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Lecture-1.1-Introduction To C

The C programming language was developed at Bell Labs in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. It was created for implementing the UNIX operating system. Key standards for C include C89/C90 and C99. C is a middle-level language that provides reliability, portability, flexibility and efficiency. It is widely used for system applications and operating system development like Windows, Linux, and databases.

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53 views9 pages

Lecture-1.1-Introduction To C

The C programming language was developed at Bell Labs in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. It was created for implementing the UNIX operating system. Key standards for C include C89/C90 and C99. C is a middle-level language that provides reliability, portability, flexibility and efficiency. It is widely used for system applications and operating system development like Windows, Linux, and databases.

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Introduction to C

Dr. Sheak Rashed Haider Noori


Associate Professor & Associate Head
Department of Computer Science
C – Language History

 The C language is a structure oriented programming language, developed at


Bell Lab (AT&T) in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie
 C language features were derived from an earlier language called “B” (Basic
Combined Programming Language – BCPL)
 C language was invented for implementing UNIX operating system

 In 1978, Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan published the first edition “The
C Programming Language” and commonly known as K&R C
 In 1983, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) established a
committee to provide a modern, comprehensive definition of C. The resulting
definition, the ANSI standard, or “ANSI C”, was completed late 1988.
C language standards

 C89/C90 standard – First standardized specification for C language was


developed by the American National Standards Institute in 1989. C89 and
C90 standards refer to the same programming language.
 C99 standard – Next revision was published in 1999 that introduced new
features like advanced data types and other changes.
Features of C language

 Reliability

 Portability

 Flexibility

 Modularity

 Efficiency and Effectiveness


Uses of C language

The C language is used for developing system applications that


forms a major portion of operating systems such as Windows,
UNIX and Linux. Below are some examples of C being used.
 Database systems
 Graphics packages
 Word processors
 Spreadsheets
 Operating system development
 Compilers and Assemblers
 Network drivers
 Interpreters
C is Middle Level Language

There are following reason that C is called Middle Level


Language as:
 C programming language behaves as high level language through
function, it gives a modular programming and breakup, increased the
efficiency for resolvability.
 C programming language support the low level language i.e.
Assembly Language.
 C language also gives the facility to access memory through pointer.
 Its combines the elements of high-level languages with the
functionalism of assembly language.
So, C language neither a High Level nor a Low level language but
a Middle Level Language.
The C language is a structured
language
Key points to remember in C
language

 The C language is structured, middle level programming language developed


by Dennis Ritchie
 Operating system programs such as Windows, Unix, Linux are written in C
language
 C89/C90 and C99 are two standardized editions of C language

 C has been written in assembly language


C language tutorial reference E-
books & research papers

 [ANSI 89] American National Standards Institute, American National Standard


for Information Systems Programming Language C, X3.159-1989.
 [Kernighan 78] B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie, The C Programming
Language, Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978. Second edition, 1988.
 [Thinking 90] C* Programming Guide, Thinking Machines Corp.: Cambridge
Mass., 1990.

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