guliko kaJaSvili*

mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofisa da uzrunvelyofis garantiis

roli saqmiswarmoebaSi

mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofa da uzrunvelyofis garantia saproceso ka-

nonmdeblobis ori damoukidebeli institutia. samoqalaqo saproceso ko-
deqsis Sesabamisad, pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo valdebulia, uSualod
gamoikvlios mtkicebulebebi. amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi mtkicebulebe-
bis uzrunvelyofis sakiTxTan mimarTebiT gansxvavebuli midgoma arsebobs.
naSromSi warmodgenilia praqtikuli midgoma uzrunvelyofis garantiasTan
mimarTebiT – ra SemTxvevaSi akmayofilebs sasamarTlo mxaris Suamdgomlo-
bas uzrunvelyofis garantiis Taobaze da ra SemTxvevaSi axdens Tavad sapa-
suxo uzrunvelyofas ise, rom ar arRvevs mxareTa SejibrebiTobisa da dispo-
ziciurobis princips.

sakvanZo sityvebi: mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofa, Suamdgomloba mtkice-

bulebis uzrunvelsayofad, ganCineba, damatebiTi uzrunvelyofa, mtkice-
bulebis uzrunvelyofa amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, uzrunvelyofis ga-
rantia.

1. Sesavali

marTlmsajulebis sistemis efeqturoba samarTlebrivi wesrigis ganmtkicebi-

sa da samarTlebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis fundamenturi winapirobaa. mar-
Tlmsajulebis efeqturoba damoukidebel, miukerZoebel, samarTlian da droul sa-
marTalwarmoebaSi povebs gamoxatulebas.1
saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisad, pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo valdebulia,
uSualod gamoikvlios mtkicebulebebi. sasamarTlo sxdomaze mosamarTlem unda mo-
isminos saqmis monawilis axsna-ganmarteba, mowmis Cveneba, eqspertis daskvna; mosa-
marTle unda gaecnos werilobiT mtkicebulebebs, daaTvalieros nivTieri mtkice-
bulebebi. amitom uSualobis wesis darRveva, misgan gadaxveva sasamarTlo praqtikaSi
kvalificirdeba rogorc sasamarTlos Secdoma, aqedan gamomdinare yvela samarTleb-
rivi SedegiT.
amasTan, kanoniT dadgenilia ori gamonaklisi sasamarTlos am valdebulebidan. am
gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos mier xdeba samoqalaqo saqmis garemoebaTa gaSua-
lebuli Semecneba. saubaria mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofasa da sasamarTlo davale-
* Tsu-is iuridiuli fakultetis doqtoranti.
1
Smiti S., rihteri h., mosamarTlis mier gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi samoqalaqo
samarTalSi, germaniis saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis sazogadoeba (GIZ), 2013, 3.
75
 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

baze.2 kvlevis farglebSi yuradReba gamaxvildeba mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofis

institutze saqarTveloSi. aseve ganxilul iqneba mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofis
sakiTxi amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, sadac damkvidrebuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, mtki-
cebulebebis uzrunvelyofis valdebuleba SeiZleba warmoiSvas konkretuli maregu-
lirebeli, sakanonmdeblo da sasamarTlos ganCinebebidan, rac iTvaliswinebs saqmi-
saTvis mniSvnelovani dokumentebisa Tu informaciis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofas.3
sasamarTlo gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs piris mier saqmesTan dakavSirebuli
masalebis Senaxvas, miuxedavad imisa, dava mimdinareobs Tu ara.
naSromSi ganxilulia saproceso kanonmdeblobis ori damoukidebeli institu-
ti, kerZod: mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofa da uzrunvelyofis garantia, romlebic
saproceso uzrunvelyofis Semadgeneli nawilebia. naSromSi warmoCenilia qarTuli
samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlisaTvis ucxo midgoma mticebulebebis uzrunvelyo-
faze, rac damaxasiaTebelia aSS-is samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobisTvis.
aseve naSromSi warmodgenilia praqtikuli midgoma uzrunvelyofis garantiasTan
mimarTebiT. kvleva orientirebulia, warmoaCinos, ra roli uWiravs uzrunvelyofis
garantias saqmiswarmoebaSi da ramdenad uzrunvelyofs es instituti mxareTa intere-
sebis dabalansebas. ra SemTxvevaSi akmayofilebs sasamarTlo mxaris Suamdgomlobas
uzrunvelyofis garantiis Taobaze da ra SemTxvevaSi axdens Tavad sapasuxo uzrunvel-
yofas, ise, rom ar irRveva mxareTa SejibrebiTobisa da dispoziciurobis principi.
kvleva SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi xasiaTisaa. aqvs Teoriuli da praqtikuli mniS-
vneloba: Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT, naSromis saSualebiT dainteresebul pirebs Se-
uZliaT, miiRon informacia am sakiTxis Sesaxeb; praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, naSromi
aqtualuria, gamomdinare iqidan, rom aq ganxilulia rogorc saqarTvelos, aseve ame-
rikis SeerTebuli Statebisa da aRmosavleT evropis saproceso kanonmdeblobis maga-
liTebi.

2. mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofa

SeuZlebelia moiZebnos iuristi, romelic uaryofs mtkicebulebaTa mniSvnelo-

bas samoqalaqo, administraciul, saarbitraJo Tu sisxlis saproceso samarTalSi.
mtkicebulebebs aqvT Sinaarsi, anu sasarCelo faqtebis Sesaxeb informacia; procesu-
aluri forma, romelic iwodeba mtkicebis kanonier formad, dabolos, maT axasiaTebs
mtkicebulebiTi informaciis miRebisa da gamokvlevis, da mtkicebis saSualebebis gan-
sazRvruli procesualuri wesrigi. es sami niSani gansazRvravs sasamarTlo mtkicebu-
lebis samarTlebriv bunebas. dasaxelebuli nebismieri komponentis ararseboba gana-
pirobebs mTlianad mtkicebulebis ukugdebas. mtkicebuleba, moklebuli SemecnebiT
Sinaarssa da procesualur formas, araa mtkicebuleba.4
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis aucilebloba SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizeziT
iyos ganpirobebuli, rogorebicaa, magaliTad: mowmis avadmyofoba, misi xangrZlivad
2
qurdaZe S., xunaSvili n., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali, Tb., 2012, 237.
3
Spencer A.B., The Preservation Obligation: Regulating and SanctioningPre-Litigation Spoliation in Federal
Court, 79 Fordham L. Rev., 2005 (2011), < http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol79/iss5/7>.
4
gagua i., mtkicebis tvirTi qarTul samoqalaqo saproceso samarTalSi, Tb., 2013, 22.
76
 guliko kaJaSvili, mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofisa da uzrunvelyofis garantiis roli
saqmiswarmoebaSi

wasvla mivlinebaSi, samuSaod sxva qveyanaSi wasvla, nivTier mtkicebulebaTa malfu-

Webadoba da a.S.5aucilebloba, ra Tqma unda, yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi individu-
alurad fasdeba.
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa, erTi mxriv, Tvisebrivad gansxvavdeba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebisagan da, meore mxriv, sasamarTlos davalebebisgan. mtki-
cebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis faqtebis dadgenis mizniT xor-
cieldeba, xolo sarCelis uzrunvelyofa sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
uzrunvelyofas emsaxureba. amdenad, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa da sarCelis
uzrunvelyofa gansxvavebuli cnebebia, Sesabamisad, orive SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebuli
saproceso moqmedebebia Sesasrulebeli. uzrunvelyofis am RonisZiebaTa kanonSi ne-
bismieri konteqstiT miTiTeba pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT unda iqnes gagebuli da maTi
ganmarteba Tvisebrivi niSniT igiveobaze dauSvebelia.6 rac Seexeba sasamarTlo dava-
lebisgan mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofis gansxvavebas, sasamarTlo davalebiT xdeba
mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba im SemTxvevaSi, roca maTi wardgena da Semow-
meba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTloSi Znelia an SeuZlebelia.7
sazRvargareT mecnierTa nawili sxvaobas xedavs mtkicebulebiT samarTalsa da
process Soris. kerZod, amerikel, da ara mxolod amerikel, iuristTa azriT, procesi
iTvaliswinebs sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis wesebs, romlis mizania sasamarTlo ga-
dawyvetilebis miReba, xolo mtkiceba – es aris mosamarTlis darwmuneba, daqvemdeba-
reba logikis kanonebisadmi.8
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa – esaa saproceso moqmedeba, romelsac asrulebs
sasamarTlo an erTpirovnulad mosamarTle im mizniT, raTa kanoniT dadgenili wesiT
daamagros mtkicebulebebi samoqalaqo saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis dros maTi gamoye-
nebisaTvis,9 romlis mizani saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqte-
bis dadgenis uzrunvelyofaa. Sesabamisad, igi unda ganxorcieldes saqmiswarmoebis
damTavrebamde, xolo roca dava arsebiTad gadawyvetilia, am sadavo samarTlebrivi
urTierTobisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis
gamoyenebis samarTlebrivi safuZveli aRar arsebobs.10
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsisagan gansxvavebiT, samoqalaqo pro-
cesis federaluri wesebi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mosamarTleebs saSualebas
aZlevs, sanqciebic ki daaweson im pirTa mimarT, romlebic saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani
garemoebebis damdgen dokumentebs Tu sxva saxis mtkicebulebebs saTanadod ar Sei-
naxaven.11 samoqalaqo procesis federaluri wesebis 37-e (b) muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamar-
5
liluaSvili T., samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali, II gamocema, Tb., 2005, 266.
6
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 29 maisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: №as-827-
1190-06.
7
liluaSvili T., xrustali v., samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari, meore gada-
muSavebuli da Sesworebuli gamocema, Tb., 2007, 215.
8
gagua i., mtkicebis tvirTi qarTul samoqalaqo saproceso samarTalSi, Tb., 2013, 220.
9
liluaSvili T., samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali, II gamocema, Tb., 2005, 266.
10
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2008 wlis 10 aprilis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: №as
258-516-08.
11
Koppel J.M., Federal Common Law and the Courts’ Regulation of Pre-Litigation Preservation, 5, 1 Stan. J.
Complex Litig. (2012, Forthcoming), <http://ssrn.com/abstract=2154484>.
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 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

Tlos SeuZlia, daawesos sanqcia im piris mimarT, vinc ar daemorCileba sasamarTlos

brZanebas mtkicebulebebis warmodgenaze an gamokvlevaze.12 Tumca yvela olqis sasa-
marTlos erTiani damokidebuleba ar aqvs am muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT.13 ma-
Ti pozicia calsaxaa, sanqcia udavod unda dawesdes im piris mimarT, vinc ganzrax gaa-
nadgurebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan dokumentacias, magram zogi mosamarTle sanqciis
dawesebas samoqalaqo saproceso wesebis 37-e (b) muxliT amarTlebs, zogic ki im gansa-
kuTrebuli uflebamosilebiT, rac saqmiswarmoebas da kanonieri, samarTliani gadawy-
vetilebis miRebas emsaxureba. marTalia, arcerT mtkicebulebas winaswar dadgenili
Zala ar gaaCnia, magram mtkicebulebebis mimarT mosamarTleebis damokidebuleba de-
likaturia, vinaidan swored mtkicebulebebis saSualebiT amyareben mxareebi sarCelsa
Tu SesagebelSi warmodgenil garemoebebs.

2.1. mtkicebulebis roli sasamarTlosTvis Sinagani rwmenis

CamoyalibebaSi

mosamarTlem saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebs saqmeSi monawile ori-

ve mxaris poziciidan unda Sexedos. saqmis namdvili garemoebebis danaxva da mxareTa
realuri urTierTobebis garkveva SesaZlebelia mxolod aseT SemTxvevaSi. cxadia, am
dros mosamarTleze moqmedebs Zlieri emociuri foni, magram mTavari am emociis arse-
boba rodia, mTavaria is, imarTeba Tu ara es emocia da, saboloo jamSi, Camoyalibdeba
Tu ara yovelgvari emociisgan ganTavisuflebuli Sinagani rwmena.14
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 105-e muxlis Tanaxmad: araviTar
mtkicebulebas ara aqvs winaswar dadgenili Zala. sasamarTlo afasebs mtkicebule-
bebs Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, romelic unda emyarebodes maT yovelmxriv, srul da obi-
eqtur ganxilvas, ris Sedegadac mas gamoaqvs daskvna saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
garemoebebis arsebobis an ararsebobis Sesaxeb. mosamarTlis winaSe arsebuli amocana
ufro metia, vidre wardgenili iuridiuli faqtebis (mtkicebulebebis) subieqturi Se-
faseba. swored obieqturi garemoebebi warmarTavs mosamarTlis Sinagani rwmenis Camo-
yalibebas.
mtkicebulebebis gansazRvra, Segroveba da sasamarTlosTvis wardgena mtkice-
bis tvirTis ZiriTadi nawilia, rac, Tavis mxriv, sabolood, gavlenas axdens saqmis gan-
12
Rule 37, Failure to make Disclosures or to Coorporate in Discovery, Sanctions, < http://www.law.cornell.edu/
rules/frcp/rule_37>.
13
mosamarTleTa didi nawilis mosazrebiT, sanqciis gamoyeneba im piris mimarT, vinc
mtkicebulebebis saTanadod Senaxva ar uzrunvelyo, samoqalaqo procesis federaluri
wesebis 37-e (b) muxliT ver gamarTldeba. saqmeSi – Capelluto v. FMC Corp – amerikis Seer-
Tebuli Statebis minesotis olqis mosamarTlem sakmaod mkacri sanqcia daawesa im piri-
saTvis, romelmac ganzrax gaanadgura mtkicebulebebi, maSin, rodesac mas ukve hqonda
Setyobineba potenciuri davis Sesaxeb. mosamarTlem es ase daasabuTa: `im gansakuTrebul
uflebamosilebaze dayrdnobiT, rac davis regulirebiT, saqmiswarmoebis dawyebamde
procesis Seuvalobis dacviTa da uzrunvelyofiT gamoixateba, vaweseb sanqcias mxaris
mimarT~. ix. Koppel J.M., Federal Common Law and the Courts’ Regulation of Pre-Litigation Preservation, 7,
1 Stan. J. Complex Litig. (2012, Forthcoming), <http://ssrn.com/abstract=2154484>.
14
gagua i., mtkicebis tvirTi qarTul samoqalaqo saproceso samarTalSi, Tb., 2013, 31.
78
 guliko kaJaSvili, mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofisa da uzrunvelyofis garantiis roli
saqmiswarmoebaSi

mxilveli sasamarTlos Sinagani rwmenis Camoyalibebaze. `mtkicebis tvirTi~ unda ga-

nimartos rogorc modave mxareTa imgvari saproceso moqmedeba, romlis Sesrulebaze
an, piriqiT, Seusruleblobazea damokidebuli sasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo saqmeze
modave mxareTaTvis xelsayreli Tu araxelsayreli gadawyvetilebis miReba.15

2.2. Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb

mtkicebulebaTa TeoriaSi mtkicebis qveS moiazreba sasamarTlosa da sxva pire-

bis mtkicebiTi saqmianoba, romelic moicavs Semdeg stadiebs: mtkicebis sagnis gan-
sazRvras, mtkicebulebaTa Segrovebas (mtkicebulebaTa gamovlena, maTi Sekreba da sa-
samarTloSi wardgena), mtkicebulebaTa sasamarTloSi gamokvlevas, mtkicebulebaTa
Sefasebas.16
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, im pirs, romelsac safuZ-
veli aqvs ifiqros, rom misTvis saWiro mtkicebulebaTa wardgena SemdgomSi SeuZlebe-
li an Zneli gaxdeba, SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos am mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa.
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dasaSvebia sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramdec.17saqmis
mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros sasamarTlo isedac valdebulia, Seamowmos mxaris mi-
er warmodgenili da sasamarTlos mier Sekrebili yvela mtkicebuleba, Tumca ar aris
gamoricxuli, rom mTavar sxdomaze ar daisvas uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi.18
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli mtkicebulebaTa uz-
runvelyofa saqmis ganxilvis dasrulebis Semdeg.19 vinaidan mtkicebulebis uzrun-
velyofis mizani aRar arsebobs.
gancxadeba mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofis ra formiTac ar unda iqnes gakeTebu-
li, iqneba es werilobiTi Tu zepiri Suamdgomloba, igi unda iyos motivirebuli, raTa
sasamarTlos SeeZlos gadawyvitos uzrunvelsayofi mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobisa da
gankuTvnadobis sakiTxi. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb zepiri gancxadebiT
aRZruli Suamdgomloba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi.20
mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxova saerTod da, miT ufro, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvel-
yofa dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT, Tu am mtkicebulebiT SeiZleba dadasturdes saq-
misaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone raime garemoeba, anu garemoeba, romelic asabuTebs mo-
sarCelis moTxovnas an mopasuxis Sesagebels.
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesasrulebeli RonisZiebis gasata-
reblad ar kmara mxolod is, rom mtkicebulebas mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis. auci-
lebelia, agreTve, arsebobdes realuri saSiSroeba imisa, rom am mtkicebulebis mog-
vianebiT wardgena an gamoyeneba Zneli an SeuZlebeli gaxdeba. Tu aseTi saSiSroeba ar

15
gagua i., mtkicebis tvirTi qarTul samoqalaqo saproceso samarTalSi, Tb., 2013, 31.
16
iqve, 25.
17
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2008 wlis 10 aprilis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: №as
258-516-08.
18
liluaSvili T., xrustali v., samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari, II gadamuSavebuli
da Sesworebuli gamocema, Tb., 2007, 218.
19
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2008 wlis 10 aprilis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: №as
258-516-08.
20
qurdaZe S., xunaSvili n., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali, Tb., 2012, 238.
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 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

arsebobs, sasamarTlom uari unda Tqvas mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze,21 radgan aR-

saniSnavia, rom mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa maTi damagrebis formaa. es niSnavs, rom
maT uzrunvelsayofad Sesabamisi moqmedebebis Sesrulebis dros ar xdeba mtkicebule-
baTa utyuarobisa da sakmarisobis Sefasebis sakiTxis gadawyveta. magram maTi Sesaxebo-
bisa da dasaSvebobis sakiTxi unda gadawydes manam, sanam mosamarTle Seasrulebs Sesaba-
mis moqmedebebs mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad.22
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba icnobs mtki-
cebulebis iseT saxes, rogoricaa ficis qveS Cvenebis micema. mtkicebulebis es saxe su-
bieqturi xasiaTis matarebelia, anu faqtis dadastureba xdeba fizikuri piris mier.
samoqalaqo procesis federaluri wesebis 27-e muxli aregulirebs ficis qveS Cvenebis
Caweris sakiTxs.23aRniSnuli muxlis miRebas win uswrebs mTeli rigi procesebisa. Hall v.
Stout erTaderTi saqmea, sadac sasamarTlo Teoriulad msjelobs mtkicebulebis uzrun-
velyofaze. kerZod, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa (ficis
qveS Cvenebis Cawera) saWiroa ara imitom rom arsebobs mtkicebulebis ganadgurebis sa-
SiSroeba, aramed gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, ra mdgomareobaSic SeiZleba aRmoC-
ndes piri garkveuli drois Semdeg. SesaZlebelia, axalma garemoebam aRar misces Cvene-
bis micemis saSualeba. gamomdinare aqedan, uzrunvelyofis saWiroeba damokidebulia
ara piris fizikur mdgomareobaze, aramed mis unarze, momavalSi SeZlebs Tu ara is saqmi-
saTvis mniSvnelovani faqtebis dadasturebas.24
gansxvavebul suraTs vxvdebiT saqmeSi – Arizona v. California, romelic uzenaesi sasa-
marTlos erTaderTi gadawyvetilebaa, sadac sasamarTlom mxaris gancxadeba, rom mowme
SesaZloa saqmis dawyebis dros cocxali aRar yofiliyo, sakmarisad miiCnia uzrunvel-
yofis brZanebis gamosacemad. Hall-is saqmisgan gansxvavebiT, Arizona-as saqmeSi sasamar-
Tlom mniSvneloba mianiWa mowmis fizikur mdgomareobas, magram arcerTma sasamarTlom
ar mosTxova ganmcxadebels dasabuTeba imisa, rom mtkicebuleba daikargeboda.25 saqmeSi
– Angell v. Angell mxarem imiT daasabuTa uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis saWiroeba, rom da-
sakiTxi piri moxuci iyo. aqac subieqtur moments mieniWa upiratesoba. Cemi azriT, su-
bieqturi da obieqturi garemoebebi aleternatiuli xasiaTis matarebeli unda iyos da
erT-erTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic unda moxdes mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofa.
21
liluaSvili T., xrustali v., samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari, II gadamuSavebuli
da Sesworebuli gamocema, Tb., 2007, 219.
22
qurdaZe S., xunaSvili n., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali, Tb., 2012, 238.
23
pirs, romelsac surs, SeerTebuli Statebis teritoriaze moaxdinos ficis qveS Cvenebis
micemis Cawera, unda mimarTos im raionis sasamarTlos, sadac cxovrobs dasakiTxi piri.
brZanebis misaRebad wardgenil gancxadebaSi unda miuTiTos dasakiTxi piris saxelebi; aseve
unda daasabuTos, rom igi iqneba SeerTebuli Statebis sasamarTlos gansjad saqmeSi mxare,
magram am etapze ver axerxebs sarCelis Setanas; daasabuTos Tavisi interesi, daasaxelos
faqtebi, ris gamoc surs Cvenebis Cawera. sxdomis Catarebamde 21 dRiT adre ganmcxadebeli
uzrunvelyofs brZanebis Cabarebas dasakiTxi pirebisTvis. Tu sapatio mizeziT ver
xerxdeba Cabareba, sasamarTlom SeiZleba ikisros gamoqveynebis valdebuleba. ix.
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 27, Depositions to Perpetuate Testimony, <.http://www.law.cornell.edu/
rules/frcp/rule_27>.
24
Hall v. Miller Stout, 2:2004cv00184, January 24, 2004.
25
Kronfeld N.A., The Preservation and Discovery of Evidence Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 27, The
Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 78:593, 599.
80
 guliko kaJaSvili, mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofisa da uzrunvelyofis garantiis roli
saqmiswarmoebaSi

2.3. Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb

sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde

mtkicebulebebis moZieba-warmodgena ekisrebaT mxareebs da ara sasamarTlos, im

martivi mizezis gamo, rom mxarem ukeT icis, ra daadasturebs maT moTxovnas; analogi-
urad, meore mxarem icis, Tu riT gaaqarwylos mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier warmodgenili
mtkicebulebebi da daarwmunos sasamarTlo misi moTxovnis kanonierebaSi.26 miT ume-
tes, rom samoqalaqo saproceso samarTalSi mtkicebis tvirTi mosarCelesa da mopasu-
xe mxares Soris Tanabrad aris gadanawilebuli.27
praqtikulad, mtkicebulebebis Segrovebisaken mimarTuli moqmedeba unda daiwy-
os jer kidev saqmis aRZvramde, rac niSnavs imas, rom sasarCelo warmoebis dawyebam-
de mosarCele an mosarCelis warmomadgeneli unda darwmundes sasarCelo moTxovnis
safuZvlianobasa da sasarCelo faqtebis dasadastureblad Sesabamisi mtkicebule-
bebis arsebobaSi.28 amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi sasamarTlo pirs valdebulad CaT-
vlis mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofasTan mimarTebiT,29 Tu igi davis dawyebamde meo-
re mxarisagan miiRebs Setyobinebas urTierTobis Sewyvetis an gafrTxilebis Sesaxeb.30
swored am momentidan warmoiSoba saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani dokumentebis Senaxvis
valdebuleba. inglisuri kanonmdebloba dasaSvebad miiCnevs mtkicebulebaTa Segro-
vebasa da gamoqveynebas jer kidev sasamarTloSi saqmiswarmoebis dawyebamde. mtkice-
bulebaTa warmodgenis tvirTi davis arsis dadgenaa, sxva sityvebiT, davis Semadgeneli
ZiriTadi sakiTxebis gamovlenaa. mosamzadebel stadiaze xdeba davis sagnis dadgena da
SejibrebiTi qaRaldebis gacvla, rac xels uwyobs mxareTa informirebulobasa da sa-
samarTlo sxdomaze moulodnelobis efeqtis Tavidan acilebas.31
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 109-e muxlis meore nawilis Sesabamisad, mtki-
cebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dasaSvebia sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvamdec. sarCelis
aRZvris Semdeg mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sekrebili masalebi gadaeg-
26
Leubsdorf J., Evidence Law as a System of Incentives, Reasearch Papers Series No. 065, 2, Vol. 95, No. 5, 2010,
<http://ssrn.com/abstract=1566974>.
27
Allen R.A., Stei A., Evidence, Probability, and the Burden of Proof, Arizona Law Review, Vol. 54, 2013, 557-
602, <http://ssrn.com/abstract=2245304>.
28
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2002 wlis 14 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeze:
№3k/884-01.
29
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi sasamarTlos midgoma mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofaze
ufro sensitiuria. sasamarTlos ganCinebis arsebobis miuxedavad, mxares ekisreba, moax-
dinos saqmesTan arsebiTad dakavSirebuli dokumentebis Senaxva saTanadod, raTa Semdgom
moxdes saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani faqtebis dadgena. dokumentebis Senaxvis valdebuleba
warmoiSoba maSin, rodesac mxare miiRebs gafrTxilebis werils. werilSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos davis dawyebis SesaZlebloba, magram savaldebulo ar aris, apelireba keTdebodes
mtkicebulebebis Senaxvaze. ix. Spencer A.B., The Preservation Obligation: Regulating and Sanctioning
Pre-Litigation Spoliation in Federal Court, 79 Fordham L. Rev. 2005 (2011), 2009, <http://ir.lawnet.fordham.
edu/flr/vol79/iss5/7>.
30
Spencer A.B., The Preservation Obligation: Regulating and Sanctioning Pre-Litigation Spoliation in Federal
Court, 79 Fordham L. Rev., 2005 (2011), 2008, 2009, <http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol79/iss5/7>.
31
gagua i., mtkicebis tvirTis Tavisebureba saerTo samarTalSi – didi britaneTisa da
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis samarTlis mixedviT, Jurn. `marTlmsajuleba da kanoni~,
(4 (27), 24.
81
 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

zavneba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos,32 rac SeiZleba moxdes rogorc mxareTa Suam-
dgomlobiT, aseve sasamarTlos iniciativiTac.
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis uflebamosileba mxolod da mxolod sasamar-
Tlos aqvs. praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, roca mxare sasamarTlos warudgens sanotaro
wesiT damowmebul e.w. mowmeTa Cvenebebs da axsna-ganmartebebs. amgvari dokumentebi ar
miekuTvneba raime saxis mtkicebulebebs da maTze dayrdnobiT dauSvebelia gadawyve-
tilebis miReba.33 Tumca aris qveynebi, sadac sasamarTloSi saqmiswarmoebis dawyebamde
mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofas axdens notariusi an sakonsulo (yirgizeTis respub-
likis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 68.2 muxli, yazaxeTis samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 76.2
muxli, tajikeTis samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 67.2 muxli da ruseTis federaciis
sanotaro samarTlis fundamenturi principebis XX Tavi). moldaveTis respublikis sa-
moqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 127-e muxlis meore paragrafis Tanaxmad, sanotaro biu-
ro da diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobebia is organoebi, romlebic axdenen mtkicebu-
lebebis uzruvnelyofas sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanamde.34 belorussa da uzbekeTSi
ki notariusebi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi axdenen mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofas, Tu es
moTxovnilia sxva qveynisgan.35
sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli moTxovna mkafiod da naTlad unda iyos formuli-
rebuli. erT-erTi davis dros mxarem iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos meSveobiT mtkicebu-
lebebis gamoTxovaze, rac arsebiTad gansxvavdeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofisa-
gan. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb wesisagan gansxvavebiT, mtkicebulebaTa
gamoTxova dasaSvebia ukve aRZrul sarCelze, anu am SemTxvevaSi miTiTebul mtkicebu-
lebaTa sasamarTlos meSveobiT gamoTxova dasaSvebi iqneboda, Tuki apelants dadgeni-
li wesiT Setanili eqneboda Segebebuli sarCeli.36 Sesabamisad, mxares uari eTqva mtki-
cebulebebis gamoTxovaze.

3. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis ganCineba,

ganCinebis gasaCivreba da gasaCivrebis vadebi

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis sakiTxis ganxilvas Tan sdevs sasamarTlos Sem-

degi moqmedebebi: sasamarTlo moaxdens mxareTa informirebas mtkicebulebaTa uz-
runvelyofis drosa da adgilis Sesaxeb, magram maTi warmoudgenloba ver daabrkolebs
uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebebis Sesrulebas. gadaudebel
SemTxvevaSi mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia mxareTaTvis Seutyobineb-
ladac.37
32
liluaSvili T., xrustali v., samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari, meore gada-
muSavebuli da Sesworebuli gamocema, Tb., 2007, 217.
33
qurdaZe S., xunaSvili n., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali, Tb., 2012, 238.
34
Civil Procedure in Cross-Cultural Dialogue: Eurasia Context, Conference Book, Edited by Dmitry Maleshin,
Moscow 2012, 352, <http://ssrn.com/abstract=2280682>.
35
belorusis respublikis samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 234.2 muxli, uzbekeTis
respublikis samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 61.2 muxli.
36
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2002 wlis 14 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeze:
№3k/884-01.
37
qurdaZe S., xunaSvili n., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali, Tb., 2012, 239.
82
 guliko kaJaSvili, mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofisa da uzrunvelyofis garantiis roli
saqmiswarmoebaSi

sasamarTlos mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gamoaqvs ganCineba, sadac

konkretulad uTiTebs im saproceso moqmedebas, romelic unda Sesruldes. magali-
Tad: daikiTxos mowme, Catardes daTvaliereba.
sarCelis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli ganCinebis gasaCivrebisagan gansxva-
vebiT, mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCineba saCivrdeba ker-
Zo saCivriT, romelic ganixileba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 414-e-420-e muxle-
biT dadgenili wesiT.
sainteresoa, rogor saCivrdeba sarCelis aRZvramde mtkicebulebis uzrunvel-
yofaze uari: mxares saCivari Seaqvs ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi da sasamarTlo
saqmis masalebTan erTad, saerTo wesiT, agzavnis zemdgom sasamarTloSi, magram gan-
sxvavebuli suraTia, Tu sasamarTlo uars etyvis mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze
mTavar sxdomaze im motiviT, rom mas sarCelis aRZvramde an saqmis mosamzadebel sta-
diaze arasapatio mizeziT ar mouTxovia mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa, miuxedavad
imisa, rom uari saCivrdeba kerZo saCivriT. es ar unda gaxdes saqmis gadadebis safuZ-
veli da saqmeze saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg unda iqnes ganxiluli
gadawyvetilebasTan erTad. samarTlianad Cndeba kiTxva: es xom Cveulebriv saCivars
daemsgavseba, rac Seitaneba iseT ganCinebaze, romelic saboloo gadawyvetilebasTan
erTad saCivrdeba. Cemi azriT, es mxolod procesis gaWianurebis Tavidan acilebisa da
drois ekonomiurobis principiT ver gamarTldeba.
marTalia, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 404-e muxlis meore nawilis Sesabami-
sad, sasamarTlos ganxilvis sagani SeiZleba iyos sasamarTlos is ganCinebebi, romle-
bic win uswrebs sasamarTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebas, magram mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,
Tuki amis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia sakasacio saCivarSi da arsebobs moTxovna am ganCinebis
gauqmebis Sesaxeb, vinaidan samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 404-e muxlis pirveli nawi-
lis pirveli winadadebis Sesabamisad sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas
sakasacio saCivris farglebSi.38

4. mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi/ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa

mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT, procesis nebismier stadiaze gaec-

non mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sekrebil masalebs da gamoTqvan TavianTi
mosazrebebi am masalebisa da, saerTod, uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesrulebul saproce-
so moqmedebebze.39 mxareebs, miuxedavad imisa, monawileobdnen Tu ara isini mtkicebu-
lebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi, ufleba aqvT, gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi da miuTiTon
im xarvezebze, romlebic, maTi azriT, gamovlinda uzrunvelyofis dros.40 Tu mxareebs
aqvT dasabuTebuli SeniSvnebi im xarvezebis Sesaxeb, rac Tan sdevda mtkicebulebebis

38
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2002 wlis 14 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeze: №3k/884-
01.
39
liluaSvili T., xrustali v., samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari, II gadamuSavebuli
da Sesworebuli gamocema, Tb., 2007, 224.
40
qurdaZe S., xunaSvili n., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali, Tb., 2012, 239.
83
 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

uzrunvelyofas, saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos SeuZlia, daadginos mtkicebulebaTa

damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa.
saqmiswarmoebis romel etapzea SesaZlebeli mtkicebulebebis damatebiTi/gan-
meorebiTi uzrunvelyofa – amasTan dakavSirebiT uzenaesi sasamarTlo mis erT-erT
gadawyvetilebaSi ganmartavs, rom, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 117-e muxlis Se-
sabamisad, mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi da ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa sasamarTlos
SeuZlia daadginos saqmis ganxilvis dros da ara saqmiswarmoebis dasrulebis Semdeg.41

5. uzrunvelyofis garantia

SejibrebiTobis principis paralelurad sasamarTlos gadacemuli aqvs proce-

sis materialuri xelmZRvanelobis uflebamosileba. Tumca aq dgeba am ori principis,
– mxareTa SejibrebiTobisa da sasamarTlos aqtiurobis, – proporciis sakiTxi. ra do-
ziT unda moxdes am ori principis Serwyma da gamoyeneba saqmis ganxilvisas ise, rom ar
dairRves samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis fundamenturi principebi?
SejibrebiTobis principi ar unda iqnes gagebuli rogorc sasamarTlos ukidu-
resi pasiuroba, radgan saproceso kanonmdeblobiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia, Tavisi ini-
ciativiT Seagrovos mtkicebulebebi, Tu amas saqmis garemoebebi moiTxovs an mxareebi
amis Taobaze Suamdgomloben.42 erT-erT saqmeSi sakasacio sasamarTlo ar iziarebs sa-
Civris avtoris mosazrebas da ganmartavs, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 199-e
muxli, marTalia, iTvaliswinebs mopasuxis gancxadebis safuZvelze sasamarTlos mier
uzrunvelyofis garantiis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas, magram amave normis Sinaarsidan
gamomdinare, uzrunvelyofis garantiis gamoyeneba dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gan-
mcxadebeli daasabuTebs uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT mosalodneli za-
ralis arsebobis faqts.43 aseve samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 199-e muxlis pirveli
nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis
gamoyenebiT mopasuxes SeiZleba miadges zarali, mas SeuZlia, gamoiyenos sarCelis uz-
runvelyofis RonisZieba da, imavdroulad, mosTxovos pirs, romelmac mimarTa sasa-
marTlos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, meore mxarisaTvis mosalodneli zaralis
anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa. uzrunvelyofis garantia sasamarTlom SeiZleba aseve
gamoiyenos mowinaaRmdege mxaris gancxadebis safuZvelze. dasaxelebuli normis sity-
vasityviTi ganmartebidan gamomdinare, misi moqmedeba, marTalia, mxolod sarCelis
uzrunvelyofisas SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli, Tumca zaralis (zianis) negatiuri Se-
degebidan gamomdinare, misi gamoyeneba dasaSvebia aseve gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
uzrunvelyofis sakiTxis ganxilvisas.
amasTanave, sakasacio palata mizanSewonilad Tvlis, ganmartos, rom mosalodne-

41
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2008 wlis 10 aprilis gadawyvetuleba saqmeze: №as-
258-516-08.
42
gagua i., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli mtkicebis
tvirTis inovaciuri ganawilebis TaviseburebaTa analizi, Jurn. `marTlmsajuleba da
kanoni~, (1(24)10), 75.
43
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2011 wlis 26 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze: №as-
1561-1561-2011.
84
 guliko kaJaSvili, mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofisa da uzrunvelyofis garantiis roli
saqmiswarmoebaSi

li zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gamoyenebaze uaris Tqma TavisTa-

vad ar arTmevs uflebas mopasuxes, zianis dadgomis SemTxvevaSi, saerTo wesis dacviT
moaxdinos misi darRveuli uflebis realizeba.44
aseve Zalian saintereso da mniSvnelovan ganmartebas vxvdebiT uzenaesi sasa-
marTlos mier miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom sarCelis uzrun-
velyofis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis mizania, sarCelis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi sa-
samarTlos gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis realuri garantiis Seqmna da, Sesabamisad,
aRsrulebis SesaZlo dabrkolebis Tavidan acileba. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis proce-
sualuri institutis zemoaRniSnuli ZiriTadi miznidan gamomdinare, yovel konkre-
tul SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlos mier uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gamoyenebisas unda
arsebobdes sarCelis dakmayofilebis varaudi, amasTan, palatam ganmarta, rom sarCe-
lis dakmayofilebis varaudi sarCelis dakmayofilebis albaTobis varaudia da ara aR-
Zruli sarCelis safuZvlianobis Semowmebis Sedegi.
palatam ar gaiziara saCivris avtoris mosazrebebi sasamarTlos mier sarCelis uz-
runvelyofis procesualuri institutis mTavari miznis, rogorc gadawyvetilebis aR-
srulebis garantiis, gauTvaliswineblobis Taobaze da ganmarta, rom sarCelis uzrun-
velyofis gamoyenebisas sasamarTlos mier gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes orive mxaris
interesebi. amdenad, uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT ar unda moxdes mopasuxe
mxaris interesebis gaumarTlebeli Selaxva. swored, modave mxareTa Tanabarzomieri
interesebis dacvis mizniT, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arsebobs sarCelis uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis aucilebloba, magram, amavdroulad, savaraudoa RonisZiebis
gamoyenebiT mopasuxisaTvis zaralis miyenebis SesaZlebloba, uzrunvelyofis Ronis-
Ziebis gamoyenebisas procesualuri kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs uzrunvelyofis ga-
rantiis gamoyenebas (samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 199-e muxli). zemoaRniSnulidan
gamomdinare, palatam ar gaiziara saCivris avtoris mosazreba, rom uzrunvelyofis
garantiis gamoyeneba sarCelis daukmayofileblobis albaTobis varaudzea agebuli.45
uzrunvelyofis garantiis gamoyeneba damokidebulia ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis
Sesrulebis dros sasamarTlo procesis ori urTierTdapirispirebuli mxaris intere-
sebis Tanabrad gaTvaliswinebaze.
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis principebidan gamomdinare, man, vinc axorcie-
lebs romelime uflebas, unda daamtkicos am uflebis damfuZnebeli faqtobrivi ga-
remoebebi, xolo man, vinc Tavs icavs uflebis ganxorcielebisagan, anu ewinaaRmdegeba
am uflebas, unda daamtkicos misi warmoSobis xelSemSleli faqtobrivi garemoebebi,46
radgan sasamarTlo uflebamosili araa, endos mxolod mxareTa sityvebs. mas ar Se-
uZlia, daakmayofilos sasarCelo moTxovna marto imis safuZvelze, rom mosarCeles
Tvlis patiosan adamianad, romelsac ar SeuZlia, warmoadginos (arakanonieri) moTxov-
na da aseve ar SeuZlia, uari uTxras sarCelze, imis gamo, rom mopasuxis uari misi maRali
44
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2012 wlis 15 oqtombris gadawyvetileba saqmeze:
№as-1338-1263-2012.
45
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2013 wlis 1 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: №as-499-
475-2013.
46
Smiti S.S., rihteri h., mosamarTlis mier gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi samoqalaqo
samarTalSi, germaniis saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis sazogadoeba (GIZ), 2013, 25.
85
 samarTlis Jurnali #1, 2016

moraluri Tvisebebis gamo gamoiwvevs srul ndobas. sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs

mxareebis Suamdgomlobebs da mtkicebulebebs im raodenobiT, ramdeniTac mtkicdeba
maTi simarTle (73№473).47

6. daskvna

samarTalwarmoeba rTuli da kompleqsuri procedurebis erTobliobaa da misi

saTanadod ganxorcielebisaTvis mniSvnelovania im midgomebisa da meqanizmebis codna,
romlebic damkvidrebulia ganviTarebul sazogadoebaSi da orientirebulia swraf da
efeqtur Sedegze.
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi federaluri kanonmdeblobis doneze ar areguli-
rebs mtkicebulebebis winaswari uzrunvelyofis valdebulebas, magram, miuxedavad
amisa, am instituts mainc didi adgili uWiravs samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba-
Si da is aris samosamarTlo samarTlis Sedegi.
saqarTveloSi mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi saTanadod unda iqnes
Seswavlili. am mxriv gasaTvaliswinebelia sazRvargareTis praqtikis gacnoba, gaanali-
zeba da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi adaptireba, raTa miviRoT mtkicebulebebis uz-
runvelyofis ufro efeqturi meqanizmi.
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofaze uari
saCivrdeba kerZo saCivriT. ganCinebis kerZo saCivriT gasaCivrebis vada Seadgens Tor-
met dRes da vada aiTvleba ganCinebis mxarisaTvis Cabarebis dRidan. zemdgomi sasamar-
Tlo ki saCivars ganixilavs da gadawyvetilebas iRebs or TveSi. aseve vxvdebiT uzenaesi
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas, sadac weria, rom, marTalia, ganCineba saCivrdeba kerZo
saCivriT, magram es ar unda gaxdes procesis gadadebis mizezi da unda gasaCivrdes sa-
boloo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad. Cemi azriT, aseTi midgoma ukve axdens mtkicebule-
bebis diferencirebas da qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom sasamarTlos ukve winaswar aqvs Se-
xeduleba Camoyalibebuli ama Tu im mtkicebulebaze. radgan mtkicebulebebs erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi, gasaCivrebisa da sa-
Civris ganxilvis vadebi ufro SemWidroebuli unda iyos.
samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT, mtkicebulebis winaswari uzrunvel-
yofisTvis ar aris vada dadgenili. rodesac xdeba sarCelis winaswari uzrunvelyo-
fa, mxarem icis, rom sasamarTloSi sarCeli unda Seitanos aTi dRis vadaSi, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi, uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba gauqmdeba da mxarisaTvis miyenebuli zianis
anazRaurebac ki SeiZleba daekisros, Tu ase moxdeba. ufro efeqturi samarTalwarmoe-
bisTvis kargi iqneba, Tu kanonmdeblobis doneze dadgeba mtkicebulebebis winaswari
uzrunvelyofis vadebis regulirebis sakiTxi. am SemTxvevaSi, mxares ecodineba, ra va-
diTaa uzrunvelyofili misTvis saWiro mtkicebuleba. uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebazec
xom ixarjeba rogorc drois, aseve adamianuri resursi. Sesabamisad, saWiroa moxdes am
resursis efeqturi gamoyeneba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, saxeze iqneba Taroze Semodebu-
li araerTi dokumenti.

47
Треушников М.К., Хрестоматия по гражданскому процессу. Москва, 1996, 94.

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