071906T4AEN

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING LEVEL 6

THIKA TECHNICAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTE

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING LEVEL 6 (SEPT 2023 INTAKE)

SPECIAL/SUPLIMENTARY EXAM

TIME 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This paper consists of TWO Sections; A and B

This paper consists of five (6) printed pages.

Check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that
no questions are missing.

1
 SECTION A (30 marks)

1. Define the following terms as applied to thermodynamics (4 marks)

i. Surrounding

ii. Adiabatic process

iii. Open system

iv. Isochoric process

2. State the first law of thermodynamics ( 2 marks)

3. Distinguish between a thermodynamic system and a thermodynamic property

(2 marks)

4. The specific internal energy of a fluid is increased from 100kJ/Kg to 165 kJ/Kg during a an

isochoric process. What is the energy transfer during the process if mass of fluid is 15kg

(3

marks)

5. State the two classification of thermodynamic properties and give one example for each

(4

marks)

6. In an internal combustion engine, the temperature of 2kg of the coolant is increased by 110

degrees Celsius during compression stroke. Work input to the working fluid is 100 kJ/Kg.

Specific heat capacity of the coolant is 0.75Kj/Kg.K Determine the change in internal energy

of the working fluid. (5 marks)

7. Distinguish between a thermodynamic system and a thermodynamic property

(2 marks)

2
 8. A system is allowed to do work amounting to 600 kJ while heat energy amounting to 900 kJ

is transferred to it. Find the change in internal energy and state whether it is an increase or a

decrease (4 marks)

9. Define the following terms as applied to steam:

i. Wet steam

ii. Degree of superheat (4 marks)

SECTION B

10.

a) State 4 assumptions for the steady flow process (4 marks)

b) In a gas turbine plant, a gas moving at a velocity of 60 m/s flows through the turbine at 17

kg/s. the specific enthalpy of the gas at entry is 1200kJ/kg. the turbine develops 14000 kW of

power. The gas leaves the turbine at a velocity of 150 m/s with a specific enthalpy of 360

kJ/kg. the specific volume at entry is 0.6 m3/kg. determine

i. The area of the inlet pipe

ii. The rate of heat transfer as the gas passes through the turbine stating whether it is a heat

loss (6 marks)

c) A cylinder contains 0.014 m3 of fluid at 7 bar having a specific enthalpy of 695 kJ/kg and a

specific volume of 0.00125 m3/kg. heat energy is supplied until the volume of the fluid

becomes 0.28 m3 and pressure remains at 7 bar. If the final specific internal energy is 885

kJ/kg, calculate the:

i. Mass of the fluid

ii. Final specific volume

3
 iii. The heat energy supplied

iv. The work energy supplied (10 marks)

11.

a) State the Joule’s Law (2 marks)

b) Given a perfect gas and the first law of thermodynamics, show that Cp-Cv=R, where R is the

universal gas constant and Cp and Cv are the molar specific heats at constant pressure and

volume, respectively. Note: For a perfect gas the internal energy depends only on the

temperature. (5 marks)

c) A certain perfect gas of mass 0.01Kg occupies a volume of 0.003 m3 at a pressure of 7 bar

and at a temperature of 131 degrees celcius. The gas is allowed to expand until the pressure is

1 bar and the final volume is 0.02 m3. Calculate:

i) Molar mass of the gas (2 marks)

ii) The final temperature (2 marks)

d) A quantity of a certain perfect gas is compressed from an initial state ( 0.085 m3, 1 bar) to a

final state (0.034m3, 3.9 bar). The specifc heat at constant volume is 0.724 kJ/Kg.K and the

specifc heat at constant pressure is 1.020Kj/Kg.K. The observed temperature rise is 146K.

Calculate:

i) Specific gas constant R (2 marks)

ii) Mass of the gas present (4 marks)

iii) The increase in internal energy of the gas (3 marks)

12.

4
 a). A cylinder contains 0.07 kg of fluid having a pressure of 1bar, a volume of 0.06 m3, and a

specific internal energy of 200kJ/kg. After polytropic compression, the pressure and volume of

the fluid are 9 bar and 0.0111 m3 respectively, and the specific internal energy is 270 kJ/kg.

determine

i. amount of work energy required for the compression

ii. the quantity and direction of the energy during the compression (7 marks)

˙
c˙2
2 2
c1
b) Show that for a steady flow process m(¿ h1 + + z 1 g)= m(¿ h2+ + z 2 g)¿ ¿(6 marks)
2 2

c) Air at 1.02 bar and 22°C, initially occupying a cylinder volume of 0.015 m 3 , is compressed

reversibly and adiabatically by a piston to a pressure of 6.8 bar. Calculate:

i. The final temperature.

ii. The final volume.

iii. The work done. (7 marks)

5
This is the last printed page