23
13 : 25 ~ 14 : 50
sheet 7
1 cheating , ,
key
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzJZqgFvy1A
• key is a machine element used to connect a rotating
machine element to a shaft.
• Material : Carbon steel SM 45C,
Rotating body
(Belt pulley)
Key way
Key Boss https://www.linearmotiontips.com/transmi
tting-torque-with-keyed-shafts/
Shaft
Transmit torque
saddle key flat key sunk key tangential key saddle key :
flat key :
sunk key :
sliding key woodruff key round key
Key design (shear & normal)
EX) sunk key based on shear stress
Shear stress
Torque for the key Torque for the shaft
( : Shear stress for the shaft)
Key torque = Shaft torque (Equilibrium)
Generally
Key design (shear & normal)
EX) sunk key based on compression stress
Compression
( Compression for the key)
: Key depth buried in the shaft
( : UTS)
Shaft coupling
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Aj2q6fsC5M
Shaft coupling
Shaft coupling
Mechanical element that connects two shafts to transmit working power
Considerations for Shaft https://www.nbk1560.com/e
n/products/coupling/powert
• Transmitted power magnitude ransmission/service/about/
• Deviation between shaft centers
• angular velocity of the shaft
Classification of shaft coupling
1) Coupling :
Not possible to re-connect (disconnect of connect) during rotation
2) Clutch :
Possible to re-connect (disconnect of connect) during rotation
Shaft coupling
Coupling
Muff coupling
Fixed coupling
The axes are Flange coupling
on the same line
Flexible coupling
The axes are in parallel Oldham Coupling
-
The axes are not in parallel Universal coupling
universal
Shaft coupling
Muff coupling
The axes are on the same line, Simplest coupling
d (mm) 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 80 100
D (mm) 82 100 115 125 140 155 170 185 220 280
L (mm) 90 110 125 145 160 180 200 220 275 350
C (mm) 40 52 58 68 78 85 95 65 92 110
Z (Number of bolt) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6
(Diameter of bolt) 3/8” 3/8” 3/8” 1/2” 1/2” 1/2” 5/8” 5/8” 3/4” 1”
Ex) Ring-tightened coupling
mapfcoupling
) P
Friction
Idd
<
dA
pressure
d L pdL
Compression Force: P P 2 2
pdA cos 2 2
p d cos
0 0 2 2 2 - torque
2 d 2 d L d d 2 Lp
Transmit torque: T T
0
pdA p d
2 0 2 2 2
4
<=
Ex) Bolt-tightened coupling
- : Diameter of bolt
- Z : Number of bolt
- d : Diameter of the shaft
- : Limit shear stress of the bolt
J
F r
Coupling transmit torque Shaft torque
(shaft 1 Coupling Shaft2)
(Z/2 affect one shaft) [Coupling transmit torque = Shaft torque]
8
:
6t
t
'
= 49063 kymm
11 P = 3125 kg
FlunP d "
Q
glnnd
Flange coupling
Key is used to fix the flange and two shafts. Remer bolts are used to fix two flanges.
Good to transmit toque
http://mechstuff.co
m/what-are-
different-types-of-
couplings/
D S
.
→ fcoupling
Key
→bolty coupling- → key
- z : Number of bolt
Flange coupling
- : Diameter of bolt
Design of flange coupling - Db / 2 = Rb : Distance between the shaft and bolt
- Q : Force on each bolt
Transmit torque (T ) - Dm : Mean contact area ( = (D1+D2)/2 )
Torque by bolt Torque by flange
2 D mean R
T1 bZ b -
R
4 shearstress
1 2 Frictionforce
- : Limit shear stress of the bolt - : Frictional coefficient
T T1 T2
2 b ZDb
T T1
'
8
F d
i
13
Flange coupling
Design of flange coupling
Transmitted torque by flange (T1) Shaft shear stress ( s ) d3
d 3 s
= if =
Transmitted torque by shaft (T2)
2 ZDb b bolt shear stress ( b ) 2 ZDb
Flange coupling
Design of flange coupling
Flange
Flange root torque rooh
,
Flange root
Torque
Standardization (Unit : mm)
shear
Bolt
d a b j k f h m t l Rb
Z [inch]
50 90 20 6 2 27 17 22 23 6 80 4 5/8
60 100 24 6 2 32 17 25 25 6 90 4 3/4
70 112 28 7 2 35 17 26 29 6 105 4 7/8
80 125 32 8 2 41 17 30 32 6 120 4 1
Flange roots 90 135 35 9 2 43 17 30 35 7 130 4 1
100 145 40 9 2 50 17 30 40 7 450 4 1
110 155 44 10 2 52 18 30 45 7 155 6 1
- : Flange root limit shear stress 120 167 48 11 2 55 20 33 50 7 165 6 1
- t : Flange root thickness 130 178 52 12 2 57 22 35 55 8 175 6 1+1/8
140 190 56 12 2 60 23 40 60 8 185 8 1+1/4
- Df : Flange root diameter
150 200 60 12 2 63 24 40 65 8 200 8 1+1/4
Bach condition
strength
Fatif yue
stipfness
Flange coupling
The axes are in parallel The axes are not in parallel
Oldham Coupling
Universal coupling
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5lsvb_gq4o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZIlFiRCmBg
Clutch
https://youtu.be/pqF-aBtTBnY
Clutch design
Classification of clutch
claw clutch
Friction clutch Disc clutch
Cone clutch
Etc. Fluid clutch
Centrifugal clutch
Clutch design
claw clutch : Transmit power without sliding
Not easy to re-connect (disconnect of connect) during rotation
Jaw shapes for claw clutches
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0HC9PL90UE
Clutch design
Spiral claw clutch
Transmit torque by shear force Transmit torque by compression force
T As j Rm
As
( D22 D12 )
T ZAc pm Rm
- As : Contact area
8
- : Limit shear stress
D1 D2
- Rm : Radius Rm
4
1
- Ac : Contact area Ac
2
( D2 D1 )h
- h : Jaw’s height D D2
Rm 1
4
- Z : Number of jaws
(D 1 + D2 )
Spiral claw clutch
(Unit : mm)
d 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
D
100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
a
20 23 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
b
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
c
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
e
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
f
30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
g
72 86 100 114 128 142 156 170 186
Number of
3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6
jaws
Clutch design
friction clutch
Possible to re-connect (disconnect of connect) during rotation
Little sliding
Over pressure leads to over frictional heating
disk clutch
Clutch design
friction clutch
R2 R R
P pdA 2 r dr p 2 C dr 2 C ( R2 R1 )
R1 R1 R1
P
C
2 ( R2 R1 )
Clutch design
friction clutch
Torque by friction
Mean pressure :
Generally
The same
Clutch design
Discs
friction clutch
Multiple discs
Torque
T PRm Z
Z : Number of discs
Control way
Mechanical Oil pressure
Air pressure
Electromagnetic
Clutch design
friction clutch
Conical clutch
Conical slop More friction More torque transmitted
re-connection (disconnect of connect) during rotation is little bit harder
Conical clutch and friction
More friction
Clutch design
friction clutch
Pushing force P
Contact force Q
Assume the same pressure
- Dm : Mean contact diameter
- b : Width of the contact area
Pushing force P: P
Force equilibrium
Clutch design
friction clutch
Transmitted torque : T [Assumption] Vertical reaction force of Q acts
on the average radius position.
: Equivalent frictional coefficient
The equivalent effect that frictional coefficient is increased
'
The required force is reduced
If the angle α is too small, it will be difficult to separate the impact from the bite
Usually α≥ 12 ~ 15
Clutch design
Centrifugal clutch Fluid clutch
https://www.banggood.com/47cc-49cc- https://www.mechanicalbooster.com/2
Minimoto-Centrifugal-Clutch-For-Mini- 017/06/fluid-coupling.html
Moto-Dirt-Bike-ATV-p-
969570.html?cur_warehouse=CN
The output shaft is disengaged at
low rotational speed and engages It has been used in automobile transmissions as an
more as speed increases. alternative to a mechanical clutch.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrmWNBwHBQ0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dZCbYudgqk
Reference
Wikipedia
정남용, 기계설계, 학진북스
Shigley, Mechanical design, MacGrow Hill
송지복 외, 기계설계, 북스힐
