Year 8 Knowledge Organiser

INTRODUCING PROBABILITY
Key Words
Key Concept Probability: The chance Examples
of something happening 1) What is the probability that a bead chosen will
Chance as a numerical value. be yellow.
Impossible: The Show the answer on a number line.
outcome cannot
happen.
Certain: The outcome 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
will definitely happen. 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
1 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Even chance: The are 2 1
two different outcomes 𝑃 𝑌𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = =
8 4
each with the same
chance of happening.
Probabilities can be written as: Expectation: The
- Fractions amount of times you
- Decimals 2) How many yellow beads would you expect if you pulled a
expect an outcome to
- Percentages bead out and replaced it 40 times?
happen based on
probability. 1 1
× 40 = 𝑜𝑓40 = 10
4 4
Tip
Clip Numbers Probabilities always add Questions
349 - 359 up to 1. In a bag of skittles there are 12 red, 9 yellow, 6 blue and 3 purple left.
Find: a) P(Red) b) P(Yellow) c) P(Red or purple) d) P(Green)
Formula
𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
2 30 10 30 5 30
d) 0 = c) = b) = ANSWERS: 1) a)
= 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 1 15 3 9 2 12
 Year 8 Knowledge Organiser
FURTHER PROBABILITY
Key Concept Key Words Examples
Probability: The In Hannah’s class there are 32 students.
P(A ∩ B) chance of something 15 of these students are boys.
happening as a 7 of the boys have a pet.
numerical value.
9 girls do not have a pet.
Impossible: The
outcome cannot 7
happen.
15
P(A U B) 15 𝑃 𝑏𝑜𝑦 =
Certain: The outcome 32
will definitely happen. 8
Even chance: The are
two different
32
P(A’ ∩ B) outcomes each with 8 𝑃 𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ
8
𝑝𝑒𝑡
the same chance of
17 =
happening. 32
Mutually Exclusive: 9
Two events that
cannot both occur at
the same time.
359,360, 374-388, Questions
1) Draw a two-way table for the question above.
422-424 Formula 2) Find the probability that a pupil chosen is a boy with no pets.
𝑃 𝐴∩𝐵 =𝑃 𝐴 ×𝑃 𝐵 3) A girl is chosen, what is the probability she has a pet?
𝑃 𝐴∪𝐵 =𝑃 𝐴 +𝑃 𝐵
17 32
𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝐸 𝑃 𝐴∪𝐵 8
3)
8
2) ANSWERS:
=𝑃 𝐴 +𝑃 𝐵 −𝑃 𝐴∩𝐵