekomendacia saojaxo davebze pilo-
turi proeqtis savaldebulo mediaciaze, xolo samezoblo da memkvidreobiTi davebis
– kvazisavaldebulo (rbil) modelze gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT.68
angariSis sasamarTlo mediaciis nawilSi mocemulia rekomendaciebi ara mxolod
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlosaTvis, aramed saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sab-
WosTvisac, kerZod, rCevebi mosamarTleTa `individualuri statistikis formebSi~
mediaciisaTvis gadacemul saqmeTa raodenobis Camatebis Sesaxeb da mosamarTleTa
efeqturobis Sefasebis kriteriumebs Soris mediaciisaTvis mimarTvebis raodenobis
damatebis Taobaze.
rTulia iTqvas, rom kvlevaSi mocemuli rekomendaciebis miRebidan 6 Tvis Sem-
deg raime Zireulad Seicvala. masSi mocemuli yvela rCeva Tu idea iseTive aqtualuria
2015 wlis bolosac, rogorc eqspertebis saqarTveloSi yofnisas iyo da, Sesabamisad,
arsebul problemebs kidev erTi daemata – eqspertebis mier momzadebuli umniSvnelo-
vanesi rCevebis gauTvaliswinebloba. marTalia, iusticiis umaRlesma sabWom daiwyo
zrunva mediaciis piloturi proeqtebis Tbilisis gareT gatanaze, daarsda mediator-

66
es CamonaTvali ar aris sruli.
67
es CamonaTvali ar aris sruli.
68
rac gulisxmobs ganCinebis Cabarebidan 8 dRis ganmavlobaSi werilobiT da saTanado mi-
zezis miTiTebiT mediaciaze uaris Tqmis SesaZleblobas.
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 aleqsandre wulaZe, sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

Ta asociacia, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi arsebuli mediaciis piloturi pro-

eqti iwyebs savaldebulo mediaciaze gadasvlas 2016 wlidan, magram saerTo suraTi
kvlav ucvlelia – sasamarTlo mediacia jerjerobiT isev neli tempiT viTardeba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom ales zalari angariSis mosamzadeblad saqarTveloSi xan-
mokle vadiT imyofeboda, igi siRrmiseulad Caswvda saqarTveloSi mediaciis damkvid-
rebis xelSemSlel faqtorebs, romelTa Soris, gansakuTrebiT, aRsaniSnavia is gare-
moeba, rom man saqarTveloSi mediaciis damkvidrebis mTavari xelisSemSleli faqtori
ara teqnikur an sakanonmdeblo sivrceSi dainaxa, aramed mediaciis ganviTarebiT dain-
teresebul uwyebebs Soris informaciis gacvlis, koordinebuli muSaobisa da proce-
sebis erToblivad gaZRolis sakiTxSi, rac aisaxeba am institutis saqarTveloSi dam-
kvidrebis procesis administrirebaze.
da bolos, 2015 wlis maisSi saqarTveloSi imyofebodnen `fond samarTlis uze-
naesobis iniciativis~ damfuZnebeli viqtor Saxteri da amave fondis eqsperti jon
kopeli. vizitis farglebSi eqspertebma Seiswavles sasamarTlo mediaciis mareguli-
rebeli normebi da gamarTes Sexvedrebi sasamarTlo mediaciis danergvis procesSi
monawile mxareebTan. miRebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, mowveulma specialistebma
SeimuSaves rekomendaciebi, romelTa dayofac maT mier moxda maRali, saSualod maRa-
li da saSualo prioritetebis mixedviT. rekomendaciaTa nusxaSi maRali prioriteti
mieniWa Semdeg sakiTxebs:
savaldebulo mediaciis amoqmedebas;
samuSao jgufis Seqmnas, kerZod, yvela mniSvnelovani dainteresebuli mxaris
monawileobiT;
mosamarTleTa mier mediaciis treningis gavlas;
advokatTa trenings, mediaciaSi warmomadgenlobiTi unarebis gansaviTareb-
lad;
sazogadoebis cnobierebis gazrdas mediaciis Rirebulebisa da xelmisawvdomo-
bis Sesaxeb;
mediaciis procesiT kmayofilebis Sefasebis sistemis daxvewas;
mediaciis unarebSi mediatorTa da mosamarTleTa codnis mudmiv ganaxlebas;
qouCingisa da mentoris sistemebis danergvas axalbeda mediatorebisaTvis.
sxva rekomendaciebisagan gansxvavebiT, `fond samarTlis uzenaesobis iniciati-
vis~ eqspertTa rekomendaciebi gamoirCeva ufro metad praqtikuli xasiaTiT, vidre
normaTa samarTlebrivi Sinaarsis analiziT. aseve, vinaidan Sefaseba mxolod sasamar-
Tlos mediaciis gansaviTareblad iqna SemuSavebuli, fokusirebulia mTlianad sasa-
marTlo mediaciaze da ar mimoixilavs saqarTveloSi arsebul sxva samediacio insti-
tutebis sust da Zlier mxareebs. Sesabamisad, is ufro konkretuli da piloturi pro-
eqtis detalebzea orientirebuli, vidre zogad suraTze.

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 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

5. daskvna

qarTuli marTlmsajulebisaTvis mediaciis institutis warmatebiT damkvidreba

uaRresad mniSvnelovani sakiTxia rogorc praqtikuli,69 ise ideuri70 TvalsazrisiT.
misi ganxorcieleba rTulia akademiuri mxardaWeris gareSe. is faqti, rom ilia WavWa-
vaZe samarTlis ganxorcielebis procesSi morigebis institutis rolisa da mniSvne-
lobis Sesaxeb werda, udavod, didi gamarTleba da upiratesobaa saqarTveloSi medi-
aciis kvlav dasamkvidreblad. ilia WavWavaZis naazrevi saqarTveloSi (da ara marto
saqarTveloSi) morigebiT samarTlebrivi davebis gadawyvetis kulturis damkvidre-
bisTvis datovebuli udidesi memkvidreobaa, romlis gamoyenebas rogorc simboluri,
ise praqtikuli daniSnuleba aqvs. rogorc cvlilebis menejmentis eqspertebi miuTi-
Teben, Tu gvinda, rom movaxdinoT sistemis cvlileba, aucilebelia, axali sistema em-
yarebodes da apelirebdes Zvel, saukeTeso gamocdilebaze.71 is, rom saqarTveloSi sa-
ukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mediaciis teqnikis daxmarebiT wydeboda samarTlebrivi uTan-
xmoebani, sadavo arc aqamde iyo,72 Tumca, garda momrigebeli mosamarTlis institutis
aRwerisa, ilia WavWavaZe Tavis publikaciebSi qmnis koncefcias imisas, Tu rogori unda
iyos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis politika saqmeTa marTvis, marTlmsajulebis ganxor-
cielebis da sasamarTlos momxmarebelTaTvis servisis gawevis kuTxiT. kerZod, igi mi-
uTiTebda swraf, martiv da araformalur marTlmsajulebisa da momxmarebelze orien-
tirebul sasamarTlo servisis mniSvnelobaze. Sesabamisad, mis gamonaTqvamebs aqvs po-
tenciali, gaxdes qarTuli sasamarTlo mediaciis slogani da maTze aigos Tanamedrove
sasamarTlo mediaciis sakomunikacio strategia.
cxadia, qarTuli marTlmsajulebis paradigmis Sesacvlelad saqarTveloSi arse-
buli davebis mSvidobiani gadawyvetis istoriuli gamocdilebaze apelireba sakmarisi
ar aris. cvlilebis marTvis procesis gasamklaveblad saWiroa, aseve, Sesabamisi regu-
laciebisa da kargi menejmentis arseboba, rac, erTi mxriv, sasamarTlo mediaciis ma-
regulirebeli normebis da, meore mxriv, procesis efeqturi administrirebis nawilia.
rasakvirvelia, sasamarTlo mediaciis Sesaxeb samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi
ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebi mniSvnelovani movlena iyo qarTul marTlmsajulebaSi
mediaciis dasanergavad, Tumca arasakmarisi, rac statiaSi mocemuli sakanonmdeblo

69
praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, marTlmsajulebisaTvis mediaciis mniSvnelobaze xazgasmis
uflebas iZleva sasamarTlo ganxilvebis momlodine saqmeTa raodenoba, ganxilvis
saSualo vadebi, mosamarTleTa arasakmarisi raodenobis Sesaxeb iusticiis sabWos wev-
rebis gancxadebebi da morigebiT damTavrebul saqmeTa statistikuri maCveneblebi. sa-
qarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis oficialuri statistika ix. <http://www.supremecourt.ge/
statistics/>, [11.12.2015].
70
ideuri TvalsazrisiT, marTlmsajulebisaTvis mediaciis danergvis mniSvneloba prob-
lemis adreul da mSvidobian gadawyvetaze orientirebuli mravalsarkmliani sasa-
marTlos Camoyalibebaa, riTac marTlmsajuleba gacilebiT efeqturad moaxerxebs
samarTlis arsis – socialuri mSvidobis miRwevas.
71
Heath C., Heath D., Switch: How to Change Things when Change is Hard, Broadway Books, New York, 2010, 23.
72
qarTuli CveulebiTi samarTali, me-3 tomi, mT.red. m. kekelia, Tb., 1991, 185.
180
 aleqsandre wulaZe, sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

normebis analiziTa da miRebuli rekomendaciebiTac naTlad Cans. kerZod, proble-

mebi ikveTeba mediaciis cnebis – definirebis, sasamarTlo mediaciis makoordinebe-
li organos, samediacio centrebisa TanamSromelTa uflebamosilebis ganmsazRvre-
li dokumentis, mediaciis procesis xarisxis makontrolebeli normebis, mediatorTa
profesiuli standartisa da valdebulebebis ganmsazRvreli dokumentis ararsebo-
basa da mediaciisaTvis misamarTad arasakmaris wamaxalisebel meqanizmebTan dakavSi-
rebiT. aRniSnuli problemebi miT ufro mwvave xdeba savaldebulo mediaciaze gadas-
vlis SemTxvevaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, sakanonmdeblo xarvezebis aRmofxvris swrafi
da efeqturi gza iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mier sasamarTlo mediaciis debulebis,
mediatorTa eTikis kodeqsisa da saqmiswarmoebis wesSi cvlilebebis Setana iqneba,
rac, problemebis gadawyvetasTan erTad, sasamarTlo mediacias met mimzidvelobasa
da garantiebs SesZens. kerZod, `sasamarTlo mediaciis debulebiT~ SesaZlebelia Sem-
degi sakiTxebis mowesrigeba:
sasamarTlo mediaciis procesis ganmarteba – definireba (procesSi mediato-
ris rolisa da stilis miTiTebiT);
sasamarTlo mediaciis makoordinebeli uwyebis Camoyalibeba;
samediacio centris administratoris funqciebisa da kompetenciis SemuSaveba;
mediatoris profesiuli ganaTlebis minimaluri standartis SemuSaveba;
mediatoris profesiuli valdebulebis Sesaxeb danawesis SemuSaveba (aseTis mi-
zanSewonilad miCnevis SemTxvevaSi);
mediaciis mimzidvelobis gazrdisaTvis saWiroa amoqmeddes damatebiTi stimu-
latorebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyos Semdegi:
mediaciis warumateblad damTavrebis SemTxvevaSi, saqmisaTvis prioritetis mi-
niWeba sasamarTloSi misi ganxilvisas. kerZod, imisTvis, rom drois faqtori ar iyos
mediaciaSi monawileobis dasaTanxmeblad mxareebisaTvis barieri, saqmis ukan, sasa-
marTloSi dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi gamarTlebuli iqneba `mediacia nacad saqmeebze~
sxdomis prioritetul reJimSi CaniSvna da ganxilva, risTvisac saWiroa, iusticiis
umaRlesma sabWom ganaaxlos isedac sakmaod moZvelebuli, saerTo sasamarTloebis
organizaciuli muSaobisa da saqmiswarmoebis wesi73;
mosamarTleTa motivirebis mizniT, mediaciiT damTavrebul saqmeTa raodenoba
dadebiTad aisaxos `mosamarTleTa saqmianobis efeqturobis Sefasebis wessa~74 da mo-
samarTleTa dawinaurebis kriteriumebSi.
miRebuli rekomendaciebidanac kargad Cans, rom savaldebulo mediaciaze gadas-
vla gamarTlebuli iqneba, Tu sasamarTlo sistema uzrunvelyofs mediatorTa eTikis

73
dRes saerTo sasamarTloebSi moqmedebs `raionuli (saqalaqo), saolqo, afxazeTisa da
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRles sasamarTloebSi organizaciuli muSaobisa
da saqmiswarmoebis wesis Sesaxeb~ debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze 2000 wlis 27 oqtombris
№466 brZanebuleba, ix. <https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/114292>, [12.12.2015].
74
2007 wlis 25 seqtembris (№1/208-2007) gadawyevtilebiT, saqarTvelos iusticiis sabWom
miiRo `saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa saqmianobis efeqturobis Sefasebis we-
si~, sadac, bunebrivia, mediaciiT damTavrebuli saqmeebisaTvis mosamarTle ver iRebs
Sesabamis Sefasebas – qulas, rac ar uqmnis mosamarTles damatebiT motivacias, Seecados,
mxare daarwmunos mediaciis upiratesobebSi.
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 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

wesebisa da procesis xarisxis makontrolebeli normebis dacvas. Sesabamisad, mizan-

Sewonilia, iusticiis sabWom yvela dainteresebuli mxaris monawileobiT SeimuSaos
`mediatorTa eTikis kodeqsi~, romelic yvela sasamarTlo mediaciis procesSi monawi-
le mediatorze gavrceldeba da uzrunvelyofs sasamarTlo mediaciis faseulobebis
dacvas.
udavoa, rom qarTul marTlmsajulebaSi mediaciis institutis damkvidrebisa
da efeqturi muSaobisaTvis aucilebelia maregulirebel normebTan erTad adminis-
trirebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis mowesrigeba. kanonmdeblobis amoqmedebidan
dRemde miRebul Sedegebis analiziTac kargad Cans, rom kanonproeqtis ganmartebiT
baraTSi mocemuli kanonis miRebis gamomwvevi mizezebis aRmofxvra da dasaxuli mizne-
bis miRweva oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi ver moxerxda,75 rasac xeli Seuwyo proeqtis admi-
nistrirebis procesSi gamovlenilma xarvezebma. kerZod, saqarTvelos yvela instan-
ciis sasamarTloSi mediaciis Tanmimdevrul da etapobriv ganviTarebas xeli SeuSala
rogorc sasamarTlo xelisuflebaSi mediaciis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb saerTo xedvis,
strategiisa da samoqmedo gegmis ararsebobam, aseve, mediaciis danergvis procesSi
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos (rogorc marTlmsajulebis politikis SemmuSavebeli or-
ganos) axali Semadgenlobis76 arasaTanado CarTulobam. zemoaRniSnul sakiTxTa mo-
uwesrigeblobiT qarTul sasamarTlo sistemaSi mediaciis institutis damkvidrebis
procesi daugegmavad da saerTo koordinirebis gareSe mimdinareobs. amasTan, qmnis
favoritizmisa da mikerZoebulobis riskebs sasamarTlo sistemaSi, arTulebs sasa-
marTlo mediaciis danergvisaTvis aucilebel administrirebis process, aRrmavebs
iuristebs Soris mediaciisadmi skeptikur damokidebulebas da iwvevs mediaciisadmi
sasamarTlo momxmarebelTa ndobis naklebobas. aRniSnuli problemebis gadasawyve-
tad da samive instanciis sasamarTloebSi samediacio centrebis efeqturi marTvis,
kontrolisa da ganviTarebis mizniT mizanSewonilia, iusticiis umaRlesma sabWom, ro-
gorc sasamarTlo sistemis reformis makoordinebelma organom, dainteresebuli mxa-
reebis monawileobiT da miRebuli rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeimuSaos sasa-
marTlo mediaciis strategia da yovelwliuri samoqmedo gegma. sasamarTlo mediaciis
strategiiT, rogorc eqspertTa mier SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebi miuTiTeben, saWi-
roa ambiciuri miznis dasaxva da misi miRwevis mizniT konkretuli moqmedebebis gan-
sazRvra, rac moaxdens sasamarTlo sistemaSi mediaciis institutis efeqtur integri-
rebas. sasamarTlo mediaciis strategiis sayrdeni ideebi unda iyos:
sasamarTlos SesaZleblobis gazrda Semosul saqmeebTan gamklavebis Tvalsaz-
risiT;
sasamarTlos momxmarebelze orientirebuli da moqnili momsaxurebis SeTava-
zeba;
davebis adreuli gadawyvetis waxaliseba;

75
aRniSnuls adasturebs 2011 wels gakeTebul SefasebebSi asaxuli molodini da realuri
statistikuri monacemebi.
76
2013 wlis ivnisSi iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo axali SemadgenlobiT dakompleqtda, xolo
22 ivniss gaimarTa axali Semadgenlobis monawileobiT pirveli sxdoma. ix. <http://hcoj.gov.
ge/ge/2013-tslis-22-ivniss-gaimarteba-iustitsiis-umaghlesi-sabchos-skhdoma/2092>, [11.11.2015].
182
 aleqsandre wulaZe, sasamarTlo mediaciis konceptualuri xedva

davis gadawyvetis alternatiuli saSualebebis gamoyenebiT sasamarTlos mom-

xmarebelTa kmayofilebis amaRleba.
sasamarTlo mediaciis damkvidreba kompleqsur midgomas moiTxovs. am insti-
tutis efeqturad amoqmedebisaTvis yvela detali mniSvnelovania, miT ufro, sawyis
etapze. mediaciis – uTanxmoebaTa morigebiT damTavrebis – kulturis saqarTveloSi
dasamkvidreblad mizanSewonilia, sasamarTlo xelisuflebam sasamarTlo sistemis
strategiaze muSaobisas77 davis swraf, mSvidobian da arsebuli resursebis maqsimalu-
rad efeqtianad gamoyenebiT gadawyvetas miaqcios gansakuTrebuli yuradReba. zemo-
aRniSnuli modeliT mediaciis institutis amoqmedeba, maRali albaTobiT, SeZlebs,
erTi mxriv, saqarTveloSi uTanxmoebaTa morigebiT damTavrebis kulturis formi-
rebasa da sasamarTloSi ganxilul saqmeebsa da mediaciiT gadawyvetil davebs Soris
dabalansebuli Tanafardobis miRwevas, meore mxriv, marTlmsajulebis gantvirTvas,
davebis swraf, mSvidobian da arsebuli resursebis optimaluri gamoyenebiT gadawyve-
tas. CamoTvlil sakiTxTa prioritetulobaze jer kidev me-19 saukuneSi ilia WavWavaZe
saubrobda da dResac imaves imeoreben, rogorc qarTveli, ise saerTaSoriso eqsper-
tebi. Sesabamisad, sandoa rogorc marTlmsajulebis politikis SemmuSavebeli pirebi-
saTvis, aseve sazogadoebisaTvis.

77
sasamarTlo xelisuflebis strategiisa da samoqmedo gegmis 2016 wlis ganmavlobaSi
SemuSavebis valdebuleba saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesma sabWom oficialurad aiRo
saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebisa da asocirebis
dRis wesrigis ganxorcielebis 2016 wlis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmiT. ix. <http://hcoj.gov.
ge/ge/saqartvelos-iustitsiis-umaghlesi-sabchos-mier-momzadda-asotsirebis-shesakheb-shetankhmebisa-da-
asotsirebis-dghis-tsesrigis-gankhortsielebis-2016-tslis-samoqmedo-gegmis-proeqti/2519>, [11.12.2015].
183