Pr1 - Chapter 1 g6 (Newest Edition) (Finalize)
Pr1 - Chapter 1 g6 (Newest Edition) (Finalize)
A Research Project
Iriga City
Practical Research 1
Oronan, Dor M.
The Problem
Introduction
The environment is the foundation of all life on Earth, providing us with the air we
breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. However, human activities such as
deforestation, pollution, and industrialization have severely impacted the natural world.
These actions have led to climate change, habitat destruction, and a decline in
biodiversity. If we do not take action to protect the environment, next generations will
One of the problems that is facing by our economy is that it is dealing with severe
pollution caused by neglecting trash and other things that can damage it. (Nathanson,
J.A. 2020). In addition to that, the neglect of the messes can worsen especially and it is
inhabited by many bacteria and dirty insects that can cause the people to have
diseases, viruses and the worst of it is death. So it's a big problem for our environment
that we don't care about the waste that can destroy it. It will also have a big impact on
those who earn a living, especially food vendors, because they cannot avoid being
because every morning they see garbage scattered around there corner while the dog
is scratching it. apart from that, it also disturbs those who pass by and live near it. the
same in our school, we often see garbage on the side and garbage scattered.
So the researcher came up with a way to solve this problem. This is Proper Waste
Management where we inform people of the importance of being clean and having
discipline when it comes to litter and garbage so that we can prevent the spread of
pollution that can cause illness to us and the citizens. It also states the proper
Proper waste management should be implemented in our area or school so that people
know the importance of being disciplined when it comes to our litter and garbage. It can
also help us keep our environment clean and tidy. The importance of implementing
proper waste management will help the students to have a better working environment
and it can also benefit teachers, parents, and visitors in school. Promoting students'
more eco-friendly environment and reducing waste disposal costs also helps the
school's reputation to have a positive impression on parents visitors and the community.
Theoretical Framework
planning, organization, and control of activities that have an impact on the environment.
environment. This theory supports the idea that structured and well-implemented waste
management policies can significantly reduce environmental harm and enhance health
(Ajzen, 1991.) is also relevant. This theory suggests that individuals actions are guided
by their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In the context of
waste management in the senior high school department, students and staff are more
likely to practice proper waste disposal and segregation when they have a positive
attitude toward it, feel social pressure to comply, and believe they have the capacity to
perform these actions. Educational programs and awareness campaigns can therefore
The Environmental Stewardship Theory says that people have a responsibility to take
care of the environment. This means we should throw our trash properly and avoid
actions that can harm nature. If we don’t manage our waste the right way, it can cause
pollution, sickness, and other problems for people, animals, and plants.
The second idea is the 3Rs, which stands for Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. These are
• Reuse means using things more than once instead of throwing them away.
• Recycle means turning used materials into new things so they don’t go to waste.
This framework helps guide the study in understanding how students, families, and
communities can do better in managing their waste. It shows that if we all take small
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework illustrates the relationship between the factors influencing
proper waste management and the expected outcomes within the senior high school
department.
Input:
Process:
Output:
Figure 2:
Conceptual Paradigm
This framework demonstrates that proper implementation of inputs and processes will
lead to improved waste management practices among senior high school students and
staff. It also highlights the role of education, infrastructure, and active participation in
This study saw the things that the students are facing regarding Waste Management.
and we can also see here what they are doing regarding said Waste Management.
Management?
3. What Are The Coping Strategies Of The Students To Address This Challenges?
4. That Proper Waste Management At The Senior High School Department Is Going To
Help Students And Teachers To Have A Better Working And Learning Environment.
5.That Proper Waste Management Is Not Only Going To Help The Senior High School
This study focuses on Proper Waste Management at the Senior High School
department at the University of Saint Anthony Iriga City. The data collection will be
conducted randomly among senior high students in the University of Saint Anthony Iriga
City S/Y 2024 - 2025. This study was conducted for the purpose of informing the
students of the senior high school department about waste management. Because most
of the senior high school students do not follow proper waste management and forget
segregating waste. It will give a student a realization that the correct and incorrect
segregation of waste has a big impact. at the end of this discussion the students will
know that the major problem is the improper disposal of garbage in our area.
TEACHER. The given data would guide the teacher on why he needs to inform his
students of the importance of proper garbage disposal and what will be its effects. And
PARENTS. Like the teachers, parents will also understand the importance of proper
garbage disposal through the given data. The given data will help them to convey to
THE SHS DEPARTMENT. The senior high school department will be interested to
when it comes to waste segregation. And to make and keep the department clean.
GOVERNMENT. The government will find ways to make sure that proper waste
management is applicable in every part of the city or country in order to maintain the
Definition of Terms
Waste Management – Waste management refers to the collection, transportation,
disposal, and recycling of waste materials in a safe and efficient manner. In the context
minimize, segregate, and properly dispose of various types of waste such as paper,
plastics, food scraps, and hazardous materials, thereby promoting a clean and healthy
school environment.
different categories based on its type and potential for recycling or disposal. At the
senior high school level, this typically includes classifying waste into biodegradable,
non-biodegradable, and hazardous types, and using color-coded bins to facilitate proper
conservation. These include initiatives such as reducing the use of single-use plastics,
reusing materials, composting biodegradable waste, and educating students about the
According to (Nguyen et al. 2023) waste management brings high costs to developing
residents and the government's commitment to maintain its management. This study
uses social skills to find out how responsible people are in waste management in
Vietnam. Being a developing country, it is inevitable that products will become waste
regarding this due to disposal. Therefore, they conducted research by conducting focus
including areas prone to waste. Data analysis was conducted using inductive and
deductive coding principles and an interpretivist approach. The findings show residents'
factors that facilitate or hinder sustainable waste management practices from the
can facilitate sustainable waste management practices, the social context is what
motivates or discourages and can shape a practice into a habit. The study therefore
provides useful implications for a sustainable waste management system that will
communities, businesses, formal and informal waste sectors, and social organizations.
According to (Raab, 2024) The way people dispose of products has a significant impact
important. While academic research has attempted to address this issue, it has often
overlooked the fact that waste developed regions. There has also been a lack of
structured reviews that clearly identify key themes in this area. This study helps fill that
gap by mapping key research topics on solid waste management and the disposal
and practitioners working towards better waste practices by highlighting useful theories
solutions, with a strong focus on recycling and the theory of planned behavior.
According to (Fadhullah et al. 2022) Poor waste disposal practices hinder progress
duty for urban administrators and serves as a key indicator of effective governance.
When properly implemented, solid waste management helps reduce health risks,
protect the environment, conserve resources, and enhance overall urban livability.
However, unsustainable SWM practices, often intensified by rapid urban growth and
financial or institutional constraints, can lead to significant public health challenges and
environmental harm.
According to (Mohova et al. 2020) The article provides industry statistics on waste
systems in Europe, with a focus on Germany. It also addresses the legal regulation of
the waste management sector in Russia, highlighting the creation of a market for
also one of the problems of the Philippines in recent years due to the continuous
improper disposal of waste. just like in different places in the philippines we can see that
there is a lot of clutter here that causes disease and the spread of bacteria. in addition
to that, dumping waste into bodies of water such as rivers and seas also becomes
things that our government and people need to focus on. because the Philippines
continues to increase the amount of waste and it is expected that it will increase even
more next year, As reviewed, associated problems with solid waste management in the
country include an increasing amount of solid waste, weak law implementation, scarcity
of sanitary landfills, and improper disposal. The ultimate solution existing in the country
is the RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which highlights
the practices of segregation, proper disposal, and waste diversion. The importance of
discipline which can also address other environmental problems such as the depletion
of natural resources. These solutions enumerated will only be possible with the
presence of good governance, active participation of the people of the country, and the
affect the health and learning experience of students and staff, as overflowing trash
cans, scattered trash, and improper disposal of materials can attract pests, cause
unpleasant odors, and increase the risk of illness, while also creating a distracting and
dirty environment that weakens focus, lowers a bad environmental example, and lowers
persistent challenge, with some impacts appearing immediately and others emerging
over time, making sustainable daily management crucial. This study examined how
Facility (MRF). Based on a survey of faculty, staff, students, and concessionaires, the
findings indicate moderate overall performance, with high scores in waste treatment but
lower scores for recycling, highlighting the need for expert planning, waste separation,
composting, and policy improvements to reach zero waste and align with the 2030
management is a major environmental issue in the Philippines, despite efforts like the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001. This study evaluated the compliance
of selected barangays in Cebu City with waste management practices based on the 3Rs
(reduce, reuse, recycle), using a descriptive quantitative approach with 1523 residents
compliance with key policies like segregation, composting, and recycling, while
moderate compliance was observed for waste collection and penalties, highlighting the
According to (Asmawati Desa, 2012), All materials have some form of utility, yet human
perception often separates them into useful and waste, overlooking the potential value
in discarded items. Studies have shown that school-based education on solid waste
environmental challenge, with daily waste generation rising sharply from 17,000 tonnes
in 2002 to over 23,000 tonnes currently, reflecting the urgent need for improved systems
According to (Baird, 2016) Many studies have explored the origins, composition, and
risks of waste, as well as the best global practices for managing it, but the definition of
what truly counts as waste remains unclear. This paper examines this question through
a review of previous research, finding that the concept of waste is often subjective, as
one person's trash can be another's resource, highlighting the need for clearer
According to (Tan et al. 2020) Asia is both a major producer and importer of plastic
waste, generating around 79 million tonnes from municipal solid waste and 42 million
tonnes from industrial sources. However, the region struggles with effective plastic
waste management, with 98% of imported waste remaining in Asia for treatment after
export adjustments. Since China banned plastic waste imports in 2018, the volume of
plastic waste imports to Asia has dropped sharply, prompting other Asian nations like
According to (Naderi et al. 2025). Natural disasters can generate large volumes of
waste, with the severity of their impact often influenced by the effectiveness of waste
management systems in place. This study analyzed global trends in disaster frequency,
waste management, and their consequences from 1900 to 2023, revealing that Asia
experiences the highest number of natural disasters, while Oceania has the fewest, and
that hydrological, meteorological, biological, and geophysical events are the main
sources of disaster related waste. Despite some developed nations having robust
management frameworks, highlighting the need for improved public education, better
debris, the mixing and scattering of waste, and disruptions to collection due to damaged
management can lead to severe environmental harm, sanitation issues, and prolonged
system. This paper presents findings from a field study conducted in the Roya Valley
(southern France) following Storm Alex in 2020, focusing on how the local waste
management system adapted to the crisis. It explores the shifting roles of waste
management actors, including the introduction of new stakeholders and the temporary
loss of others, as well as the emergence of new waste handling sites. Using functional
analysis, the study examines waste system evolution across six critical phases of
response, rehabilitation, and long-term recovery. The results reveal the complex
conditions. Additionally, the study underscores the challenges these actors face in
broader discussions about the evolving roles and responsibilities of waste management
According to (Layosa, 2016). City of Iriga is geared towards attaining the ecological
balance of the city, more particularly in the urban area, following the provisions set forth
wastes into bio-organic fertilizers. The major programs undertaken by the GSO office
were the maintenance of a dumping site Eco Park, establishment of the Eco-Park
conversion of controlled dumpsite to Eco Park facilities, construction of septic vaults for
tree planting activities, daily collection of solid waste including CBD and maintenance of
for many countries, as poor practices can lead to health, environmental, and socio-
concepts related to solid waste management have been integrated into science
education under R.A. No. 9003. This study used a descriptive-quantitative approach
with the Solid Waste Management Awareness and Practices Questionnaire to assess
332 Grade 12 students from a state college, including STEM, TVL, and GAS students.
The findings indicate that while students generally understand the basics of solid waste,
its impacts, and proper disposal practices, their knowledge of specific waste
management laws is limited. Television, radio, parents, and social media were the
primary sources of this awareness, and the students demonstrated good waste
According to (Vallente et al, 2022) The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the widespread
use and improper disposal of disposable masks, creating new environmental and public
health risks. This study examined the knowledge and self-reported practices of 13,116
88.41% were knowledgeable about proper disposal, with most respondents consistently
practicing proper disposal mask disposal. The findings also showed a significant
factors like age, sex, education level, income, and type of residence, highlighting the
need for targeted awareness campaigns using accessible platforms like social media.
According to (Lunag jr & Elauria, 2021) An upland city in the Philippines struggles with
waste management, with biowaste being the largest component of its municipal solid
biowaste, finding that average per capita production ranges from 0.04 to 0.31 kg/day,
with a five-member household generating about 0.55 kg daily, mostly consisting of food
scraps (46%), kitchen waste (41%), and smaller amounts of yard waste and wet paper.
The results highlight the need for decentralized biological treatment at the household
level, as over half of respondents do not currently divert their biowaste at the source.
According to (Domingo & Manejar, 2021) Waste management has been a persistent
challenge in both urban and rural areas, prompting the passage of Republic Act 9003,
or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, aimed at protecting public
assessed the law's implementation at national and local levels, revealing varied
approaches, including successful cases like the Payatas dumpsite transition in Quezon
City, innovative waste clustering in Teresa, Rizal, and strong public-private partnerships
in San Fernando, Pampanga. However, the study also noted that simply transferring
need for faster transitions, better national-local coordination, and investment in modern
sustainable practices among students.(Haniva et al. 2024) argue that the successful
implementation of waste separation systems within schools not only reduces the
amount of waste generated but also instills lifelong environmental values in young
the curriculum can significantly enhance awareness and change behavior towards
waste reduction. (Diola, 2016) emphasizes the critical role of school administrators in
schools and local government units strengthens waste management initiatives through
technical support and policy alignment. Collectively, the existing literature emphasizes
that proper waste management in the Senior High School Department is a multifaceted
impacts.
Research Gap
Based on our personal experience and after asking the janitors around the campus, we
found that the Senior High School Department has been lacking proper waste
management not only in the Senior High School Department but also in other
departments. This issue has been noticeable for a very long time, but no one took
action until 2023, which was the year when the University of Saint Anthony began
placing trash bins. ever since the segregation in Senior High School department has
been better but it's still lacking the proper waste management that we are trying to
achieve. The challenges that the researchers have encountered was the following;
1.Poor waste management sytems like lack of trash bins recycling facilities and proper
disposal methods 2. Lack of resources for janitors to use and lastly 3. Students behavior
END NOTES
1.https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=OBALLLxcKaw&pp=ygUfaW50cm9kdWN0aW9uIGNoYXB0ZXIgMSByZXNlYXJjaA
%3D
%3D&fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAYnJpZBExVkNTOVVyc1NhUmQ0RVU1NwEeRP
96xmbogEC_0OVuO51X3OudV_bdTPIQ2mxHGM2qt_wAzuuguBE4Qjb4xdI_aem_SB
W3MDEq2nU2LCjWqxmZXw
2.https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=vLA5vNgTsj4&pp=ygUiaG93IHRvIHdyaXRlIHRoZW9yZXRpY2FsIGZyYW1ld29ya9IH
CQl-CQGHKiGM7w%3D
%3D&fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAYnJpZBExVkNTOVVyc1NhUmQ0RVU1NwEepx6
K3gXGYJwyJA7uT1eTPwcMdSQy7fBgcf_6mPVT7aNI9MzEoAN3zw6UHd4_aem_2RS
CFLQKOTrvzmRF-hy4kw
3.https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=vUdIv6qSO5A&pp=ygUic2NvcGUgYW5kIGRlbGltaXRhdGlvbiBvZiByZXNlYXJjaA
%3D
%3D&fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAYnJpZBExVkNTOVVyc1NhUmQ0RVU1NwEerIlf
ZAq7W5ytH0F0YZf5HPXN46igFZMs3K5VyUu-
3_TUny9thOPNjkLOJA0_aem_JlEzk_EQmLd1Ft7auD_ZoA
4. https://youtu.be/sRDncFtTesw?si=Iq3zZUNIXZ_ggena
5. https://www.prysmian.com/en/insight/sustainability/the-importance-of-waste-
management?
fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAYnJpZBExVkNTOVVyc1NhUmQ0RVU1NwEefW5jfegy
RV_IpHwLACVc8pg1S7h6A3I1ssnrICTHgat_ecZJgCcLZpP0Tzk_aem_Lsqp5Hj8QJLC
OePvHzlH-w
6.https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/theoretical-framework/?
fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAYnJpZBExVkNTOVVyc1NhUmQ0RVU1NwEeY7Q3Sq8
oDShc0Gu7uHkjUS394RU6malyW2TWdM0Scp77oIimbI9dO3PJ4cM_aem_ckub36GZ
EfcoeMwnEDE09A
7.https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/conceptual-framework/?
fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAYnJpZBExVkNTOVVyc1NhUmQ0RVU1NwEezXkIC7Gt
sgs5EqPb4rwctcOfQa_osYYBaYfGHPIHv4GECMfBmhyAwXSs1Fk_aem_WoeZhIXks3r
eDDIE9J49Yg
8.https://www.discoverphds.com/blog/scope-and-delimitations?
fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAYnJpZBExVkNTOVVyc1NhUmQ0RVU1NwEeY7Q3Sq8
oDShc0Gu7uHkjUS394RU6malyW2TWdM0Scp77oIimbI9dO3PJ4cM_aem_ckub36GZ
EfcoeMwnEDE09A
10. Nguyen, A. T., Nguyen, N., Phung, P., & Yến-Khanh, N. (2023). Residents’ waste
11. Raab, K. (2024). A literature review on solid waste management and disposal
12. Fadhullah, W., Imran, N. I. N., Ismail, S. N. S., Jaafar, M. H., & Abdullah, H. (2022).
Household solid waste management practices and perceptions among residents in the
13. Abubakar, I. R., Maniruzzaman, K. M., Dano, U. L., AlShihri, F. S., AlShammari, M.
S., Ahmed, S. M. S., ... & Alrawaf, T. I. (2022). Environmental sustainability impacts of
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16. Haniva, R., Butar, S. B., & Ambarita, N. (2024). Waste management in schools as
1(2).
CHAPTER 2
Research Methodology
This chapter provides the details of the instrument used in gathering data and
Research Design
method which refers to research that elaborates or explains not just behind the reason
of between the relationship of two factors, but also explaining about how the relationship
exist. And in a descriptive form which refers to relaying ideas and facts about this topic
and describing thoroughly what has happen in the gathering of information to sustain
The key informants in this research work are the senior high school department
because they are mature enough to know about the proper waste management. We will
this study focuses on the proper waste management at the senior high school
department. the study is for senior high school students of USANT. too gather
information in senior high school students between January and April in senior high
can develop and gain information for them to come up with their recommendation.
The researchers will conduct an interview to gather information relating to the main
problem in this study. The researchers will structured interview some of students
because they are mature enough and they have proper knowledge in this matter.
CHAPTER 3
the method of interviewing the Senior High School students of University Of Saint
Anthony.
According to our respondents in the senior high school students of USANT, some of
students said that waste management in school will help students to be more discipline
when it comes to segregating their waste. And will help the school and the students to
be more productive in physical activites and in studies which can help them to be more
focus in their work without being distracted or affecting their health because of clean
environment that serves good benefits not only to students but also the
their waste is an overloaded trash can due to the mixed up of all litters. Because some
of the students put biodegradable waste into non–biodegradable waste. And beside that
lack of trash bins in school,some of the places in the school has still not enough trash
bins for students to use that the out come of this is students will just throw away their
trash anywhere and the school also lacks different programs to help maintain a safe and
clean environment that can reduce the overload of trashes in our school.
Some of the students said that the consequences of lack of awareness in waste is we
neglect the garbage everywhere because we don't know what its possible effects are.
And because of this, the trash will just roam around the department resulting to negative
effects on our health. And having different diseases that the students can accumulate
inside the school grounds,it also affects not only students but also the eco system in our
school.
The respondents will encourage their peers to participate in waste management in order
to build a group that is disciplined when it comes to waste management. It also have a
good impact on the Senior high school department due to the awareness about waste.
5.Recommendation:
The researchers recommend that we must discipline ourselves when it comes to waste.
Because our health is important than anything else and one of the things that we can do
in order to protect our health is to be clean and aware of our surroundings. And to
participate when it comes to cleanliness and for the good of your own health.
Chapter 4
SUMMARY
In summary we found that the shs department has poor proper waste
environment for our students and teachers we also implement a comprehensive waste
in trash bins our the things that we come up to reduce more waste.
FINDINGS
The School University, particularly senior high school, generate a considered amount of
waste daily, With continously increasing students populations and school activities,
managing our waste responsibility has become very critical. Effective waste
management contributes not only to our environmental preservation but also to the
CONCLUSION
The questionnaire found that while waste management procedures are in place within
the senior high school institution, their implementation is not persistent and largely
ineffectual. Most of the workers and pupils are aware of the importance of disposing of
refuse appropriately, but insufficient indoctrination, inefficient facilities, and lack of strong
enforcement mean weak segregation and dumping of garbage. Classrooms and the
canteen were also quoted as being the major areas of waste with high concentrations of
RECOMMENDATION
Our recommendation especially for the senior high school department of University of
Saint Anthony that before they throw their trashes in the trash bins, they should identify
first their trash and what trash bin it’s going in. They are the hope for our department
and if they cannot properly segregate waste to lessen the environmental damage. We
recommend that please segregate your trash properly to not just help our learning
environment but also our beloved janitors. Please consider the health of everyone in the
Senior High School department. We strongly recommend that if you see trash that are
not properly segregated, please help our janitors and put it in the right bin so it won’t
create mismanaged waste. Tell your friends that is in the senior high school department
to properly segregate their trashes because five properly waste segregating students is
better than one. And we also recommend the Senior High School Department to
implement a Clear Waste Segregation System like provide more clearly labeled and
color coded bins for our student and conduct periodic activity about proper waste
segregation. We need to act right now before it gets too late and severe and we can