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To Study About Errors in Computation in Numerical Methods

The document discusses errors in numerical computation, emphasizing their impact on accuracy. It categorizes errors into inherent, rounding-off, truncation, absolute, relative, and percentage errors, providing definitions and examples for each type. Understanding these errors is crucial for improving the reliability of numerical methods.

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5 views1 page

To Study About Errors in Computation in Numerical Methods

The document discusses errors in numerical computation, emphasizing their impact on accuracy. It categorizes errors into inherent, rounding-off, truncation, absolute, relative, and percentage errors, providing definitions and examples for each type. Understanding these errors is crucial for improving the reliability of numerical methods.

Uploaded by

sangitlamichhane333
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TO STUDY ABOUT ERRORS IN COMPUTATION IN NUMERICAL METHODS.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the different types of errors that occur during numerical computation and how they
affect the accuracy of numerical methods.

THEORY: In numerical computation, errors are the differences between the exact mathematical value and the
approximate value obtained using numerical methods. These errors are inevitable due to approximation,
truncation, and limitations of computer arithmetic.

Types of Error:

1. Inherent Error: Inherent error is the error already present in the initial data or input values used in a numerical
method. It occurs due to inaccurate measurements, estimation, or limitations in representing the exact value.

Example: If we measure the value of π as 3.14 instead of 3.14159, the difference is an inherent error.

2. Rounding-off Error: Rounding-off error occurs due to the limited number of digits that a computer can store or
display. Since computers have finite precision, they round numbers to a fixed number of decimal or binary
places.
Example: Storing 1/3 as 0.333 instead of its true infinite decimal expansion.

3. Truncation Error: Truncation error occurs when an infinite process is approximated by a finite one. This includes
using a finite number of terms in a series expansion or ending an iterative process early.
Example: Approximating the exponential function:
2 n
x x x
e =1+ x + + …+ +( More terms ) If we stop at n=3 n ,the rest of the terms are ignored ,that ’ s truncation error .
2! n!

4. Absolute Error: The absolute error is the absolute difference between the exact (true) value and the
approximated (computed) value. It gives a measure of how far the approximation is from the actual value.

Absolute Error = ∣ x true −x ¿|

5. Relative Error: The relative error is the ratio of the absolute error to the true value. It provides a sense of the
scale of the error relative to the size of the quantity being measured.
Relative error=¿ x true −x ¿∨ ¿ ¿
¿ x true ∨¿ ¿

6. Percentage Error: The percentage error is the relative error expressed as a percentage. It shows how significant
the error is in relation to the true value.

P ercentage Error=¿ xtrue −x ¿ ∨ ¿ ¿


¿ x true ∨¿∗100 % ¿

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