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Overview of Programming Languages: 1. Machine Language

The document provides an overview of programming languages, detailing machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages, along with their characteristics. It also covers the history of the C programming language, its features such as efficiency and portability, and its various applications in operating systems, embedded systems, and game development. C was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 and has influenced many modern computing systems.

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5 views2 pages

Overview of Programming Languages: 1. Machine Language

The document provides an overview of programming languages, detailing machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages, along with their characteristics. It also covers the history of the C programming language, its features such as efficiency and portability, and its various applications in operating systems, embedded systems, and game development. C was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 and has influenced many modern computing systems.

Uploaded by

inderjeet.singh.maths
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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It includes the concise overview of programming languages, along with a brief history,

features, and applications of the C programming language:

Click here for C compiler (for moblie phones)

🧠 Overview of Programming Languages

1. Machine Language

• Definition: The lowest level programming language, consisting of binary code (0s
and 1s) directly understood by a computer's central processing unit (CPU).
• Characteristics: Fast execution; no translation needed; hardware specific.

2. Assembly Language

• Definition: A low-level programming language that uses symbolic names


(mnemonics) to represent machine-level instructions.
• Characteristics: Requires an assembler to translate to machine code; provides
more readability than machine language; still hardware specific.
• Example: x86 assembly language

3. High-Level Languages

• Definition: Programming languages that provide strong abstraction from the


computer's hardware, making them easier to read and write.
• Characteristics: Portable across different systems; includes languages like
Python, Java, and C.
• Evolution: Designed to overcome the limitations of assembly languages, such as
tedious coding and hardware dependency.

️ Brief History of C Programming Language


• Developed by: Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs.
• Purpose: To improve upon the B language, addressing its limitations like lack of
byte addressability.
• Influence: C played a crucial role in the development of the Unix operating system.
• Standardization: The first edition of "The C Programming Language" by Ritchie and
Brian Kernighan was published in 1978, known as K&R C. The ANSI C standard was
established in 1989, followed by the ISO C standard

⚙️ Features of C
• Efficiency: Produces fast and efficient code, suitable for system-level
programming.
• Portability: Programs written in C can be run on different machines with minimal
modification.
• Low-Level Access: Allows direct manipulation of hardware and memory
addresses.
• Modularity: Supports functions and structured programming, promoting code
reuse.
• Rich Library Support: Provides a standard library with a wide range of functions for
various tasks.

🛠️ Applications of C
• Operating Systems: Unix, Linux, and Windows have components written in C.
• Embedded Systems: Used in programming microcontrollers and real-time
systems.
• Compilers and Interpreters: Many language compilers are written in C.
• Game Development: High-performance games utilize C for critical components.
• Database Systems: MySQL and other databases are developed using C.
• Networking: Network protocols and tools are often implemented in C.
• Device Drivers: Hardware drivers are commonly written in C for efficiency.

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