HORMISDALLEN SCHOOLS

ENGLISH LESSON NOTES FOR PRIMARY TWO TERM 1 2023

GRAMMAR

THEME: OUR SCHOOL AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

SUB THEME: Location, symbols and benefits of our school
Names of things at school (Nouns)
That add “s”
Lesson 1
One (singular) many (plural)
ruler rulers
book books
bell bells
table tables
chair chairs
ruler rulers
pencil pencils
pen pens
flag flags
uniform uniforms
school schools
duster dusters
badge badges
basket baskets
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cup cups
plate plates
flower flowers
tree trees
girl girls

Activity
Give the plural form of the underlined words
1. The badge has many colours.
____________________________________
2. That is a school uniform
_____________________________________
3. The flower is in the pot.
_____________________________________
4. I use a ruler to draw lines
_____________________________________
5. The girl is drawing a picture
_____________________________________

Lesson 2
Names of things that add “es”
Singular (one) Plural (many)
bench benches
church churches
watch watches
torch torches
match matches

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branch branches
cockroach cockroaches
box boxes
fox
tax taxes
class classes
glass glasses
dress
bus
mattress mattresses
brush brushes
dish
mango mangoes
potato potatoes
tomato
mosquito

Activity
1. Complete the table below
Singular (one) Plural (many)
bench
buses
Fox
mangoes

Give the singular form of the circled words.

2. Those dresses are dirty
_____________________________________
3. There are many cockroaches in the cupboard.
_____________________________________
4. Mangoes are sweeter than apples.

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Lesson 3
Article a/an
A is used with words that start with a consonant letter sound
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n,
p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z

Examples
a chair a door a girl
a ball a flower a house
An is used before nouns / words that begin with a vowel sound.
a, e, i, o, u
Examples
an apple an egg an insect
an axe an arrow an owl
an ox an umbrella an hour
1. Write a/an before the words below
________ mango ________ inkpot
________ aeroplane ________ hour
________ box ________ eagle ________ hut
2. Fill in a/an in the gaps below
a) I have _________umbrella and ______book.
b) Jane is carrying _________ bag
c) ____________ ostrich is a wild bird.
d) That is ___________ flag.

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Lesson 4
Names of things that drop „y‟ and ies
One (singular) Many (plural)
baby babies
lorry lorries
story stories
puppy puppies
city cities
fly flies
party
family
berry berries
country
community communities
factory factories
activities activities
library libraries
body

Change the words brackets to plural form

1. We have two ________ at our school. (library)
2. The dog has many ___________ (puppy)
3. The ________ are crying for milk. (baby)
4. There are five _________ in the parking. (lorry)
5. Most __________ have children. (family)

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Lesson five
Things that add “s” to “y” in plural form
One many
boy boys
key keys
Toy toys
tray trays
bay bays
monkey monkeys
valley valleys
trolley trolleys
donkey donkeys
turkey turkey s

Complete correctly
One many
boy
body
ferries
key
donkeys
turkey
family

Lesson six
People at school
One Many
teacher teachers
head teacher head teachers
nurse nurses
cook cooks
guard guards
cleaner cleaners

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bursar bursars
driver drivers
conductor conductors
matron matrons

Activity
Write in singular form
1. conductors ______________________
2. teachers ______________________
3. drivers ______________________
4. head teachers______________________
5. bursars ______________________
Give the plural form of the underlined words
6. The cleaner is slashing the compound
7. Our nurse is so kind
8. The driver is washing the car
9. That matron washes our uniforms every morning
10. The teacher is marking books
Lesson seven
Punctuation
Use of a capital letter
a. A capital letter is used when beginning sentences, names of
places, people, roads, mountains, etc
Examples
My name is Betty
This is a broom
b. When writing names of people
Examples
Alex , Charity, Opio, Kato, Wasswa
His name is Travor.

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c. Writing names of places
Gayaza , Kyebando, Mengo, Iganga, Nakawa
I am going to Makerere

Days of the week and months of the year

 Monday
 January
 Friday
 Sunday
Today is Tuesday
My birthday is in December
Activity
Use a capital letter where necessary
1. nakaye is going to church.
2. monday is the second day of the week.
3. tom is going to gayaza.
4. today is a cold day.
5. moslems go for prayers on Friday.
6. annet and mary are sisters.
7. i go to hormisdallen primary school.
8. we eat meat every Saturday.
9. mummy is cooking food now.
10. february is the shortest month of the year
Lesson eight
Compound nouns
Singular (one) Plural (many)
head teacher head teachers
Chalkboard chalkboards
Playground playgrounds
Signpost signposts
Cupboard cupboards
flower vase flower vases

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main hall watch dog watch dogs
gatekeeper gatekeepers
head boy
timetable
class teacher class teacher
class monitor

Join the words to form one word

head + teacher ___________________________
gate + keeper ___________________________
chalk + board ___________________________
sign + post ___________________________
dust + bin _____________________________
book + shelf _____________________________
Separate the words to form two words
playground ______________ + _____________
classroom ______________ + _____________
cupboard ______________ + _____________
timekeeper ______________ + _____________
football ______________ + _____________
Give the plural form of the words below
head boy __________________
head girl __________________
flower vase ________________

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Name of things change f to v and add ‘es’ (Nouns)
(one) Singular Plural (many)
knife knives
wife wives
calf calves
half halves
shelf shelves
leaf leaves
loaf loaves
life lives
wolf wolves
self selves

Names of things that do not change f to „ves‟

handkerchief handkerchiefs
chief chiefs
handcuffs handcuffs
roof roofs
hoof hoofs

Change the nouns in brackets to plural form

1. Those ______ are blunt. (knife)
2. The ________ are very dirty. (roof)
3. Most ______ are green. (leaf)
4. Our cow has two _____ (calf)
5. I have many _______ in my bag. (handkerchief)
6. Daddy bought four _______ of bread. (loaf)
7. The policeman arrested the _____ last night (thief)

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Lesson nine
Punctuation
Use of a full stop (.)
A full stop is used at the end sentence
Examples
Jane is crying
Our teacher is smart
Those are books
A full stop is also used in some short forms
 Reverend – Rev
 Doctor – Dr
 Road – Rd
 School – Sch
 Wednesday – Wed
 Thursday – Thur
 January – Jan
 September – Sept

A question mark (?)

A question mark is used at the end of a question. (how, what, when,
where, who, is, are)

Examples
What is your name?
Where do you live?
How old are you?
Is this a table?
Are you sick?

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How old are you?
Why are you late?

Activity
Put a full stop or a question mark where necessary
1. I am eating food
2. Why are you running
3. Who is your teacher
4. Mother is washing clothes now
5. I come to school to learn
6. When is your birthday
7. How many brothers do you have
8. They are dancing now
Lesson 10
Use of a comma (,)
A comma is used to separate / list many things in a sentence

Examples
1. I went to Nakawa, mengo and kololo last week.
2. Tom, Peter, Musa and Otim are friends.
3. My aunt, uncle and grandfather are kind.
4. Apples, mangoes, oranges and guavas are fruits.
5. We have tables, chairs and benches.

Activity
Rewrite and punctuate the sentences correctly.
1. What is your name.
2. this is a table
3. they are eating meat rice and beans
4. we are going to Iganga
5. lam six years old

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 6. Jane Mary Ben and Ann are in Primary Two.
7. Do you have a bag

Lesson 11
Benefits to the neighbourhood from school
Prepositions (position)
A word / groups of words used to show positions/ place of
something.
on, in, under, over, behind, near, between, infront of
Examples
The ball is under the chair

The book is on the table

The water is in the tin

Activity
Write the correct positions in the gaps
1. The ball is _____________ the table.

2. The school is __________ trees.

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3. The car is _________ of the house

4. The tree is _________ the shop.

5. The bird is flying ________ the tree.

6. The stone is __________ the bench

Positions of places
to, at, from, of, by, against

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Examples
1. She is going to school
2. The girl is looking at the flower
3. I am pointing to the sun
4. I come to school by van
5. The bicycle is leaning against the wall
Activity
6. Dan went to Nairobi _____ an aeroplane.
7. They are looking ___ the chalkboard
8. Mukasa is suffering _____ measles

Our home and the community

Punctuation
An apostrophe (‘)
a. We use an apostrophe to show ownership of something.

Examples
Joy’s bag
Anna’s baby
The dog’s house
Teacher’s table
Mukasa’s bicycle
Mr.Ntege’s wife

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b. To write contractions (short forms) to show the missing letter
Examples
do not don't
cannot can't
she is she’s
we are we’re
are not aren’t
did not didn’t
was not wasn’t
will not won’t
has not hasn’t
does not doesn’t
have not haven’t
is not isn’t
he is he’s

Activity
1. Write the following in short form
did not - _____________
was not - _____________
they are - _____________
2. Write the following in full
won’t - ___________________
can’t - ___________________
isn’t - ____________________
we’re - __________________

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3. Punctuate these sentences correctly
That is Marys chair
Mr. Opio s wife is a nurse
Here is my sister s uniform
Nouns that change completely in plural form
One (singular) Many (plural)

man men
woman women
child children
ox oxen
person people
tooth teeth
foot feet
goose geese
mouse mice
louse lice

Nouns that do not change in plural form

sugar sugar
furniture furniture
wood
fire fire
food
soil soil
salt salt
saliva
bread
sheep
fish
luggage
blood blood
air

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Give the plural form of the nouns in brackets
1.He has some _____ in the cup. (sugar)
2.A shepherd looks after ________ (sheep)
3.My _______ are white. (tooth)
4.A barber cuts off ________ (hair)
5.Those _______ are good. (child)
6.Many ______ like dresses. (woman)
7.There are two ________ in the stove. (mouse)
People found at home
Singular Plural form
grandfather grandfathers
mother mothers
father fathers
uncle
aunt aunts
niece
nephew
sister sisters
brother
son
daughter
grandmother grandmothers
cousin
Opposites of people at home
father mother
brother sister
uncle
grandfather
nephew niece
son daughter
Write the opposite of the underlined words
1. My uncle has a new car.
2. Mary’s brother is three years old
3. Mr. Kapiito’s daughter is sick
4. Our grandfather is sleeping
5. Their nephew is tall

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Activities done at home
Verbs that add ‘ing’ to now tense
Verb Now tense
cook cooking
sweep sweeping
watch
sleep
fry frying
clean
learn learning
wash washing
eat
drink drinking
boil
smash
peel
kneel
dry
lay
brush brushing
polish
slash
talk
Change the verbs in brackets correctly
1. He is _____ meat now. (eat)
2. Sam is _______ the house. (sweep)
3. It is _________ now. (rain)
4. They are _______ clothes (wash)
5. Timothy is ________ home now. (go)
6. The baby is _________ milk. (drink)
7. My aunt is _______ irish potatoes. (peel)
8. Sarah and her friends are______ firewood. (collect)
9. Misu is _________ food. (cook)
10. Daddy is ________ his shoes now. (polish)

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Pronouns for people at home
Pronouns
Examples
I, she, he, it, they, you, we
Write a pronoun for the given noun
1. Mary is in Primary Two.
2. Ntege has a ball.
3. The dog is in the kennel.
4. The children are playing.
5. Musa and I are going to the mosque
6. Uncle has a big phone.

Possessive pronouns ownership of something

Examples
his, hers, its, my, our, mine, ours, us, their, theirs, him,
them
Examples
That cup belongs to me. It is mine.
Here is your bag. It belongs to you. It is yours.
The cow has a calf. It is its.
Activity
Use the correct possessive pronoun to complete the sentences
correctly
a) This is John bottle. It is…………………………
b) We have a big school. It is…………………………
c) That class belongs to us. It is…………………………
d) This car belong to me, so it is………………………….

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Our Home and community
Roles of people in the community:
Verbs that double the last letter in now tense
Verb Now tense
sit sitting
clap clapping
skip skipping
swim swimming
drum drumming
stop stopping
shut shutting
hit hitting
run running
slap slapping
worship worshipping
hop hopping
get
cut
put
set
beg
travel
dig
shop
mop
drop
model

Activity
Change the verbs in brackets to now tense
1. The gardener is ________ in the garden. (dig)
2. Mary’s mother is__________in the market. (shop)
3. Who are those _________ the desks. (hit)
4. The girls are ________ on the bench. (sit)
5. We are _________ now. (now)

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Verbs that drop ‘e’ in now tense
Verb Now tense
give giving
take taking
come coming
make making
drive
dance
care caring
share sharing
forgive forgiving
use
name naming
love
abuse
move moving
bake
smile

Activity
Use the verbs in brackets correctly
1. Jane is __________ now. (come)
2. The teachers are ________ our work (prepare)
3. They are ______ sweets. (share)
4. The driver is ______ the bus to Kampala. (drive)
5. The policemen are __________ a thief.(chase)
6. The cat is__________ under the bed. (hide)
7. Tim and Ali are __________ bicycles. (ride)
8. The pastor is preaching about __________ each other. (forgive)
9. Aunt is _________ a cake. (bake)
10. The children are ______ now. (dance)

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HUMAN BODY AND HEALTH
Parts of the body
Singular (one) Plural (many)
eye eyes
ear ears
cheek cheeks
finger fingers
hand hands
elbow elbows
arm arms
toe toes
knee knees
thigh thighs
heel heels
foot feet
nail nails
tongue tongues
neck necks
back backs
tooth teeth
foot feet
hair hair
mouth Mouths

Give the plural form of the words in brackets

1. I use my __________ to kneel. (knee)
2. Most people have ten _______ (finger)
3. His ______ are hurt. (toe)
4. Ostriches have long ______ (neck)
5. Owls have big ______ (eye)
6. We use our _____ for walking (leg)
7. Barbra has long ________ (hair)
8. Your ________ are dirty. (tooth)
9. Uncle has big __________ (foot)
10. We use our _______ for hearing (ear)

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Use of has and have
We use has with singular pronoun / noun
Jane
She
He has
It
Tom

Examples

Jane has a black bag.

Tom has a ball.

The cat has a long tail.

It has a bone.

Have is used with plural nouns/ pronouns and I

You

They have

We

Bob and Janet

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Examples

I have a new toy.

You have many oranges.

They have a big school.

We have much food.

Musa and Hassan have bicycles.

Activity

Use has or have in the sentences

1. They _________ good teachers at school.

2. Most children ________ new books.
3. Apio _________ a red dress.
4. I __________ a box of sweets.
5. Daddy ________ a big car.
6. _________ she kept money safely?
7. We ________ a new head teacher.
8. The boys ________ short finger nails.
9. The dog __________ sharp teeth.
10. The babies __________ new toys.

Every day tense

Verbs that add „s‟ to every day

She

He add ’s’ to every day

It

Betty

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Verb Every day
write writes
read reads
drive
sit
cook cooks
burn
boil
cut cuts
scrub
bathe bathes
dance dances
skip skips
run runs
eat eats
drink drinks
peel peels
cook
fight
clap

Use the verb in brackets correctly

1. Tom _____ the book every day. (read)

2. He ________ an egg every morning. (eat)
3. She _____ off her nails every Sunday. (cut)
4. Mother _______ bananas every day. (peel)
5. Aunt ________ food every Friday. (cook)

Verbs that add ‘es’ to everyday tense

Verb Every day

brush brushes
polish polishes
go goes
do does
wash washes
watch watches

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scratch scratches
slash slashes
teach teaches
box Boxes
punch punches
hatch hatches
cross crosses

Activity

Change the given verbs in brackets to everyday tense

1. The man _________ water every day. (fetch)

2. The teacher ________ us English every day. (teach)
3. The hen ______ its eggs after twenty one days. (hatch)
4. That cat _______ people when it is angry. (scratch)
5. Babirye _______ to church every Sunday. (go)
6. Our matron _______ the uniforms every evening. (wash)

Rhyming words are words pronounced in the same way but

carrying different meaning

eye I
hear here
son sun
write right
bird bad
hut hat, heart, hurt
meat meet
week weak
let late
by bye
first fast
to two/too

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Activity

Complete the sentences with the correct word from the

brackets

1. _____________am sick today. (eye, I )

2. The ________ is flying over the pole. (bad, bird)
3. Namuli was the ________ in her class. (first, fast)
4. Can you come _________ please? (here, hear)
5. His ________ is a very good boy. (son , sun)
6. The baby is too ________ to stand. (week, weak)
7. Seven days make a ________ (weak, week)
8. I have a red ____________ . (hut, hat)

FOOD AND NUTRITION

Classification of food
Singular (one) Plural (many)
banana bananas
bean beans
yam yams
onion onions
groundnut groundnuts
pawpaw pawpaws
orange oranges
cassava cassava
sugarcane sugarcane
fish fish
meat meat
pineapple pineapples
mango mangoes
sweet potato sweet potatoes

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Activity

Complete the table below

One Many
eggs
bean
onion
tomatoes
orange
apples

Use of „some‟ and „any‟.

Examples

We use some on positive statement

1. There is some sugar in the tin.

2. Give me some mangoes please
3. Put some pencils in the bag
4. There are some children in the classroom

Any is used with questions and negatives

a) There isn’t any water in the flask.

b) Are there any apples in the baskets?
c) I don’t have any money.

Activity

Fill in ‟some‟ or „any‟ in the gaps

1. Is there ________ food in the saucepan?
2. Namata and Teddy have ______ dolls.
3. They don’t have ______ pencils.
4. Will uncle give us _________ money?
5. He __________ groundnuts on the plate.

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Verbs that drop „y‟ and add „ies‟

Verb Every day

carry carries
fry fries
copy copies
burry buries
cry cries
marry marries
dry dries
try tries
worry worries
hurry hurries

Activity

1. Jumah _________ an aeroplane every morning. (fly)

2. The baby _________ for milk every night. (cry)
3. Dan ______ his bag every day. (carry)
4. Mother _____ eggs every morning. (fry)
5. Mr. Ben ________ every year. (marry)

Past tense (yesterday tense)

Verbs that add ‘ed’

Verb Yesterday
talk talked
cook cooked
look looked
rush rushed
clean cleaned
wash washed
mop mopped
play played
peel peeled
push pushed
laugh laughed
boil boiled
plant planted
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 Activity
Use the verbs in brackets correctly
1. I _________ food yesterday. (cook)
2. He _____ for his book yesterday. (look)
3. They ______ clothes last week. (wash)
4. We _______ water yesterday. (fetch)
5. Daddy _______ to the head teacher yesterday. (talk)

Verbs that add „d‟

Verb Yesterday
dance danced
move moved
like liked
love loved
use used
taste tasted
change changed
bathe bathed
bake baked
chase chased
name named
smile smiled
blame blamed

Activity

Use the verbs in brackets correctly

1. The teacher __________ late yesterday. (arrive)

2. Peter and Sam _______ very well yesterday. (dance)
3. Our mother _________ us for breaking the plates last week.
(blame)
4. I _________ the party last Sunday. (like)
5. The cake ________ bitter yesterday. (taste)

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Verbs that change „y‟ to „i' and add „ed‟

Verb Yesterday
marry married
try tried
copy copied
study studied
apply applied
worry worried
hurry hurried
cry cried
dry dried
bury buried

Activity

1. The baby ________ yesterday. (cry)

2. I _______ the work yesterday. (copy)
3. Uncle ______ his wife last year. (marry)
4. She ______ to walk yesterday. (try)
5. We _______ our sister last week. (bury)
6. The children ______ to the bus yesterday. (hurry)
7. Cissy ________ from America last year. (study)

Verbs that change completely in past tense

Verb Yesterday
dig dug
eat ate
go went
come came
give gave
do did
sweep swept
draw drew
drive drove
ride rode
give gave
kneel knelt
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sit sit
stand stood

Activity

Use the verbs correctly

1. Juma ______ to the mosque yesterday. (go)

2. Daddy ____ the car last week. (drive)
3. We ________ meat yesterday. (eat)
4. Sarah _______ on the mat yesterday. (sit)
5. I _______ the house last night. (sweep)

Good feeding

Describing words. (Adjectives)

tall dirty clean short

hot cold white red

sad small weak strong

Opposite of adjectives

Adjective Opposite
small big
long short
sweet sour
dirty clean
dry wet
thin fat
weak strong
happy sad
tall short
smart shabby
quick slow
old new /young
sharp blunt
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white black
handsome/beautiful gly
heavy light

Give the opposite of the underlined words

1. He is happy today.
2. An ox is a strong animal.
3. These tablets are sour.
4. Our desks are dirty.
5. Sofia is a short girl.
6. My father bought a new car.
7. Tim has a short pencil.
8. Our school is very far.
9. It is good to greet others.

Comparing adjectives

Adjectives that add “er”

Positive Comparative Superlative

long longer longest
short shorter shortest
old older oldest
young younger youngest
new newer newest
small smaller smallest
quick quicker quickest
slow slower slowest
weak weaker weakest
sharp sharper sharpest
clean cleaner cleanest
poor poorer poorest
rich richer richest
sweet sweeter sweetest
fast faster fastest
thick thicker thickest

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cheap cheaper cheapest
cold colder coldest
soft softer softest
tall taller tallest
large larger largest

Activity

1. That room is ________ than mine. (small)

2. Bananas are _________ than apples. (sweet)
3. Akello is ______ than Alice. (tall)
4. A rat is _________ than a cat. (small)
5. My uniform is _____ than yours. (clean)
6. The lion is _________ than a zebra. (strong)
7. Maria is ________ than Peter. (smart)
8. Mukasa is the ________ boy in our family. (young)

Adjectives that double the last letter

Positive Comparative Superlative
Big bigger biggest
Thin thinner thinnest
Fat fatter fattest
Wet wetter wettest
Red redder reddest
Flat flatter flattest
hot hotter hottest

Activity
1. My tea is ________ than yours. (hot)
2. A pig is the _______ animal of all. (fat)
3. She is the ________ girl in our class. (thin)
4. Our road is _______ than theirs. (flat)
5. His house is the ______ in our village. (big)
6. Tuesday is the _______ day of the week. (hot)

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 7. A pancake is ________ than bread. (flat)
8. An elephant is _____ than a buffalo. (big)
9. March is the ________ month of the year. (wet)
10. Nakato is _______ than Babirye. (thin)

Adjectives that drop y and add „er‟ /‟est‟

Positive Comparative Superlative

lazy lazier laziest
dry drier driest
noisy noisier noisiest
busy busier busiest
funny funnier funniest
easy easier easiest
lucky luckier luckiest
early earlier earliest
dirty dirtier
ugly uglier
dry drier
hungry hungrier
dirty dirtier
heavy heavier heaviest

Activity

Complete the sentences using the given words in brackets

1. Aminah is __________ than Tom. (lazy)

2. May is the _________ month of the year. (dry)
3. English is _________ than mathematics. (easy)
4. Tom’s uniform is the _______ of all. (dirty)
5. Juliet is ___________ than Namale. (pretty)
6. Bees are the ________ insects. (busy)
7. Stones are _________ than feathers. (heavy)
8. A baboon is the _______ animal. (ugly)
9. Cartoon is ___________ than music. (funny)
10. I came _______ than yesterday. (early)

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Similies

 as cold as ice
 as black as charcoal
 as green as grass
 as white as show
 as sweet as honey
 as happy as a king
 as slow as a snail
 as busy as a bee
 as hot as fire
 as easy as abc
 as brave as a lion

Complete the sentences correctly

1. My teacher is as busy as a _________________

2. The sun is as hot as ____________________
3. That skirt is as black as ____________
4. It is as green as ______________
5. His teeth are as white as _____________
6. Our Daddy is as brave as a ______________
7. The weather is as cold as _________________

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