SCILAB PROGRAM
Name- Sanskar Chauhan
Roll. No. -1930183
4th Sem ,2nd Year
University Roll. No. -19036567092
Second Order ODE
With Initial Vaules
The Differential equation used here is:
2y"+5y'-3y=0
with intial values y(0)=1 & y'(0)=4
To solve this equation , we substitute
z=y'
So equation becomes--
2z'+5z-3y=0
⇒ z'=(3y-5z)/2 with z(0)=1 & z'(0)=4
Then we solve it like first ODE.The exact solution of
above Differential equation is--
y= 2e½x - e-3x
Using Runga Kutta-4 Method
Code:
clc;
function dy=f(x,y,z)
dy=[(3*y)-(5*z)]/2;
endfunction
x0=0;
y0=1;
z0=4;
h=0.1;
x=x0;y=y0;z=z0;
for i=1:5
x(i+1)=x(i)+h
z(i+1)=z(i)+h
k1=h*z(i)
l1=h*f(x(i),y(i),z(i))
k2=h*(z(i)+l1/2)
l2=h*f(x(i)+h/2,y(i)+k1/2,z(i)+l1/2)
k3=h*(z(i)+l2/2)
l3=h*f(x(i)+h/2,y(i)+k2/2,z(i)+l2/2)
k4=h*(z(i)+l3)
l4=h*f(x(i)+h,y(i)+k3,z(i)+l3)
y(i+1)=y(i)+(1/6)*(k1+2*k2+2*k3+k4)
z(i+1)=z(i)+(1/6)*(l1+2*l2+2*l3+l4)
end
g=[x,y,z]
disp(g,"g=");
plot(x,y,'r.-');
yexact=2*exp((1/2)*x)-exp(-3*x);
error=yexact-y;
t=[x y yexact error]
disp(t,"t=");
plot(x,yexact,'b--');
xtitle('Using Runga Kutta-4 Method');
legend('y','yexact');
xlabel("x");
ylabel("y/yexact");
Output:
g=
x. y. y'
0. 1. 4.
0.1 1.3617047 3.2737836
0.2 1.6615016 2.7516915
0.3 1.9170671 2.3816384
0.4 2.1415799 2.1250794
0.5 2.3448916 1.953503
t=
x. y. yexact. Error
0. 1. 1. 0.
0.1 1.3617047 1.361724 0.0000193
0.2 1.6615016 1.6615302 0.0000286
0.3 1.9170671 1.9170988 0.0000318
0.4 2.1415799 2.1416113 0.0000314
0.5 2.3448916 2.3449207 0.0000291
Plot:-
Using Runga Kutta-2 Method
Code:
clc;
function dy=f(x,y,z)
dy=[(3*y)-(5*z)]/2;
endfunction
x0=0;
y0=1;
z0=4;
h=0.1;
x=x0;y=y0;z=z0;
for i=1:5
x(i+1)=x(i)+h
k1=h*z(i)
l1=h*f(x(i),y(i),z(i))
k2=h*(z(i)+l1)
l2=h*f(x(i)+h,y(i)+k1,z(i)+l1)
y(i+1)=y(i)+(1/2)*(k1++k2)
z(i+1)=z(i)+(1/2)*(l1+l2)
end
g=[x,y,z];
disp(g,"g=");
plot(x,y,'b.-');
yexact=2*exp((1/2)*x)-exp(-3*x);
error=yexact-y;
t=[x y yexact error];
disp(t,"t=");
plot(x,yexact,'r--');
legend('y','yexact');
xtitle ("Using Runga Kutta-2 Method");
xlabel("x");
ylabel("y/yexact");
Output:
g=
x. y. y'
0. 1. 4.
0.1 1.3575 3.28625
0.2 1.6552281 2.7702016
0.3 1.910035 2.4022452
0.4 2.1345567 2.145463
0.5 2.3382939 1.9723945
t=
x. y. yexact. Error
0. 1. 1. 0.
0.1 1.3575 1.361724 0.0042240
0.2 1.6552281 1.6615302 0.0063021
0.3 1.910035 1.9170988 0.0070639
0.4 2.1345567 2.1416113 0.0070546
0.5 2.3382939 2.3449207 0.0066268
Plot:-
Using Euler's Method
Code:
clc;
function dy=f(x,y,z)
dy=[(3*y)-(5*z)]/2;
endfunction
x0=0;
y0=1;
z0=4;
h=0.1;
x=x0;y=y0;z=z0;
for i=1:5
x(i+1)=x(i)+h
y(i+1)=y(i)+h*z(i)
z(i+1)=z(i)+h*f(x(i),y(i),z(i))
end
g=[x,y,z];
disp(g,"g=");
plot(x,y,'b.-');
yexact=2*exp((1/2)*x)-exp(-3*x);
error=yexact-y;
t=[x y yexact error];
disp(t,"t=");
plot(x,yexact,'r--');
xtitle('Using Eulers Method');
legend('y','yexact');
xlabel("x");
ylabel("y/yexact");
Output:
g=
x. y. y'
0. 1. 4.
0.1 1.4 3.15
0.2 1.715 2.5725
0.3 1.97225 2.186625
0.4 2.1909125 1.9358062
0.5 2.3844931 1.7804916
t=
x. y. yexact. Error
0. 1. 1. 0.
0.1 1.4 1.361724 - 0.0382760
0.2 1.715 1.6615302 - 0.0534698
0.3 1.97225 1.9170988 - 0.0551512
0.4 2.1909125 2.1416113 - 0.0493012
0.5 2.3844931 2.3449207 - 0.0395725
Plot:-
Using In-Built Scilab Function
The Differential equation used here is:
2y"+5y'-3y = 0
with intial values y(0) = 1 & y'(0) = 4
We substitute ,
z1 = y(x)
z2 =
y'(x)
So equation becomes--
z1' = z2
z2' = (3z1-5z2)/2
with z1(0) = 1 & z2(0) = 4
.The exact solution of above Differential equation is--
y = 2e½x - e-3x
Code:
clc;
function dz=f(x,z)
dz(1)=z(2);
dz(2)=[(3*z(1))-(5*z(2))]/2;
endfunction
z0=0;
y0=1;
y0p=4;
z=0:0.1:0.5;
sol=ode([y0;y0p],z0,z,f)
g=[z' sol(1,:)'];
disp(g,"x. & y=");
plot2d(z,sol(1,:),5);
yexact=2*exp((1/2)*z)-exp(-3*z)
error=yexact-sol(1,:);
h=[z' sol(1,:)' yexact' error'];
disp(h,"x,y,yexact,error=");
plot2d(z,yexact,-1);
legend('y','yexact');
xlabel("x");
ylabel ("y/yexact");
Output:
x. & y=
x. y
0. 1.
0.1 1.3617239
0.2 1.6615301
0.3 1.9170987
0.4 2.1416112
0.5 2.3449206
x, y, yexact, error =
x. y. yexact. error
0. 1. 1. 0.
0.1 1.3617239 1.361724 4.419D-08
0.2 1.6615301 1.6615302 0.0000001
0.3 1.9170987 1.9170988 7.976D-08
0.4 2.1416112 2.1416113 7.080D-08
0.5 2.3449206 2.3449207 3.969D-08
Plot:-
