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Machine-Learning-MBA-Unit 4 Machine_Learning-MBA-unit-3

Supervised learning is a machine learning approach where algorithms learn from labeled training data to predict outputs for new inputs. It includes two main types: classification, which predicts discrete labels, and regression, which predicts continuous values. Applications span various fields, including healthcare, education, transportation, and agriculture, utilizing methods like decision trees and logistic regression.

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3 views5 pages

Machine-Learning-MBA-Unit 4 Machine_Learning-MBA-unit-3

Supervised learning is a machine learning approach where algorithms learn from labeled training data to predict outputs for new inputs. It includes two main types: classification, which predicts discrete labels, and regression, which predicts continuous values. Applications span various fields, including healthcare, education, transportation, and agriculture, utilizing methods like decision trees and logistic regression.

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Unit 4

Supervised learning

A training set of examples with the correct responses (targets) is provided and, based on
this training set, the algorithm generalises to respond correctly to all possible inputs. This is
also called learning from examples. Supervised learning is the machine learning task of
learning a function that maps an input to an output based on example input-output pairs.

A “supervised learning” is so called because the process of an algorithm learning from the
training dataset can be thought of as a teacher supervising the learning process. We know the
correct answers (that is, the correct outputs), the algorithm iteratively makes predictions on
the training data and is corrected by the teacher. Learning stops when the algorithm achieves
an acceptable level of performance.

In supervised learning, each example in the training set is a pair consisting of an input object
(typically a vector) and an output value. A supervised learning algorithm analyzes the
training data and produces a function, which can be used for mapping new examples. In the
optimal case, the function will correctly determine the class labels for unseen instances.

Example
Consider the following data regarding patients entering a clinic. The data
consists of the gender and age of the patients and each patient is labeled as
“healthy” or “sick”.

Types of Supervised Learning


There are two types of Supervised Learning Methods – Classification and Regression.

Classification is a supervised machine learning method where the model tries to predict the
correct label of a given input data. In classification, the model is fully trained using the
training data, and then it is evaluated on test data before being used to perform prediction on
new unseen data.

For instance, an algorithm can learn to predict whether a given email is spam or ham (no
spam), as illustrated below.
Machine Learning Classification Vs. Regression

There are four main categories of Machine Learning algorithms: supervised, unsupervised,
semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning.

Even though classification and regression are both from the category of supervised learning,
they are not the same.

 The prediction task is a classification when the target variable is discrete. An application is
the identification of the underlying sentiment of a piece of text.
 The prediction task is a regression when the target variable is continuous. An example can be
the prediction of the salary of a person given their education degree, previous work
experience, geographical location, and level of seniority.

Examples of Machine Learning Classification in Real Life

Supervised Machine Learning Classification has different applications in multiple domains of

our da y-to-day life. Below are some examples.

Healthcare

Training a machine learning model on historical patient data can help healthcare specialists
accurately analyze their diagnoses:
 During the COVID-19 pandemic, machine learning models were implemented to efficiently
predict whether a person had COVID-19 or not.

 Researchers can use machine learning models to predict new diseases that are more
likely to emerge in the future.
Education

Education is one of the domains dealing with the most textual, video, and audio data. This
unstructured information can be analyzed with the help of Natural Language technologies to
perform different tasks such as:

 The classification of documents per category.


 Automatic identification of the underlying language of students' documents during their
application.
 Analysis of students’ feedback sentiments about a Professor.
Transportation

Transportation is the key component of many countries' economic development. As a result,


industries are using machine and deep learning models:

 To predict which geographical location will have a rise in traffic volume.


 Predict potential issues that may occur in specific locations due to weather conditions.
Sustainable agriculture

Agriculture is one of the most valuable pillars of human survival. Introducing sustainability
can help improve farmers' productivity at a different level without damaging the
environment:

 By using classification models to predict which type of land is suitable for a given type of
seed.
 Predict the weather to help them take proper preventive measures.

Different classification Methods/Algorithms


 Decision Tree
 Logistic Regression.
 Support Vector Machine.
Naive Bayes
Gradient Boosting
 Artificial Neural Networks.
 K-Nearest Neighbour
Different Types of Classification Tasks in Machine Learning

There are mainly two main classification tasks in Machine learning: binary, multi-class
classifications.

Binary Classification

In a binary classification task, the goal is to classify the input data into two mutually
exclusive categories. The training data in such a situation is labelled in a binary format: true
and false; positive and negative; O and 1; spam and not spam, etc. depending on the problem
being tackled. For instance, we might want to detect whether a given image is a truck or a
boat.

Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machines algorithms, Decision tree are natively
designed for binary classifications.

Multi-Class Classification
The multi-class classification, on the other hand, has at least two mutually exclusive class
labels, where the goal is to predict to which class a given input example belongs to. In the
following case, the model correctly classified the image to be a plane.

Most of the binary classification algorithms can be also used for multi-class classification.
These algorithms include but are not limited to:

 Random Forest
 Naive Bayes
 K-Nearest Neighbours
 Gradient Boosting
 SVM
 Logistic Regression.

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