The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 1

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 2

 STAR TREK
THE FOUR YEARS
WAR
AND
ROMULAN WAR

TECHNICAL MANUAL

COMPILED BY STEPHEN A. FENDER, ADMIRAL, STARFLEET, RET.

ILLUSTRATED BY THE TALENTED STAFF AT THE STARFLEET HISTORICAL ARCHIVES, EARTH.
EDITED BY LYNDA DIETZ, COMMODORE, CHIEF OF STARFLEET PUBLICATIONS DIVISION,
ALPHA CENTAURI.

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The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 4
Star Trek: The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual

Copyright © 2016 Stephen A. Fender

www.jollyrogersproductions.net
Seattle, WA.

First Edition: 2016

Published through Jolly Rogers Productions (JRP) ©, a subsidiary division of StephenFender.com

All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Cover art layout and rendering by Stephen Fender ©.

Background images used with permission.

Star Trek © is a registered trademark of CBS. I’d like to personally thank CBS for not shutting my project down.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 5

Acknowledgements

I’d like to thank the following individuals who backed the Kickstarter campaign to get these books produced.
Without each of them, this would never have been possible.

Adam Lentz Kevin Gong

Alan Massey Lambert Chow
Alan Stevenson Larry J. DeStefano
Alexander J. Shepherd Lawrence Amrose
Andrea Casamassima LB Nelson
Andrew Buse Lee Horrocks
Andrew Clark Lee W. Benjamin
Anthony Alan Fenton Leigh Hennig
BadBadTiger Lenore
Barbara Sach Lisa Lyons
Barry Charles Luke Huitt
Bartley J Finn Jr Marc Steinijans
Benjamin Chee Mark Donnelly
Benjamin Waters Mark Garland
BlackMagicM66 Mark Newman
Bob Griffing Mark Williams
Brian OKeefe Marlon Blaine Guillory
Brian Webber Martin Hirst
Brittany Dudas Mary Jane Hetzlein
Carl Chambers Mathijs Leenheer
Carl Norman Matt Trinh
Carolanne L Matthew Luxa
Catalino Matthew Reynolds
Chad Bowden Matthew Whiteacre
Chand Svare Ghei Michael
Charles Lewis Michael Blanchard
Chris Hunt Michael Bradford
Chris Pinkerton Michael Hoffmann
Chris R Michael J Roche
Christopher Brandon Michael J. Medeiros
Christopher Broden Michael Thompson
Christopher Sneeringer Mike Rabb
Craftmom68 Mike Medina
Craig Oliver Mitch Webb
Crowe Nicholas S. Shanayda

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 6

DakotaSurfer Nick Fajardo
Dan Balkwill Norman Jaffe
Daniel Attard Pat H
Daniel Hippensteel Patricia Jaderborg
Daniel O'Connor Paul Cordeiro
Darren Bavaro Paul J Fricault
Darren Keith Paul Janssens
Dave Moon Perrie Iles
David Baker Pyth0n
David Eberhard Raymond Utter
David Gilmore Reinhard Tlustos
David Peterson Rich Chang
David Shuford Richard Gable
De Baisch Richard Todd
Dean B. Richard Turner
Diana Paprotny Ricky Wright
Don & Karen Albares Rob Beck
Doug Eckhoff Robert Riddle
Dragon's Den LLC Rodney J Kelly
Dwayne Day Rom Walton
Ellis Coombs Ron Walls
Emanuel Levy Ronald D. Hearn
Eric Welsby Samuel Frederick
Erich Tauschmann Santos Ramirez
Erik Lee Sarah Boots
Erin Grooms SciFiGuyNJ (Jason Genser)
Eron Wyngarde Scott Early
Esteve T. Freitas Scott Maynard
Eugene Alex Scott Newell
Floyd Dorsey Scott-Lee Nichol
Fred Chavez Sfirestine
Fred Davis Simon Jaeckel
Greg Rozier Sonia Koval
Greg Thornton Sonja Thiede
Guy McLimore Steve Dixon
Hans de Wolf Steve Hochberger
Heiko Wisper Steven Baker
Ian H Weiger Steven Butler
Ianquest Steven Lord
Ivar Bardie Steven Pittman
Jack Steven Rowley
Jake Pelletier Steven Stone

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 7

James Wood Steven Vicharelli
Jamie Dent Sven Berglowe
Jamie Manley Sven Proboszcz
Jarrod Frahm Terri
Jasiha Welch Terri Connor
Jason Frisvold Tex Albritton
Jeff Becker The Pink Phantom
Jeff Doubleday Thijs ter Horst
Jeff Troutman Thomas Mooney
Jeffrey Harlan Thomas Perry
Jim Heivilin Tim Aukett
Jim Henderson Tim Knight
Jim McGhee Tim Mushel
Jim McLeod Tom Boucher
Jim Phillips Tom Diffley
Jim Westbrook Tom Ericksen
John Canales Tom Martin
John Miles Tomas
John Moss TrashMan
John O. Edgeworth Treehugger
John P Trowby Brockman
John Romano Tyler Thomas
John Wenskovitch Tyson Dyck
Jonathan Crew Ulf Lundberg
Jonathan Redden Vernon Vincent
Joshua M. Garrett Vincent Baggio
Judith Waidlich Warren Rogers
Karen WC
Katie Keith Wil Vargas
Kaze Will Stapleton
Keavathediva William Ching
Keera Takamiyashiro William Vasich
Wofford
Kevin Clucas Hugh Hog
Special thanks to the following individuals for their contributions to this manual:

Bernd Schneider, Masao Okazaki, Dan Carlson, Allen Rolfes, Brendon Goodyear, Jim Bob, the entire team of writers of Star
Trek: The Role Playing Game (FASA), with special mention to John Ford, Guy McLimore, John Theisen, David Tepool, Greg
Poehlein, Artwork by Jaynz, the inspiring artwork of Dana Knutson and the other artists at FASA, and to Jordan Weisman
and the production staff at FASA for bestowing in me countless fond memories .

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Table of Contents

Federation Historical Documents .............................................................................................................................. 11

The Statutes of Alpha III ................................................................................................................................................ 13
The Fundamental Declaration of the Martian Colonies ...................................................................................... 18
Charter of the United Federation of Planets ......................................................................................................... 19
Starfleet Charter ........................................................................................................................................................... 39
Starfleet General Orders ............................................................................................................................................. 47
Earth-Romulan Treaty of Peace ............................................................................................................................... 50
Peace Treaty of Axanar ................................................................................................................................................54
Technology ...........................................................................................................................................................................56
The Romulan War............................................................................................................................................................. 68
The United Federation of Planets ............................................................................................................................. 69
Selected Starfleet Vessels ........................................................................................................................................... 81
The Romulans................................................................................................................................................................... 99
Selected Romulan Vessels ......................................................................................................................................... 105
The Four Years War ........................................................................................................................................................ 114
The United Federation of Planets ..............................................................................................................................115
Starfleet Doctrine ...........................................................................................................................................................119
Selected Starfleet Vessels .........................................................................................................................................127
The Klingon Empire .........................................................................................................................................................151
Klingon Fleet Doctrine ................................................................................................................................................. 155
Selected Klingon Vessels..............................................................................................................................................161

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The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 10
Federation Historical
Documents

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The Statutes of Alpha III
The Statutes of Alpha III came about during the pinnacle of a scientific renaissance on that world. Late in the 22 nd
century, scientists on Alpha III were able to not only discover that many creatures on their world communicated with one
another, but that they were also attempting to communicate with the primary bipedal inhabitants of Alpha III. In a
monumental breakthrough, these scientists were able to successfully communicate with several mammalian and aquatic
races. Following a protracted series of debates and diplomatic sessions, the Statutes of Alpha III were born to protect the
rights of all creatures of sentience on that world. This document, in conjunction with The Fundamental Declaration of the
Martian Colonies and several others, was later used as the basis for the Articles of the United Federation of Planets.

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Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all sentient beings is the foundation
of freedom, justice and peace in their world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for sentient rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience
of all races, and the advent of a system in which sentient beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom
from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

Whereas it is essential, if said beings are not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against
tyranny and oppression, that those beings’ rights should be protected by the rule of law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between species,

Whereas the respective species of Alpha III have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in the fundamental rights of all
sentient beings, in the dignity and worth of those beings and in the equal rights of various genders of those beings, if
applicable, and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

Whereas all species able to make such affirmations have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with one another,
the promotion of universal respect for and observance of sentient rights and fundamental freedoms,

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of
their pledge,

Now, therefore, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THEIR UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF SENTIENT RIGHTS as a common
standard of achievement for all beings, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping their Declara-
tion constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by
progressive measures, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among species dissimi-
lar to themselves and among the species of their own distinction.

Article 1.
All sentient beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and
should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2.
Sentient beings are entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in their Declaration, without distinction of any
kind, such as species, race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, proper-
ty, birth, or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or
international status of the territory to which a sentient being belongs, whether it be independent, trust,
non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3.
Sentient beings have the right to life, liberty and security of self.

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Article 4.
No sentient being shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their
forms.

Article 5.
No sentient being shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 6.
Sentient beings have the right to recognition everywhere as a being of sentience before the law.

Article 7.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled
to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of their Declaration and against any incitement to such
discrimination.

Article 8.
Sentient beings have the right to an effective remedy by competent tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights
granted them by the constitution or by law.

Article 9.
No sentient being shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 10.
All sentient beings are entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in
the determination of their rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against them.

Article 11.
(1) All sentient beings charged with a penal offense have the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty
according to law in a public trial at which they have had all the guarantees necessary for their defense.
(2) No sentient beings shall be held guilty of any penal offense on account of any act or omission which did not
constitute a penal offense at the time when it was committed, nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one
that was applicable at the time the penal offense was committed.

Article 12.
No sentient beings shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with their privacy, family, home or correspondence,
nor to attacks upon their honor and reputation. Sentient beings have the right to the protection of the law against
such interference or attacks.
Article 13.
(1) Sentient beings have the right to freedom of movement and residence throughout the entirety of Alpha III.
(2) Sentient beings have the right to leave any established territory, including their own, and to return to their place

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 of birth.

Article 14.
(1) Sentient beings have the right to seek and to enjoy in other lands asylum from persecution.
(2) Their right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from
acts contrary to the purposes and principles of Alpha III.

Article 15.
(1) Sentient beings have the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of their nationality or denied the right to change their nationality.

Article 16.
(1) Sentient beings of full age, without any limitation due to species, race, gender, nationality or religion, have the
right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its
dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the
statutes of this Declaration.

Article 17.
(1) Sentient beings have the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No sentient being shall be arbitrarily deprived of their property.

Article 18.
Sentient beings have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; their right includes freedom to change
their religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest
their religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 19.
Sentient beings have the right to freedom of opinion and expression; their right includes freedom to hold opinions
without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of
frontiers.

Article 20.
(1) Sentient beings have the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No sentient being may be compelled to belong to an association.

Article 21.
(1) Sentient beings have the right to take part in the government of their world, directly or through freely chosen
representatives.

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 (2) Sentient beings have the right of equal access to public service in their world.
(3) The will of sentient beings shall be the basis of the authority of government; their will shall be expressed in
periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by
equivalent free voting procedures.

Article 22.
Every sentient being, as a member of the society of Alpha III, has the right to social security and is entitled to realiza-
tion, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of
each region, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for their dignity and the free development of
their personality.

Article 23.
(1) Sentient beings have the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and
to protection against unemployment.
(2) Sentient beings, without any discrimination, have the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Sentient beings who work have the right to just and favorable remuneration, ensuring for themselves and their
family an existence worthy of dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
(4) Sentient beings have the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of their interests.

Article 24.
Sentient beings have the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic
observances with pay.

Article 25.
(1) Sentient beings have the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of themselves and of
their family, including food, clothing (if desired), housing (if necessary) and medical care and necessary social ser-
vices, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of
livelihood in circumstances beyond their control.
(2) Guardians and progenies are entitled to special care and assistance. All offspring shall enjoy the same social
protection.

Article 26.
(1) Sentient beings have the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental
stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally
available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the individual personality and to the strengthening of re-
spect for individual rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship
among all species and racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parentages have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their offspring.

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Article 27.
(1) Sentient beings have the right to freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to
share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Sentient beings have the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific,
literary or artistic production of which they are the author.

Article 28.
Sentient beings are entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this
Declaration can be fully realized.

Article 29.
(1) Sentient beings have duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of their personality is
possible.
(2) In the exercise of their rights and freedoms, all sentient beings shall be subject only to such limitations as are
determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of
others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic
society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of Alpha III.

Article 30.
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any species, state, group or individual any right to
engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth
herein.

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Fundamental Declaration of the Martian Colonies
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for planets to dissolve the political bands which have
connected them with their home planet, Earth, and to assume with the Earth a separate and autonomous status, a decent
respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to separate.

We contend that the great distances and differing planetary realities among planets and the Earth have given rise to
numerous inequities and misunderstandings.

We further contend that the representation afforded planets in any Earth-centered political forum cannot provide
sufficient voice for our needs and aspirations.

We, therefore, the representatives of all inhabited regions of the solar system, met here at the Martian colonies, do, in the
name and by the authority of the good people of these regions, solemnly publish and declare that these regions are, and of
right ought to be, FREE AND AUTONOMOUS.

This declaration implies no malice nor animosity toward the planet Earth. It recognizes the authority of the Earth over
interplanetary affairs and pledges full participation in the maintenance and security of the solar system.

However, the FREEDOM AND AUTONOMY of these regions must be considered an individual principle, which hereafter must
be honored by all peaceful governments and will be defended by these regions with the full weight of their honor, their
fortunes, and their lives.

Signed at these MARTIAN COLONIES,

John Hammerlich
Governor of the Martian Colonies

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The Charter of the United Federation of Planets

We, the intelligent life-forms of the United Federation of Planets, determined to save succeeding generations from the
scourge of intergalactic war which has brought untold horror and suffering to our planetary social systems, and to reaf-
firm faith in the fundamental intelligent life-form rights, in the dignity and worth of the intelligent life-form person, to the
equal rights of male and female and of planetary social systems large and small, and to establish conditions under which
justice and mutual respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of interplanetary law can be main-
tained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and to these ends to practice be-
nevolent tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain
intergalactic peace and security, and to ensure by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods that armed
force shall not be used except in the common defense, and to employ intergalactic machinery for the promotion of the
economic and social advancement of all intelligent life-forms, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these
aims. Accordingly, the respective social systems, through representatives assembled on the planet Babel, who have ex-
hibited their full powers to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter, and do hereby establish an in-
terplanetary organization to be known as the United Federation of Planets.

Index of Contents
Chapter I: Purposes and Principles
Chapter II: Membership
Chapter III: Agencies
Chapter IV: The Supreme Assembly
Chapter V: The Federation Council
Chapter VI: Pacific Settlement of Disputes
Chapter VII: Action with Respect to Threats of the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression
Chapter VIII: Starfleet
Chapter IX: Interplanetary Economic and Social Cooperation
Chapter X: The Economic and Social Council
Chapter XI: Declaration Regarding Non-Self-Governing Regions
Chapter XII: Interplanetary Trusteeship System
Chapter XIII: The Trusteeship Council
Chapter XIV: The Interplanetary Supreme Court of Justice
Chapter XV: The President
Chapter XVI: Miscellaneous Provisions
Chapter XVII: Transitory Security Arrangements
Chapter XVIII: Amendments
Chapter XIX: Ratification and Signature

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Chapter I: Purposes and Principles

Article 1
The purposes of the United Federation of Planets are:

To maintain interplanetary peace and security within its acknowledged and accepted borders, and to that end: to take
effective collective measures for the prevention of threats to the peace, the suppression of acts of aggression, and to bring
about by peaceful means, and employing the principles of justice and intergalactic law, adjustment or settlement of inter-
planetary disputes which might lead to a breach of the peace;
To develop friendly relations among planets based on respect for the principles of equal rights and self-determination of
intelligent life-forms, and to other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
To achieve interplanetary cooperation in solving intergalactic problems of economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian
character; in promoting and encouraging respect for intelligent life-form rights; and for fundamental freedoms for all with-
out distinction as to culture, sex, life-form, or religious belief; and
To be a center for consilience of the actions of all social systems in the attainment of these common ends.

Article 2
The Federation and its members, in pursuit of the purposes stated, shall act in accordance with the following principles:

The Federation is based on the sovereign equality of all its members.

In order to ensure to all of them equal rights and benefits resulting from membership, all members shall fulfill in good
faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.
All members shall settle their interplanetary disputes by peaceful means in such manner that intergalactic peace, secu-
rity, and justice are not endangered.
In all interplanetary relations, all members shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity
or political independence of any planetary social system, or in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United
Federation.
All members shall give the United Federation every assistance in any action taken in accordance with the present Char-
ter, and shall refrain from assisting any planetary social system against which the Federation is taking preventive or en-
forcement action.
The United Federation shall ensure that planetary social systems which are not members of the Federation act in ac-
cordance with these principles as necessary for the maintenance of intergalactic peace and security.
Nothing within the present Charter shall authorize the Federation to intervene in matters which are essentially the do-
mestic jurisdiction of any planetary social system, or shall require the members to submit such matters to settlement un-
der the present Charter, but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII.

Chapter II: Membership

Article 3
The original members of the United Federation of Planets shall be those planetary social systems which, having partici-
pated in the interplanetary Conference on Interplanetary Federation at Babel, or having previously signed the Declaration of
the United Federation of Planets of 11 October 2161, sign the present Charter and ratify them in accordance with Article 110.

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Article 4
Membership in the United Federation is open to any other peaceful planetary social systems which accept the obliga-
tions contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Federation, are capable and willing to carry out these
obligations.
The admission of any such planetary social system to membership in the United Federation of Planets is contingent
upon the decision of the Supreme Assembly upon recommendation of the Federation Council.

Article 5
The Supreme Assembly may suspend the rights and privileges of membership of any member of the United Federation
against which the Federation Council has taken preventive or enforcement action. The Federation Council may restore
these rights and privileges of membership at its discretion.

Article 6
Any member of the United Federation which has persistently violated the purposes contained in the present Charter
may be expelled from the Federation by the Supreme Assembly upon the recommendation of the Federation Council.

Chapter III: Agencies

Article 7
There are established as the principle agencies of the United Federation of Planets: a Supreme Assembly, a Federation
Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an Interplanetary Supreme Court of Justice, a Starfleet
Combined Peacekeeping Force, and an Executive.
Such subsidiary agencies as may be deemed necessary from time to time may be established in accordance with the
present Charter.

Article 8
The United Federation shall place no restriction on the eligibility of male and female life-forms or any member plane-
tary social system to participate in any capacity under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary agencies.

Chapter IV: The Supreme Assembly

Article 9—Composition
The Supreme Assembly shall consist of all the members of the United Federation of Planets. Each member shall be
entitled to have not more than five (5) representatives in this body.

Article 10—Functions and Powers

The Supreme Assembly may discuss any questions on any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating
to the powers and functions of any agencies provided for in the present Charter and, except as provided in Article 12, may
make recommendations to the members and the Federation Council or both on any such questions or matters.

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Article 11
The Supreme Assembly may consider the general principles of cooperation in maintaining interplanetary peace and
security, including disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such
principles to the members or the Federation Council or to both.
The Supreme Assembly may discuss any questions relative to the maintenance of intergalactic peace and security put
to it by any member of the Federation Council, or a nonmember planetary social system in accordance with Article 25
Paragraph 2 and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to any such questions to the
members, the Federation Council, the pleading planetary social system, or to all of them. Any such question on which ac-
tion is necessary shall be referred to the Federation Council by the Supreme Assembly either before or after discussion.
The Supreme Assembly may call situations which are likely to endanger the interplanetary and intergalactic peace and
security to the attention of the Federation Council.
The powers of the Supreme Assembly as set forth in this Article shall not limit the scope of Article 10.

Article 12
Where the Federation Council is executing the functions assigned to it under the present Charter with respect to any
dispute or situation, the Supreme Assembly shall make no recommendation with regard to that dispute or situation unless
so requested by the Federation Council.
The President, with the consent of the Federation Council, shall notify the Supreme Assembly at each session of any
matters relating to the maintenance of interplanetary peace and security which are under discussion in the Federation
Council, and shall notify the Supreme Assembly, or the members if the Supreme Assembly is not in session, immediately
when the Federation Council completes its deliberations on any such matters.

Article 13
The Supreme Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of:
Promoting interplanetary cooperation in political fields and encouraging the progressive development of interplan-
etary law and its codification;
Promoting interplanetary cooperation in the economic, social, cultural, educational, and health fields, and assisting
in the realization of intelligent life-form rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to culture, sex,
language, or religion.
The further responsibilities, functions, and powers of the Supreme Assembly with respect to matters mentioned in
Paragraph 1(b) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X.

Article 14
Subject to the provisions of Article 12, the Supreme Assembly may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment
of any situation, regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly relations among the
planets, including situations resulting from violations of the provisions of the present Charter setting forth the purposes
and principles of the United Federation of Planets.

Article 15
The Supreme Assembly shall receive and consider regular and special reports from the Federation Council; these re-
ports shall include an account of the measures that the Federation Council has decided upon or taken to maintain inter-
planetary peace and security.

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 The Supreme Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other agencies of the United Federation during
agreed-upon regular periods of reporting.

Article 16
The Supreme Assembly shall perform such functions of intergalactic trusteeship as are assigned to it under Chapters
XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship agreements for areas which are not designated as strategic.

Article 17
The Supreme Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the United Federation of Planets.
The expenses of the United Federation of Planets shall be borne by the members as apportioned by the Supreme Assembly.
The Supreme Assembly shall consider and approve any financial and budgetary agreements with the specialized agen-
cies referred to in Article 57 and shall examine the administrative budgets of such specialized agencies with a view to mak-
ing recommendations to the agencies concerned.
All budgets of and expenses of the United Federation shall be made and paid in the common interplanetary credit. The
common interplanetary credit shall be the official medium of exchange within the United Federation treaty exploration ter-
ritory.

Article 18—Voting
Each member of the Supreme Assembly shall have one (1) vote.
Decisions of the Supreme Assembly on important decisions shall be made on a two-thirds (2/3) majority vote of the
members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of inter-
planetary peace and security; the election of non-permanent members to the Federation Council; the election of members
of the trusteeship council in accordance with Paragraph 1(c) of Article 86; the admission of new members to the Federa-
tion; the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership; the expulsion of members; questions relating to the opera-
tion of the trusteeship system; and budgetary questions.
Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-
thirds (2/3) majority, shall be made by a majority vote of the members present and voting.

Article 19
A member of the United Federation which is in arrears in the payment of its financial obligations to the Federation shall
have no vote in the Supreme Assembly if the amount it is in arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due
from it for the preceding two accounting periods. The Supreme Assembly may nevertheless permit such a member to vote
if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the member.

Article 20—Procedure
The Supreme Assembly shall meet in regular periodic sessions and in such special sessions as occasion may require.
Special sessions shall be convoked by the President at the request of the Federation Council or of a majority of the mem-
bers of the United Federation.

Article 21
The Supreme Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure. It shall elect its President for each session.

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Article 22
The Supreme Assembly may establish such subsidiary agencies as it deems necessary for the performance of its func-
tions.

Chapter V: The Federation Council

Article 23—Composition
The Federation Council shall consist of eleven (11) members of the United Federation. The United Federation of Planets,
the Planetary Union of Vulcan, the Andorian Sovereignty, the United Alliance of Tellar, and the Confederation of Altair shall
be permanent members of the Federation Council. The Supreme Assembly shall elect six (6) other members of the United
Federation to be non-permanent members of the Federation Council, due regard being especially paid, in the first in-
stance, to the contribution of the members to the United Federation for the maintenance of interplanetary peace and se-
curity and to the other purposes of the Federation, and also to equitable geogalactic distribution.
The non-permanent members of the Federation Council shall be elected for a term of two (2) session periods. In the
first election of non-permanent members, however, three (3) shall be elected for a term of one (1) session period. A retir-
ing member shall not be eligible for immediate reelection.

Article 24—Functions and Powers

In order to assure prompt and effective action by the United Federation of Planets, its members confer on the Federa-
tion Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of interplanetary peace and security, and agree that in carrying
out its duties under this responsibility the Federation Council acts on their behalf.
In discharging these duties, the Federation Council shall act in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Unit-
ed Federation. The specific powers granted to the Federation Council for the discharge of these duties are laid down in
Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and XII.
The Federation Council shall submit regular and, when necessary, special reports to the Supreme Assembly for its
consideration.

Article 25
The members of the United Federation agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Federation Council in accord-
ance with the present Charter.

Article 26
In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of interplanetary peace and security with the least diversion of
the Federation's life-forms and economic resources for armaments, the Federation Council shall be responsible for for-
mulating, with the assistance of Starfleet Headquarters staff referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted to the mem-
bers of the United Federation for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments.

Article 27—Voting
Each member of the Federation Council shall have one (1) vote.
Decisions of the Federation Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of seven (7) members.
Decisions of the Federation Council on all other matters shall be made on an affirmative vote of seven (7) members
including the concurring votes of the permanent members, provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under

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Paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to the dispute shall refrain from voting.

Article 28—Procedure
The Federation Council shall be so organized as to be able to function continuously. Each member of the Federation
Council shall, for this purpose, be represented at all times at the seat of the Federation.
The Federation Council shall hold periodic meetings at which each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented
by a member of its government or by some other specially designated representative.
The Federation Council may hold meetings at such places other than the seat of the Federation as, in its judgment, will
facilitate its work.

Article 29
The Federation Council may establish such subsidiary agencies as it deems necessary for the performance of its func-
tions.

Article 30
The Federation Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its governor.

Article 31
Any member of the United Federation which is not a member of the Federation Council may participate, without vote, in
the discussion of any question brought before the Federation Council whenever the latter considers that the interests of
the member are specifically affected.

Article 32
Any member of the United Federation which is not a member of the Federation Council or any planetary social system
which is not a member of the United Federation of Planets, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by the Federa-
tion Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, in the discussion relating to the dispute. The Federation Council
shall lay down the conditions as it deems just for the participation of a planetary social system which is not a member of
the United Federation of Planets.

Chapter VI: Pacific Settlement of Disputes

Article 33
The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of interplanetary peace and
security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, inquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement,
resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.
The Federation Council shall, when it deems necessary, call upon the parties to settle their disputes by such means.

Article 34
The Federation Council may investigate any dispute, or any situation that might lead to interplanetary friction or give
rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger the
maintenance of interplanetary peace and security.

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Article 35
Any member of the United Federation may bring any dispute, or any situation of the nature referred to in Article 34, to
the attention of the Federation Council or the Supreme Assembly.
A planetary social system which is not a member of the United Federation of Planets may bring to the attention of the
Federation Council or the Supreme Assembly any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, for the purposes
of disputes, the obligation of pacific settlement provided in the present Charter.
The proceedings of the Supreme Assembly in respect to matters brought to its attention under this Article will be sub-
ject to the provisions of Articles 11 and 12.

Article 36
The Federation Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 or of a situation of like
nature, recommend procedures or appropriate methods of adjustment.
The Federation Council shall take into consideration any procedures for the settlement of the dispute which have al-
ready been adopted by the parties.
In making recommendations under the Article, the Federation Council should also take into consideration that legal
disputes should as a general rule be referred to the Interplanetary Supreme Court of Justice in accordance with the pro-
visions of the statute of the court.

Article 37
Should the parties to a dispute as referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by means indicated in that Article, they shall
refer it to the Federation Council.
If the Federation Council deems that the continuance of the dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of
interplanetary peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action under Article 36 or to recommend such terms as
it may consider appropriate.

Article 38
Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 through 37, the Federation Council may, if all the parties to any dis-
pute so request, make recommendations to the parties with a view to a pacific settlement of the dispute.

Chapter VII: Action with Respect to Threats of the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of
Aggression

Article 39
The Federation Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggres-
sion and shall make recommendations to maintain or restore interplanetary peace and security.

Article 40
In order to prevent aggravation of the situation, the Federation Council may call upon the parties concerned to comply
with such provisional measures as it deems necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be without prejudice
to the rights, claims, or position of the parties concerned. The Federation Council shall take into account any failure to
comply with such provisional measures.

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Article 41
The Federation Council may decide what measures short of the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to
its decisions, and may call upon the members of the United Federation to apply such measures. These may include partial
or complete interruption of economic relations, interplanetary communications and space travel, and severance of diplo-
matic relations.

Article 42
Should the Federation Council consider that measures under Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inad-
equate, it may take such action by armed force as necessary to maintain or restore interplanetary peace and security.
Such action may include demonstrations, blockades, and other operations by Starfleet’s combined peacekeeping forces.

Article 43
All members of the United Federation in obligation to the maintenance of interplanetary peace and security agree to
make available to Starfleet, on call of the Federation Council, armed forces, assistance, and facilities, including right of
passage, necessary for the maintenance of interplanetary peace and security.

Article 44
When the Federation Council has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a member not represented on it to
provide armed forces in fulfillment of obligations assumed under Article 43, invite that member to participate in the deci-
sion of the Federation Council relating to the employment of contingents of the member's armed forces.

Article 45
In order to enable the United Federation to take urgent military measures, all members so capable shall assign contin-
gents of their armed forces to Starfleet to be employed as a single peacekeeping force of the United Federation of Plan-
ets. All contingents so assigned shall, for the duration of their assignment, hold full faith and loyalty to the United Federa-
tion of Planets and the protection of the purposes and principles of the present Charter.

Article 46
Plans for the application of Starfleet armed forces shall be made by the Federation Council with the assistance of the
Military Staff Committee of Starfleet Headquarters.

Article 47
There shall be established within Starfleet a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the Federation Council on all
matters relating to the United Federation's military requirements for maintaining interplanetary peace and security.
The Military Staff Committee shall consist of the chiefs of staff of the permanent members of the Federation Council,
or their representatives. Any member of the United Federation may be invited to provide representation on the Military
Staff Committee where its responsibilities require the participation of that member in its work.
The Military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the Federation Council, shall establish a Starfleet as the armed,
peacekeeping forces of the United Federation of Planets. It shall be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of
all facilities of Starfleet, including armed ships, starbases, and training facilities.
The Military Staff Committee shall be responsible under the Federation Council for the strategic direction of Starfleet
armed forces, and the other armed forces of the members when required for the maintenance on interplanetary peace

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and security.

Article 48
The action required to carry out decisions of the Federation Council for the maintenance of interplanetary peace and
security shall be taken by Starfleet, using such contingents as are appropriate to the specific action.

Article 49
The members of the United Federation shall join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures decided
upon by the Federation Council and in assisting Starfleet in the performance of its duties and obligations.

Article 50
If preventive or enforcement measures against any planet are taken by the Federation Council, any other planet,
whether a member of the United Federation or not, which finds itself confronted with special economic problems arising
from the carrying out of these measures shall have the right to consult with the Federation Council with regard to the
solution of its problems.

Article 51
Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense against armed
attacks occurring to members of the United Federation, until the Federation Council has taken measures necessary to
maintain interplanetary peace and security, and Starfleet forces can be brought into action. Such actions taken by mem-
bers of the United Federation in their self-defense shall be immediately reported to the Federation Council.

Chapter VIII: Starfleet

Article 52
There is established a Starfleet as the armed peacekeeping forces of the United Federation of Planets. It shall initially
be comprised of contingents assigned to it by members of the United Federation under Article 43 until such time as facili-
ties, recruitment, and training obviates the necessity of drawing upon the armament of any member, except as provided
in Article 49.
The operations and actions of Starfleet shall at all times be under the direct cognizance of the Federation Council and
the Military Staff Committee, which shall also prepare and approve the budget for Starfleet operations.
Initial expenditure is authorized under the present Charter for the establishment of a Starfleet Headquarters and
twenty (20) starbases to be equitably located within the boundary of the United Federation of Planets and outside of any
possible conflict with the territorial boundaries of any member of the United Federation. The Federation Council shall re-
view and approve such other expansions of starbases and other facilities as shall seem appropriate from time to time in
the maintenance of interplanetary peace and security.
Initial expenditure is also granted under the present Charter for the establishment of a Starfleet Academy for the
purpose of training officers and personnel for Starfleet duty. The standards for training such officers and personnel shall
be determined by the Military Staff Committee and approved by the Federation Council.

Article 53
Initial expenditure is granted under the present Charter for the design, procurement, and operation of one hundred

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fifty (150) cruiser-class starships to provide the nucleus of Starfleet's peacekeeping armed forces. These cruisers shall
be capable of extended-duration patrol of intergalactic range, with weaponry appropriate to such class of starships. They
shall be provided with firepower superior to that now employed by any member of the United Federation, and appropriate
to the tasks expected of them.
Expenditure is also granted under the present Charter for the procurement and construction of such lesser classes of
starships as shall be required to support Starfleet operations and the cruiser class of starships. These may be, but are
not necessarily limited to, types such as scouts, destroyers, transports, resupply, shuttlecraft, and survey ships.

Article 54
The training of base personnel and ship complements shall include all fields of science and technology as well as the
military arts in Starfleet. It is the intent of the present Charter that Starfleet shall be used to conduct missions of scien-
tific exploration and investigation whenever its services are not required in the maintenance of interplanetary peace and
security.
Starfleet Headquarters and the Federation Council shall be at all times kept informed of the activities undertaken, or
contemplated, for scientific exploration and investigation. Any ship so employed shall be detached from military fleet duty
and reassigned as a nonmilitary scientific unit of the United Federation.

Chapter IX: Interplanetary Economic and Social Cooperation

Article 55
With a view to creating conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful relations among plane-
tary social systems based on respect for the principles of equal rights and self-determination of all intelligent life-forms,
the United Federation of Planets shall promote:
Higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;
Solution of interplanetary economic, social, health, and related problems; interplanetary cultural and educational coop-
eration; and
Universal respect for, and observance of, intelligent life-form rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinc-
tion as to culture, sex, language, or religion.

Article 56
All members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in cooperation with the United Federation for the
achievement of the purposes and goals set forth in Article 55.

Article 57
The various specialized agencies, established by interplanetary agreement and having wide interplanetary responsibili-
ties as defined in their basic instruments in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be
brought into relationship with the United Federation in accordance with Article 63.
Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Federation are hereafter referred to as specialized agen-
cies.

Article 58
The United Federation shall make recommendations for the coordination of the policies and activities of the agencies.

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Article 59
The United Federation shall, where appropriate, initiate negotiations among its members concerned for the creation of
any new specialized agencies required for the accomplishment of the purposes set forth in Article 55.

Article 60
Responsibility for the discharge of the functions of the United Federation as set forth in this Charter shall be vested in
the Supreme Assembly and, under the authority of the Supreme Assembly, in the Economic and Social Council which shall
have, for this purpose, the powers set forth in Chapter X.

Chapter X: The Economic and Social Council

Article 61—Composition
The Economic and Social Council shall consist of eighteen (18) members of the United Federation as elected by the Su-
preme Assembly.
Subject to the provisions of Paragraph 3, six (6) members of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each
session for a term of three (3) session periods. A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate reelection.
At the first election, eighteen (18) members of the Economic and Social Council shall be chosen; the term of office of six
(6) members so chosen will expire at the end of one (1) session period, and the terms of six (6) other members at the end
of two (2) session periods in accordance with arrangements made by the Supreme Assembly.
Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one (1) representative.

Article 62—Functions and Powers

The Economic and Social Council may make or initiate studies and reports with respect to interplanetary economic,
social, cultural, educational, health, and related matters and may make recommendations with respect to any such mat-
ters to the Supreme Assembly, to the members of the United Federation, and to specialized agencies concerned.
It may make recommendations for the purpose of promoting respect for, and observance of, intelligent life-form
rights and fundamental freedoms for all.
It may prepare draft instruments with the rules prescribed by the United Federation.
It may prepare draft instruments for admission to the Supreme Assembly, with respect to matters falling within its
competence.
It may call, in accordance with the rules prescribed by the United Federation, interplanetary conferences on matters
falling within its competence.

Article 63
The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of its agencies referred to in Article 57, defining
the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Federation. Such agreements
shall be subject to approval by the Supreme Assembly.
It may coordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such
agencies and through recommendations to the Supreme Assembly and to the members of the United Federation.

Article 64
The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate steps to obtain reports from the specialized agencies. It may

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make arrangements with the members of the United Federation and with the specialized agencies to obtain reports on the
steps taken to give effect to its own recommendations and to recommendations on matters falling within its competence
by the Supreme Assembly.

Article 65
The Economic and Social Council may furnish information to the Federation Council and shall assist the Federation
Council upon its request.

Article 66
The Economic and Social Council shall perform such functions as fall within its competence in connection with the car-
rying out of the recommendations of the Supreme Assembly.
It may, with the approval of the Supreme Assembly, perform services at the request of members of the United Federa-
tion or as may be assigned to it by the Supreme Assembly.

Article 67—Voting
Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one (1) vote.
Decisions of the Economic and Social Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.

Article 68—Procedures
The Economic and Social Council shall set up commissions in economic and social fields and for the promotion of intel-
ligent life-form rights, and such other commissions as may be required for the performance of its functions.

Article 69
The Economic and Social Council shall invite any member of the United Federation to participate, without vote, in its
deliberations on any matter of particular concern to that member.

Article 70
The Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for representatives of the specialized agencies to partici-
pate, without vote, in its deliberations and in those commissions established by it, and for its representatives to partici-
pate in the deliberations of the specialized agencies.

Article 71
The Economic and Social Council may make suitable arrangements for consultation with nongovernmental and inter-
planetary organizations which are concerned with matters within its competence. Such arrangements may be made with
planetary organizations after consultation with concerned members of the United Federation.

Article 72
The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its director.
The Economic and Social Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for
the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.

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Chapter XI: Declaration Regarding Non-Self-Governing Regions

Article 73
Members of the United Federation which have assumed responsibilities for the administration of regions whose intelli-
gent life-forms have not yet attained a full measure of self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the
inhabitants of these regions are paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to promote to the utmost, within
the system of interplanetary peace and security established by the present Charter, the well-being of the inhabitants of
these regions, and, to this end:
To ensure, with due respect for the cultures of the intelligent life-forms concerned, their political, economic, social,
and educational advancement, their just treatment, and their protection against abuses;
To develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the intelligent life-forms, and to assist
them in the progressive development of their free political institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each
region and its intelligent life-forms and their varying stages of advancement;
To further interplanetary peace and security;
To promote constructive measures of development, to encourage research, and to cooperate with one another and,
when and where appropriate, with specialized interplanetary bodies with a view to the practical achievement of the social,
economic, and scientific purposes set forth in this Article; and
To transmit regularly to the President for information purposes, subject to such limitations as security and statutory
considerations may require, statistical and other information of a technical nature relating to economic, social, and edu-
cational conditions in the regions for which they are respectively responsible other than those regions to which Chapters
XII and XIII apply.

Article 74
Members of the United Federation also agree that their policy in respect of the regions to which this Charter applies,
no less than in respect of their metropolitan areas, must be based on the general principle of good-neighborliness, due
account being taken of the interests and well-being of the rest of the Federation territory in social, economic, and com-
mercial matters.

Chapter XII: Interplanetary Trusteeship System

Article 75
The United Federation shall establish under its authority an interplanetary trusteeship system for the administration
and supervision of such regions as may be placed thereunder by subsequent individual agreements. These regions are
hereinafter referred to as trust regions.

Article 76
The basic objectives of the trusteeship system, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Federa-
tion as laid down in the present Charter, shall be:
To further interplanetary peace and security;
To promote the political, economic, social, and educational advancements of the inhabitants of the trust regions, and
their progressive development toward self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circum-
stances of each region and its intelligent life-forms concerned, and as may be provided by the terms of the trusteeship

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agreement;
To encourage respect for intelligent life-form rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to cul-
ture, sex, language, or religion, and to encourage recognition of the interdependence of the intelligent life-forms of the
galaxy; and
To ensure equal treatment in social, economic, and commercial matters for all members of the United Federation and
their nationals, and also equal treatment for the latter in the administration of justice, without prejudice to the adjustment
of foregoing objectives and subject to the provisions of Article 80.

Article 77
The trusteeship system shall apply to such regions in the following categories as may be placed thereunder by means
of trusteeship agreements:
Regions now held under mandate;
Regions which may be detached from alien social systems as a result of interplanetary war; and
Regions voluntarily placed under the trusteeship system by social systems responsible for their administration.
It will be a matter for subsequent agreement as to which regions in the foregoing categories will be brought under the
trusteeship system and under what terms.

Article 78
The trusteeship system shall not apply to regions which have become members of the United Federation of Planets, the
relationship among which shall be based on the respect for the principle of sovereign equality.

Article 79
The terms of trusteeship for each region to be placed under the trusteeship system, including any alteration or
amendment, shall be agreed upon by the social systems directly concerned, including the mandatory power in the case of
regions held under mandate by a member of the United Federation, and shall be approved as provided for in Articles 83
and 85.

Article 80
Except as may be agreed upon in individual trusteeship agreements made under Articles 77, 79, and 81, placing each
region under the trusteeship system, and until such agreements have been concluded, nothing in this Charter shall be
construed in or of itself to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any social systems or any intelligent life-forms or
the terms of existing agreements to which members of the United Federation may respectively be parties.
Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be interpreted as giving grounds for delay or postponement of the negotiation and
conclusion of agreements for placing mandated and other regions under the trusteeship system as provided for in Article
77.

Article 81
The trusteeship agreement shall in each case include the terms under which the trust region will be administered and
designate the authority which will be exercising the administration of the trust region. Such authority, hereinafter called
the administering authority, may be one or more social systems of the United Federation itself.

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Article 82
There may be designated, in the trusteeship agreement, a strategic area or areas which may include part or all of the
trust region to which the agreement applies, without prejudice to any special agreement or agreements made under Arti-
cle 43.

Article 83
All functions of the United Federation relating to strategic areas, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship
agreements and of their subsequent alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the Federation Council.
The basic principles set forth in Article 76 shall apply to the intelligent life-forms of each strategic area.
The Federation Council shall, subject to the provisions of the trusteeship agreements and without prejudice to security
considerations, avail itself of the assistance of the trusteeship council to perform those functions of the United Federation
under the trusteeship system relating to political, economic, social, and educational matters in the strategic areas.

Article 84
It shall be the duty of the administering authority to ensure that the trust region shall play its part in the maintenance
of interplanetary peace and security. To this end the administering authority may make use of volunteer forces, facilities,
and assistance from the trust region in carrying out the obligations toward the Federation Council undertaken in this re-
gard by the administering authority, as well as for the local defense and the maintenance of law and order within the trust
region.

Article 85
The functions of the United Federation with regard to trusteeship agreements for all regions not designated as strate-
gic, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and their alteration or amendment, shall be exer-
cised by the Supreme Assembly.

Chapter XIII: The Trusteeship Council

Article 86—Composition
The Trusteeship Council shall consist of the following members of the United Federation:
Those members administering trust regions;
Such of those members mentioned by name in Article 23 as are not administering trust regions; and
As many other members elected for three (3) session periods by the Supreme Assembly as may be necessary to
ensure that the total number of members of the Trusteeship Council is equally divided between those members of the
United Federation which administer trust regions and those which do not.
Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall designate one (1) specially qualified intelligent life-form to represent it
therein.

Article 87—Functions and Powers

The Supreme Assembly and, under its authority, the Trusteeship Council, in carrying out their functions, may:
Consider reports submitted by the administering authority;
Accept petitions and examine them in consultation with the administering authority;
Provide for periodic visits to the respective trust regions at times agreed upon with the administering authority;

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 and take these and other actions in conformity with the terms of the trusteeship agreements.

Article 88
The Trusteeship Council shall formulate a questionnaire on the political, economic, social, and educational advancement
of the inhabitants of each trust region, and the administering authority for each trust region within the competence of the
Supreme Assembly shall make a periodic report to the Supreme Assembly upon the basis of such questionnaire.

Article 89—Voting
Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall have one (1) vote.
Decisions of the Trusteeship Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.

Article 90—Procedure
The Trusteeship Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its director.
The Trusteeship Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules which shall include a provision for the con-
vening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.

Article 91
The Trusteeship Council shall, when appropriate, avail itself of the assistance of the Economic and Social Council and of
the specialized agencies in regard to matters with which they are respectively concerned.

Chapter XIV: The Interplanetary Supreme Court of Justice

Article 92
The Interplanetary Supreme Court of Justice shall be the principle judicial instrument of the United Federation of Plan-
ets. It shall function in accordance with the appended statute, which is based upon the statute of the Tribunals of Alpha III,
and forms an integral part of the present Charter.

Article 93
All members of the United Federation are ipso facto parties to the statute of the Interplanetary Supreme Court of Jus-
tice.
A social system which is not a member of the United Federation may become a party to the statute of the Interplane-
tary Supreme Court of Justice on conditions to be determined in each case by the Supreme Assembly upon the recom-
mendation of the Federation Council.

Article 94
Each member of the United Federation undertakes to comply with the decisions of the Interplanetary Supreme Court of
Justice in any case to which it is a party.
If any party in a case fails to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court, the
other party may have recourse to the Federation Council, which may, if it deems necessary, make recommendations or
decide upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment.

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Article 95
Nothing in the present Charter shall prevent members of the United Federation of Planets from entrusting the solution
of their differences to other tribunals by virtue of agreements already in existence or which may be concluded in the fu-
ture.

Article 96
The Supreme Assembly or the Federation Council may request the Interplanetary Supreme Court of Justice to give an
advisory opinion on any legal question.
Other bodies of the United Federation and the specialized agencies, which may at any time be so authorized by the Su-
preme Assembly, may also request advisory opinions of the Court on legal questions arising within the scope of their ac-
tivities.

Chapter XV: The President

Article 97
The Executive shall be comprised of a President and such staff as the United Federation may require. The President
shall be appointed by the Supreme Assembly upon the recommendation of the Federation Council, and shall be the chief
executive and administrative officer of the United Federation.

Article 98
The President shall act in that capacity in all meetings of the Supreme Assembly, of the Federation Council, of the Eco-
nomic and Social Council, and of the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform such other functions as are entrusted to the
Executive by these bodies. The President shall make a periodic report to the Supreme Assembly on the work of the United
Federation of Planets.

Article 99
The President may bring to the attention of the Federation Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the
maintenance of interplanetary peace and security.

Article 100
In the performance of their duties, the President and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any govern-
ment or from any other authority external to the United Federation of Planets. They shall refrain from any action which
might reflect on their positions as interplanetary officials responsible only to the United Federation.
Each member of the United Federation undertakes to respect the exclusively interplanetary character of the responsi-
bilities of the President and the staff and shall not seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities.

Article 101
The staffs shall be appointed by the President under regulations established by the Supreme Assembly.
Appropriate staffs shall be permanently assigned to the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and, as
required, to other bodies of the United Federation. These staffs shall form a part of the Executive.
The paramount consideration in the employment of the staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall
be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paid to

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the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geogalactic basis as possible.

Chapter XVI: Miscellaneous Provisions

Article 102
Every treaty and every interplanetary agreement entered into by any member of the United Federation after the pre-
sent Charter comes into force shall, as soon as possible, be registered with the President and published by him.
No party to any such treaty or interplanetary agreement which has not been registered in accordance with the provi-
sions of Paragraph 1 of this article may invoke that treaty or agreement before any body of the United Federation.

Article 103
In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the members of the United Federation under the present Charter
and their obligations under any other interplanetary agreement, their obligations under the present Charter shall prevail.

Article 104
The United Federation shall enjoy in the territory of each of its members such legal capacity as may be necessary for
the exercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes.

Article 105
The United Federation shall enjoy in the territory of each of its members such privileges and immunities as are neces-
sary for the fulfillment of its purposes.
Representatives of the members of the United Federation and officials of the organization shall similarly enjoy such
privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the organi-
zation.
The Supreme Assembly may make recommendations with a view to determining the details of the application of Para-
graphs 1 and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the members of the United Federation for this purpose.

Chapter XVII: Transitory Security Arrangements

Article 106
Pending the coming into full force of such special agreements referred to in Article 43 as, in the opinion of the Federa-
tion Council, enable it to begin the exercise of its responsibilities under Article 42, the parties to the Declaration of the
Federation shall consult with one another and the other members of the United Federation with a view to such joint action
on behalf of the organization as may be necessary for the purpose of maintaining interplanetary peace and security.
Nothing in the present Charter shall invalidate or preclude action in relation to any social system which has been an
adversary of any signatory to the present Charter, taken or authorized as a result of that war by the governments having
responsibility for such action.

Chapter XVIII: Amendments

Article 107
Amendments to the present Charter shall come into force for all members of the United Federation when they have
been adopted by a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the members of the Supreme Assembly and ratified in accordance with their

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 37

respective statutory processes by two-thirds (2/3) of the members of the United Federation, including all the permanent
members of the Federation Council.

Article 108
A general conference of the members of the United Federation for the purpose of reviewing the present Charter may
be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the members of the Supreme Assembly and by a vote
of any seven (7) members of the Federation Council. Each member of the United Federation shall have one (1) vote in the
conference.
Any alterations of the present Charter recommended by a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the conference shall take effect
when ratified in accordance with their respective statutory processes by two-thirds (2/3) of the members of the United
Federation including all the permanent members of the Federation Council.
If such conference has not been held before the tenth regular session of the Supreme Assembly following the coming
into force of the present Charter, the proposal to call such a conference shall be placed on the agenda of that session of
the Supreme Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so decided by a majority vote of the members of the Supreme
Assembly and by a vote of any seven (7) members of the Federation Council.

Chapter XIX: Ratification and Signature

Article 109
The present Charter shall be ratified by the signatory governments in accordance with their respective statutory pro-
cesses.
The ratifications shall be deposited with the government of the United Federation of Planets, which shall notify all the
signatory governments of each deposit as well as the President of the organization when he has been appointed.
The present Charter shall come into full force upon the deposit of the ratifications by the United Federation of Planets,
the Planetary Union of Vulcan, the Andorian Sovereignty, the United Alliance of Tellar, the Confederation of Altair, and by a
majority of the other signatory social systems. A protocol of the ratifications deposited shall thereupon be drawn up by
the government of the United Nations which shall communicate copies thereof to all the signatory governments.
The governments signatory to the present Charter which ratify it after it has come into force will become original
members of the United Federation on the date of the deposit of their respective ratifications.

Article 110
The present Charter, of which the various language texts are equally authentic, upon the coming into full force of the
United Federation of Planets, shall be transferred by the United Nations to the organization for permanent deposit in its
archives. Duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by the President to the governments of all the signatory social
systems.
In faith whereof the representatives of the governments of the United Federation of Planets have signed the present
Charter.
Done at the planet Babel, 11 October 2161.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 38

Starfleet Charter
The Starfleet Charter was authorized by the Articles of the Federation, Chapter VIII, and lays out the operating framework
for Starfleet. Its full text is as follows:

Preamble
By order of the Council of the United Federation of Planets and in accordance with the Articles of the United Federation of
Planets,
In recognition of the need for an interplanetary exploration, peacekeeping, and defense force, with the support of the
member worlds and citizens of the Federation.

Article I: Establishment/Purpose

Section 1:
There is hereby established a Starfleet interplanetary military force, to be under the direct cognizance of the Federation
Council and President. If there is no current Federation Council, Starfleet will assume that role until one is created.

Section 2:
The combined purpose and directive of Starfleet is as follows:
I. Interstellar exploration and scientific assessment of the space within Federation boundaries, including contact
with sufficiently developed intelligent life-forms;
II. Defense of UFP member worlds and citizens from any and all hostile entities;
III. All other duties and tasks which the Federation Council may deem necessary and/or appropriate for Starfleet to
perform.

Article II: Structure

Section 1:
There is established a Starfleet Command, composed of the Commanding Officer and Executive Officer of each subfleet
and department within Starfleet. Only the Commanding Officer of each fleet or division actually sits and votes in cham-
bers. The Executive Officers are, however, privy to all information, so that he/she/it can easily take over when the Com-
manding Officer is unavailable; has asked said Executive Officer to take over; if the Commanding Officer is missing for
more than one month; or Starfleet Command decides that for the good of the fleet/department, the Executive Officer
must take over until the Commanding Officer returns or is replaced by Starfleet Command.

Section 2:
The departments of Starfleet are as follows:
the Office of the Commander In Chief of Starfleet
the Directorate of Exploration
the Joint Chiefs of Staff
the Office of the Chief of Starfleet Operations
the Office of Administration

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 39

 the Office of Strategic Operations
the Office of External Affairs
the Directorate of Personnel
the Judge Advocate General's Corps
the Paymaster's Corps
the Office of the Inspector General
the Directorate of Flight Operations
Starfleet Tactical
the Office of Starfleet Operations
the Office of Starfleet Logistics
the Office of Starfleet Security
the Office of Starfleet Engineering
the Starfleet Corps of Engineers
the Office of Starfleet Research & Development
the Starfleet Sciences Directorate
the Office of the Surgeon General
the Directorate of Intelligence
the Starfleet Marine Corps
the Directorate of Starfighter Operations
the Starfleet Training Command

Section 3:
Starfleet Command controls all aspects of the military of the United Federation of Planets and is authorized to regulate
the inner workings of Starfleet as a whole, through the setting in place and maintenance of general orders and regula-
tions.

Section 4:
The Commanding Officer of each subfleet and department shall have one (1) vote on matters concerning Starfleet Com-
mand and Starfleet as a whole.

Section 5:
The Commander in Chief of Starfleet shall have an non-voting advisory seat on the Federation Council and serve as the
representative of Starfleet, as well as the principle military and exploratory advisor to the Federation President.

Section 6:
Each subfleet and department of Starfleet shall compose a brief Charter stating its general purpose and internal organi-
zation, to be reviewed and approved by the Commander in Chief of Starfleet.

Section 7:
The subfleets comprise the bulk of the Starfleet. These fleets are created as a means of organizing the large number of
ships and crews into manageable units. Subfleets do not have the authority to negotiate treaties, cease-fire agreements
or make pacts with any foreign group, government, military unit, etc., unless that are acting under direct orders from the
head of External Affairs.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 40

Section 8:
No member of Starfleet Command (exclusive of support staff) may hold a rank lower than Captain.

Section 9:
Amendments to this Charter can be added after ratification by majority vote of the members of Starfleet Command.

Section 10:
All members of Starfleet Command are prohibited from commanding more than one single subfleet or department in
Starfleet.

Section 11:
All members of Starfleet Command are prohibited from holding positions within any subfleet or department other than the
one they command.

Section 12:
No assets or personnel of Starfleet Command may be ordered to subdue or otherwise hinder the population of any of the
founding member worlds of the United Federation of Planets.

Section 13:
No commander of a Starfleet vessel or Starfleet-controlled installation, military or otherwise, may grant political asylum
to any individual without first being given express permission to do so by a representative of the Federation government.

Section 14:
In times of extreme threat to the safety of the United Federation of Planets, it is understood that Starfleet or a subordi-
nate entity of Starfleet may be granted the authority to execute measures it deems necessary to ensure the continued
security of said Federation.

Section 15:
In the event that another alliance attacks Federation worlds with or without provocation, Starfleet will respond only when
a unanimous agreement between the Federation Council exists for such action, and only after negotiations have been at-
tempted and have been deemed a failure.

Article III: Selection of Starfleet Command and Other Senior Positions

Section 1: The Commander In Chief of Starfleet:

1. There will be a Commander In Chief of Starfleet, appointed by Starfleet Command and confirmed by a majority vote. This
position will be held until such time in which the Commander In Chief of Starfleet resigns the post or is removed by Star-
fleet Command for justifiable reasons. This can be accomplished by a majority no-confidence vote by Starfleet Command
and/or charges being issued against the Commander In Chief by Starfleet Command or the Inspector General. At that
time the Deputy Commander In Chief takes over and the Chief of Starfleet Operations then doubles as the Deputy Com-
mander In Chief until the matter is settled.

2. The Commander In Chief of Starfleet will hold overriding command of all subfleets and departments of Starfleet. The

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 41

Commander In Chief of Starfleet will preside over Starfleet Command. The Commander In Chief of Starfleet will make the
final declaration of Starfleet policy decisions, general orders and regulations, as voted on and approved by voting mem-
bers of Starfleet Command, with the power to break any voting ties unless the vote of the Commander In Chief helps to
bring about a tie after all Starfleet Command members have voted. If at that time there is an abstention, that Starfleet
Command member will be given the chance to change that vote. If there still is a tie at that point, then the Vice Command-
er In Chief will cast the deciding vote. This is the only instance in which an Executive Officer may vote along with a Com-
manding Officer in Starfleet Command.

3. The Commander In Chief of Starfleet shall have the right to choose his own staff. The Commander In Chief of Starfleet
shall have the authority to discipline any officer under his direct command for a non-criminal breach of protocol. In addi-
tion, the Commander In Chief of Starfleet will have the authority to promote subordinate officers, conduct boards of in-
quiry and investigations in all matters concerning Starfleet Command and Starfleet as a whole, as well as have the au-
thority to pardon military criminals, and make ceremonial awards. Finally, the Commander In Chief of Starfleet will have
the authority to override and/or change the duties and responsibilities of those subordinate to him within reason. Howev-
er, this can be overridden by a majority vote of Starfleet Command. The Commander In Chief of Starfleet will also appoint
a Vice Commander In Chief. This appointment need not be ratified by a majority vote of Starfleet Command.

4. There will be a Vice Commander In Chief of Starfleet, appointed by the Commander In Chief of Starfleet. This position
will be held until either the Vice Commander In Chief of Starfleet abdicates the position, or is replaced by the Commander
In Chief with someone else upon the presentation of just cause, or is removed by Starfleet Command by the same stand-
ard.

5. The Vice Commander In Chief of Starfleet will be responsible to serve as advisor to the Commander In Chief, and for
serving as Commander In Chief should the Commander In Chief of Starfleet becomes unavailable due to absence. The Vice
Commander In Chief of Starfleet is also the official liaison and spokesperson to the news media representing Starfleet.
The person holding this position shall have the right to choose his own staff. The Vice Commander In Chief reserves the
right to review and promote any officer under his command at the end of each promotion period, up to one rank below his
own. The Vice Commander In Chief of Starfleet shall have the authority to discipline any officer under his direct command
for a non-criminal breach of protocol.

Section 2: Head of Starfleet Academy

1. There will be a Commandant of Starfleet Academy, appointed by the Commander In Chief of Starfleet. This position will
be held until either the Commandant of Starfleet Academy abdicates the position, is replaced by the Commander In Chief
with someone else upon the presentation of just cause, or is removed by Starfleet Command by the same standard.

2. The Commandant of Starfleet Academy will be responsible for the function and supervision of the Starfleet Training
Command, the organization and deployment of any additional vessels and equipment needed for training, initial placement
of such newly trained personnel, and as a resource for Starfleet Command in questions of protocol. He shall have the
right to choose his own staff to serve on his starship, and they will also serve as his office staff. The Commandant of
Starfleet Academy reserves the right to review and promote any officer under his command at the end of each promotion
period, up to one rank below his own. He shall have the authority to discipline any officer under his direct command for a
non-criminal breach of protocol. The Vice Commandant of Starfleet Academy is also allowed one starship with crew to
serve as staff for the Vice Commandant.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 42

Section 3: Director of Starfleet Intelligence:
1. There will be a Director of Starfleet Intelligence, appointed by the Commander In Chief of Starfleet. This position will be
held until either the Director of Intelligence abdicates the position, is replaced by the Commander In Chief of Starfleet
with someone else upon the presentation of just cause, or is removed by Starfleet Command by the same standard.

2. The Director of Starfleet Intelligence will be responsible for the undertaking of all Starfleet covert and intelligence-
gathering operations, as well as organization and deployment of Federation Intelligence Operatives, up to and including
the Assault and Rescue and Reconnaissance Units. He shall have the right to choose his own staff. The Director of Star-
fleet Intelligence reserves the right to review and promote any officer under his command at the end of each promotion
period, up to one rank below his own. He shall have the authority to discipline any officer under his direct command for a
non-criminal breach of protocol.

Section 4: Chief of Starfleet Operations:

1. There will be a Chief of Starfleet Operations, appointed by the Commander In Chief of Starfleet. This position will be held
until either the Chief of Starfleet Operations abdicates the position, is replaced by the Commander In Chief with someone
else upon the presentation of just cause, or is removed by Starfleet Command by the same standard.

2. The Chief of Starfleet Operations will be responsible for coordinating interfleet military activities, planning offensive
and defensive strategies, and the deployment of Starfleet military resources. He shall authorize the use of military force
if deemed necessary by himself, the Commander In Chief, or Starfleet Command. However, if the Chief of Starfleet Opera-
tions makes the decision to use military force over the objections of Starfleet Command and/or the Commander In Chief,
he will accept the responsibility and the possible repercussions. The Chief of Starfleet Operations will serve as the Execu-
tive Commander of the fleets, serving as an intermediary and subordinate to the Commander In Chief. He shall have the
right to choose his own staff. The Chief of Starfleet Operations reserves the right to review and promote any officer un-
der his command at the end of each promotion period, up to a maximum of his own rank. He shall have the authority to
discipline any officer under his direct command for a non-criminal breach of protocol.

Section 4A: Commanding Officer of a Subfleet

1. There will be a commanding officer for each subfleet, appointed by the Chief of Starfleet Operations. This position will be
held until either the commanding officer abdicates the position, is replaced by the Commander In Chief or Chief of Star-
fleet Operations with someone else upon the presentation of just cause, or is removed by Starfleet Command by the same
standard.

2. The Commanding Officer will be responsible for coordinating interdivision activities (if any), planning offensive and de-
fensive strategies, and the deployment of that subfleet's military resources. He shall authorize the use of military force if
deemed necessary by the Chief of Starfleet Operations, the Commander In Chief, or Starfleet Command. The Commanding
Officer will serve as the Executive Commander of the subfleet, serving as the Director of Starfleet Operations for his pa-
trol district. He shall have the right to choose his own staff. The Commanding Officer reserves the right to review and
promote any officer under his command at the end of each promotion period, up to one rank below his own. He shall have
the authority to discipline any officer under his direct command for a non-criminal breach of protocol. He shall serve as a
civilian governor to all worlds within his patrol district if there is none already in place.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 43

Section 5: Department Chiefs:
1. There will be a head of every Starfleet department appointed by the Commander In Chief of Starfleet. These positions
will be held until either the department chief abdicates the position, is replaced by the Commander In Chief with someone
else upon the presentation of just cause, or is removed by Starfleet Command by the same standard.

2. The department chief will be responsible for the operations in his respective department of Starfleet. He shall have the
right to choose his own staff. The head of each department reserves the right to review and promote any officer under
his command at the end of each promotion period, up to one rank below his own. He shall have the authority to discipline
any officer under his direct command for a non-criminal breach of protocol.

Article IV: General Procedure

Section 1:
The rank system of Starfleet shall be as follows (in increasing order):

Enlisted Grades
Crewman Recruit
Crewman Apprentice
Crewman
Petty Officer Third class
Petty Officer Second class
Petty Officer First class
Chief Petty Officer
Senior Chief Petty Officer
Master Chief Petty Officer
Command Master Chief Petty Officer
Master Chief Petty Officer of Starfleet
Warrant Officer Ranks
Warrant Officer
Chief Warrant Officer
Senior Warrant Officer
Master Warrant Officer
Officer Ranks
Ensign
Lieutenant (Junior Grade)
Lieutenant
Lieutenant Commander
Commander
Captain
Fleet Captain
Flag Officer Ranks
Commodore
Rear Admiral

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 44

 Vice Admiral
Admiral
Fleet Admiral

Section 2: Chain of Command

Starfleet Command and Subfleet Commanding Officers

May give orders to any subordinate Starfleet officer regardless of department or subfleet, but may be asked to give just
cause if those orders are later found to be in question.
May not give orders to any department or subfleet's Commanding Officer unless that order deals directly with the depart-
ment under his own command, or if the order is to desist from performing an act that goes against Starfleet general or-
ders.

Starfleet Command and Fleet Executive Officer

May give orders to any subordinate Starfleet officer regardless of department or subfleet. This may include officers of
higher rank who do not serve on Starfleet Command.
May not give orders to any department or subfleet's Executive Officer unless that order deals directly with the depart-
ment under his own command or if the order is to desist from performing an act that goes against Starfleet general or-
ders.

Officers Outside of Starfleet Command

May give orders to any subordinate Starfleet officer regardless of department or subfleet.
May not give orders to any officer of the same rank or higher unless that order deals directly with the rules and regula-
tions of his own department and is given in order to carry out the purpose of that department or subfleet, or if the order
is to desist from performing an act that goes against Starfleet general orders.

Promotions Policy
Promotion Review Periods for officers between the ranks of Ensign and Lieutenant Commander will last for two months.
Promotion review periods of officers to be promoted to the ranks of Commander and above are limited to four months,
with completion of Starfleet Command School.
Temporary field promotions are permitted outside of the normal promotion review time, during a state of Starfleet Com-
mand-declared war only, unless so authorized by the subfleet or department commander, or the Commander In Chief.
Commanding Officers who wish to issue a field promotion may do so after submitting the promotion review paperwork
through the chain of command to the Inspector General. The field promotion will immediately take effect and be listed as
"brevet" until such time as the war is officially declared over. After hostilities have ceased, the Inspector General's Corps
will evaluate all field promotions for permanent change to have the "brevet" removed. With the exception of the tempo-
rary field promotions, all promotion reviews outside of the normal review cycle must be submitted to the Inspector Gen-
eral for approval.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 45

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 46
Starfleet General Orders
General Order 1 (“Prime Directive”)

As the right of each sentient species to live in accordance with its normal cultural evolution is considered sacred, no
Starfleet personnel, Federation citizen and/or representative may interfere with the normal and healthy development of
alien life and culture. Such interference includes introducing superior knowledge, strength, or technology to a world
whose society is incapable of handling such advantages wisely. Starfleet personnel may not violate this Prime Directive,
even to save their lives and/or their ship/installation, unless they are acting to right an earlier violation or an accidental
contamination of said culture. This directive takes precedence over any and all other considerations, and carries with it
the highest moral obligation.

General Order 2
No Starfleet personnel shall unnecessarily use force, either collectively or individually, against members of the United
Federation of Planets, their duly authorized representatives, spokespersons, or designated leaders, or members of any
sentient non-member race, for any reason whatsoever.

General Order 3
The sovereignty of each Federation member being respected in all things, Starfleet personnel shall observe any and all
statutes, laws, ordinances, and rules of governance currently in effect within the jurisdiction of a member planet. Viola-
tors of such ordinances will be subject to such punishments or corrections as shall be determined by local governmental
bodies.

General Order 4
If contact is made with hitherto-undiscovered intelligent life-forms, under no circumstance shall Starfleet personnel,
either by word or deed, inform said life-forms that worlds other than their own or intelligent life-forms other than their
own exist outside the confines of their own space, or answer questions by said life-forms pertaining to the existence of
other species outside said space.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 47

General Order 5
In cases of extreme emergency, Federation special representatives are authorized to assume emergency powers to deal
with a condition or circumstance that is deemed hazardous to the welfare of Federation citizenry. Within the scope of
these emergency powers, duly authorized civilian personnel may assume temporary command of Starfleet vessels, instal-
lations, and/or personnel to deal with the emergency. Starfleet personnel must submit to their authority for the duration
of the crisis.

General Order 6
The request for emergency assistance from Federation citizenry or non-aligned persons demands unconditional priority
from Starfleet personnel. Such personnel shall immediately respond to said request, postponing all other activities. This
responsibility extends to current governments at odds, actively or passively, with the Federation.

General Order 7
No Starfleet vessel shall visit the planet Talos IV under any circumstances, emergency or otherwise. This order super-
sedes General Order 6. Any transgression of this general order shall be punishable by death. (2254)

General Order 8
Upon sighting a warship within Federation space and identifying it as belonging to a foreign power, the commander of the
Starfleet vessel/installation shall determine the reason(s) for that craft's presence in the vicinity. If there is conclusive
evidence that the vessel has hostile intentions, the Federation vessel may take appropriate action to safeguard the lives
and property of Federation members or other non-aligned persons under current Federation protection. In such cases,
the commander may use discretion in deciding whether or not to use force to disable the hostile vessel. However, care
should be taken to avoid unnecessary loss of sentient life. (2254)

General Order 9
A commander of a Starfleet vessel or installation, military or auxiliary, may grant political asylum to any individual without
first being given express permission to do so by a representative of the Federation government. However, said decision
may and can be overturned by a superior officer or representative of the Federation government pending a review of
circumstances. (2258)

General Order 10
If there exists eyewitness testimony by senior officers or similar verifiable evidence that an individual, military or civilian,
has violated the Prime Directive, said individual may be relieved of duty by a duly sworn representative of the Federation
government and placed under immediate arrest. The governmental representative shall then take such action as he
deems necessary to minimize the results of the violation. (2256)

General Order 11
Starfleet officers with command-level rank or higher are granted full authority to negotiate conditions of agreement and/
or treaties with legal representatives of non-Federation planets. In such circumstances, the acting officer carries de fac-
to powers of a Federation Special Ambassador. Any and all agreements arranged in this manner are subject to approval

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 48

by the Chief of Starfleet Operations, the Secretary of Starfleet, and the Federation Council. (2260)

General Order 12
When approaching a vessel with which communication has not been established, all Starfleet vessels are to maintain max-
imum safety precautions, regardless of the origin of said vessel, be it a foreign power, an hitherto-unknown ship, or a
Starfleet vessel. (2260)

General Order 13
Except when orders state to the contrary or in accordance with General Order 6, Starfleet personnel will respect the
territorial integrity of independent planetary systems and governments within and without the confines of the Federa-
tion's borders, and will not violate territorial space belonging to such worlds. (2262)

General Order 14
Starfleet personnel may intervene in local planetary affairs to restore general order and to secure the lives and property
of Federation citizens only upon receiving a direct order to do so from a civilian official with the effective title of governor
or higher. (2262)

General Order 15
No officer of command or flag rank shall travel into a potentially hazardous area without suitable armed escort. (2269)

General Order 16
Starfleet personnel may extend technological, medical, or other scientific assistance to members of foreign powers or
previously unrecognized sentient species only if such assistance in no way compromises the Prime Directive or the secu-
rity of the Federation or Starfleet. (2269)

*NOTE: Starfleet Publications Division recognizes that, as of 2276, numerous other General Orders have been ratified. The editors acknowledge
this, but in light of the subject matter, we have omitted all text not essential to the historical research of said subject matter.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 49

The Earth-Romulan War: Treaty of Peace
(As originally written by Abraham Dannon, Senator and Ambassador, United Federation of Planets)

Preamble

The undersigned, the President of the Council of the United Federation of Planets and the Praetor of the Continuing Com-
mittee of the Romulan Star Empire, in the interest of ending the recent conflict, with its great toll of bloodshed on both
sides, and with the objective of establishing conditions that will encourage peaceful relations between the Human and
Romulan peoples, do individually, collectively, and mutually agree to accept and to be bound and governed by the condi-
tions and terms of armistice set forth in the following Articles and Paragraphs, which said conditions and terms are in-
tended to fully conclude the hostilities between the United Federation of Planets and the Romulan Star Empire.

Article I: Military Demarcation and the Neutral Zone

A Neutral Zone shall be established as a buffer zone to prevent the occurrence of incidents which might lead to a re-
sumption of hostilities. This Neutral Zone shall be defined by two boundaries one (1) light-year apart along the galactic
longitudinal plane, and further defined as indicated on the attached map, along with precise accompanying coordinates.
This Neutral Zone shall be plainly marked by the militaries of the opposing sides.
Neither side shall execute any hostile act within, from, against, or across the Neutral Zone. No vessels identifiable with
the governments of the opposing sides, whether military or civilian, may cross the demarcation lines which define the
Neutral Zone, nor may any unmanned probes, whether military or civilian, be deployed in the Zone.
Any breach of the Neutral Zone may be considered a hostile action and a breach of this Treaty. In such event, an imme-
diate state of war shall be declared to exist, except where such intrusion can be undeniably proven to be the accidental
result of conditions beyond the control of the vessel in question and did, in fact, occur without hostile intent.

Article II: Concrete Arrangements for the Armistice

The Military Commanders of the opposing sides shall order and enforce a complete cessation of all hostilities by all
armed forces under their control, including all units and personnel of any surface, orbital, and interstellar forces, effec-
tive twelve (12) hours after this Treaty is signed.

In order to ensure the stability of the military armistice, the Commanders of the opposing sides shall:

1. Within seventy-two (72) hours after this Treaty becomes effective, begin the withdrawal of all military forces, sup-
plies, and equipment from the Neutral Zone. All active minefields, automated monitoring stations, and other outposts
known to exist within the Neutral Zone after the beginning of the withdrawal of military forces therefrom shall be reported
by the Commander of the side whose forces emplaced such installations. Eventually, within thirty (30) days after the ter-
mination of the seventy-two (72)-hour period, all such installations shall be permanently removed from the Neutral Zone
as directed by and under the supervision of the appropriate Commander. At the termination of the seventy-two (72) -hour

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 50

period, except for unarmed vessels which are to effect the removal of the stations and outposts remaining within the Neu-
tral Zone, no vessels of either side shall be permitted to enter the Neutral Zone.
2. Within ninety (90) days after this Treaty becomes effective, withdraw all their military and civilian vessels, supplies,
and equipment from the Neutral Zone and any region of space to be occupied by the opposing side. If such military and
civilian vessels are not withdrawn within the stated time limit, and there is no mutually agreed and valid reason for the
delay, the other side shall have the right to take any action which it deems necessary for the maintenance of security and
order.
3. Cease the introduction into the adjacent sectors of reinforcing combat spacecraft, armored transports, weapons,
and ammunition; provided, however, that combat spacecraft, armored transports, weapons, and ammunition which are
destroyed, damaged, worn out, or used up during the period of the armistice may be replaced on the basis of piece for
piece of the same effectiveness and the same type.
4. Ensure that personnel of their respective commands who violate any of the provisions of this Treaty are adequately
punished.

This Treaty shall apply to all opposing surface, orbital, and interstellar forces under the military control of either side,
which shall respect the Neutral Zone and the area under the military control of the opposing side.

Responsibility for compliance with and enforcement of the terms and provisions of this Treaty is that of the signatories
hereto and their successors. The leaders of the opposing sides shall establish within their respective governments all
measures and procedures necessary to ensure complete compliance with all the provisions hereof.

Article III: Miscellaneous

Amendments and additions to this Treaty must be mutually agreed to by the leaders of both sides.
The Articles and Paragraphs of this Treaty shall remain in effect until expressly superseded either by mutually accepta-
ble amendments and additions or by provisions in another appropriate agreement.
All of the provisions of this Treaty shall become effective at 2200 hours on 1 February 2160.

Done by voice communication on subspace radio, at 1000 hours on the first day of February, 2160, in English and Romu-
lan, both texts being equally authentic.

I, Orris, having read the terms of this treaty verbatim over the agreed-upon subspace communication channel, and be-
ing identifiable by voiceprint of this transmission, do hereby certify that I am Praetor of the Romulan Star Empire, with full
powers to execute this treaty on behalf of the Empire.

I, Rissa Lyn, having read the terms of this treaty verbatim over the agreed-upon subspace communication channel, and
being identifiable by voiceprint of this transmission, do hereby certify that I am President of the United Federation of Plan-
ets, with full powers to execute this treaty on behalf of the Federation Council and the Federation Senate.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 51

Resolution 74 (2160)
Adopted by the Federation Council at its 52nd meeting, on 29 July 2160

The Federation Council, recalling its earlier resolutions 18 (2160) and 32 (2161) regarding the preservation of peace and
prosperity for all social systems,
Recalling in particular the high cost of the recent war between the United Federation of Planets and the Romulan Star
Empire,
Bearing in mind its primary responsibility under the Articles of Federation for the maintenance of interplanetary peace
and security, and underlining the importance of taking measures aimed at conflict prevention and resolution,
Reaffirming its commitment to the purposes of the Articles of Federation as set out in Article 1, and to the principles of
the Articles as set out in Article 2, including its commitment to the principles of the political independence, sovereign
equality, and territorial integrity of all states, and to respect for the sovereignty of all states,
Underlining the need for all parties concerned to comply with the rules and principles of interstellar law,
Declares accordingly that the United Federation of Planets hereby assumes the rights and obligations of the Treaty of
Peace between the United Federation of Planets and the Romulan Star Empire, including:

A. Deterring renewed hostilities, maintaining and where necessary enforcing the measures imposed by Article 1 of the
Treaty of Peace;
B. Providing security and maintaining law and order throughout the Qualor Sector;
C. Conducting border monitoring duties as required;

1. Reaffirms the existence of the Neutral Zone as established by Article 1 of the Treaty of Peace, and further reaffirms
the Council's commitment to maintain the integrity of the Zone from all intrusions;
2. Reiterates its support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Romulan Star Empire within its recognized
boundaries;
3. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of the
Federation Council consisting of all the members of the Council, to undertake the following tasks and to report on its work
to the Council along with its observations and recommendations:

A. to seek from all members further information regarding the action taken by them with a view to implementing
effectively the measures imposed by Article 1 of the Treaty of Peace, and thereafter to request from them whatever fur-
ther information it may consider necessary;
B. to consider information brought to its attention concerning violations of the measures imposed by Article 1 of the
Treaty of Peace, and to recommend appropriate measures in response thereto;
C. to make periodic reports to the Federation Council regarding alleged violations of the measures imposed by Article 1
of the Treaty of Peace, identifying where possible persons, vessels, or entities are reported to be engaged in such viola-
tions;

4. Reaffirms its relevant resolutions on the Romulan Star Empire, and in particular resolution 18 (2160);

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 52

 5. Reaffirms the importance of holding, at the appropriate time, an interstellar conference on peace, security and sta-
bility in the Qualor Sector between the governments of the United Federation of Planets and the Romulan Star Empire,
with the participation of all the governments of the region and all others concerned;
6. Decides to remain seized of the matter.

Map of Federation and Romulan space showing the locations of all major battles during the Romulan War. Federation and Romulan
encounters have been superimposed over the current established borders between the two governments (as of 2276). At the onset of
the war, neither side had a definitive border they could claim, although a great number of Federation political historians would disa-
gree on that point.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 53

 PEACE TREATY OF AXANAR
BETWEEN THE KLINGON EMPIRE
AND
THE UNITED FEDERATION OF PLANETS

The terms and conditions having been negotiated and mutually agreed to be understood, the Klingon Empire and the
United Federation of Planets mutually pledge to each other their solemn word to immediately cease hostilities be-
tween the two parties, effective as of this stardate, 4306.13. All prisoners of war, held by either party or their allies,
will immediately be returned to their host government.

Between the adjacent territorial boundaries of the two parties there is established a Neutral Zone, 750 parsecs in
width in the galactic longitudinal plane, and extending to the outer boundary of the galaxy in the vertical plane.

All persons and facilities of any manner whatsoever identifiable with either party shall immediately be removed from
this zone. Effective this stardate, 4306.20, no persons or facilities of any manner whatsoever identifiable with either
party shall thereafter intrude into this zone. The Klingon Empire and the United Federation of Planets mutually pledge
to faithfully maintain the neutrality of this zone thereafter.

Any intrusion by any person or facility whatsoever identifiable with either party directly into this Neutral Zone shall
be considered to be a hostile action and breach of this treaty. In such an event, an immediate state of war shall be
declared to exist between the Klingon Empire and the United Federation of Planets, except only where stipulations V
through IX apply.

Such intrusions by persons or facilities whatsoever identifiable with either party can be undeniably demonstrated to
be the accidental result of conditions beyond the control of that person or that facility and did, in fact, occur without
hostile intent.

To this end, and for purposes of mutual maintenance of this treaty of peace and this Neutral Zone, the Klingon Empire
and the United Federation of Planets do agree to keep open and maintain surveillance of subspace communications
channel L.

Further, it is understood by both the Klingon Empire and the United Federation of Planets that both parties have well-
established trade agreements with mutual, neutral worlds. In some cases, these worlds are one and the same. It is
agreed that in the interests of both the Klingon Empire and the United Federation of Planets that these agreements
will remain in place, insofar as they do not conflict with stipulation V.

In such instances that they do not conflict with stipulation V, and when persons or facilities whatsoever identifiable
with either party come into contact with one another, full courtesies will be afforded to each party when acceptable
distances between the two cannot be reached.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 54

In such instances that they do conflict with stipulation V, arrangements will be made at the diplomatic level, in ac-
cordance with policies set forth by both the Klingon High Council and the Federation Assembly.

I, Fleet Admiral K’hober, supreme commander of the combined Klingon forces, acting with the full authority of the
Klingon High Council, do hereby affirm that I have the full authority to execute the statutes of this treaty for the
Klingon Empire.

I, Ambassador Jennifer Elise Norpin, having read the terms of this treaty, do hereby declare that I ratify this settle-
ment with the full authority to execute the statutes of this treaty for the United Federation of Planets.

K’hober Jennifer E. Norpin

Fleet Admiral K'hober Jennifer Elise Norpin, Ambassador
Klingon Empire United Federation of Planets

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 55

 Technology
(2140—2260)

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 56

Developing the Matter/
(M/AM) systems. Probably the most serious disadvantage,
in tactical terms, was their relatively low efficiency. To
form and maintain a warp field, fusion reactors consumed
Antimatter Drive deuterium at extremely high rates, which placed two limi-
tations on a ship’s capabilities. First, a large percentage
LIMITATIONS OF FUSION-POWERED WARP SHIPS (70% or more) of the ship’s mass was fuel, which limited
In 2156, the United Earth (UE) and her allies, Tellar and nonfuel payload such as weapons, sensors, and shuttle-
Andor, went to war with the Romulan Star Empire. Although craft. Second, the high rate of consumption severely lim-
tensions had been building for several years and support ited range. The first limitation of payload could be partly
for a war was widespread on Earth and her colonies, addressed by scaling up the ship. Since a fixed percentage
Earth’s armed forces were poorly prepared when hostili- of a ship’s mass must be fuel and its associated drive sys-
ties actually broke out. At that time, the ships of the United tem to operate at a given warp speed for a given duration,
Earth Space Probe Agency (UESPA) were mostly poorly the nonfuel payload could be increased by increasing the
armed survey vessels, converted merchantmen of various total size of the ship. The second limitation of range was
sizes and configurations, and small attack craft that were addressed by frequently refueling at starbases, convoying
incapable of independent interstellar operations. Although the ship with tankers, or rendezvousing with tankers en
converted interstellar cargo ships (such as those of the route. Another disadvantage of fusion reactors was their
400,000-tonne Pioneer class) could carry, by virtue of low peak power output, which limited the maximum speed
their great size, substantial firepower, they had never been that could be achieved to about warp 2.5, or 15.6 c.
intended for offensive operations. The most capable ships Because of these limitations of range, speed, and pay-
of the UESPA were probably those of the fusion-powered load, fusion-powered ships were unsuited for offensive
Torsk class; however, they too were of limited range and interstellar operations. For an attack to succeed, it had to
only four ships had entered service by 2152. be made either when and where the enemy was least pre-
At the start of the war, all belligerent powers used warp- pared or with an overwhelming superiority of force. How-
capable ships powered by fusion reactors. Although rarely ever, the limitations of range meant that attacks across
used for this purpose today, fusion reactors were the sole more than 10 light-years (ly) of interstellar space could not
means of power for the first century of warp flight on be accomplished without repeated refueling, which re-
Earth. Fusion-powered warp reactors had decided disad- quired that ships drop out of warp and risk detection and
vantages when compared with modern matter/antimatter interception. If possible attack corridors shorter than 10 ly

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 57

were continuously well defended, all attacks could probably THE FIRST MATTER/ANTIMATTER REACTORS
be discouraged or repelled. Furthermore, the maximum Although antimatter had become a popular plot device in
speed of warp 2.5 meant that a journey of 10 ly would take fictional works of the 20th century and had been produced
at least 234 days, during which time detection and inter- in minute quantities by the turn of the 21st century, practi-
ception became increasingly likely. If a ship were to carry cal M/AM reactors were long considered no more than a
enough armaments for a powerful attack on enemy ships dream. However, in 2139, researchers at the Vulcan Acade-
or ground targets, the fixed percentage of available pay- my of Sciences and the UE Institute for High-Energy Phys-
load meant that the ship would probably be extremely large ics at Tsukuba, Japan, jointly developed the Richardson-
and poorly maneuverable at both warp and impulse speeds. Tachikawa process for the mass production of antimatter.
Fighter carriers, of course, were impractical within these With this process, researchers could finally obtain anti-
payload limitations. matter in sufficient quantities to begin construction of two
prototype M/AM reactors—Colossus on Mars, and Titanus
on Luna—which both came online within two weeks of one
another in 2147. Titanus, a much smaller design, was
deemed a partial failure when, on the afternoon of July 16,
2148, the entire assembly (and nearly half the research
facility) vanished during a full-power test. Though the acci-
dent was quickly blanketed with a veil of secrecy, the two-
kilometer crater left in the wake of the disappearance was
visible from Earth for nearly three years until the investi-
gation was complete and it was decided to “bury” the re-
mains of the outpost.
USS Torsk, namesake of the light cruiser class, above Although Colossus was successful, it weighed an esti-
the planet Delta VII, 2152.
mated 250,000 tons and sprawled over some five hectares
of Martian desert. Obviously, considerable refinement was
When Earth forces were finally given the opportunity to necessary before a M/AM reactor could power a ship’s
go on the offensive after a Romulan invasion fleet was de- warp drive. However, by 2152 a reactor (SSWR-IA) had
stroyed at the Battle of Hell’s Gate, the strategies available been constructed with a weight of 30,000 tons and a vol-
were severely limited by the poor quality of UE warships. ume of 4,000 cubic meters, just small and light enough to
Despite broad popular support for attacks against Romulan be mounted in a starship. On September 4, 2154, the M/AM
planets, the UE and her allies simply did not have ships of technology demonstrator UESPA Little Nell was towed from
sufficient capability and in sufficient number to successful- Utopia Planitia UESPA Yards to the Jupiter flight range,
ly undertake offensive operations. Instead, ship-to-ship where it made Earth’s first M/AM-powered warp flight.
combat most often took the form of long-range missile With the start of the war in February 2156, the UE War
duels. Opposing ships would cautiously venture out from Council decided to make production of M/AM-powered
their bases until long-range sensor contact was made. The warships a priority. As a result, fifty trillion new solar dol-
ships would then usually close within extreme missile lars per year were dedicated to M/AM reactor develop-
range, fire a volley of missiles, then attempt to evade their ment. This investment equaled, as a percentage of gross
opponent’s missiles. As a result, many engagements ended domestic product, that of the old United States of America
without significant damage to either ship. For the UE to for development of the first fission munitions in the mid-
undertake offensive operations, a power source enabling 20th century. The flight test program was proceeding
more-dynamic warp flight was obviously needed. smoothly when on her tenth flight on April 23, 2156, Little
Nell was destroyed by a catastrophic warp core explosion,

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 58

Daedalus-class PA-4 warp nacelle. This was the most efficient configuration designed during the Romulan War, and would
see continued service with little upgrades for a further twenty years.

likely due to spalling or delamination of the inner surface of refueled ranges too small to successfully attack across
the M/AM reaction chamber. However, within six months a distances of more than a few light-years. In fact, the
second prototype, Little Nell II, was launched. Ironically, the Romulan invasion fleet had been discovered when two
destruction of Little Nell may have actually accelerated UESPA M/AM-powered cruisers followed Romulan tankers
development, as the new SSWR-IIA reactor installed in attempting to rendezvous for refueling. These limitations
Little Nell II incorporated numerous improvements ahead were recognized by the UESPA admiralty, who tried to ex-
of the original development schedule as well as being light- plain to an increasingly outraged public that destruction of
er (25,000 tons) and smaller (2,800 cubic meters). After the Romulan homeworld was not a war aim of the budding
an accelerated testing program, the improved SSWR-IIA United Federation of Planets. The admiralty had long be-
reactor was formally certified by the UESPA Propulsion lieved that the mission of the UESPA was to defend allied
Board for installation in naval vessels in March 2157. The space, and had prepared its fleets accordingly. Unless the
first ships to use the new reactor were Krechet–class Romulans were to
cruisers. somehow obtain
more powerful
THE ADMIRALTY IS UNWILLING TO INTRODUCE warp drives (an
extremely unlikely
M/AM-POWERED SHIPS AND UNDERTAKE possibility, given
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS their frustrated
In the aftermath of a failed Romulan invasion of October attempts to har-
2157, a call went up throughout UE space for immediate ness quantum sin-
retribution. Citizens of Earth and her colonies now believed gularities rather
that merely defending UE space against the Romulans was than antimatter),
no longer sufficient; instead, they felt that Romulan worlds the UESPA’s exist-
must be directly attacked. However, in 2157 the UESPA (the ing fusion-powered ships supplemented by M/AM-powered
UESPA acronym was still considered interchangeable with ships in limited roles were likely sufficient for defensive
“Starfleet” until the 2260s) was not yet able to mount of- actions. However, if Starfleet was now ordered to go on the
fensive operations. As the outcome of the Romulans’ at- offensive, the necessary changes in equipment, tactics,
tempted invasion so clearly showed, fusion-powered ships training, and crew deployment would be extremely costly,
were simply too large, too slow, and had payloads and un- yet were not guaranteed to achieve the desired effects.
The admiralty had three main concerns about the possi-
ble fleetwide use of M/AM reactors. First, the admiralty did
not have complete faith in the new reactors’ safety and
reliability. According to a classified reported prepared by
the Weyland-Yutani Corporation in 2155, the UESPA should
be prepared to accept the loss of approximately 1 of 15
ships each year through catastrophic reactor containment
failure. Though the actual rate of ship loss was far less
Ajax-class bridge, circa 2150 (typical configuration).
than feared, the fact that an entirely new reactor system

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 59

using the most unstable possible fuel had gone from theo- ered unlikely to launch an offensive after the huge losses
ry to large-scale production in only ten years, part of that of ships and crews suffered in their failed invasion. How-
under wartime conditions, warranted extreme caution. In ever, despite this assumption, the production capacity of
addition, endurance tests suggested that under normal the Romulan Star Empire and the size of their fleet could
operating conditions, the M/AM reactor would have a life- not be determined with any degree of certainty. In fact,
time of only three to four years. However, before that very little was known about the Romulans themselves:
time, the warp nacelles would also likely need to be refur- after the Battle of Hell’s Gate, the Starfleet Bureau of
bished or replaced because of accelerated degradation of Technology Assessment sifted through what little re-
the warp coils’ crystalline structure, owing to the higher mained of the Romulan fleet and concluded that the Romu-

Lincoln-class main engineering and associated control space. Image courtesy of Utopia Planitia, Mars, Sol.

power output levels possible with M/AM reactors. lans were “likely humanoid.” Although the possibility that
A second concern of the admiralty was that the start of the Romulans would soon attempt another invasion was
full-scale production of M/AM-powered starships would usually discounted, should they do so while the UESPA was
likely cause at least a temporary decrease in the total in a weakened state due to the transition from fusion pow-
number of starships in service. One reason for this de- er to M/AM power, the war might be lost.
crease was that some existing fusion-powered hulls were A third concern of the admiralty about the fleetwide use
to be withdrawn from service and converted to M/AM of M/AM reactors was the availability of antimatter. As the
power. A second reason was that shipyard facilities, mate- only use for antimatter in 2157 was as a fuel for UESPA
rial, and manpower would necessarily be diverted to hull starship reactors, it was produced at high cost at a small
conversion and the production of new hulls and reactors. number of facilities, all on Earth. In contrast, deuterium,
Furthermore, projected losses of fusion-powered ships although consumed in large quantities by fusion reactors
(based on current loss rates) would likely exceed produc- to achieve warp speed, had been the chief starship fuel
tion of new M/AM-powered ships for at least several for more than 100 years and could easily be obtained any-
years. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, was an an- where. If antimatter was to power a fleet of starships
ticipated shortage of engineers able to operate and main- operating across the galaxy, a system for its manufac-
tain M/AM reactors. ture, storage, and transport far from Earth would eventu-
Such a decrease in fleet readiness levels might not be ally need to be established. However, since all ships were
immediately dangerous, since the Romulans were consid- fully fueled at the time of their launching, the need to refu-

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 60

el, although inevitable, was not anticipated for one to two ing the Romulans, they were tried and executed for sedi-
years. Similar concerns surrounded the availability of tion under emergency wartime laws. The war would drag
dilithium, a newly strategic mineral not found in the Sol or on for a further three years with the outcome never in
Alpha Centauri systems. doubt.
Such was the importance of M/AM reactors to the war
M/AM-POWERED SHIPS INTRODUCED effort that the UESPA went to great lengths to prevent the
Despite these concerns, UESPA engineers continued technology from falling into Romulan hands: unknown to all
their work into applications of M/AM power. The first ships but the most senior UE officers, most M/AM-reactor-
to enter service were those of the Krechet class in May powered ships carried self-destruct charges, the first ever
2157. Reactors subsequently became smaller, allowing a on UE ships. Even after the war, the UE tried to prevent
greater variety of ship types to exploit the new power other powers, including Vulcan and wartime allies Tellar
source. The significantly better performance of even these and Andor, from obtaining M/AM reactors. This policy natu-
early M/AM-powered vessels over conventional fusion- rally led to strains within the alliance, and nearly scuttled
powered vessels convinced the admiralty of the worth of the foundation of the United Federation of Planets. Howev-
the new reactors. The final years of the war saw the intro-
duction of Lincoln-class heavy cruisers and the first
“modern” starships, the Hercules class.

ADVANTAGES OF M/AM-POWERED SHIPS

The advantage that M/AM ships gave the newly estab-
lished United Federation of Planets (UFP) cannot be over-
stated. With the higher speeds and greater ranges possi-
ble, the UESPA could choose when and where to engage the
Romulan fleet and could attack too many targets for the
Romulans to adequately protect. The sudden appearance of
so many M/AM-powered ships of numerous classes and
the rapid destruction of their invasion fleet at the Battle of
San Francisco class, on patrol near the Gamma Hydra star
Hell’s Gate likely came as a profound shock to the Romu- system.
lans. According to a Romulan commander who defected to
the Federation in 2268, several members of the Romulan er, by 2165 M/AM reactors had been installed in nearly all
Imperial Fleet’s High Command came to believe that the Starfleet vessels and in many Federation merchant vessels
war could not be won. They recognized that the starship as well. Eventually, most spacefaring powers managed to
technology and industrial capacity of the Federation far obtain the technology, through purchase, licensing agree-
surpassed their own. Even if the Romulan Star Empire ment, or, in many instances, through extralegal routes
could somehow resist the expected attacks from the Fed- courtesy of the Ferengi. Such was the rapid dispersion of
eration and transform the conflict into a war of attrition, this technology that when Starfleet first encountered the
the superior industrial capacity and greater population of Klingons in 2220, they were only slightly surprised when
the UFP would mean certain, eventual victory. These offic- analysis showed that the Klingon vessels were powered by
ers approached the praetor to suggest that peace feelers M/AM reactors remarkably similar to the standard Federa-
be sent through Vulcan intermediaries. Although they had tion design.
clearly and correctly assessed the dire situation confront-

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 61

 Although most other powers had obtained M/AM reactor class Ill, however, severely limiting the size of vessel that
technology by the turn of the 23rd century, the Romulans the UFP could field.
were not to do so until their short-lived alliance with the The FIA was produced in three configurations, Marks I
Klingons after the Four Years War. The main reason for through III; now known as the FIA-1, FIA-2, and FIA-3, these
this delay was that the Romulans had long believed that produced varying amounts of power usable for ships of
quantum singularities would ultimately prove a more pow- different classes. This versatility set the standard for all
erful energy source for warp drives and devoted most of impulse engines that followed, though some were found to
their research to this goal. Indeed, even after trading have the same maneuver efficiency characteristics and
cloaking devices for M/AM reactors, the Romulans contin- thus were little used.
ued their work on quantum singularity-based drives. Pre-
cisely when such drives became operational is unknown. FIB
In 2147. Smith produced the FIB to meet the demands for
IMPULSE ENGINES an engine to be used on larger vessels. The FIB was per-
Impulse engines are reaction thrusters used to drive a haps the biggest failure among impulse engines. Of modest
ship at near-light speed for in-system maneuvering. The power, it was hoped that it could be used as widely as the
excess power can be diverted as the power from the warp FIA series. but this was not to be. The first time the engine
drives is. was tested, it created a disturbance in the vessel that lit-
Many attempts have been made to use tandem impulse erally shook the vessel apart. Fortunately, a quick-eyed
drives on vessels. For some unknown reason. whenever the engineer spotted the problem immediately and shut the
tandem engines are activated, the warp drives refuse to engine down. This was just the beginning.
work. It seems likely that the use of two impulse drives at The FIB-2, the worst of the three models, was found to be
the same time in such a small area creates a magnetic completely unstable except in one configuration: on the
disturbance that causes an imbalance in the matter/ Ajax-class destroyer. It has been removed from service in
antimatter reaction. all other uses, where its reliability is so low (zero) that its
maintenance costs are prohibitive. The FIB can be replaced
with the FlD in most uses, delivering more total power for
the same movement efficiency.

FIC
Because of the failure of the FIB, the demand for engines
to handle larger vessels still remained. Nine years after
the introduction of the FIB, a new company, Kloratis Drives,
began to market the FIC impulse engine. which could handle
Lincoln-class impulse deck. Model shown is an FIB, MK III. class XI ships, a new record. All three configurations of
this model were successful. No other substantial leaps in
impulse technology came for nearly a hundred years.
FlA
In 2145, Street & Smith Reactor Works Ltd. put into pro- FID
duction the first mass-produced impulse engine. Although Engine development continued at a moderate pace. The
many different types of reaction drives were used previ- FlD, built by the still-proliferate Street & Smith, was in de-
ously, the FIA was the first engine to be used in quantity on velopment during the Four Years War, but did not see pro-
UFP military vessels. It was useful only on vessels up to duction until the war had ended. The FlD, capable of han-

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 62

dling up to class XV vessels, was the first impulse engine to Not only did the design allow the weapon to be fired at a
be extensively licensed for production around the UFP. It ship speed greater than one-tenth light speed, but the
marked a plateau in impulse engine design that continued weapon also had an effective range of four times any pre-
for twelve years after its introduction. vious laser system. The system worked well under normal
circumstances, but for some unknown reason it lost power

Weapons Systems
at the most inopportune times. Just one year later, Wil-
liams released the Mark II improved system. Though it
massed 110 tons more and had no more power, its range
"The only thing different from our beginnings are the was increased 20,000 kilometers. The power loss problem
ways and means we use to attack each other." of the Mark I, caused by a faulty chip in the programming
system, was corrected at the same time, and later Mark Is
This quote can be found on the first page of the tactics were built with the problem corrected. The Williams Mark I
manual used by the Starfleet Academy. The author and the has been given the designation Fl-1, and the Mark II is now
date it was written are unknown. Since the beginnings of known as the Fl-2.
history. there has been warfare. so it could have been
written at almost any time. The first weapon was probably FL-3, FL-4 (2158)
a stick or a stone, and the javelin and archaic pistol were Scientists were stymied with the problem of range for
their successors. The particle beam weapons and the laser another twenty-two years, when Johanson Energy Co-op
weapons of the late twentieth century were the precursors produced their first production model with a range of
of the laser weapons used sixty years ago, which, in turn, 100,000 km. In this model, now known as the Fl-3, the beam
are the precursors of today’s phaser weapons. The naval was tightened and held tight by use of a frequency modula-
torpedo of the 20th century marks the beginnings of to- tor that “reminded” the beam to stay tight. Use of the mod-
day's photon torpedo. ulator also provided a pleasant surprise in that roughly
50% more firepower was gained at no increase in the
LASER WEAPONS power fed into the system. Johanson used a different com-
Laser weapons utilize lasers, a directed light technology puter system, the l-13, to control a power increase on their
that compressed photon particles into a beam that could Mark I by 50%, thus making their Mark II. This meant more
have heat and blast effects. While many spacefaring spe- firepower was available in the Mark II, now known as the Fl-
cies used lasers in other means, such as in data networks 4, to be used. The modulator provided the same bonus that
or communications, few used them as weapons by the late it had provided in the FL-3.
23rd century, since a variety of exotic subatomic particles
could be used to create a more powerful beam that dupli- FL-5, FL-6 (2215)
cated lasers in use, but increased the weapon's effective- OmniCorp Weapons used the l-25 computer system for
ness. fire control on the weapon that is now known as the Fl-5,
though it took five years of testing before the two systems
FL-1, FL-2 (2135) were made compatible. This increased efficiency and fire-
The Williams' Mark I was the first laser that was capable power slightly over earlier models. Less than a year later,
of firing at any speed other than a slow crawl, and it was OCW released an improvement, now known as the Fl-6.
the first laser weapon to be accepted Federation-wide. Although no bonus was gained over the previous model, its
Developed by Williams Weapons of Omicron Theta II, the new power modulator improved the firepower slightly.
demand for this weapon was significant enough to turn the These were the last lasers developed before phased wea-
three owners of the company into millionaires overnight. ponry was fully realized.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 63

 Starfleet.
ACCELERATOR CANNON
The accelerator cannon system allowed missiles to be FUSION MISSILES (2130-2200)
Fusion missiles, as their name implies, are chemical- or
ion-propelled weapons with a thermonuclear warhead.
After the Eugenics War, nearly all nuclear devices that
were not expelled were destroyed or dismantled. As the
United Earth Space Probe Agency took shape many years
later, a suitable weapon was required that could be used at
Accelerator cannon launcher of the Ajax-class destroyer.
long range without adding excessive mass to the hull. While
This layout is typical for all Starfleet vessels of the era. the accelerator cannon was still being developed, it was
decided (much to the later chagrin of the Vulcans) to re-
fired at the tremendous speeds required for space war-
fare. Most missiles used with the system were equipped
with nuclear warheads having the destructive power of
late-20th century warheads, which usually was enough to
penetrate the hull and shields of any vessel in service at
that time. Loraxial Ltd. was the sole designer of the accel-
erator cannon. Many smaller companies were licensed to
manufacture the systems, but Loraxial held all copyrights.
Fusion missile launcher assembly of the Lincoln class. Simi-
FAC-l (2145) lar to subsurface vessels of the late 21st century (Earth), the
The first accelerator cannon system, now known as the launch tubes were oriented vertically.

FAC-l, was operational in 2145. At the time, weapons ex-

perts felt that advances in accelerator cannon technology visit fusion devices. The devices were housed and fired
would keep abreast of those in laser technology, but it much the same as their 21st-century counterparts, even
would be twenty-two years before any significant advance incorporating much of the same technology. Only one type
would become reality when the L-14 computer was mated of fusion missile was employed by the UESPA before they
successfully to an accelerator cannon system; although were incorporated into Starfleet, and Romulan models
the computer had been available for a number of years, captured during the war were surprisingly similar, leading
the advances in interconnecting hardware were nonexist- many in Starfleet Intelligence to believe the Federation
ent until 2183. design had somehow been stolen.
In space, a fusion missile did not have the destructive
FAC-2, FAC-3 (2200) capability it expelled in atmospheric conditions, but it did
Seventeen years later, Loraxial announced production of have the ability to inflict massive amounts of damage at a
the system that has become known as the FAC-2. Range relatively small cost. After the Romulan War, with the help
and power both were increased by approximately 30%. of the Andorians, a new projectile was developed. This new
Ten years after that, Loraxial was able to improve the sys- weapon would eventually become the photonic torpedo,
tem using the first M-Series computers. Although range itself replaced by the photon torpedo not long afterward.
was not increased, use of the M-1 did allow a refined FAC-2
to use a bigger warhead. This new model, now called the PHASER WEAPONS
FAC-3, was the last accelerator cannon to see service with Before most ship-system research came to a standstill

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 64

during the Four Years War, scientists involved in laser re- Many of the initial phasers exploded when used on the dis-
search had been on the verge of a new discovery. War- rupt setting, but it took a while to evaluate data and realize
ren Shillinge of HiBeam Energies Ltd., in experimenting with that ships were blowing up from using their own weapons.
beams of all types of energy, had discovered a way to The problem was traced to sabotage in the programming of
"phase energy pulses," as they called the technique. The the L-15 computer used for fire control.
name “phaser” naturally was applied to the process, which The Mark I, now designated the FH-1 phaser system, was
was vigorously explored at HiBeam Energies, and by the the smallest shipboard phaser to ever be built. It is also
outbreak of the war, success was felt to be so close that one of the few phasers that civilians can still purchase and
research continued unhindered. use legally. The technology was miniaturized and refined by
Tests of the new weapon were conducted at several re- Dr. James Wilson, Sr., at Wilson Energies Ltd., and the first
search facilities after the original scientists had been di- production model of the hand phaser weapon was made in
vided into four groups. The purpose of this was threefold. 2198. HiBeam introduced the Mark II, now known as the
First, many times when several groups were working on FH·2, less than two years after the Mark I went into produc-
the same project, fresh approaches could be taken be- tion. Range and power were increased slightly, and the
cause different viewpoints were being used. Second, se- modulator used on the old lasers was found to increase
crecy could be handled more easily by breaking the large damage potential on phasers as well.
group into more easily watched, smaller groups at isolated
facilities. Third and most important was concerned with the FH-3 (2252- )
weapon itself: if one research facility were to be destroyed, Ten years further saw the introduction of a new phaser
the others could carry on. using the prototype M-1 computer. With ranges and hitting
As it turned out, the breakup of the original design team power virtually double those of the Mark II, this much-
was beneficial, for the groups did branch off in different larger weapon is credited with winning the Four Years War.
directions, ending with different uses for the same weapon. Many of these weapons were used in action only weeks
All were able to be put into effect in an individual weapon after rolling off the assembly line, which lay only six days
with the proper control system. Early test models of phas- travel from the war zone. This weapon, now designated the
er weapons had heated up the molecules of the target, FH-3, was produced by Tyrell Technologies, a short-lived
causing it to burn, but later developments showed that the spin-off of HiBeam Energies, now absorbed by that corpo-
phasers were capable not only of a heat setting, but also a ration. It, as with all the phasers produced during the war,
disintegrate, disrupt, and a stun setting. On disintegrate, is still available.
the phaser broke down the molecular cohesiveness of the
target, causing it to fall apart completely. On disrupt, they FH-4, FH-5 (2255- )
shattered the target by ultrasonic vibrations set into the Basically an upgrade of the same technology as the Mark
beam. On stun, a mild setting, they overloaded the nervous I and Mark II, the J. Watson Energy Consortium’s Mark III
system of living things, causing them to fall unconscious. model used the M-2 as the fire control computer. Easier to
Security proved to be no problem, and fortunately none maintain than the Mark I or II, the Mark III gained a reputa-
of the facilities was completely destroyed, though a projecttion for reliability. Because its date of introduction followed
head was killed when one test unit exploded. that of the FH-3, it is now known as the FH-4. The Mark IV,
now called the FH-5, was still a larger version, giving it
FH-l, FH-2 (2240- ) extra range and damage capability. It was the last phaser
Developed in 2194, the Mark I ship-mounted phaser went to be put in production during the Four Years War.
into full production two weeks after its successful trials,
using assembly lines built before the weapon had even PHOTON SYSTEMS
been fully tested. As one might have expected, such hurried All missile weapons have the same basic principle: an
production allowed quite a few problems to be overlooked.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 65

ejector sends a warhead in a fairly direct line to a target.
There have been many types of missile systems throughout
history, from the bow and arrow to the sling and rock,
through the crude pistols and rifles of the 18th through
21st centuries, to today's photon torpedoes. Photon sys-
tems can trace their lineage directly back to the torpedoes
fired from underwater ships of many cultures, through the
warheads fired by the accelerator cannons that the pho-
tons replaced.
The accelerator cannons of 2145 to roughly 2200 used
an accelerator system to propel a warhead to a target.
Large, direct line-of-sight weapons, they were immense
machines, massing up to 840MT. They were impossible to
mount on very small craft and range was limited to roughly
Mark V photon torpedo used in modern FP-3 systems.
100,000 kilometers. What was needed was a small device
that could fire a small projectile to a target over 100,000
km away. FP-1, FP-2, FP-3 (2251-)
Toward the end of the Four Years War, Priscilla Feddric The FP-l system, Loraxial's first operational photon tor-
of Loraxial Ltd. had been studying the effects of magnetic pedo system, was small. Displacing 200MT, it had an effec-
fields on antimatter as part of an attempt to develop a tive range of 120,000 km, and enormous destructive pow-
smaller, more accurate accelerator cannon. Remembering er, but its targeting system was not as well developed as
earlier work at Shuvinaaljis Warp Technologies on a con- the phaser technology of the time.
tainment system for matter/antimatter mixes, she theo- Two years later, attempting to create a range of weap-
rized that these magnetic fields could be made small ons, Loraxial announced the FP-2, a more compact system
enough to contain a tiny bit of antimatter. If the container that could be used on smaller ships. It used the less-
could then be delivered to a target and exploded, she pro- sophisticated M-l computer, but its range and destructive
posed, the antimatter could annihilate whatever it hit. capabilities were not as great as the FP-1. The FP-3, using
Unable to convince anyone at Loraxial to seriously study the L-14 computer, followed, with a greatly reduced range
her idea, she worked with Collier Shane in their spare time while retaining the punch of the FP-2, but was several
and finally succeeded in capturing a bit of antimatter in a months late to see use during the Four Years War. The
small magnetic field, which they encased in Tri-duralloy. FP-3 system is now the standard photon system used on
With an antique mortar, they launched their projectile and Starfleet vessels.
captured the attention of Loraxial upper management when
they destroyed half the parking lot at Loraxial Center XII
through a slight miscalculation in trajectories. From these
earthshaking beginnings, the prototype photon missile
evolved rather quickly. The launch tube concept was bor-
rowed from submersible craft technology, and the M-2
computer was used to handle programming for the mag-
netic field generators. The system was operational in six
months. It did not require much power to use, and it
packed a tremendous wallop, superior to most phaser hits.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 66

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual
67
Daedalus-class schematic, under review in 2157 by the Proxima Shipyards prior to its eventual refit to the Lincoln-class specifications.
The Romulan War
2156-2160

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 68

 cultures. When the UESPA Bonaventure discovered anoth-
THE UNITED FEDERATION er intelligent, humanoid race on Axanar, it provided fur-
ther evidence supporting the theory.
OF PLANETS Ironically, while Hodgkins' theory was being transmitted
back to Terra, the Xenobiological Probability Study was
UFP BACKGROUND being completed. Underwritten by the University of Luna,
The early years of the United Federation of Planets this study postulated little chance of finding any non-
were characterized by territorial expansion and techno- humanoid intelligent life during the next century of galac-
logical and cultural growth. Except for violent contacts tic exploration. The study met serious criticism, however.
with such races as the Vegan Tyranny, the period be- Some scientists called it the homocentric ego theory,
tween Zefram Cochrane's development of the warp drive because it emphasized humans and humanoid life, imply-
in 2063 and the loss of the USS Avenger in 2151 to the ing their superiority. As a race, though, Terrans were
Romulans was generally peaceful. (Note: some historians grateful that their first encounter beyond their planet
would argue the war officially began with the unprovoked
attack and destruction of the Federation passenger liner
SS Diana in 2154, as the “Avenger Incident” was too dis-
tant in the past to be considered applicable.) The estab-
lishment of the United Federation of Planets in 2152, with
its charter calling for the creation of a Starfleet Com-
mand, went a long way to ensure safety of lives and prop-
erty within Federation space. Still, there were limitations.
The antimatter warp drive had opened up space, but even
it could not do the impossible. Advances in propulsion
permitted speeds of Warp 3.5, but no higher. Significant
breakthroughs in interstellar travel would not be forth-
coming until the discovery of dilithium.
On the sociological front, though, things were progress-
ing well. During the early 21st century, humans finally had
been able to form a single, cohesive world government,
and were psychologically ready to make contact with
races among the stars. After the genocidal war started
by the infamous Colonel Green, Terrans needed a positive was with an intelligent race similar to their own. They
sociological experience. Contact with the Alpha Centau- were equally thankful that there was little chance of
rians proved to be just such an experience. They were meeting non-humanoid intelligence, since they as yet had
humanoid in physical appearance, and their culture, no basis for dealing with totally alien beings.
though different, was not incomprehensibly so. Less than Meanwhile, the Martian Colonies declared their inde-
four years after first contact, the Alpha Centauri pendence from Terra. Though not a surprise in itself, this
Zancmar Hodgkins formulated Hodgkins' Law of Parallel marked the first separatist political action in the Terran
Planet Development, a brilliant piece of biosociological system since the United Nations became Terra's ruling
reasoning. This theory stated that two planets possessing governmental body. The practicality of extraterrestrial
similar temperatures, gravities, and atmospheres would independence won out over a hasty attempt to keep a
produce similar intelligent life-forms and even similar united Terran government in sole control of all humans

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 69

everywhere. Aside from a few protests, Terran imperial- obstacle to a workable interstellar community.
ism met no further challenge until the formation of the The first—hostile—contact with the Andorian Empire in
Terra Return League on stardate 2150. 2120 proved that a military alliance could be extremely
As more intelligent races were discovered, the need for useful. The only way to secure the regions of space be-
an interstellar government to maintain security, promote tween the major worlds would be through a single coali-
trade, and serve all member worlds became evident. The tion of planets and a corresponding force of armed star-
first efforts toward that end began in 2090, when dele- ships. Though diplomacy resolved the Andorian problem,
gates from Vulcan and Alpha Centauri met on Terra to there were bound to be less cooperative races even

Daedalus-class UESS Hamburg prior to her upgrade to the Lincoln-class specifications. She would be recommissioned as
the USS Hamburg, NCC-130, in the process.

discuss a formal alliance. Although many people wel- deeper in space, and an organized defense was desper-
comed the idea of such an alliance, there was not univer- ately needed.
sal acceptance for it. Certain financially powerful groups In 2145, a diplomatic meeting on Vulcan was unable to
were opposed to a multi-planet coalition, and they waged resolve the coalition’s question. Though delegates from
an intense media and legal battle for nearly two years. five of the six major spacefaring governments were in
However, public opinion eventually favored the formation. attendance (the Rigel-Orion Colonies were not), plans for
During the next four years, meetings between the major a federation were incomplete. The primary goals and poli-
races continued. They established an unofficial economic cies of such an interstellar government could not be de-
alliance, and diplomats urged their leaders to ratify a fined to everyone's satisfaction, and several officials
formal alliance between the respective governments. raised questions about authority and liability.
First contact with the Tellarites in 2093 proved the exist- Seven years later, in 2152, these problems were finally
ence of yet another race and bolstered the argument for resolved with the drafting of a comprehensive blueprint
an interstellar governing body. The development of warp for interstellar government—The Articles of Federation
radio eight months later overcame the last technological were signed at the First Babel Conference. The original

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 70

signatory powers were the United Nations of Terra, the eration continued its efforts toward galactic expansion
Alpha Centauri Consortium of Planets, the Planetary Con- and economic and sociopolitical prosperity.
federation of 40 Eridani (Vulcan), the United Planets of 61
Cygni (Tellar), and the Star Empire of Epsilon Indi (Andor). STARFLEET
The UFP's specific functions and objectives outlined in Before the United Federation of Planets, each of the
the Articles of Federation were varied and extensive. They major worlds had its own fleet of armed starships and
included maintaining interstellar security, conducting system defense craft, but there was no centralized force.
galactic exploration, establishing an interstellar judicial These ships maintained security in the vicinity of their
system, and promoting economic trade, scientific re- homeworlds and any neighboring colonies, and general
search, and interracial cultural exchanges. In conjunction strategic policies varied widely depending upon the psy-
with these objectives, Articles 52 through 54 called for chological makeup and astrophysical location of each
the establishment of Starfleet Command within the next government.
three years. The express purpose would be to provide a
unified military force for exploration and common defense
The Orion Colonies were also invited to join the Federa-
tion, but their official delegate observer replied that cer-
tain conditions must first be met. As it turned out, the
Orion Colonies would only sign the Articles if each of the
founding member worlds paid them an economic compen-
sation of two trillion credits. The exact nature of this
compensation, however, was never explained. The other
delegates were amused, until they realized the Orions
were completely serious.
Needless to say, there were bad feelings toward the
Orions at this point. When an enzyme-transmitted plague
killed 200 people on an outpost on Pluto, it was linked USS Yorktown and her Minotaur fighters entering Earth’s
directly to inadequate Orion trade-goods decontamination orbit at the conclusion of the Romulan War.
procedures. For this and other reasons, no one was will-
ing to “compensate” the Orions. The Rigel Colonies did not Around 2130, for example, Terran forces were primarily
join the Federation at that time. As of 2276, they still have assigned to exploration and patrol duties, though a variety
not joined. of ship classes were available for assignments. Verne-
Aside from the problems inherent in any new govern- and Messier-class cruisers made up the bulk of the United
ment, the first real test of the UFP’s cohesiveness and Earth Space Force's offensive potential at that time. The
decision-making capabilities—and military effectiveness— MD-1000-class construction dock was used to supplant
came after the destruction of the USS Avenger (2151), the Terra's surface-based repair and manufacturing facili-
destruction of the Calvert Array (2152), and numerous ties. Cosmos- and Edison-class scientific vessels began
sneak attacks (2150-2156) eventually led to the inconclu- studying space on a comprehensive basis, but neither
sive Romulan War lasting from 2156 until 2160. vessel was designed for long-range scouting missions. A
When that conflict finally ended, peace again became number of scout classes would be manufactured in the
the Federation's watchword. Outposts along the Romulan not-too-distant future, however. The Assist-class tender
border became operational in 2161, at which time the Fed- resupplied starships and provided equipment and person-
nel for limited field repairs. In comparison, Vulcan forces

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 71

were used almost exclusively for scientific research or mission when tragedy struck.
an occasional rescue mission. Alpha Centaurian and Tel- Because of a translation error, an Alpha Centaurian
larite warships were frequently employed for commerce corvette misunderstood their set of navigational instruc-
escort. Finally, Andorian vessels were used most often for tions. Taking the wrong course, it inadvertently struck the
colonization and offensive military operations. side of the Terran destroyer USS Scythe. At that moment,
After the Articles of the Federation were signed, Terran the Scythe had been firing its lasers at two other
and Alpha Centaurian military officials began working “attacking” Tellarite destroyers. Unlike future practice,
together. Joint fleet maneuvers took place and construc- warships did not have the capability to fire reduced-
tion projects started to take shape. In 2120, the Alpha power lasers for combat simulation. Instead, the weapons
Centaurian government gave permission to begin building were fired at full strength, but on a wide-diversion arc, to
a massive industrial complex in their system. This base, deliberately miss their intended “target.” In any event, the
the Centauri Test Range, was a research center and facil- impact of the corvette reoriented the Scythe and changed
ity for testing shipboard weapons and propulsion sys- its firing arcs. This caused the beams to rake the hulls of
tems. Even before the installation was finished, Starfleet's the USS Enmity and USS Hammer, with a total of 232 cas-
Engineering Command worked there on new ship designs ualties. Captain Henri Fourrier, commander of the Scythe,
and weapons. 2130 marked the very successful culmina- reported later that there was a component failure in his
ship's weapon-fire control systems. This failure prevent-
ed the ship from ceasing fire once the lasers began to hit
the other destroyers.
This accident vividly pointed out the need for a single
command structure and a central training facility for
starship crews. Ironically, Starfleet Command was born
shortly thereafter, but it was no consolation to the fami-
lies of those killed, or to Captain Fourrier, who retired
from the United Earth Space Probe Agency just three
days after completion of the exercise.
When Starfleet Command was founded and the agency
received its initial funding eight months after the joint
maneuvers incident, its first assignment was one of or-
ganization and policy development. For example, all Ter-
Long-range sensor log showing a Romulan warship. This ran vessels previously designated as United Nations
is from the USS Cutty Sark (NFC-686) near Devron. Space Ships became United Space Ships. The same also
held true for the Alpha Centaurian Consortium Fleet Ves-
tion of the Range's first full-scale project, the Daedalus- sels and starships from other worlds. Starfleet's senior
class cruiser. Within the next two decades, a new genera- officers were fully aware that their forces could be mis-
tion of launch torpedoes and lasers would also be de- used. For this reason, and to allay some Vulcan concerns,
signed and tested at that site. These new weapons would General Order Number One was formulated and adopted
see service on many Starfleet vessels during the Romu- as the most important regulation within Starfleet.
lan War. After that, starships had to be acquired. Some of the
Not everything, however, was going well. In 2151, Cen- vessels, particularly Terran and Tellarite designs, were
taurian warships were operating in a routine joint fleet conscripted from local defense forces and reassigned to
maneuver. The squadron was in the middle of a training Starfleet. The Andorians, possibly the best warship manu-

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 72

 facturing race, showed great reluctance to share their gram possible outside actual combat experience.
military secrets or hardware. Andorian warships were Aside from the Centauri Test Range, Starfleet's engi-
added to the fleet only after Starfleet officials demon- neers had one other major accomplishment. They com-
strated enormous patience, giving the Andorians time pleted designs for a starbase; an enormous headquarters
enough to feel secure with the situation. Other classes and construction, repair, and service facility to meet
also had to be designed to fulfill the special needs of an Starfleet Command's growing needs. After several years
interstellar combat force. of preparation and construction, Starbase 1 was complet-
Starfleet was established to replace the spacegoing ed in 2155. Though each base was enormously expensive,
military forces of its members, and each member planet a total of seven starbases were built and in operation
was free to maintain its own system defense forces. before the Romulan War began.
Though some governments did retain their own forces for After the Romulan War, ranking officials in the Federa-
a few years, the success of Starfleet showed that the tion felt certain another war would not occur quickly.
additional expense was not necessary. Within three dec- Once border installations were complete along the Romu-
ades, almost every local defense force had been disband- lan border, the future role of Starfleet Command seemed
ed except for ground forces. Incidentally, the creation of limited to navigational and simple law enforcement duties.
the Marine Corps Command in 2155 led to the disbanding As a result, appropriations for Starfleet Operations were
of most local ground forces as well. cut sharply. Funds were allocated mainly for the replace-
After the war games disaster, efforts were intensified ment of unsafe vessels, with very little toward research
to complete the Starfleet Academy. By 2152, the training and development. At one point, Starfleet submitted plans
facility was fully established, and its first class had 300 for an entirely new generation of combat vessels, but the
representatives from eight different races. Most of these Federation Council rejected any further expenditures. It is
students were high-ranking Starfleet officers who had difficult to say how much this cutback was due to fiscal
served with their respective planetary navies before the restrictions and how much was prompted by the recent
UFP was formed. Having an enormous pool of talent to and drastic failures of the Starfleet Engineering Com-
draw upon, the entire Academy curriculum was designed mand. The unsuccessful performances of the USS Goliath
and written by this “class,” and then used for all future and USS Juggernaut—two prototype battle cruisers—cast
classes. By developing and standardizing the training doubt on the reliability of the Command's architects and
process for all Starfleet field officers, quality and compe- technicians. Fortunately, conditions remained peaceful,
tence increased immediately. Before the Romulan War and the battle-proven Lincoln, Ajax, and Hercules classes
began, every member of Starfleet had gone through the served Starfleet's needs admirably for the next decades.
Academy, regardless of rank. Time showed that the les-
sons learned there were the most effective training pro-

Lincoln-class cutaway diagram showing most major systems. This was the final approved layout prior to construction.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 73

Romulan “Chowder” on patrol.

ADVANCES IN MILITARY TECHNOLOGY Additional technical advancements would not occur for
In the decades before the Romulan War, Federation decades. It took until 2135 before the first truly effective
military vessels were equipped with monochromatic la- Federation beam weapon, the FL-1 laser, saw service. The
sers and launch tubes capable of firing thermonuclear FAC-1 accelerator cannon was being produced by 2145.
hydrogen fusion torpedoes. By 2120, particle beam can- The Romulans had two primary shipboard weapons sys-
nons became practical, and were installed on the Messier tems: a drill-like energy beam and a variety of guided
-class cruisers. A few decades later, the Daedalus-class missiles similar to Starfleet fusion missiles. The energy
cruisers were equipped with quasi-nuclear photon- beam could be selectively “tuned” to penetrate tritanium
neutron torpedoes, a significant improvement. Finally, or any equivalent inorganic compound. The beam would
after research lasting for several years, a new genera- disrupt its target, quickly weaken its molecular structure,
tion of polychromatic lasers was developed. The Marshall- and dematerialize. The advantages of this weapon were
class destroyers were so equipped, and many Lincoln- enormous. For example, the beam could rupture one spe-
class cruisers, among others, were refitted with the new- cific location on the hull of a freighter while doing only
er, more powerful beam weapon. superficial damage to the rest of the ship. That would
Yet all improvements were relative. Weapons of that leave any valuable cargo intact for plundering. Such a
time had only a fraction of the power and range of cur- weapon appears to have been custom-designed for that
rent warp-engine-powered phasers and photon torpe- purpose.
does. The maximum range for the most advanced poly- While the drill beam was a weapon of finesse, the Romu-
chromatic lasers was slightly greater than 50,000 kilo- lan guided missiles could only be used for brute force. The
meters, or roughly one-fourth that of the FH-3 phaser. missiles came in a wide assortment of different sizes and
The first particle beam cannons required almost as much capabilities, ranging from the “cell rupture,” which
energy to operate as the damage they inflicted. Ship- massed only a few hundred pounds, up to the so-called
launched torpedoes had a range that was measured in “star bomb,” which massed almost eighty tons.
thousands of kilometers, rather than in tens of thousands. All Romulan missiles had certain characteristics in

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 74

common: they were all fusion-explosive missiles, and they ate or decelerate, all battles were fought at sublight
were fairly awkward to guide or maneuver, despite their speeds. By the time the vessel sped up or slowed down
built-in propulsion units. Almost every Romulan warship enough to join in battle, the minutes-long conflict would
carried a quantity of the smaller missiles. Apparently already be over. Also, the K-series computer systems of
each vessel had some internal storage capacity for mis- the era were far less sophisticated than the M-series
siles massing about twenty tons. On occasion, a Romulan computers currently aboard Federation starships. Those
cruiser was known to carry several hundred aboard. For- earlier computers could not synchronize lasers to fire
tunately, the smaller the missile, the more erratic the when the vessel was traveling at warp speed. The ability
control. Sometimes, when several dozen missiles were to fire projectiles such as torpedoes or missiles was ar-
fired at once, a few usually lost control and detonated chaic by today’s standards. As a result, the only way to
against other missiles. At least two Romulan ships were get into a fight was to arrive at the combat zone as quick-
destroyed by their own missiles in the Romulan War. The ly as possible, and then slow down.
small warheads were not considered to be a serious Another major difference was in defensive systems.
threat to Federation ships, unless the ships were caught Starships, even warships, did not possess elaborate de-
between several salvos. fenses. The first prototype energy deflector shield was
The larger missiles were handled differently. From one constructed in 2150, and the FSA shield did not reach pro-
to four of these star bombs could be attached by magnet- duction until 2156. Most vessels had hull armor of minimal
ic grapples to the exterior of the hull. They were released
and then guided by Romulan crewmen operating remote
controls from within the ship. This was very similar to the
way air-to-surface missiles were deployed by Terran
atmospheric craft during the 20th and early 21st centu-
ries. Because the star bomb moved freely and had an
extensive range, however, much of its mass was needed
for propulsion, leaving little room for its explosive pay-
load. Nevertheless, a single star bomb could easily de-
stroy a ship (or a group of ships if they were in close
The NX-class starship Enterprise, circa 2150. This class, a
proximity). Its effects on planetary targets were also
pioneer of Federation design, was found to be completely
devastating, rivaling that of 20th-century hydrogen
inadequate to fight a prolonged conflict. The entire class
bombs. As a result, it was a fearsome weapon, causing was mothballed not long after the war began in 2153.
more than one Federation squadron to panic.
During the war, starships had a maximum speed of thickness, which quickly proved ineffective against the
warp 3.5 or less. Even those speeds required a great deal Romulan drill beam weapon. A handful of ships had experi-
of pre-warp acceleration time. The modern USS Enter- mental point-defense systems, consisting of numerous
prise, for example, could accelerate from complete mo- low-powered lasers or rapid-fire plasma cannons de-
tionlessness to warp speed in less than one minute. In signed to knock incoming missiles off target. These sys-
comparison, the Messier-class cruiser required more tems did deflect the smaller Romulan cell-rupture mis-
than two and a half hours to perform the same maneuver. siles, but they too were totally useless against the larger
Even then, however, progress was being made. The newer missiles like the star bomb.
Marshall-class destroyer could reach warp speed in just Andorian scientists invented another defense system. A
over an hour and a half. Although these speeds seem in- few vessels, including some Hercules-class cruisers and
comprehensibly slow compared to modern battle- Yorktown-class fleet carriers, were equipped with energy
performance ratings, the Romulan ships were not signifi- overload dampeners. Added as giant energy storage cir-
cantly better. Because it required a lot of time to acceler- cuits, these devices were grounded to the hull’s external

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skin. In theory, energy attacks against the ship's hull Romulan attacks were aggressive. Though they appar-
would be harmlessly diverted into the dampeners, then ently had no knowledge of the Federation, they fought with
discharged safely into space. The devices were somewhat unrestrained ferocity, almost as if our race had been
effective, but they occasionally took an excessive charge their mortal enemies for centuries. Federation crews
and exploded within the ship. Despite this, they were in- soon realized that no prisoners would be taken. By neces-
corporated into future generations of starships until de- sity, this led to fierce ship-to-ship dogfights. In fact, the
flector shields were perfected. The only other defense a Federation only achieved combat parity after adopting the
starship had was its speed and the skill of its commander, Romulans’ combat tactics as their own.
neither of which always sufficed. The United Federation of Planets’ major advantages and
disadvantages in combat were as follows:
FEDERATION STARSHIP TACTICS Advantage 1: Federation forces usually outnumbered
During the Romulan War, Romulan commanders often Romulan forces. By achieving a ratio of at least 3:1, Star-
outthought, as well as outfought, their Starfleet counter- fleet forces were generally able to defeat the Romulans.
parts. This was especially true if the engagement was in (Unfortunately, even this degree of superiority could not
deep space and involving only a few ships. As the war ensure a UFP victory in at least one instance.)
continued, it became apparent that the Romulans were
experts in the art of interstellar war, while Federation
races were novices by comparison.
This is not to say, however, that Federation crews were
incompetent. Extensive computer simulations at the Star-
fleet Academy prepared crews to the greatest possible
degree of readiness. Unfortunately, the best simulation
was no substitute for genuine combat experience. Also,
peace had reigned over the Federation for decades, and
very few Starfleet crews or commanders had ever par-
ticipated in actual combat. Nor had the Federation ever Romulan Cabbage-class cruiser firing its primary drill beam.
met a race as combat-oriented or openly hostile as the
Romulans. Even the Andorians, the most militant of the Advantage 2: Federation starship commanders worked
major Federation races, were taken by surprise at some closely together for the group's overall benefit and pro-
of the Romulans' tactics. tection. This meant covering the weak flanks of individual
While a single patrolling Starfleet vessel was preparing ships or formations, and assisting each other when com-
to react against the surprise attack of a Romulan war- bat conditions became difficult
ship, the Romulans had already opened fire while closing Disadvantage 1: Individual Romulan commanders were
at high sublight speed. The Romulans' initial attacks were more skilled at combat than their Starfleet counterparts.
not hasty and ineffective, as might have been expected. It is not known whether they were better trained or simp-
The bird-like lines of a Romulan warship quickly became ly had a more militant society, thus giving them an inher-
associated with uncanny marksmanship. By the time a ent edge.
second Romulan vessel appeared, the Federation ship had Disadvantage 2: Starfleet had great difficulty in trans-
regrettably few choices remaining. Most ships caught in ferring large numbers of ships from one area to another,
this way chose to fight as skillfully as possible, trying to due to the relatively low speed of warp travel and the
damage or destroy a Romulan ship before their own ves- distances involved. Even at warp 3.5, starships took more
sel was obliterated. than eight years to travel from Federation homeworlds to

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the battle zone. No senior officers expected the skirmish-
es with the Romulans to last for years, so reinforcements “To hide is not cowardice. Neither is avoiding combat
were slow in arriving, even when authorized. This does when the odds are not in your favor. It is using your lim-
not appear to have been a problem for the Romulans, ited resources to their best potential.”
indicating that the center of the Romulan Empire was
much closer to the combat area The Romulans did not run when confronted, but fought
Disadvantage 3: The Romulan Navy contained fewer and fought well. They worked together, coordinating at-
classes of warships, simplifying supply, repair, and train- tacks as if directed by one mind. Romulan ships rarely
ing requirements. communicated with each other in combat. Evidently, the
The single exception is the Cochrane Deceleration Ma- ships’ crews had fought together for so long that they
neuver, created by Zefram Cochrane. Though a man of acted as one. (However, during one long-running battle
peace, Cochrane formulated several tactical maneuvers with Starfleet, a communications stream between two
in the event of war. Not only did deceleration prove to be Romulan warships was intercepted by an intrepid commu-
effective in the Romulan War, but after being modified for nications officer, although the transmission was coded
deflector and improved warp propulsion technologies, it is and garbled.)
still a viable defensive maneuver. The most current pro- Romulan ships often worked in pairs. The first vessel
cedure for the use of this tactic is taught at Starfleet would strike and then run, drawing out the defending ves-
Command school. sels in a convoy or from a base. This gave the second
warship a chance to strike at an unprotected target. After
ROMULAN STARSHIP TACTICS Federation officers caught on to this tactic, the Romulans
When war with the Federation broke out, the Romulans employed a third vessel whenever possible, using what
were ill prepared to fight a prolonged war with a major came to be known as the “double draw method.” The sec-
power like the Federation. As the Star Empire had already ond vessel would draw out the last defending ships, then
been fighting the Klingons for a long time, their already- the third would strike. Another quote from Thoughts of
poor resources were severely strained. The Romulans did War emphasizes this:
not know for certain who they were fighting in the early
battles of our war with them. Intercepted messages seem “Work together. Strike fast. Hit and withdraw before they
to indicate that during their first confrontations with the know what hit them.”
Federation, the Romulans thought they were fighting the
Klingons. The eventual discovery that they were fighting The Romulans used guerilla tactics to their advantage,
another power shaped their subsequent tactics. In the striking hard and fast and shifting the battleground to
beginning, the Romulans did not know whether they were their choice of locations. Only the Federation’s superior
fighting a minor spacefaring race or a major power like forces allowed them to stalemate the Romulans’ superior
themselves. In either case, they were relatively short of tactics. Without doubt, the Romulans will use these tactics
vessels and men to fly them. This made hit-and-run tac- against us in any future conflict. Given their advances in
tics—for which they later became famous—a necessity. technology, the outcome might be very different next
During the war, the Romulans took cover in asteroid time.
belts, on small planets, and the like, waiting for single
vessels to wander past. After a successful strike or two,
Romulan ships shilled their location so they could not be
traced. They did not consider this cowardice (as would
the Klingons), but merely conservation of forces. A quote
from Thoughts of War, a possibly fictional work found
among the Eridam Papers, supports this point of view:

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Selected Starfleet Vessels

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Torsk

The Torsk-class cruisers were designed with two distinct missions in mind: to gather intelligence along border areas
and to hunt and destroy enemy scout ships. Torsk was the first to carry the improved SSWR-II-C warp reactor, which was
30% smaller but only 5% less powerful than the SSWR-II-B carried by the Krechet class. Because of the narrowly-defined
roles Torsks were to play, they were much less expensive to build and operate than were Krechets. They carried fewer
weapons, had a 35% smaller crew, and were 25% lighter despite having two main warp nacelles to Krechet'’s one. Four-
teen Torsk-class cruisers entered service from February 2140 through December 2148. However, they saw little action in
their intended roles as Romulan forces withdrew and consolidated in anticipation of a UFP offensive. Instead, they were
used as escorts and scouts when Starfleet task forces pushed into Romulan territories in the final two years of the war.
Torsks did well in these limited roles, but were eventually superseded by the significantly more capable Ajax class.
The remaining Torsk-class cruiser USS Stingray is on display at the Starfleet Museum.

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Farragut

Like many other heavy warships, Farragut was based on the reliable Bison design. The ventral forehull was modified to
accommodate a drop bay for orbit-to-ground attack missiles. Unlike ship-to-ship missiles, where speed and maneuvera-
bility were key, ground attack missiles were slow, but optimized for descent through a planetary atmosphere. Farragut
also carried an orbit-to-ground pulse laser mounted in a ball turret for intercepting missiles launched from the planetary
surface. A modified, more powerful version of this weapon was also installed on Yorktown-class carriers. Finally, because
it would always be escorted by Krechet- or Tannhäuser-class cruisers, Farragut carried only a small complement of de-
fensive missiles for space combat.
However, Farragut-class ships rarely saw action in their intended roles as assault cruisers. The Romulans fought so
ferociously to defend their planetary holdings that a direct orbital assault was usually impossible. Instead, most task forc-
es had to resort to standoff bombardment of a Romulan planet, a much more destructive and time-consuming operation.
In other assaults, the Romulan bases would self-destruct by detonating their fusion reactors rather than succumbing to
enemy occupation.
Farragut also suffered from more rapid obsolescence. Because of its nature as a planetary assault ship, Farragut was
considered a frontline vessel, and deployed accordingly. However, its SSWR-III-C reactor, state of the art when first
launched in May 2145, was quickly outperformed by the newer Hercules- and Lincoln-class heavy cruisers in the early
2150s. Fleet commanders found that Farraguts could not keep up with their own escorts, requiring task forces to cruise
at slower speeds to their targets. As a result, only nine Farragut-class ships were built out of a planned twenty. The re-
maining hulls, already under construction, were converted into Olympus Mons-class transports instead.
One ship, USS Hartford, was converted to a cargo transport after it was decommissioned in December 2159. It had a
long career as part of the Federation Colonial Command and commercial services. It has since been restored to its war-
time service appearance (depicted in the accompanying datasheet), and is on display at the Starfleet Museum at Memory
Alpha.

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Yorktown

In June 2135, the fusion-powered Minotaur fighter and the M/AM-powered Yorktown carrier were introduced in an at-
tempt to overcome the operational limitations of early M/AM ships by combining the speed and range of M/AM-powered
warp flight with the maneuverability of high-impulse fighters. Yorktown was based on the Pioneer-class cruiser, which
had entered service in 2130 and had itself been developed from the Bison-class transport. Whereas Pioneer had a large
fusion reactor, a single midline Pachyderm III warp nacelle, and two auxiliary nacelles, Yorktown carried a new SSWR-III-B
M/AM reactor and four paired nacelles. The impulse drive and its fusion reactor were moved to the extreme stern. At the
front of Yorktown's cylindrical forehull, which had been lengthened by 20 m, were sensors and the navigational deflector,
command centers, the computer core, crew facilities, and life-support machinery. In the center section of the forehull
were docking cradles and missile-loading equipment for five Minotaur long-range fighters. In the aft section of the fore-
hull were support facilities for the Minotaur fighters. With a displacement of some 670,000 tons, Yorktown was by far the
largest Earth-designed warship produced to that time.
In 2150, several Yorktown carriers and their fighters were selected to be upgraded to Mk II specifications in an attempt
to augment the fleet while newer classes were designed. The new fighter/carrier system proved extremely effective in
both its long-range strike and anti-ship roles. Both ships were now at least twice as fast as their Romulan counterparts of
the period, and fighters were also able to evade or outrun most enemy missiles until late in the war. In ship-to-ship com-
bat at warp speeds, a flight of five Minotaurs could easily run down any Romulan warship or cargo vessel and overwhelm
its defenses. At sublight speeds, a Minotaur’s relatively low weight allowed it to hold its own against Romulan warp-
capable fighters or even sublight fighters. Moreover, because of its superior speed, a Minotaur could disengage and es-
cape at will if it found itself in danger.
In addition to numerous strikes against ground-based targets and anti-shipping raids, Yorktown ships participated in
most major engagements of the war, including the Battle of the Krakowski Void and the Battle of Cheron. In several cam-
paigns, notably Yadalla and Kaph-42, Minotaurs provided low-orbit fire support during Marine Corps landings. A total of
five Yorktown carriers and thirty-eight Minotaur fighters were lost in operations from 2135 through 2160. After the war,
most Mark I Minotaurs were retired from service, but many Mark IIs were fitted with improved 54J M/AM fuel cells and
twin nacelles and continued in service as long-range strike fighters into the 2180s. In addition, many retired Minotaurs
were purchased by private citizens and, nearly 200 years after their withdrawal from service, have had a long second
career as sport racers. After the war, many Yorktown carriers were converted to fast transports and tankers.
The Yorktown-class carrier Lexington and the Minotaur-class fighter Gwendoline are on display at the Starfleet Museum.

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Mauretania

When Starfleet was founded in 2152, several outdated and often battle-damaged fusion-powered warships were rebuilt
to serve as transport ships. Starfleet Command soon recognized that these vessels were too slow and had too short a
range for the demands of the new united fleet with its extended range of operation. Moreover, in many cases the former
cruiser-type ships wound up as overcrewed and also oversized, especially because the possible cargo spaces deep inside
the ships were not directly accessible.
This is why Starfleet's first standard transport (indeed, the first vessel to be designed specifically for Starfleet), the
Mauretania class, was developed. The design was facilitated and accelerated by reusing many construction principles of
the San Francisco class. Weapons appeared to be dispensable. Many other components were simplified with respect to
the San Francisco class, so that eventually merely the external shape remained similar. The internal arrangement of the
small crew section remained essentially the same as on the San Francisco. The bulky midship section, on the other hand,
was converted to cargo bays. The two upper decks were designed to hold general cargo that came in various shapes,
such as food, medical supplies, equipment and spare parts. The lower half of the section was for bulk cargo in standard
containers and was accessible through big sliding doors on the ventral side. The Mauretania class was approved for any
kind of cargo except for fuel, other chemicals and explosives. If necessary, the ship could carry troops as well.
The most innovative change, however, was that the Mauretania used a matter/antimatter reactor (M/ARA) as the main
power source. The M/ARA was located at the intersection between the mid and the aft section, leaving essentially the
whole latter section as a huge fuel tank. The Mauretania-class ships achieved warp 2.4, which was significantly faster than
transports of similar size. Nevertheless, owing to their obsolete basic construction, no more than sixteen of them were
ever built in two batches, instead of the originally ordered six batches and twenty-six ships. The last ship of this class was
decommissioned already in 2205, nearly fifty years after its commissioning. After their Starfleet service, most of the
remaining ships were purchased by private citizens or corporations and converted to luxury transports.

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San Francisco

The Charter of the United Federation of Planets from 2152 called for the immediate formation of Starfleet for the Feder-
ation's common space programs. The member planets obligated themselves to contribute a variety of starships that the
new Starfleet would assign to the exploration of space, defense of the Federation, and to humanitarian and diplomatic
missions.
Among the many vessels designed for the newly established Starfleet was the San Francisco class, although their speed
and range of operation would be limited. The UFP, however, couldn't afford to be picky in pursuing its goal of taking over a
lead role in the new Starfleet. Interestingly, the UESPA had named the lead ship for San Francisco, the city where its head-
quarters was located and the future site of Federation Starfleet, so there was also a symbolic meaning in providing Star-
fleet with a San Francisco class.
The design was one of the few real warship types predating the Romulan War. The prototype USS San Francisco had just
been completed when hostilities began. During the following years, twenty-three more ships were rushed into service.
Their endurance and firepower being limited, San Francisco-class ships nonetheless took part in many of the major bat-
tles of the war, and were used quite effectively for planetary defense and as escorts.
The bow section of the San Francisco class, including the bridge, the mess hall and the main weapons bay, could be de-
tached in case of an emergency. However, it was not built for reintegration. The main power source was a PFR-3 fusion
reactor. The ships were armed with a twin pulse laser cannon in the bow and one in the stern and eight fusion missiles.
Like many other fusion-powered ships, they became obsolete after the appearance of the M/ARA, and the final vessel was
retired in 2180.
In 2266, the ex-USS Anchorage, now operating under civilian operators, made a scheduled stop at Federation Earth Out-
post 2 near the Romulan Neutral Zone. Shortly thereafter, the base and the ship were destroyed by a Romulan V-8 Bird-of
-Prey that had been ordered into Federation space on a mission of espionage and destruction.

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Ajax

After the Romulans had launched surprise attacks on the remote Delta VII outpost in 2153, the only line of defense con-
sisted of a number of scout-type vessels: for instance, the Archer class or the San Francisco class. These ships were
never designed for an extended military conflict, but rather as system patrol ships. Still, with their considerable arma-
ment consisting of pulse lasers and atomic missiles, they performed well. Many historians believe that, had they not met
any resistance from those ships, the Romulans may have regrouped quickly and launched a deadly attack on the inner
colonies and perhaps even Earth itself.
The Ajax-class warships were developed in 2154 as a more heavily armed variant of the Daedalus-class ships to gradu-
ally replace the battered fleet of Archer-class vessels. The Ajax-class prototype was laid down in January 2155, and the
USS Ajax was commissioned eleven months later. The relatively fast ships with their newly developed matter/antimatter
reactors were intended to scout and to attack Romulan convoys outside star systems with Federation outposts. Fortu-
nately the war ended sooner than expected. The political decision to establish the Neutral Zone and the outposts along its
border made this type of ship expendable.
The first batch of eight Ajax-class ships were completed as late as 2158 and classified as destroyers. Since their role
was limited and the larger Hercules-class ships turned out superior and more versatile, no further Ajax-class ships were
commissioned after that time. The Ajax-class design considerably deviated from the Daedalus class in that only few com-
ponents, most noticeably the warp nacelles, were adopted, while the flat hull shape followed a new understanding of warp
field dynamics at speeds beyond warp 3. Unlike the coupled single-beam emitters of the Daedalus, the navigational deflec-
tor was implemented in the form of a characteristic "dish." Ajax-class ships were armed with one laser turret, one fixed
laser cannon and three missile launchers, two facing forward and one facing backward. Instead of a shuttlebay, two dock-
ing ports in the saucer underside allowed them to keep shuttles permanently docked, although no more than one shuttle-
pod was usually carried.
Ajax-class ships were mainly employed for system patrol and local defense after the war, with the last of these remark-
able vessels (since upgraded to Mk III specification) decommissioned in 2192. One vessel, the ex-USS Tripoli, was taken
from the Federation Depot at Minos II and sold at auction to a collector in 2272. It is currently under restoration to its
wartime appearance.

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Hercules

The Hercules class was one of the faster and more spacious developments to replace the aging Daedalus class and aug-
ment the incoming Lincoln class, while incorporating many design cues from the NX class of the 2150s. With the commis-
sioning of the first ship in 2155, Hercules-class ships were designed to achieve a maximum speed of warp 4, thereby re-
ducing the average travel time between the star systems of the Federation from several months to a few weeks. In order
to boost the short-term performance as well as provide redundancy for long-time runs, the Hercules class originally had
two separate M/AM chambers that fed two parallel transfer conduits leading to each nacelles. Warp 5.5 was achieved on
test runs, but the stress on the warp coils was found to be so high that twenty-eight of the thirty-four coils had to be
replaced after the test.
In contrast to most previous starships that were designed for combat situations, the Hercules class was only moder-
ately armed, but included a number of science labs of different branches, including stellar cartography, astrophysics,
exobiology and anthropology. The shuttlebay in the stern usually held two shuttles on permanent standby and two more
that could be prepared for launch in case of an emergency. The Hercules class was originally armed with high-yield plas-
ma cannons only. The ships were later refitted with FL-4 lasers and two additional plasma cannon turrets in 2158.
With the introduction of the larger and more versatile Asia class in 2170, the Hercules class gradually became dispensa-
ble. By 2190, the ships were no match for more recent Klingon cruisers, like the D4, and they were withdrawn from their
role as frontline ships when tensions with the Klingon Empire rose after 2218. The simple structure with one large deck
and the easy maintenance of the systems subsequently made the Hercules an ideal support vessel. After the labs and
most of the crew quarters had been removed and a grapple arm and additional loading ports had been installed, twelve
ships of the class served as tenders. The second warp core was removed as well. The last four ships of the modified Her-
cules class were still in Starfleet in 2276 (in ready-reserve status), but all are slated to be decommissioned by 2280.

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Lincoln

The Lincoln class was designed in 2156 as a further development of the Daedalus class. Envisioned as a Mk IV upgrade,
the class was soon given its own designation. Together with the Hercules class, they subsequently formed the backbone of
Starfleet. Most of the ships were built in the newly established Proxima Fleetyards, the location being ideal since most of
the retired Daedalus classes that the new ships were built around were already in storage there. The computers, accom-
modations, life support, warp cores and impulse drive systems were upgraded, and the newly designed FL-2 lasers and
FAC-2 accelerator cannons were installed. In addition, a new deflector dish was installed for the first time—a multipur-
pose instrument that not only generated a deflector field to disperse dust in the ship's flight path but also included the
navigational sensors and subspace transmitter. The spherical bow section was detachable and, for the first time, de-
signed with its own limited propulsion system. The separation was limited to emergency situations such as an impending
warp core breach.
In 2157, the Mk II series of this class was supplied with more powerful weapons systems, including fusion missiles, as
well as improved shields. Although the laser guns of the Lincoln class turned out inferior to Klingon disruptors of the
2200s, thanks to their pulsed shields the ships could withstand prolonged disruptor fire from enemy vessels that would
have decimated the Daedalus hulls they were based on.
In 2222, USS Passat withstood the attack of three Klingon D-2 light cruisers with only minor damage and without any
casualties until the Klingons could be lured into the Hromi Cluster, where Starfleet had installed automated defense plat-
forms that destroyed one of the Klingon ships and forced the two others to retreat.
On the other hand, USS Waterloo—a ship that was due to be transferred to Starfleet Training Command in 2225—fell
victim to a Klingon sneak attack in the Becker system in 2224. This was the incentive to withdraw all the old ships from the
border and to upgrade a number of selected Lincoln-class ships to new standards. The final commissioned vessel of the
class, the USS Devon, is still in use as a training vessel in the Starfleet Cadets program to this day. Based on Alpha Cen-
tauri, this program introduces high school students to Starfleet and its operations. All other Lincoln-class cruisers were
decommissioned and scrapped by 2240.

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The Romulan Star Empire

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The Romulan Star Empire
culture than their Vulcan brothers, they were not
(contrary to popular opinion) a decidedly warlike race
prior to the early 22nd century. However, that changed
Even now, over a century after the conclusion of the after Romulans made first contact with another sentient
Earth-Romulan War, relatively little is known about Romu- species around 2119, when they encountered the Klingons
lan history prior to the outbreak of that conflict. for the first time. The Klingons had recently developed
What is known for certain is that the Romulans are an warp capabilities themselves and were beginning to ex-
offshoot of the Vulcan culture, and that they left close to pand their empire beyond their own homeworld. As a
2000 years ago. Vulcan records describe early coloniza- result, the blatantly aggressive Klingon attitude was a
tion attempts, before the Peace of Surak took hold com- poor match for the passionate and confident Romulan
pletely. (Contrary to popular belief, Vulcan did not be- demeanor. However, although the Klingon and Romulan
come automatically pacifist, nor was nonviolence a strict empires could be considered to be hostile to one another
rule—defensive wars were common against those socie- and frequent skirmishes took place in the region between
ties that had not yet adopted Surak’s teachings.) A wave their respective homeworlds, neither side then pos-
of several dozen massive, sublight vessels departed from sessed the technology to wage a true interstellar war at
Vulcan and headed out into interstellar space. Some of that point in time.
the vessels only made it a short distance, settling rela-
tively close to the Vulcan homeworld. These colonies
were later reabsorbed into the Vulcan Confederation in
the 1500s, after Vulcans developed warp drive. A few
other colonies, such as the ones on Dessica or Calder,
failed and died out.
However, a handful of colony ships made it as much as
thirty light-years away from Vulcan, and settled on a pair
of class M planets which the travelers named ch’Rihan
and ch’Havran—literally translated “of the Declared” and
“of the Travelers,” respectively—and later designated
“Romulus” and “Remus” by human explorers ignorant of
their true names. Against all odds, the colonists managed Romulan Fleet at anchor at the planet Cheron.
to survive and flourish, establishing first a foothold and
then an empire based on the two pristine worlds. The Romulan political scene began to change, however,
For the first millennium and a half, the Romulans (or in the early 2130s. Traditionally, the Romulan “empire”
more appropriately, the Rihannsu) spent the vast majori- was just a loosely organized union of the two homeworlds
ty of their combined efforts in taming the two worlds to and three major colonies of the Romulan settlers. Com-
suit their needs, and gradually spreading to inhabit most munication (and by extension political authority) was
of the surface of both planets. However, some colonies limited by the speeds of physical warp travel, because
were also established in three nearby systems, so that by the Romulans did not develop subspace communications
the early 22nd century, a loosely held union called the until the 2130s. Once interstellar communications be-
Romulan Star Empire comprised a total of four star sys- came practical, though, the central government on Romu-
tems with six inhabited planets and a total of close to lus began attempting to assert greater and greater con-
twelve billion citizens. trol over the outer colonies. This trend did not sit well
Although the Romulans were a much more passionate with the people on the outer colonies, creating a good

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deal of internal friction that could lead to a Romulan civil make a Romulan prisoner worth more to his people alive
war if left unchecked. and imprisoned than dead and safe from interrogation
Thus, by the early 2140s, the Romulan Star Empire was are most rare. Therefore, under most situations, it is
considered relatively weak and divided, torn by internal useless to risk one's ship and crew to attempt such a
disagreements, social and economical strife, and consid- capture.
erably smaller than the vast union controlled by the Unit- Romulan tacticians see no lapse of the morality of war-
ed Earth government. fare in sneak attacks, or attacks against unprepared or
unarmed installations. The enemy is the enemy, and little
THE ROMULAN PEOPLE distinction is made between civilian and combat soldier.
The Vulcanoid appearance of Romulans and their overt Romulans do not fight limited war or recognize non-
tendency toward apparent emotionlessness often sub- military targets. For them, survival is the only rule of war.
consciously led officers into dealing with Romulans as To expect any other view from a Romulan is to invite dis-
though they were Vulcans. In fact, though the appearanc- aster.
es and some of the personality traits were similar, the The skill of Romulan commanders in hit-and-run tactical
thought processes and personalities that produced these situations is legendary and certainly is the result of
appearances were markedly different. chronic shortages of men and materials. If one has few
The Romulans, unlike the Vulcans, do not seem to be- ships, one cannot take chances by attempting an open
lieve in suppression of emotion. They do, however, main- frontal attack. Strike from hiding and run away: these are
tain a very businesslike, perhaps even cold, presence the tactics of conservation, and the tactics most used by
when on duty. This passionlessness does not stem from a the Romulans. The Romulans are not marauders of the
desire for inner serenity, but has been learned over the Klingon fashion.
years by Romulans in dealings with other cultures. Quite They rarely take possession of what they cannot use,
simply, one is less vulnerable to an enemy if that enemy nor commit atrocities for no purpose other than demor-
cannot tell from one's appearance what one is thinking or alization of the enemy. But neither do they divide their
feeling. efforts with infighting nor underestimate their enemy.
A Romulan ship commander will not give away his plans And, unlike the Klingons, they are not vulnerable to ap-
in his voice or mannerisms. It is doubtful that the old peals to personal greed or glory. One must not make the
saying that "Romulans know no fear" is true, but Romu- mistake of thinking of the Romulans as “better” or
lans certainly show no fear. “worse” than the Klingons. They are simply “different.”
Neither will they show mercy. A Romulan gives and ex-
pects no quarter in battle or in negotiations. In the nego- ON THE ROAD TO WAR
tiations to conclude the Romulan War, Romulan diplomats Based on intelligence gathered in 2268, the Earth-
had difficulty understanding an enemy who would not Romulan conflict started, ironically, with an incident in-
necessarily take advantage of any momentary weakness. volving a Vulcan survey ship in orbit of the Romulan
Romulans are extreme pessimists, always expecting the homeworld in 2143. The Vulcan Science Academy had
worst of a rival. This personality quirk has been success- sponsored numerous deep space survey missions for
fully turned against them in the past through use of re- more than a century, since Vulcan first discovered warp
verse psychology. drive in 2011. It was one of these missions, in fact, which
Romulan officers show a dedication to duty that bor- contacted Earth in 2063.
ders on the extreme. Certainly no Romulan would allow an In 2143 the scout ship T’sannu began a survey mission
enemy to capture his ship, and they are known to prefer into the eastern galactic frontier beyond the Qualor and
death to being made prisoner. Circumstances that would Tarod systems. According to the mission plan, the crew

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 99

was to survey the Tomed system, the Zeta Reticuli ROMULAN MOTIVATION FOR WAR
(Tranome Sar) system, the Beta Draconis (Romulus) sys- It is extremely difficult to evaluate the Romulans’ racial
tem, the Alpha Mensae (Sotarek) system, and the Cheron motivations for war because no direct contacts with
system. The total mission duration was expected to be them have been made. Nevertheless, we can draw some
approximately twenty-eight months. conclusions by translating subspace communications and
Nothing is known about the T’sannu’s mission prior to making other educated guesses; future intelligence re-
entering the Romulan star system, since all data and ports, however, may change or radically contradict the
records were lost when the ship was destroyed. In fact, suppositions made in this report.
the ultimate fate of the T’sannu was unknown until 2268, Based on all available information at the time, the
when Starfleet came into possession of a large amount of Romulan War against the United Federation of Planets
data from a stolen Romulan databank. A small portion of began because of a territorial dispute. In their spinward
this data described the Romulan perspective on the expansion of territory, the Romulan Empire claimed an
events leading up to the war, including an incident involv- area of space within the Federation's sphere of influence
ing a Vulcan ship in the Romulan system. and exploration. When the USS Avenger unwittingly en-
According to the military archives, the T’sannu entered tered that portion of space, the Romulans attacked it.
the Romulan star system on or about February 26, 2143. Simply put, it was a matter of Romulan expansion versus
Upon detecting signs of habitation, the crew apparently Federation exploration. In fact the Romulans, already well
into the process of strengthening their borders, were
well prepared for the invasion they felt was coming.
The Romulans' actual reasons for expansion toward
Federation space in the first place are not clearly under-
stood. There were possibly conditions preventing the
Romulans from expanding in other directions. It may also
be that, once they became aware of the Federation's ex-
istence, their psychological makeup made them want to
fight. Perhaps such a conflict between the two powers
was inevitable; even the galaxy is limited in size.
It is fair to assume that the Romulans are a resource-
poor race. Their general combat tactics emphasize the
most efficient use of available personnel and material.
Romulan Cabbage cruiser, circa 2150.
They are inferior in sheer manpower, too. Oddly, the gen-
eral region of space they occupy has a higher stellar
chose to conduct discreet observations prior to making density than most areas within the Federation, offering
contact. It is not known whether the Vulcans on board more stars and more usable planetary systems as well.
realized just whom they had found. The Romulans, on the One possibility for the Romulan shortages is that those
other hand, knew exactly who these intruders were. Fear- stars may not contain needed resources, or they may not
ing that the T’sannu was an advance scout for a general be suitable for Romulan life. Only direct investigation will
invasion, a panicked Romulan commander ordered the confirm or deny this hypothesis, but that is impossible at
Vulcan ship destroyed. This panic spread quickly through- present.
out the empire, and the gears of war were set into mo- The attack against the USS Avenger was only the first
tion. indication of their ferocity and hostility toward non-
Romulans. A willingness to destroy their own coveted

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 100
resources, including ships and personnel, to avoid cap- this war, it could be decades before they make another
ture recalls a Spartan ethic. Based on Hodgkins' Law, move against the UFP.
both qualities usually are indicative of a warlike race. Or it could be weeks.
Unfortunately, it is not possible to determine whether
Romulan aggressiveness is due to previous encounters
with an equally hostile race, or to a violent xenophobia—
a fear and hostility toward other alien life-forms. If the
Romulan Empire feels threatened by another hostile
spacefaring race, we must find out about them, too.
Another factor characterizing the Romulans is their
tenacity. During fourteen years of undeclared action and
almost three years of open war, Romulan forces conduct-
ed attacks and attempted to invade Federation-controlled
space. Several hundred starships were destroyed as a
result, with casualties in the tens of thousands. This
points to a military government willing to devote re-
sources exclusively to combat, if necessary. It seems
unlikely that a civilian ruling body (if such a phrase holds
any meaning for a race like the Romulans) would be able
to maintain power under such conditions. Despite this, the
Romulan who signed the Treaty of Peace holds the trans-
lated title of "leader of the people." The governmental
relationship between the Romulans' military and nonmili-
tary is another area requiring further information.
The only thing that could so strongly motivate an impov-
erished race to open hostilities is a need for something
they do not already possess. If this is the case, we can
expect the Romulans to attack again in the future when-
ever they feel their goals have a chance for success.
Depending on how long it takes for them to recover from

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 101
The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 102
Selected Romulan Vessels

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 103
U-22 “Cabbage”
The U-22 (codenamed “Cabbage” by the UESPA) entered service in 2140, and was one of the most commonly encoun-
tered Romulan cruisers during the war. The design was created to allow fleet advances across interstellar distance. They
were equipped with a formidable arsenal of cluster missiles and star bombs, and also mounted the most powerful plasma
weapon yet produced. This could be carried for distances farther than any other Romulan cruiser, save for the U-13A.
However, this massive capability came at a price: the amount of deuterium fuel required by the fusion reactors to give
the required range meant that the ships weighed an estimated 500,000MT. Plans to use the twin-engine system developed
for the U-20 were abandoned due to delays in that program, and a modified version of the long-serving RFTL-3 was adopt-
ed in a triple-nacelle arrangement. The massive size of this class adversely affected its maneuverability and performance
at warp (2.5 maximum speed).
Early in the war the U-22 was used to great effect, its firepower overwhelming many Federation ships; the sheer size of
the vessel meant that the damage inflicted on the U-22 was easily absorbed. Later in the war as newer designs entered
service with Earth and its allies, the slow, ponderous U-22s became easy prey.
The vulnerability of the U-22 was demonstrated very clearly at the Battle of Hell’s Gate. This battle saw the allied forces
crush a massive Romulan invasion attempt. A total of twenty-seven U-22 cruisers were committed to this battle, and not
even one survived. It is estimated that the Romulan loss of life in this single battle was in excess of 30,000 crew and
troops. The last reported sighting of a Cabbage took place in 2214 by the USS Ranger during a routine long-range sensor
scan of the Neutral Zone. It is assumed the Romulan Empire has retired them by now (2276).

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The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 105
U-24 Veronus “Chowder”
The U-24 (Codename “Chowder”) was a strike cruiser, designed in 2142 (speculated) for use as part of the defensive
strategy. Compared to the U-22 class, the U-24 was a far lighter and more maneuverable design. This performance im-
provement also included an increase in maximum speed to warp 3.2. The U-24 gradually replaced the U-22 in production
as the Romulans shifted from offense to defense; operating close to bases meant that cruisers no longer required the
amount of fuel that the U-22 had carried to extend its reach.
In terms of armament, the U-24 did still pack an appreciable punch, again carrying star bomb anti-ship missiles and
defensive cluster missiles. The class also carried a nose-mounted plasma cannon, although this was of lower power than
that of the U-22. Frequently, U-24s were employed in an anti-capital ship role, their speed and maneuverability giving an
edge over the lumbering Terran cruisers and carriers of the day. They proved to be vulnerable themselves, as the lighter
structure that gave the U-24s their speed made them vulnerable to attack from nimble Minotaur-class fighters and Far-
ragut-class cruisers.
U-24s managed to destroy five Yorktown-class carriers, and nineteen other capital ships of various types, but that was
at enormous cost: of the 216 U-24s deployed during the Romulan War, ships destroyed or listed as missing totaled 110.
Three distinct variants of the U-24 exist, the most common encountered being the U-24A, which entered service in 2145.
This mounted a mix of defensive and offensive missiles as well as the plasma cannon, and eighty-one of the ships built
during the war were of this type. Production continued postwar and a further thirty-eight ships were built of this mark.
The second variant (in service from 2150) was the U-24B, which carried only star bomb anti-ship missiles. It could, how-
ever, carry ten of the weapons, and it retained its plasma cannon as a backup. Some thirty of the completed ships were of
this model.
The U-24C, which saw only a single prototype built, adopted an all-or-nothing approach. This variant dispensed with all
weapons except for the star bombs. The variant was also fitted with an additional star bomb in its nose, for use as a last
resort weapon in ramming actions. Intended for use in the defense of Romulus, this variant began testing in mid-
2160. Luckily for both sides, the war ended before this model saw action. Testing indicated that the ship was severely un-
derpowered, and could only fire a useful salvo if not maneuvering or not powering the already-inadequate defensive
screens; additionally, it lost the maneuverability that made the U-24A so devastating.
The U-24 was a departure from the larger designs that preceded it. Many things including the changing nature of the
conflict and the need for quick-to-produce ships caused this change. However, the striking power of the U-24 was almost
equal to that of many earlier and far larger cruisers; both the Romulan and Federation fleets followed this trend postwar.
meaning the leviathans that saw action in the Romulan War soon faded into history.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 106
The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 107
U-25 Tyrannus “Clavicle”
The introduction of matter/antimatter power plants into the majority of new UESPA/Federation ship designs from 2158
onward meant that in virtually every confrontation, the Romulans were outmatched.
The Romulan fleet had invested heavily into developing artificial quantum singularities as a power source, to try to coun-
ter these new power plants. This meant, however, that they neglected research into the far simpler matter/antimatter
source, and only put limited funds into improving their fusion reactor systems, meaning that no significant improvements
occurred in this field until very late in the war.
The U-25A (codenamed “Clavicle”), which entered service in 2150, benefited from the new fusion reactor research, and
was the first Romulan cruiser that could match most Earth vessels in a confrontation since the advent of matter/
antimatter power in the Federation ships. The U-25A returned to the flatter shape of prewar ships, as the Romulan fleet
acknowledged that the increase in production time and cost was far outweighed by the improved warp dynamics it of-
fered. The combination of this improved shape and the new power plant gave a top speed in excess of warp 4.2.
The use of fusion, which relied on ample supplies of deuterium fuel, limited the range, but as with the U-24, the Romulan
fleet was now fighting within range of its home bases, so this was no longer a priority. Firepower was still a priority; the U
-25A carried an impressive mixed and balanced arsenal. When used cleverly, the U-25A was a good as most opposition it
would face. In a chase, the weaknesses of the limited range would soon show, but when used to ambush enemy forces, the
class was devastating. Even in an ambush situation, the U-25A had to destroy its target before reinforcements arrived, as
full speed would soon exhaust the fuel supply if pursued.
The other factor of the U-25A that weakened it was the power plant itself. The technical achievement in almost doubling
the power output was impressive, but the penalty was that if pushed too hard the reactor could easily overload. Reactor
explosion, rather than enemy fire, accounted for half of all U-25A losses. Some ninety U-25As were built in total, of which
seventy saw Romulan war service, and of these, fifty-six were destroyed. The limited numbers produced and the lateness
of the introduction into service meant that the U-25 had only limited influence on the outcome of the war. It did, however,
reassert the Romulan style of ship design that later became synonymous with all their vessels. By 2190, these ships were
no more.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 108
The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 109
U-26 Venastrum “Warbird”
The U-26 entered service in 2155 and saw action in all the battles of the Romulan War. The ship combined the highly
effective power plant and wings of the failed U-19 prototype with the light and simple-to-manufacture hull of the U-20.
The main delay in building the U-19 came from the building of the primary hull, as it incorporated a number of stealth
features and required the use of the latest computer for control purposes. An additional problem was that the hull relied
on tritanium, a strategic resource the Romulans could only obtain in small quantities (usually by piracy). The wings of the
U-19, on the other hand, used duranium, as all other Romulan starship designs did, but the increased amount of hull mate-
rial required to give structural strength resulted in a 25% weight growth that the engines could not handle.
The simpler hull offered a straightforward solution. Even accounting for the heavier, less-strong material, a U-20 hull
weighed 10% less than a U-19 hull, and the appeal of combining the two was unquestionable. A U-20 hull was mated to the
U-19 wings to produce the prototype U-26A. The ship was as fast as a U-19, and only slightly less maneuverable. Most im-
portantly, it only cost 75% more than the cost of a standard U-22, took only 50% longer to build, and gave a 150% im-
provement in combat efficiency over the U-22. Although primitive by modern standards, the design was superior to any
ship in Starfleet at that time.
Powered by a fusion reactor linked to twin RFTL-1 warp nacelles, the design exhibited many of the traits of later Romulan
designs. It had a birdwing-like shape to the nacelle supports, and stressed maneuverability over power generation. In all,
120 U-26 class cruisers were built between 2155 and 2180. Based on data provided by the ongoing Starfleet Intelligence
Operation Neptune, the U-26 was phased out entirely by 2220 due to its inability to be adapted to Romulan cloaking tech-
nology.
The U-26 was one of the first designs positively identified by the UESPA, when in January 2152, a U-26 engaged the
UESPA Runemark near Canis Minoris 12. The Runemark was destroyed in the long-running skirmish, and the U-26 escaped
with minor damage.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 110
The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 111
The Four Years War
2251-2255

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 112
THE UNITED FEDERATION
struct two new starbases near the Klingon Empire. Star-
bases 22 and 23, completed on stardates 1/6401 and
1/6905 respectively, would serve as centers of operation
OF PLANETS for Starfleet's task forces, protecting Federation space
and shipping from further incursions by Klingon vessels.
UFP/KLINGON BACKGROUND After the attack on the USS Flying Fortress, there were
Relations had been strained between the Federation and no multi-ship confrontations between Klingon and Federa-
the Klingon Empire ever since the two powers first tion vessels until the Four Years War began. Occasional
learned of each other's existence. In 2247, a personal skirmishes and exchanges of fire between vessels of the
warp-driven shuttle made contact with the USS Sentry two governments, however, would continue.
near Gamma Demetrius. Not long after, an alien warship One notable period of remarkable inactivity lasted from
calling itself the Devisor of the Klingon Empire arrived 2238 to 2250. The popular belief is that it was due to a
and demanded the return of this shuttle and its passen- war being fought by the Klingon Empire along another
gers. The Sentry's commander reluctantly honored the border. Though there is no knowledge of any intelligent
shuttle pilot's request for temporary political asylum, and race on the Klingon Empire's coreward border, the covert
shots were exchanged briefly between the Federation and discovery of massive Klingon shipbuilding during this
Klingon ships. The Devisor then departed, promising to period would seem to reflect some form of open warfare
return and wreak havoc on the Federation and its citi- with an enemy other than the Romulans or the UFP.
zens. This was the first contact with the hostile govern-
ment of the Klingons, a race who seemed to enjoy combat SOCIOPOLITICAL BACKGROUND
purely for its own sake. Over the next several stardates, The early years of the United Federation of Planets can
an assortment of contacts and brief skirmishes were be characterized by consistent territorial expansion and
reported between individual Federation picket ships and technological and cultural growth as warp-driven ships
Klingon pirate vessels near the disputed Klingon/ traveled between the inhabited worlds of intelligent be-
Federation border. ings. Not including the violent contacts taking place be-
The second major encounter occurred in 2238, when a tween the Vegan Tyranny and other races, the period
Klingon starship, modified to transmit a Federation scout between Zefram Cochrane‘s development of the warp
identification signal, seized the USS Flying Fortress, a drive in 2063 and the loss of the USS Avenger to Romu-
slow but heavily-armed prototype transport. By means of lans in 2151 was generally a time for peace. The establish-
a sneak attack, the Klingons were able to destroy the ment of the United Federation of Planets on Stardate
transport’s bridge, killing all command personnel and 2152, with its charter permitting the creation of a Star-
rendering weapons systems inoperative. The ship also fleet Command, went a long way to ensure safety of lives
happened to be carrying an experimental deflector shield, and property within Federation space.
although the Klingons never did discover that fact. Even Still, there were limitations. Technology and the anti-
though the ship was temporarily in Klingon control, a matter warp drive had opened up space, but even warp
successful interception by a Federation anti-piracy task drive could not do the impossible. Advances in propulsion
force forced the Klingons to release their tractor beam, permitted speeds of up to warp 3.5, but no higher. Signifi-
returning the badly-damaged Flying Fortress to Star- cant breakthroughs in interstellar travel would not be
fleet’s control with all its secrets intact. forthcoming until the discovery of pure dilithium in 2180.
These increasingly unrestrained acts of piracy and After the inconclusive Romulan War, peace again be-
combat by the Klingons greatly concerned Starfleet Com- came the watchword within the Federation. After out-
mand and resulted in emergency appropriations to con- posts along the Romulan border became operational in

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 113
2161, the Federation could expand without significant tion. Alternating between complacency and the raw edge
difficulties, and began to grow complacent. Thus, funding of crisis, the Federation now stood ready for the open
for Starfleet operations was reduced dramatically. warfare that was to come.
In 2185, the Federation Council voted against appropri-
ations for a totally new generation of warships. This, UFP MILITARY BACKGROUND
coupled with the monumental design failure of a later After the Romulan War, high officials in the Federation
ship class, resulted in obsolete, 46-year-old destroyer felt certain another war would not occur quickly. Once
and cruiser classes serving as the Federation's first line installations were complete along the Romulan border,
of defense when first contact did finally come with the the future role of Starfleet Command seemed limited to
Klingon Empire on stardate 2190. navigational and simple law enforcement duties. As a
In 2195, a political body calling itself the Terra-Return result, appropriations for Starfleet Operations were cut
League was formed on Benecia Colony. The goal, as de- sharply. Funds for research and development permitted
scribed in their Proclamation, was to end the Federa- only modest technological improvements. Funds for new
tion's policy at expansion and have all humans return to construction allowed only for the replacement of vessels
the Sol system from the most outlying regions of space. no longer safe for use. At one point, plans for an entirely
Observing that mankind had gone deep into space and new generation of combat vessels were submitted to
still had not solved many of humanity’s basic problems, Starfleet, but the Council rejected any further expendi-
the League felt resources were being exploited and tures.
abused on an interstellar level. They said room enough This went on until Stardate 2210, when the first of a
existed on the now-habitable worlds of Mars, Venus, new class of cruiser was commissioned. The USS Tritium
Ceres, Ganymede, and Titan, and therefore the Federa- was the first starship designed with three warp nacelles.
tion should be disbanded and Terra observe a strictly According to Zefram Cochrane's original warp theories,
isolationist view of extra-solar activities. The recent no more than two warp nacelles could be used on a sin-
contact with the warlike Klingons only added to the gle ship, because im-
League’s argument. balances in the warp
The final challenge came at the Babel Conference in fields generated by
2205. The Terran-Return League, now representing a the nacelles would
respectable and vocal minority, officially raised the nullify the drive's ef-
question of dissolving the Federation. After strenuous fect.
debate and impassioned speeches by the participants, Several flag-rank
the decision to maintain the Federation passed by an officers in Starfleet
acceptable margin. Some of the factors leading to the Engineering Command
decision included the recent advances in development of disagreed. They be-
the large-scale transporters, superior subspace trans- lieved the third nacelle would stabilize and harmonize
mitters, the willingness of Starfleet to offer more pa- with the performance of the other two, dramatically
trols on protection, and the very recent discovery of increasing maximum operating performance. Many bil-
pure dilithium crystals and the subsequent effects on lions of credits were put into the project, and a total of
interstellar travel. six Tritium class ships were constructed before the pro-
Between the time of the Babel Conference and the Four ject was terminated. Simply put, Cochrane was right, and
Years War, the new advances in technology and in- the theoretical engineers were terribly wrong. Many
creased speeds of interstellar travel encouraged a sec- officers had staked their careers on the decision and
ond period of economic growth and territorial consolida- later found themselves out of a job.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 114
 On Terra, the ships in the ancient nautical fleets were the situation near the Klingon Empire was ideal for star-
built around the size of the guns or the thickness of the ship crews. There was enough excitement to keep offic-
armor. However, the overriding limitation on the efficien- ers alert, and the brief conflicts gave numerous com-
cy of a starship was not the hull material or the size of manders at least some combat experience. Many of the
its turrets. With these ships of the line, it was the warp lessons learned in minor confrontations served to train
drive that served to power all other systems. After the them better than any simulation at the Academy could.
failure of three warp nacelles on a single ship, efforts (Of course, the historical simulations at Starfleet Acade-
continued to increase the efficiency of the warp drives my were second to none, but no amount of simulation
could substitute for actual field experience.)
Another source of pride for Starfleet was the newly
upgraded Marine Academy, opened in 2230 on Starbase 1.
This new institution would provide Marine Corps Com-
mand personnel with the specialized training needed for
their particular duties. And now that they had their own
educational and training facilities, a special sense of es-
prit de corps could be imparted to them as well. This
enhanced their overall efficiency and unintentionally
maintained an interservice rivalry dating back at least to
18th-century Terra.
With both Starfleet and Marine Academies supplying
highly skilled personnel, and with the establishment of
regular duty patrols for the majority of our territory, we
were as ready for open warfare as we could be without
violating the Prime Directive or actively initiating inter-
stellar war on our own.

ADVANCES IN MILITARY TECHNOLOGY

Periods of warfare have always been the most signifi-
cant periods for technological advancement in Terran
Larson-class destroyer USS Anzio during the Four Years history. This was no less true on a Federation-wide level
War. as a result of the Four Years War.
Almost all UFP warships had been equipped with dilithi-
themselves. These efforts resulted in steady progress, as um-moderated warp drive nacelles before the Four Years
the maximum ship speed crept slowly upward to warp War started. By the war's end, all warships, almost all
4.8. The Mann, Rickenbacker, and Baton Rouge classes, commercial transports, passenger liners and freighters,
among others, contained improvements over earlier de- and many private warp-driven ships were thus equipped.
signs, but additional substantial progress would be lim- This increased the overall speed and efficiency of inter-
ited until dilithium became a component in warp drives. stellar commerce. The overall efficiency of impulse and
Tactics continued to develop as well, with Starfleet deflector shields was improved as well, with much of the
ships usually working in groups of three or four similar credit going indirectly to the new, enhanced warp drive.
ships, allowing convenience in repair throughout the In addition, Starfleet began developing some of the
growing Federation sphere of influence. In many ways, basic theory needed for the vastly superior transwarp

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 115
drive during the Four Years War. Facts such as load/ launch system was quickly developed and tested at the
stress capabilities, maximum engine operating tempera- Arcturus Test Range. Using the M-2 computer as the
tures, and other scientific information invaluable for guidance system for the weapon, extended range and
designing the new propulsion system were gathered accuracy were finally obtained. The system was finally
from test stations operating at the Arcturus and Centau- pronounced ready for operation in 2251. It went immedi-
ri Test Ranges and from starships returning from battle- ately into production, and the new system reached front-
stressed conditions. Based on findings from interstellar line ships before hostilities ended.
probes and theoretical research, a complete report was The last major technological development was the in-
concluded one year after the war ended. vention of the phaser. At the outbreak of the war, scien-
The transporter, developed almost a century before tists involved in laser research had been on the verge of
the war, entered widespread use as a weapon for the a new discovery. In experimenting with all types of ener-
first time during the Four Years War. Starfleet needed a gy beams, Warren Shillinge of HiBeam Energies Ltd. had
rapid method for the transportation of large numbers of discovered a way to "phase energy pulses," as he de-
Marines to planetary surfaces and other ships. Until the scribed the technique. The process, now named the
time of the Four Years War, only the standard six-man phaser, was vigorously explored at HiBeam. Further se-
transporter was in wide use within the Federation. The cret research developed heat, disintegrate, disrupt, and
greater effectiveness of the larger transporter systems
on Klingon assault ships led to an intensive research
project. Federation engineers made necessary modifica-
tions, resulting in the development of the now-common
22-cell transporter. This new transporter unit permitted
debarkation of Marine personnel with unprecedented
speed, greatly enhancing their shock potential for rapid
strike missions.
The photon torpedo was designed expressly to replace
the aging, and increasingly ineffective, accelerator can- Klingon D-6 on patrol near Deneva.
non. The accelerator cannon, essentially a high-powered
mass driver, was the primary Federation shipboard mis- stun settings for the new weapon system. Early models
sile system through the first half of the Four Years War. were placed into production in 2240, but these at times
The introduction of Klingon ships such as the D-9, D-10, did more damage to Starfleet ships than to the Klingons.
and D-20 cruisers, equipped with KSF and KSJ deflector Further development and use of the M-1 computer as a
shields, demonstrated the need for a more powerful guidance and control system produced the FH-3. Use of
weapon. this weapon turned the tide of war in favor of the Feder-
Starfleet's Engineering Command placed top priority ation. In early 2252, the FH-3 became part of most fleet
on designing a more effective shipboard missile system, inventories, a major contribution to Starfleet victories of
powerful enough to defeat the newer Klingon shields, yet that time.
not requiring large amounts of operating energy like the
laser. They made slow progress until a research team
from Loraxial Ltd. headed by Priscilla Feddric found the
way to magnetically contain small amounts of antimat-
ter. This breakthrough provided the means to construct
small torpedoes or missiles of tremendous power. A

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 116
Starfleet Doctrine
quickly obtain as much glory from combat as possible
and withdraw before Federation forces had adequate
time to regroup or come to the aid of the target. When
STARSHIP TACTICS—FEDERATION necessary, however, Klingon vessels also engaged in
Starfleet commanders serving in the Four Years War combat when drastically outnumbered, at times prefer-
preferred working in large squadrons or groups when ring racial pride and the pursuit of posthumous glory
possible, defending strategic targets or conducting fleet over sound military tactics.
actions against Klingon forces. Unfortunately, the superi- Klingons used a number of different formations for
or numbers of Klingon warships often forced UFP units to combat, but individual commanders often conveniently
fight in small, highly skilled groups of three to six ships— forgot the tactical battle plan after the first few minutes
at least during the early part of the war. of battle. Though the Klingon Empire was and is predomi-
During times of peace, Federation starships did not nantly a structured military society, Klingon warship
initiate any hostile action, such as firing first or even commanders resented having specific assignments as
raising shields, unless threatened. An official declaration part of a mission. With each commander eagerly seeking
of war, however, suspended these gentlemanly rules of honor in combat, having a rigidly detailed assignment to
conduct. Therefore, Federation vessels in the Four Years fulfill (particularly if it was a subordinate or defensive
War engaged in combat after positive enemy identifica- one) went against their desire for a quick victory and
tion was made, usually through direct, visual means. Be- individual glory. As a result, battle formations often dete-
ing allowed to fire at will kept the lives of Starfleet crew- riorated shortly after engagement with an opposing task
members from being placed in undue jeopardy. Confirm- force, with each Klingon vessel engaging one on one
ing the hostile identity of opposing forces before con- against enemy vessels. The greater the number of ships
ducting combat ensured the safety of all but the enemy. involved, the more common and severe the breakdown in
Simply put, the United Federation of Planets had three Klingon cohesiveness.
major advantages in combat: Also, Klingons did not particularly like to work together,
1) Despite the UFP's overall peaceful intents, individual because of the dangers in having to trust a “fellow” com-
Starfleet commanders were generally better trained than mander. This distrust, common through nearly all levels
their Klingon counterparts. This led to situations where of starship command, contributed to the Klingons' diffi-
sheer ship-to-ship tactical skill on the Federation's part culties in effectively using the V- and U-formations. A
would win battles. damaged Klingon ship could not depend on assistance
2) Starship commanders worked closely together for from another Klingon vessel, and many Klingon ships
the group's overall benefit and protection. This meant crippled in battle were abandoned by their squadron-
covering the weak flanks of individual ships or for- mates. It is even said a Klingon squadron commander
mations, and generally assisting each other when combat preferred having a known enemy covering his flank or
conditions became difficult. rearward positions to having a potential enemy among
3) By using creative tactics, including temporary tacti- his own ranks.
cal withdrawals and regroupings, Starfleet forces were
able to withstand and eventually neutralize the Klingons' SPECIAL TACTICS
early numerical superiority in warships. V- AND U- FORMATIONS
Federation and Klingon starship commanders were
STARSHIP TACTICS—KLINGONS trained in many of the same basic formations through
When possible, Klingon starship commanders during the years of computer simulation and operational testing.
Four Years War preferred to strike against weak targets, One of these included forming a V- or U-shaped task

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 117
force using three or four ships. Physically, the for- STAGGERED FORMATION
mations are the same. If three ships are used, it is called
a V-formation, and if four ships are used, it is called a U-
formation. With this formation, the center ship, usually
the group's flagship, would generally be up to 40,000 km
in front of or behind the other ships in the formation,
depending on the purpose of the task force's mission.
If the flagship was leading, the mission would proba-
bly be a general, all-purpose attack, or to drive a wedge
into the opponent's line of defending starships. The area
with the strongest combined concentration of fire would
be to the port and starboard sides of the flagship's posi-
tion.
If the flagship was trailing, the mission might be to
meet in a general defensive engagement, an offensive
engagement against a single, more powerful ship, or to On at least one occasion, the positional change of the
encircle an enemy ship prior to capture. One major ad- Klingon flagship just before combat adversely affected
vantage of a trailing flagship is that the combined con- the resolution of a battle. As a partial solution to their
centration of fire is greatest directly in front of the for- problems with the V-formation, a staggered formation
mation. was adopted and is still used by many Klingon task forc-
The position of the flagship in Klingon-employed for- es today.
mations often revealed the esteem of that group's com- This maneuver places the three ships in a linear, equi-
mander or the cohesiveness of that task force. If the distant formation. The flagship leads, the second ship is
flagship led, the commander could trust his two (or behind and to port or starboard of the first ship, and the
three) subordinate ship commanders, and in turn, they third ship is behind, on the same side as the second ship.
trusted him. If the flagship trailed, it was because the If a larger number of ships is involved, a variety of intri-
group commander knew that an ambitious ship com- cate patterns is used by several groups of staggered
mander might be willing to fire into the flagship's rear ships working in the same formation.
arc in order to lead the formation himself. Alternately, if
the flagship commander could not be trusted, his fellow STRAIGHT LINE FORMATION
ship commanders wanted to be able to catch him be-
tween their ships if necessary. On more than one occa-
sion, the flagship would change its relative position with-
in the task force just before entering battle, usually on
the order of a Klingon Imperial Security officer aboard
one of the ships.
The Klingons had two different names for the V- or U-
formations, not based on the number of ships, but on the
position of the flagship occupying the formation's center.
If the flagship was leading, it was called "oma'i
yuth" ("brave wedge"), and if the flagship was trailing, it
was called "hu toj maal" ("mouth of fear"). The Federation used the staggered formation only on

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 118
rare occasions such as in fleet reviews, as they had their with the other planets, rather than coming in from
own alternate to the V- and U-formations. Theirs was a "above" or "below" the targeted planet. They used this
simple formation with straight line movement along the maneuver because their vessels could take cover in as-
line of advance, and all ships holding equidistant posi- teroid or cometary belts.
tions. If larger numbers of ships were involved, parallel When Federation forces knew a planet was coming un-
formations two or three ships deep might be used. Also, der attack, a defending squadron took up positions far
the flanking ships might be moved forward or aft of the above or below (or both) the plane of the ecliptic. Coming
rest of the formation, causing the line of advance to be into the system, Klingon forces might not detect the de-
slightly curved in one direction. The· Klingons called this fenders, permitting those squadrons to move up or down
"puk'ian eden'z" ("lizards in a line," named after a passive into attack positions in the rear arc of the Klingon war-
species of reptiles on Hruns'la). ships.
A second variation used by Federation forces was to
PICKET PASSING deliberately remove all warships defending a planetary
A tactic called "picket passing" by the Federation and system known to be a target, making it appear undefend-
"zhu t'lan'nol" ("thrusting the pawn") by the Klingons, was ed. After Klingon forces moved in, the Federation squad-
occasionally used to attack a desired target or pass ron warped back in-system on several divergent courses,
through an area under surveillance. The target could be a to make multiple flanking attacks that sometimes caught
boundary or region of space, a fixed installation, or less Klingon ships fatally off guard. A somewhat risky tech-
often, a convoy. Though used first by the Klingons, the nique, it worked more often than not. When the tactic
Federation adopted it, until both sides finally caught on backfired, however, Federation commanders were them-
and the tactic lost some of its effectiveness. selves caught unaware.
The idea was to confuse and distract the defending
ships through the use of two or more attacking task forc- SIX O'CLOCK LOW
es. The first task force would move into sensor range, A tactic called "six o'clock low" by the Federation and
hopefully causing the defending ships to respond and "eddakh w'ujalla" ("striking for the spleen") by the
intercept, which would lure them out of position. As long Klingons was a common ship-to-ship tactic that used
as they fulfilled their mission as a decoy force, the first individual warships with forward- and aft-firing weapons
task force might not even engage the defenders in com- systems.
bat. This ruse allowed a second, generally much larger Klingon ships, usually equipped with forward- and aft-
force to strike against the now-undefended target, taking firing weapons, would deliberately leave their ships open
them completely by surprise. for a flanking attack by Federation ships. As soon as the
forward-firing Federation ship moved into the Klingon's
DELTA-Z MANEUVER rear arc, the Klingon ship unexpectedly opened fire with
A tactic called "Delta-Z maneuvering" by the Federation the rear disruptors, taking the Federation commander by
and "khas'lan t'waxnor" ("vertical claw") by the Klingons surprise. This technique did not work successfully against
was often used in anticipation of an attack on a planetary Federation squadrons very often because many com-
system. This maneuver was popular with the Federation. manders quickly caught on. It was often used successful-
Klingon commanders disliked it because of its subtle and ly against lone convoy escorts whose officers were less
“cowardly” approach to warfare. experienced against general Klingon tactics.
More often than not, Klingon forces preparing to attack A second variation often used by Klingons was to move
a planet or planetary defense system approached along into the Federation ship's rear arc, knowing that this was
the plane of the planetary system's ecliptic, or "level" often the most vulnerable area of UFP vessels. This ma-

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 119
neuver was used throughout the war whenever condi- ships. However, the tactic's effectiveness in destroying
tions permitted, though these conditions grew less com- enemy ships also brought great honor to the Klingons
mon as the battles raged on. involved. The Federation, on the other hand, rarely used
swarming. Aside from occasional groupings of Ports-
CONVOY BAITING mouth destroyers, UFP forces rarely had enough ships in
A tactic called "convoy baiting" by the Federation and one place to use such a tactic. In any event, the Federa-
"vakh to gal" ("glory seeker") by the Klingons involved tion's high regard for the lives of starship crews all but
the use of a ship or small convoy, apparently without prohibited it.
escort. Several friendly warships would surround and Though not seen during the Four Years War, a more
maintain a parallel course with the convoy just outside recent variation of "v'kari z'mortamas" using cruisers in
sensor range. These warships left a narrow area or alley conjunction with the gunboats has been successfully
through which the enemy vessel(s) could pass. As soon employed by Admiral zantai Kaneda in the Triangle.
as the enemy detected the convoy and moved through Klingon destroyers come in and engage opposing forces,
the alley to attack, the escorting ships would also move giving the cruisers time to maneuver for best attacking
in, catching them in a globe. positions. As the cruisers begin their engagement, large
This tactic, initially used to protect conventional war- numbers of gunboats then swarm in and overwhelm the
time convoys, was later used as a deliberate ploy to opposing ship's fire-control systems and shields. This
catch and possibly capture enemy warships. In these permits the cruisers' heavy fire to easily penetrate de-
situations, the Federation often used a group of auto- fenses and destroy their targets, with few losses to any
mated ore carriers or similar ships as the decoy, rather part of the Klingon force. No simple solution currently
than risking the lives of crewmen. The Klingons, less exists to counter this new tactical threat. One goal of the
concerned with lives, used a single ship manned by ser- upcoming UFP Tactical Encounters Fleet Maneuvers is to
vitor races as the bait. Of course, should the crew of the find a neutralizing maneuver that also considers the
decoy ship attempt to break formation during the opera- safety of Federation forces.
tion, the Klingon-manned escort ships would destroy it
before Federation forces arrived. COCHRANE DECELERATION
A tactic called "Cochrane Deceleration," named for
SWARMING Zefram Cochrane, was used by Federation ships as a
A tactic called "swarming" by the Federation and ship-to-ship tactic to partially counter both swarming
"v'kari z'mortamas" ("many stings of death") by the and the Klingon-executed six o'clock low. This technique
Klingons employed a large number of small ships, often was even more effective when the Federation ship faced
gunboats or scouts. The attackers moved in against a an attacking ship with greater speed and maneuverabil-
smaller group of heavier Federation vessels. Making ity.
passes at the highest possible velocity, the smaller The defending Federation ship would cease all forward
Klingon ships could direct most of their power to ener- tactical movement. As the attacking ship came and
gizing weapons systems, and any remaining energy to passed by at close range, the Federation ship would
defense systems. Federation ships, unable to engage the make a stress turn, pivoting 120 degrees. While doing so,
vast swarm of attackers, had to try merely to survive. the forward shields remained at their highest state of
Most of their vessels' power had to be deployed in shield readiness, and all possible forward weapons systems
operation, which did not permit much in the way of coun- would engage the attacking target, now hopefully pre-
terattack. senting its rear arc.
The technique was often suicidal for individual Klingon The Cochrane Deceleration worked best if the Federa-

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 120
tion ship was near one flank of the swarm, or if the at- with Federation forces, or to mislead them about the
tacking ship was expected to pass at high speed within actual destination of one or more Klingon task forces. The
accelerator cannon or photon torpedo range. The Federation never developed any effective countermeas-
Klingons never adopted the technique because of the skill ure, because it involved two entirely different philoso-
required in execution. They learned to respect it, howev- phies of combat. The only thing Federation commanders
er, calling it "k'yan ndar'sliv" ("slow source of doom"). could do after a scattered defense was to laboriously
track down and neutralize each Klingon ship or task
force, one at a time.

OTHER FORMATIONS
Specialized formations, seeing limited use, were creat-
ed by both Federation and Klingon squadron commanders,
often as circumstances dictated. These special tactics
included, but were not limited to: false ship recognition
signals for deception; assorted convoy escort for-
mations; the widespread use of decoys and gravitic mines
(a Klingon specialty); tactics designed for the reduced
capability of damaged ships or ships with detached com-
mand sections; tactics using available physical or astro-
physical phenomena such as asteroid and cometary belts,
or ion storms; and straightforward suicide tactics using
ships of all sizes, from shuttlecraft up through class VIII
cruisers.

TASK FORCE COMPOSITONS

The Klingon Imperial Navy and Starfleet Command both
designed task forces to meet the particular needs of
each tactical situation. The UFP was more likely to com-
bine different classes of ships in one group, allowing the
USS Bonhomme Richard, caught in the middle of a strengths of some ships to make up for any weaknesses
scattered defense maneuver. Another D-7 is out of of the others in the force. The Klingons, because of their
view, but opens fire on the cruiser within seconds of this
sensor image. mutual distrust, would generally have several ships of the
same class in one force, or alternately, have one large
SCATTERED DEFENSE ship with two to six smaller ships. This discouraged any
Though most defensive formations are created as the deliberate acts of coercion between ship commanders,
tactical situation develops, the Klingons did have one and later in the war, would decrease some difficulties in
tactic used to deliberately confuse and divide large Fed- supplying and repairing frontline vessels.
eration forces attempting a full-scale engagement with A three-ship unit was called a battle group. A battle
outnumbered Klingon units. This defense, known as the squadron consisted of three battle groups. A battle force
"scattered" or "starburst defense" by the Federation and consisted of three battle squadrons, or a total of twenty-
"hul fal tora'n" ("glorious exploding star") by the seven ships. Larger assemblies were called strategic
Klingons, was used to achieve a single-unit engagement groups, squadrons, forces, and finally, fleets.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 121
 The availability of specific warships, combined with the BATTLE FORCE: (162 in the fleet.) Battle forces, three of
general purpose and cruising speed of those ships and which formed a strategic groups, consisted of approxi-
their similarity for repair purposes, went a long way to- mately 25-35 starships each. These units were com-
ward deciding which ships would be assigned together in manded by a fleet captain. (NOTE: Only in times of war is
task forces. The Klingon K-23A escort, for example, was a the organization of Starfleet broken down beyond this
small but powerful warship used for escorting convoys. point. Even during times of peace, all Federation starships
Working alone or in very small numbers, the K-23A was are assigned to a battle force, though they may operate
also designed to defend itself. The D-10A cruiser, on the independently—and at very large distances from—their
other hand, was intended for use in major fleet actions assigned force or starbase.)
and planetary neutralization. Similar in design to a num-
ber of other warships, the D-10A usually operated with a BATTLE SQUADRON: (486 in the fleet.) A battle squadron
supporting escort of three to six D-16A destroyers. The is composed of 6-10 starships. Three battle squadrons
fact that the newer Klingon D-7A cruiser could not cruise equal one battle force. These squadrons are commanded
for extended durations at warp 6 directly led to the se- by a senior officer in the rank of commander or captain.
lection of the D-4E as the cruiser for the Axanar task
force. STRIKE SQUADRON: (1,458 total in the fleet.) Strike
squadron is three vessels, with at least two of those ves-
FLEET ORGANIZATION sels being designated as combatants. The remaining ves-
Starfleet adopted the following convention for parsing sels may be a scout, tender, transport, or any other such
out assignments to their vessels, the most notable of vessel up to and including a combat vessel.
which was the First Combined Fleet during the Romulan
War, and the Third Fleet during the Four Years War: INDIVIDUAL VESSEL: (4,326 vessels in all of Starfleet
during the Four Years War.) The lowest number in relation
FLEETS: At this time Starfleet was divided into three to the fleet. This is a single vessel, which may be com-
fleets, each consisting of nearly 1,440 vessels. Each fleet manded by anyone in the rank of lieutenant commander
was commanded by a full admiral. The commanders of or above. Only on rare occasions during war has a single
these fleets reported to directly to the Commander In vessel operated independently from a fleet and not been
Chief of Starfleet. assigned to a strike squadron by default.

STRATEGIC FORCE: Each of the fleets were subdivided

into two strategic forces (six total) of approximately 720
vessels each. Each of these strategic forces was com-
manded by a vice admiral.

STRATEGIC SQUADRON: Each strategic force was fur-

ther broken down into three strategic squadrons each
(eighteen total). Each of these contained roughly 220-245
vessels. These were commanded by rear admirals.

STRATEGIC GROUP: (54 total in the fleet.) A strategic

group was composed of 80-95 vessels. These units were
commanded by commodores.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 122
FLEET CAPTAIN KELVAR GARTH’S VALEDICTORY ADDRESS
(as witnessed by the Author at the conclusion of the signing of the Peace Treaty of Axanar)

Garth approached the podium, limping only slightly. The crowd, filling the gallery, consisted of leadership academy at-
tendees, just now graduating from Star Fleet. There were scores of newly-promoted captains, commanders, and lieuten-
ant commanders present. As Garth reached the podium, the large amphitheater bearing the usual subdued murmur of
private conversation, suddenly quieted to an unnatural, almost eerie, silence. He cleared his throat, and gave a lopsided
smile.
“I have been granted the tremendous honor of speaking to you today, in this valedictory address. My name is–Garth, and
I should like to share a few thoughts with you, as you leave Star Fleet Academy, having just completed the leadership
training curricula. As you begin to embark upon your new missions as starship captains and executive officers.
“The war just ended with the Klingon Empire has been costly. Devastating. We must never forget the sacrifices made by
those who fought, and most especially, those who gave their lives, to preserve those ideals we hold precious. And yet, out
of those ashes, from the tragedies of warfare that have befallen some of our worlds and many of our number, will arise–
must arise–a stronger, more unified, Federation of Planets. As men of all species overcome the challenges, as men al-
ways have.
“When I say quote men unquote, I do not distinguish between genders, nor by specific race of man–be they Humans, Al-
pha Centaurans, Andorians, Vulcans, Tellarites, or any of the other sentient races we are beginning to discover on the
frontiers of explored space. I mean, all the races of man–all those who believe in the ideals of peaceful existence, in bene-
ficial trade, of appropriate technology transfer, of collaborative advancement, of altruistic goodwill toward their fellow
man.”
Garth took a sip from a cup on the podium placed for his use.
“Captains: let me offer a tiny shred of perspective and a few syllables of advice, a few do’s and don’ts. Always remem-
ber: you are in command of your starship and its crew, for good and ill. Being a starship captain is a wonderful, awful
thing, a position of vast, often-lonely responsibility...and not for everyone. You may be the only mobile Federation re-
source for a dozen light years in any direction. If something goes wrong–you’re all we have. Your vessel may have the

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 123
firepower to devastate a world, but such force must only be used as a last resort when all other means fail. At times, you
may be a diplomat or ambassador, a first responder to a disaster, or a warrior. But first and foremost, you must always
be an explorer–venturing forth, carrying the flag and making it welcome wherever you can, wherever you go.
“Captains: lead your men by example and by your presence–do not shirk, do not skulk in your shipboard cabin and let
others take the risks on your behalf. The great leaders and explorers of history did not lead or explore from the
rear. Alexander, Nelson, Napoleon, Sardon, Lee, Buckner, Patton, Hillary, Gagarin, Armstrong, Cochrane. They were al-
ways in the front ranks, they were seen by their men taking the same–or even greater–chances, than those they expected
of their subordinates. Yes, it can be risky, but such calculated risks pay enormous dividends–and separate true leaders
from those who merely keep the center seat warm. Never fear taking a necessary risk.
“Captains: you have all made it this far. You are the brightest, and the bravest, and those who will represent the Feder-
ation in the years and decades to come. For this, I congratulate you all, and caution you, and welcome you to the
ranks. From here, you will follow Star Fleet orders while still exercising enormous autonomous authority to conduct inde-
pendent action. Such action may save worlds, or destroy them. Use this authority and responsibility with great care. But
enough words. Go and explore. Not hesitantly, but–boldly! Indeed, you must boldly go–where no man has gone be-
fore. You must explore strange new worlds, and you must seek out new life and new civilizations. For you are destined to
be Federation starship captains, and this–this shall be your oath. Thank you...”
The accompanying applause from the standing ovation was not quite deafening...

USS El Cid, firing on a Klingon supply convoy during the Four Years War.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 124
The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual
125
Map of Federation and Klingon space showing the locations of all major battles during the Four Years War.
The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 126
Selected Starfleet Vessels

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 127
Baton Rouge

The Baton Rouge-class was a Federation Starfleet cruiser-type starship designed in 2232. Ships of this class were di-
vided into two types, light cruisers and escort cruisers, both introduced in 2237. Cruiser variants began undergoing refits
in 2240; the escorts started receiving refits in 2244, with an additional advanced sensor and weapons refit in 2250.
Baton Rouge-class cruisers would have been among the capital ship classes on the front lines during the Battle of Dona-
tu V as well as other skirmishes with such threat forces as the Klingon Empire.
By the late 2270s, the Baton Rouge-class was officially retired around the same time as the Constitution class began
their Mark III upgrades. However, over twenty Baton Rouge-class starships remain in the "Mothball Fleet" at the Starfleet
Museum.

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The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 129
Detroyat
The Detroyat class, commissioned in 2238, was a type of destroyer that saw service in the Federation Starfleet during
the 22nd century. Deceptively large for a destroyer classification, these vessels were built for speed and maneuverability
rather than for their potential fighting capabilities and were Starfleet's most expensive class of vessels to construct to
date. As a result, they were commissioned into the full-time fleet where their potential was realized.
During their first service, the Detroyat destroyers, although not the strongest, but certainly one of the fastest in the
fleet, proved to be extremely versatile and efficient vessels. By 2258, however, these vessels were used as escort ves-
sels rather than as destroyers.
The ship's design intentionally leaves a lot of empty internal space to accommodate as-needed modifications, allowing
for a great deal of versatility from ship to ship in this class. Though lacking in long-range offensive capabilities, the ship's
fantastic maneuverability allows it to perform rapid and effective strikes on the much-less-maneuverable ships of its era.
At the onset of the Four Years War, Starfleet was tasked with building twenty new vessels with both upgraded weaponry
and defensive shielding. The result was the Mark II variant, indistinguishable externally from the Mark I. It was eventually
discovered that the Detroyat framework was incompatible with the new phaser weaponry that became available during
the third year of the war. With that revelation, the proposed new batch of vessels were canceled after only eleven ships
had been built. The final Detroyat was retired from active duty in 2265.

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Ares
In 2240, as Starfleet continued on its mission of scientific exploration, the Orions began expanding their illicit and illegal
activities while the Klingons became more and more brazen along the Neutral Zone and nearby regions. With the former,
classes like the Saladin and Baton Rouge were more than enough to maintain security and perform interdiction opera-
tions. The latter, however, was a different story. The Klingons had just completed a major naval base in the Donatu system
and were expanding their fleet at a breakneck pace, adding the fearsome D-6 class battlecruiser to their lineup. This, plus
improvements the Klingons were making to their D-6 class, gave them a rather decisive tactical advantage that Baton
Rouge was hard-pressed to defend against.
To complement the above classes and maintain tactical parity with the Klingons, Starfleet directed the ASDB to design
and construct an additional class in 2240. The result of this latest development project was Ares, an assault cruiser that
blended advanced technology with multi-mission adaptability that had been seldom seen thus far.
From a design standpoint, Ares maintained a double hull layout, though more compact than Baton Rouge. It dispensed
with the connecting dorsal, instead integrating both the primary and secondary hulls, with the bridge module positioned
atop a reinforced hull section that flowed aft to the impulse deck. As a cost-saving measure, the Ares incorporated the
warp core and nacelles from the Detroyat.
Both hull sections were smooth and sleek, obvious products of evolutionary progress. The secondary hull in particular
was a low-profile, minimalist affair with an advanced, integrated deflector dish forward and a large hangar bay at the
stern. Extending out and slightly downward to port and starboard were the experimental PB-35 warp nacelles—externally
the same as those on the Detroyat class, but featuring entirely new, reinforced compressor coils that were rated to ac-
cept a 40% plasma flow increase, translating into higher sustained speeds. Due to limited budgeting, supply shortages,
and political mishandling, the Ares wasn’t completed until eleven months before the war would end. However, under the
command of Fleet Captain Garth of Izar, this single vessel would prove to be a vital asset in the most important engage-
ment of the war—the final Battle of Axanar.
The Ares, the only one of her kind built, is now at the Starfleet Museum at Memory Alpha. Each year, to commemorate
her victory at Axanar, she is slipped from her berth and taken to the outer edge of the system and back.

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Saladin
The Saladin was designed in 2236 as a smaller and less expensive stablemate to the Constitution class (which would not
be commissioned until 2245), and remarkably was only marginally less successful. Though it carried cruiser armament, it
lacked the power grid of a cruiser, making full use of its photon torpedoes impractical. While this ship lacked maneuvera-
bility, its large saucer section made it capable of taking considerable punishment without losing warp power. Both the
saucer section and nacelle of the Saladin are identical to that of the Constitution class, although the configuration could
hardly be more different.
The Saladin was expected to carry out essentially the same research and exploration missions as the heavy cruiser
class during peacetime. For this reason, it had the same laboratory facilities. Several refits were designed in an attempt
to improve this class, but production virtually ceased in favor of the Mk II Anton class. A new, smaller, war destroyer was
built several years later.
The class is one of the relatively few Starfleet designs to employ a single nacelle configuration. The Saladin is a more
militarized version of her sister class, the Hermes class. The Hermes is a scout and therefore carries only two phaser
banks; the Saladin is a destroyer and is armed with three phaser emplacements (with two emitters each) and two photon
torpedo tubes. This ship is outfitted for a five-year range at light-speed before overhaul is required. The first vessels of
this class were authorized in appropriations, with additional subclasses later authorized using the new FWE-1 nacelle.

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Larson
The Larson-class destroyers, which first entered service in January 2237, were designed at the same time as the Nel-
son-class scouts and Constitution-class cruisers, and shared many design traits with these classes. An efficient class
that performed its function well, it was intended to perform the same tasks as other dual-function vessels, namely re-
search and defense. Even so, most of the existing Larson-class ships still in service in 2276 were employed by Starfleet's
Military Operations Command, with several serving in Galaxy Exploration Command.
Destroyers, such as the Larson class, were frequently employed on patrol duties along the frontier areas; in time of war
or other emergencies, destroyers could be assigned to escort convoys or be used as scouts by squadrons or small fleets,
and the Larson class served with distinction during the Four Years War. With its array of weapons, it was a fine combat
vessel, though not as powerful as a cruiser or larger ship.
The Larson class remained unchanged from its introduction in 2246 until the introduction of the Mark II configuration in
April 2255, when the FH-2 phaser banks were replaced with more powerful FH-4 phasers, and an additional photon torpe-
do launcher was installed; all Mark I ships were refitted to the Mark II configuration by September 2259. Several other
interior modifications were later made, but the combat performance of the class remained essentially unchanged until
the introduction of the Mark VI configuration.

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Loknar
The Loknar–class frigate was first commissioned during "The Great Awakening" (2230-2240), a period of expansion by
the United Federation of Planets in the mid-23rd century. A number of research and exploration classes were designed
and built to enable Starfleet's efforts to solidify an enlarged and growing Federation.
Soon after the Federation Council's Appropriations Committee granted funding to Starfleet to construct fleets to expand
and patrol the Federation's borders, Andorian factions began pushing for warship construction, believing that, during that
new phase of expansion, the Federation might come upon a race as hostile as the Romulans or Klingons, leading to anoth-
er war for which the Federation would be unprepared. Convinced by the argument, Starfleet began a limited buildup of
warships. Several shipbuilding facilities were constructed by Andorian firms to design and manufacture these vessels,
notably Utopia Planitia Fleetyards on Mars and the Salazaar Shipyard, the largest and most productive in the Federation.
First commissioned in October 2237, the Loknar-class frigate was considered a "muscle" ship due to its four-phase
cannons and single torpedo launcher, making it equal to all but the largest Klingon vessels and more powerful than any
known ship in the Romulan fleet; its shields were more efficient than any used by a hostile power.
During the Four Years War, the Loknar class saw more action than any other class in Starfleet. Although it performed
successfully during the war, the Andorian designers nevertheless felt the class could be improved upon. The FWE-1 warp
drive system was replaced by the FWE-2, which was still being tested, resulting in a 60% increase in power and perfor-
mance. The first Mark II vessel, the USS Lactra, was commissioned in January 2259, two years before the FWE-2 engines
were implemented on any other class in the fleet. The Mark II also incorporated eight FH-4 phasers and four torpedo
launchers, making the class more powerful than anything in the Klingon fleet, save for the Riskadh class, known as the D-
10 to Starfleet. Additionally, the Mark II mounted an upgraded binary shield generator, giving 33% more protection for the
same energy cost as the previous shield system.
The Loknar class, the most noted “pure” warship to emerge at their time, are still in service.

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Anton

The Anton was a light cruiser, first launched in the mid-2230s and intended to supplement the not-yet-commissioned
Constitution-class heavy cruisers. The Antons were envisioned the primary defenders of Constitution-based battle
groups. However, the new ships were found to be lacking in certain key respects; most notably they were incapable of
operating away from base for extended periods of time. This rendered the Mk I Anton nearly useless in an exploration role.
As a consequence, only six Anton hulls were built before the Mk II model was commissioned. In 2245, the original batch of
six was upgraded to the new model, with FH-1 phasers replacing the older FL-5 lasers and (in 2251) the accelerator can-
nons replaced with new photon torpedo technology (which the class pioneered). The Mark II performed beautifully, and
were further upgraded to Mk III specification in 2265. Later, the class would be extensively overhauled, emerging from the
Starfleet shipyards in the mid-2270s as the venerable Miranda class.
In 2236, increased Klingon military activity was causing Starfleet to reevaluate ship-building priorities. The Loknar-class
frigate was deemed to be too light to fill a main combat role, so plans were drawn up for a larger frigate. In response, two
new designs were worked on simultaneously; one was created by modifying one of the existing Anton-class hulls, and the
other was built from a started but never completed hull and finished along similar lines. After considerable design chang-
es, these became the Surya and Coventry classes. No Antons (in their original configuration) remain on the Starfleet reg-
istry.

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Bonhomme Richard

A vessel of distinction, the Bonhomme Richard class of heavy cruiser is considered one of only a few designs based
directly on the most notable and successful class of Federation starship, the Constitution class. The Bonhomme Richard
was originally envisioned as an advanced version of the Constitution, but was actually launched two years before the Con-
stitution class. The reason for this was simplified internal layouts, reduced scientific requirements, and ability to use ex-
isting materials (like warp nacelles) that the Constitutions were incapable of utilizing because of their higher power re-
quirements. The Bonhomme Richard was soon referred to as a new class of vessel, and design changes were incorpo-
rated into all subsequent vessels.
The Mk I was considered the perfect combination of power and flexibility. The Mk I, like the Mk I Constitution would be,
was armed with heavy lasers and twin accelerator cannons, and was nearly identical to the Mk I Constitution in combat
capabilities. The Bonhomme Richard did have a larger crew and more laboratories, and plans to convert the Constitution
class to the Bonhomme Richard specifications were quickly approved.
In 2244, armed with powerful FH-1 phasers, many of the Mk II Bonhomme Richard class were immediately sent to ex-
plore the boundaries of the Federation. They could remain in deep space for nearly four years, despite a large crew. The
Mk II also incorporated the experimental “Saber” combat control system, which was soon standard equipment on many
frontline vessels. She was also equipped with the MK 12 version of the now-standard FP-1, which required a smaller torpe-
do tube and less primary energy to fire than earlier attempts at automation of photon systems.
The Mk III (2260) used the newly developed “Wolf” model 2 FP-4. The Mk III continued to serve until 2265, when the Mk IV
was launched. The Mk IV continued to use the Wolf FP-5 system, but increased the phaser system to the Lockheed 447/54
model of the FH-10 system. The Lockheed system provided more power than the Constitution’s FH-3s and were easier to
maintain. The Bonhomme Richard class continued to serve until the premature launch of the refitted USS Enterprise in
2271. By this time, the Bonhomme Richard and other heavy cruisers had been outclassed by smaller combat craft, and
were soon being mothballed.
The Bonhomme Richards were produced at various shipyards around the Federation. Of the twenty-one built, only three
were lost, and only one with all hands. By 2276, four ships ( Bonhomme Richard, Bunker Hill, Port Royal, and the Yamato)
had been upgraded to Enterprise class specifications, with five more slated for conversion by 2285.

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Constitution
Construction on the Constitution-class cruiser began at the San Francisco Fleetyards in September 2239, and the class
first entered service in 2245. The most renowned vessels of their time, Constitution-class cruisers performed their du-
ties to perfection for several decades. An integral part of Starfleet's buildup during "The Great Awakening," the class also
distinguished itself during the Four Years War.
Originally, the class was intended to be much smaller, but a shift in design philosophies and the result of decades of
research showed that a larger design could be feasible. The original construction contract called for thirteen vessels to
be built, which would serve as cruisers with complete research facilities, capable of operating on five-year research and
exploration missions. The prototype USS Constitution was followed by a new ship each month thereafter: the USS Enter-
prise in February, the USS Constellation in March, the USS Intrepid in April, the USS Republic in May, and the USS Farragut
in June. These first five vessels spent the next two years undergoing shakedown trials, while the remaining seven vessels
of the initial authorization were built and commissioned over the next five years, ending with the USS Defiant in November
of 2253.
When the Four Years War broke out in 2250, four Constitution-class vessels saw combat; each distinguished itself in
battle on multiple occasions, garnering the nickname "The Queens of Starfleet" for the class. After-action reports contin-
ued to show the class to be superior to any other in the fleet. Due to their cost, and more than a few other mitigating fac-
tors, the Constitution class was removed from frontline duties and placed in a “research only” role toward the latter half
of the war. In 2263, Starfleet Command ordered the production of more vessels of the class, and funding for the expan-
sion of the class was finally authorized by the Starfleet Appropriations Bill of 2265. By 2276, the oldest five vessels of the
class had been upgraded to Enterprise class specification. By 2285, no less than ten more will undergo the conversion.

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Heston
Launched in 2236, the Heston-class battle cruiser was based upon the design of the Constitution class. By 2245, the
class had more weaponry and enhanced sensor range compared to the Constitution. The limits of technology at the time
meant that dilithium-equipped engines capable of powering a class XII ship were not yet available, so these changes were
only possible due to the adoption of a lighter and less powerful warp drive. The Heston class later served as the basis for
the Federation class Dreadnought. The class was classified as a battle cruiser, as much of its science capability had to be
sacrificed in the quest for maximum combat capability.
After the war, in 2260, the class was reevaluated due to a last-minute addendum to the proposed Starfleet budget.
Thanks in no small part to several key members of the Federation Security council—eight of whom had served on these
powerful vessels during the Four Years War—all eleven hulls were pulled from mothballs after only two years of storage,
and the entire class was completely rebuilt from the keel up into the Heston Mk III (thus skipping the Mk II designation
because of the enormity of the refit).
Only one vessel has been lost since their recommissioning. The remaining ten have been deployed along the Federation-
Klingon border (4), the Romulan Neutral Zone (3), and in the Triangle region (3).

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The Klingon Empire

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The Klingon Empire
countless individuals.

SUCCESS
KLINGON PSYCHOLOGY Common beliefs notwithstanding, the typical Klingon
To outsiders, Klingon society remains largely a mys- does not fight and die simply for the sheer sport of it. The
tery, because many find incomprehensible a way of life Klingon tempers desire for conflict with pragmatism. He
that expresses itself as the continuous quest for power does not seek or kill for the same values and objectives
and conquest. Viewed psychologically, however, the his- as humans. Before deciding on a course of action, the
toric Klingon mission of expansion results directly from Klingon considers three factors: loyalty to the empire, to
several distinct motivations in the Klingon psyche. These his family, and to himself. Success, in the Klingon sense
elements are conflict, survival, success, and unity. of the term, is anything that promotes an advantage in
each one of the three categories. Although an individual's
CONFLICT spur-of-the-moment decisions may seem to his personal
At the heart of the Klingon way of life lies the funda- benefit, considerations of family and state are never far
mental concept of perpetual conflict. Klingons conceive of removed.
conflict in different ways, often simultaneously. The no- When a Klingon has done his duty to the empire and to
tion can apply to threats to personal safety, challenges to his own family line, he will then look exclusively to his own
the safety of an extended group, racial conflict, competi- future. An ambitious Klingon earnestly desires to estab-
tion of position within the social order, and even within lish his own family line, not so much for wealth and influ-
one's own family line. ence but as a means of controlling his own destiny.
To a Klingon, conflict is a positive mode of expressing Curiously enough, there is a fatalism in Klingons, re-
the desire for recognition and advancement and the indi- flecting a belief that each individual is allotted a finite
vidual's right to exist and prosper. Conflict not only iden- portion of luck to be used or forever lost. If a Klingon
tifies friend and foe, but also advances the fittest for the believes that “his time has come,” he is likely to seize the
good of the social order. Finally, Klingons enjoy struggle moment, no matter the consequences.
for its own sake. The idea of conflict has also created
what the Klingons call the “perpetual game,” in which all UNITY
Klingons participate from birth to grave. Based on the Unity is the fourth major element of Klingon psychology.
principle of eternal conflict, warriors advance them- All Klingons belong to something or someone: either to
selves at the expense of weaker rivals. The game applies the empire, their emperor, their family line, their individ-
as much to rival powers as it does to Klingon individuals. ual civilian or military commanders, or their own sense
of duty. This sense of belonging is evident at every level
SURVIVAL of Klingon society. Some scientists believe that the earli-
In a Klingon context, survival does not mean mere per- est Klingon lords were landless workers who, over a peri-
sonal safety. When speaking of survival, a Klingon in- od of time, became enslaved through a lack of mutual
cludes the safety of his family line. Whether an action is support. The Klingon phrase "the weak enslave them-
taken by an outsider or by a family member, it can deeply selves" probably originates with this notion of Klingon
affect not only the individual, but his entire line as well. “kuve,” (Others hold that the first kuve were rebellious
Such actions translate into gains or losses of political line members who unsuccessfully revolted against the
clout in relation to other families. CIearly, the Klingon's dictates of their emperor).
extended survival instinct includes responsibility for Although most Klingons belong to a specific group or

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 150
organization, they are also property of the state, to be In recalling the horrors of the war just past, many peo-
used or discarded according to the empire's needs. In ple see the Klingons as non-individual beings who think
return, the typical Klingon can call upon a vast array of and act as a unit. This view, however, dooms us to under-
empire-wide resources when pursuing a goal that would estimate the subtleties of the Klingon mind. They are al-
also benefit the komerex (translated as “perpetual ien, and therefore we cannot judge them by human stand-
game”). ards of behavior. Even so, Klingons exhibit a range of per-
The Klingon's notion of unity includes the fear of disuni- sonality types as wide as that of Terran humans. It is just
ty: that is, the shame and disgrace of abandonment. As that the range has different parameters than our own.
long as he commands respect, a Klingon receives un· As a race, Klingons are indeed hard, unforgiving, even
questioning obedience from subordinates. Should he lose cruel. Within the group, individuals vary in their expres-
their respect through personal failure, a leader also runs sion of these traits. The gentlest of Klingons might seem
the risk of losing his command and even his life. harsh to a human, and the most naive of their race would
Although the concept of unity produces a degree of likely seem secretive and suspicious. Within their own
discipline and regimentation seldom seen in other cul- culture, though, the differences are recognizable and
tures, it also produces the Klingons' greatest flaw: a broad. There is no “average” Klingon any more than there
Klingon never feels completely autonomous. There are the is an “average” human.
ever-watchful eyes of fellow line members, subordinates, During the Four Years War, Starfleet devoted intensive
and superiors, as well as other Klingon individuals eager efforts to developing psychological warfare programs
to advance their own aims at the expense of another. This designed to intimidate the enemy. Then they realized that
produces an atmosphere of fear and paranoia. Daily rou- the intimidation so much a part of Klingon daily life is far
tine is monitored, conversations are recorded, and every more intense than any of us could devise. The Klingons
Klingon action is subject to critical analysis, all in the understand intimidation on an internal level that humans
name of maintaining the unity of one's ship, one's com- will never experience, so it is a useless weapon against
mand, one's line, or the komerex. them.
To outsiders, Klingons seem cold-blooded, capable of On the other hand, Klingons as a group do not under-
committing acts of senseless cruelty without remorse. stand the concept of cooperation as humans do. because
Starfleet officers should avoid judging Klingon morality, it is not a part of their survival behavior. Klingons cooper-
however, and concentrate instead on what any Klingon is ate only when forced, while humans cooperate almost by
likely to do in an encounter. It is very dangerous to expect instinct, because millions of years of successful evolution
Klingons to behave according to our ethical or moral be- have structured such the behavior. Humans thrive on
liefs. In fact, interrogations of numerous Klingons have diversity.
revealed that they consider only one thing to be immoral The Klingons, however, deny diversity as a virtue. In the
and therefore avoided: becoming vulnerable to others. end, it is this ability of humans and other Federation rac-
es (most notably the Vulcans) to accommodate the goals
STARFLEET INTELLIGENCE REPORT of others that has brought the greatest success in psy-
(EDITOR'S NOTE: the following is an excerpt from the in- chological warfare. The Klingons believe that their great-
troduction to The Klingon Mind, by Dr. Wade HanseIm of er strength gives them the right to subjugate other rac-
the Starfleet Psychological Warfare Division. Though the es—even that this right binds servant and master togeth-
study was published just after the Four Years War, it is er. Federation efforts to subvert Klingon servitor races
still considered one of the most insightful examinations of proved so effective simply because the Klingons never
Klingon psychology.) considered the possibility that beings who had surren-
dered their freedom would ever again rise in resistance.

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 151
Though the UFP created no major upsets of Klingon rule Klingons would suffer if the empire was decimated by
purely through subversion, when servant races were continuing the war.
encouraged to form underground resistance movements, The Klingons are conquerors by nature, which makes
the resulting chaos often crippled Klingon supply efforts them view conquest as a virtue in itself. The subtler
in the war zone. minds among them recognize that there are different
An understanding of the difference between the Klingon forms of conquest. One Klingon might only be satisfied
and human psychological ranges also proved useful in when he had slain an enemy, burned his lands, slaugh-
developing combat strategies. For example, “cautious” tered his line, and pillaged his belongings. Another might
Klingons do exist, but what a Klingon considers cautious find it more satisfying to leave an enemy's life, lands, line,
would look rash to a “careful” human. That is why Klingon and belongings alone, and to collect his honor instead.
commanders can be goaded into making bold moves that Still another might seek to use his enemy to gain higher
turn out to be foolish blunders once they learn the true status, but always seeing to it that his rival knew that he
strength of their foe. Remember, though, that Klingons do had been used as a stepping stone. All three approaches
not believe it is vain to seek glory. In the Klingon culture, are typically Klingon, though they are as different as any
one must perform “virtuous” deeds publicly or the effort three human reactions to a stressful situation. Under
is usually wasted. stress, humans seek to escape. Klingons in stress situa-
tions seek to dominate. This fundamental difference in
psychology is at the core of successfully predicting
Klingon reactions, which is the heart of psychological
warfare.
Very few K1ingons die of old age, especially in the mili-
tary. Death in battle (or at least in hazardous service) is
more common, and most Klingons consider it more hon-
orable. It is common for aging Klingons to request more
hazardous duty, hoping to gain either quick glory and
reward or an honorable end before their physical facul-
ties fail them. Such requests are nearly always granted.
An honorable death is the privilege of every Klingon— the
only privilege that the Empire grants with no strings at-
D-6 on patrol near the planet Toria, 2259.
tached.
Most humans believe that good and evil are absolute
terms, with another behavior on a spectrum somewhere
between them. Being eminently pragmatic, Klingons do
not believe in these absolutes. What advances the individ-
ual (or the empire) is good. What diminishes the individual
is evil. This does not deny the Klingons' capacity to sacri-
fice for the ideals they revere. Admiral Komerex, for ex-
ample, betrayed his empire not because he thought war
with the Federation was wrong. but because he believed
the conflict was harming the empire, his troops, and, by
extension, himself. He cared less for what would happen
to him after the war than for the loss of status he and all

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 152
Klingon Fleet Doctrine
This is the most rare Klingon formation. It is a massing
of battle groups (there is no upper limit) under the com-
mand of either three admirals or two thought admirals.
All Klingon tactical publications break fleet operations This massing is only used during a declared interstellar
down into four main levels: Single Ship Operations, war, and has not been seen since the Four Years War.
Squadron Operations, Battle Group Operations, and War
Operations. Before studying Klingon tactics, it is neces- SINGLE SHIP OPERATIONS
sary to have a working understanding of the differences Single ship operations are quite common in the Imperi-
between these types of operations. Basic Naval Units, a al Navy, but not as common as they are in Starfleet. In
Klingon cadet training publication written by Captain most cases a cruiser (the famous D-7 class is a favorite,
Kizanti and obtained in secret by Federation codebreak- although the D-20 is also popular on the Romulan bor-
ers during the last few months of the Four Years War, der) or a frigate (the L-9 is a popular choice) is de-
offers the best descriptions of these groups. It is quoted tached from an existing squadron and sent out on a raid.
at length below. The flagship is almost never detached in this case. These
ships are often declared privateers in an effort to re-
SINGLE SHIP OPERATIONS move any ties to the empire. This sort of single ship raid-
Simply what the name implies. A single ship is often ing is more common on the Romulan-Klingon border than
sent out to explore a new section of space. This often it is on the Federation borders, due mainly to the Or-
occurs when the commander of the ship in question is ganian Treaty and the fact that the Klingons can usually
considered a threat by someone high up in the Klingon hire Orion pirates to do their dirty work near the Feder-
power structure. This can also refer to an unescorted ation.
raid or an important courier mission. The only hard, fast A second type of single ship operation has become
rule is that only one ship is involved. more common since the purported Klingon-Romulan
Teleological Exchange of Stardate 2270, which gave the
SQUADRON OPERATIONS Klingons the cloaking device. Since that time the Klingons
This refers to a mission undertaken by a squadron. In have been sending small scout-type ships into UFP space
Klingon naval jargon, a squadron is a group of three on an assortment of missions. This sort of operation, for
ships (five if the ships in question are gunboats or es- obvious reasons, is not covered in any of the Klingon
corts) that operates as a unit. It is usually commanded manuals captured at this time, but it is safe to assume
by a captain who holds the title "squadron leader." This that such missions are espionage-oriented.
concept is examined in depth later. A final, almost traditional single-ship mission is that of
the scout ship. Like their Federation counterparts,
BATTLE GROUP OPERATIONS Klingon scout and survey ships often venture deep into
Battle group is a group of squadrons placed under a unknown space alone. These are considered high-risk
unified command, usually that of an admiral. The mini- missions, and the rate of returning ships versus out-
mum of squadrons necessary to make up a battle group going ships is low.
is two, and the maximum is three. A battle group can There are no established tactical doctrines for single-
contain from six to nine ships (ten to fifteen in the case ship operations. In his definitive work, The Mailed Fist:
of gunboats or escorts). Warfare in Space, Klingon Fleet Admiral Kostantin states
that individual ship actions must be left to the skill of the
captain involved. “It is this one's opinion that raiding
WAR OPERATIONS

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 153
missions can and should be used to screen captains, so around a D-IO heavy cruiser and has two D-18 destroy-
that the skilled may continue and the scum be eliminat- ers attached for support. Kaz's Squadron operates
ed." This statement shows that the Klingon High Com- mainly along the Romulan border.
mand considers such operations to be tests of a cap- Regardless of the composition of a squadron, they all
tain's skill. As such it is safe to say that they will always operate in a similar fashion. Klingon squadrons travel in
be part of the Imperial Navy. a formation known as k'azi, or the arrowhead. This is
simply a wedge-shaped formation, like a triangle, with
SQUADRON OPERATIONS one ship at each of the three corners. Squadrons of
Squadron operations are very common in the Imperial gunboats or escorts usually travel in the arrowhead
Navy, and have been covered by Klingon tacticians in formation, but with additional ships on the sides. If a
great detail. As mentioned earlier, a squadron consists tender is accompanying a squadron, it is kept in the hol-
of three (or five) ships under a unified command. Unlike low center of the arrowhead. The ship at the point of the
those in Starfleet, Klingon squadrons are named after formation is usually the squadron flagship.
their commander: "Kolar's Squadron," for example. De- The tactics used by squadrons are often defined by
pending on the scope of an assigned mission, it is possi- their commanding officers in the moment, tempered only
ble for a squadron to have a fleet tender (S-4 or S-5 by the needs of the empire and tactical considerations
class ship) assigned to it. This only takes place on ex- (like being outnumbered). Klingon squadron leaders have
tended independent operations (see below). shown a strong preference for hit-and-run tactics. They
The composition of an individual squadron varies, but
there are some basic ground rules. One of the most
common, and famous, groupings involves three D-7
cruiser variants. This has proven to be one of the most
flexible groupings in the Klingon Navy, especially since
the addition of the D-7M to the Klingon inventory. As a
general rule, cruisers tend to be placed in squadrons
together, with the exception of the D-10 class vessels.
These ships, in addition to the L-6, L-9, and L-42 class
frigates, are usually placed in a squadron with two de-
stroyer-class ships (the D-2, D-14, and D-18 classes are
popular) as escorts. A squadron centered around either
a D-1O or one of the frigates is a very powerful fighting
force. Gunboats and smaller ships operate in squadrons
of five ships. It is worth noting that scout-class ships will Late-model D-16, scanned near Tasor in 2266.
occasionally form squadrons, but never battle groups.
To give Starfleet officers an idea of a typical squadron, like to swoop down on their enemies and strike without
let us look at one of the Klingons' best; Kolar's Squadron, warning. To achieve this tactical surprise (which is high-
currently stationed on the Orion border. Kolar's Squad- ly praised in all Klingon tactical works), Klingon captains
ron is made up of D-7 cruiser-class ships: a D-7M (the will go to great lengths. When ambushing convoys they
flagship), a D-7A, and a D-7G. Since Kolar's Squadron is like to hide their ships in asteroid belts, using remote
intended to be capable of mounting independent patrols, sensor drones to keep track of their target.
it has an S-5 class tender attached to it. An example of a If it is impossible (or not practical) to achieve sur-
heavier squadron is Kaz's Squadron, which is centered prise, Klingon squadrons will often attack at once, form-

The Four Years War and Romulan War Technical Manual 154
ing a line abreast out of the arrowhead formation. Such In some cases a squadron sent on an independent op-
an attack is very dangerous to most Starfleet ships, eration is given a specific goal or mission. In this case,
regardless of the class of the attacking Klingon ships, combat will usually be avoided until after the mission is
due to the massive firepower Klingon vessels have in carried out. This is one of the few cases when a Klingon
forward positions. Certain ships, notably the D-16 de- ship will actually refuse combat regardless of the cir-
stroyer, have shown a definite preference for the line cumstances.
abreast attack, as it gives them a chance to concentrate As might be expected, the most popular squadron for
their massive missile firepower. independent operations is the traditional D-7 grouping. In
To the average squadron commander, Klingon warfare recent years, though, the L-9 squadrons have gained a
stresses movement. Thus, during battle, a Klingon squad- reputation for successful combined operations that ri-
ron will spend a great deal of time trying to get behind vals that of the D-7.
their foes or in some way confuse them. If Klingon It should be noted that Klingons do take prisoners, but
squadron leaders feel that they are being outmaneu- only if it is practical or necessary. They will attack any
vered, they will often attempt to disengage. To the ship, armed or not, that ventures into space claimed by
Klingons this is not cowardly, but it is an attempt to save the empire. They will also attack ships that are more
valuable resources for the empire. Such movement war- powerful than their squadron, simply to prove that it can
fare is more common in the destroyer squadrons, since be done.
their light weapons load (compared to the cruisers) An additional note is required concerning the position/
makes movement their best weapon. title of squadron leader in the Imperial Navy. While the
The advent of the cloaking device has added a new squadron leader usually holds the rank of captain, he is
dimension to Klingon squadron tactics. Ships that are the leader of his squadron. This is understood by Klingon
equipped with this device are always posted together, officers, and the title “Squadron Leader” is used instead
and form their own squadrons. One of the most effective of “Captain” in this case.
cloaked squadrons is Kilistz's Squadron, known through-
out the Triangle for their jet-black D-14 destroyers, BATTLE GROUP OPERATIONS
Cloaked squadrons, or invisible squadrons as the Battle group tactics are similar to squadron tactics.
Klingons call them, will deploy to their patrol area, cloak, The firepower tends to be greater, especially if the battle
and wait in ambush for a predetermined amount of time. group is commanded by an admiral in a battleship, but
Then they will move on to their next area and repeat the the general purpose remains the same. As mentioned
process until their patrol cycle ends. above, a battle group is simply two to three squadrons
There is a final type of squadron operations that is placed under unified command, usually that of an admi-
rather unique to Klingon tactical doctrine. This is the ral. The individual squadrons still exist, but they are now
concept of independent operations. In normal circum- part of a numbered battle group. For example; Kolar's
stances a squadron operates out of a base, be it a star- Squadron, Kaz's Squadron, and Kilistz's Squadron are
base or a defense outpost. On independent operations, unified under the command of Admiral Kutan as Battle
the squadron is cut loose from all support and operates Group One. In addition to the ships belonging to the indi-
on its own. For these operations one or more tenders vidual squadrons, Battle Group One contains three ten-
are added to the squadron to help maintain the ships. ders and the admiral's flagship, the Emperor's Fist. Such
The crews are expected to forage for supplies; this usu- a battle group would only be formed during a crisis situ-
ally involves convoy raiding. Most of the famous raiding ation, and would not remain in existence long. It is worth
expeditions undertaken by Imperial forces were done as noting that the three-squadron version is much more
independent operations. common than the weaker version. Klingons believe in

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concentrating their striking power as much as possible. squadrons involved is always an assault squadron. This
Battle groups travel in a unique formation. Each squad- assault squadron is composed of anywhere from one to
ron remains in an arrowhead, but these smaller arrow- four assault ships of either the T-5 or T-12 class. The
heads are combined to form what is known as a “grand assault group is only used when a small planet is to be
arrowhead.” In such a formation the strongest squadron invaded or reinforced. It is a rare formation in the Impe-
is placed at the point, with the weaker squadrons forming rial Navy, and is seldom seen near Federation borders.
the corners. In the hollow center of this formation is the Independent operations are seldom undertaken by bat-
flagship and any tenders assigned to the battle group. tle groups for the simple reason that they are too large
During combat the grand arrowhead, like the smaller to be effective in such a function. The simple fact that
version, is converted into a line abreast. battleships are often included in battle groups precludes
Battle group tactics stress shock over surprise, as the their use on independent operations since a battleship
Klingon tacticians feel that such a large formation would represents too much of an investment to be risked in
have a hard time sneaking up on anyone. When a Klingon such a fashion. Experience has also shown Klingon tacti-
battle group goes into combat, each squadron tries to cians that battle groups are too hard to support away
locate the opposing flagship and destroy it. In some cases from major repair facilities for the length of time an in-
a single squadron will be given this duty, while the other dependent operation requires.
squadron(s) and the flagship engage the opposing ships. This is not to say that battle groups do not operate on
Admiral Kutan, one of the Imperial Navy's newest tacti- their own. One of the prime requirements of a battle
cians, has evolved a new doctrine known as las'ti' chitan, group is that it should be able to support itself in a com-
literally "disunified command." According to this popular bat environment for a reasonable length of time. In any
doctrine, the flagship and its attending admiral exercise case, the planners in the Imperial Klingon Navy have de-
control over the battle group only during non-combat cided that the battle group is not suited for independent
situations. During combat, the separate squadrons act as operations, and thus it is never seen on them. The rea-
individual units. This gives the Klingons some immunity sons for this decision are more political than military, as
from the problems that can result from the destruction a battle group is considered much too powerful to be
of a flagship. It also conforms to the Klingon doctrine of trusted under independent command conditions.
mobile warfare, as it allows each squadron to act as it It is worth noting here that it would be possible for the
would in squadron combat. This disunified command ap- Klingons to form an invisible squadron. Given the number
proach often gives defending Starfleet officers the im- of ships in the Imperial Navy that are fitted with cloaking
pression that they are being attacked by more ships than devices, such a formation would be quite powerful. Such
they really are. a group might be organized as follows: 1L-13D battleship,
If one of the squadrons in a battle group is an invisible the flagship; Kinin's Squadron (2 D-7 cruisers and 1 D-7
squadron, things often proceed differently. Disunified cruiser); Kuln's Squadron (3 D-32 cruisers); and Kija's
command is never used in such a case; instead, an am- Squadron (1 K-22 scout and 2 D-14 destroyers). No ten-
bush is set. Any ships that are able to cloak (at least ders or assault ships would be attached, unless specially
three) do so, and the rest of the battle group act as bait, modified versions with cloaking devices became available.
attempting to lead any enemy ships into the cloaked Please note that all the squadrons mentioned above do
ships' weapons arcs. Then the waiting ships uncloak and exist. It is possible that the Klingons have in fact used
the fleeing vessels turn suddenly and open fire. such a battle group. If it did exist, Battle Group Five (a
In addition to the usual battle group, the Klingons often designation commonly floated around the halls of Star-
use a very similar formation known as an assault group. fleet Intelligence) would be primarily a raiding/espionage
This is similar to a battle group, except that one of the unit.

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 universe. Though Admiral Kutan might be exaggerating,
WAR OPERATIONS the sight of anywhere from thirty to one hundred fighting
The final tactical unit used by the Klingon Navy is the starships forming a battle line must be truly awesome.
war operations unit. This is one of the largest, and rar- Since the war fleet is so rare, it is difficult to find any
est, groupings in the Klingon Navy. It has not been seen established guidelines for its use in combat. It can be
by the Federation since the Four Years War. assumed, though, that it acts like a large version of the
A war fleet is composed of any number of (usually battle group. It is unlikely that disunified command would
from four to eight) battle groups and assault groups. be used with a force of this size. War fleets never en-
This entire force is placed under the command of either gage in independent operations.
three admirals and two generals or two thought admi- Given the size of the Klingon Empire, it is probable that
rals and two generals. The generals are included in the there are other tactical doctrines in existence that the
chain of command for the simple reason that they com- Federation is not yet aware of. The existence of another
mand all the Imperial Marines on the assault ships, and Klingon foe to coreward (revealed by findings of Opera-
they handle the land actions. A war fleet travels in a tion Dixie) and the fact that certain classes of Klingon
special box formation known as K'nan'oltaz, or the Em- vessels (the D-20 class cruisers and the K-24 and K-27
peror's Fortress. This box is formed by individual battle class escorts being three good examples) are almost
groups acting as the sides with the assault groups, the never encountered by Starfleet ships make this almost
command squadron (two battleships—of either type— certain. Thus Starfleet officers must always be on their
and one L42A or B frigate escort), and the support guard when facing Klingon vessels. It is a common saying
squadron (any tenders and mobile repair facilities) in among Starfleet captains that, when dealing with the
the center of this fortress. Klingon Empire, it’s always possible that your ship might
A war fleet forming up for combat is, according to be a test subject for a new Klingon tactical idea.
Admiral Kutan, one of the most impressive sights in the

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Selected Klingon Vessels

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D-16 “Swiftwind”
The D-16, by far the most widely used destroyer in the Klingon Imperial Navy, is found in every region of Klingon space
and in the Triangle. There are even reports of D-16 groups accompanying research efforts in the spinward areas.
Like other Klingon vessels, the D-16 has the command pod forward of the main hull, though the boom or neck is consid-
erably smaller than on other designs. The thin neck has no storage compartments or uses other than to contain a hori-
zontal turbolift. The pod has a jettison mechanism coupled with a small impulse drive system, but, unlike other self-
contained pods, it contains no weapons. All the bridge crew quarters are located in the pod, as are food synthesizers and
life-support systems.
The main hull of the D-16 is very large and spacious, featuring a very effective compartmented design to reduce decom-
pressive explosion in case of penetration. The warp drives are mounted at the outer edge of the wings, giving the ship a
gull-wing appearance and its nickname. The warp engines may be jettisoned in case of an overload, leaving the hull to
operate with its impulse drive system located center-aft. Inside the hull, forward of the impulse drive, is the engineering
section for the entire ship, occupying a roomy eight decks. Forward of engineering, in the center-forward area of the
main hull just above the connecting point for the boom, is the impressive shuttlebay, containing space for twelve shuttle-
craft, more than most major warships. The beam weapons are mounted on the underside of the main hull, with the for-
ward-firing KD-5s at the corners and center of the hull and the aft-firing KD-14 centrally mounted; in later models, the KD-
14 is mounted on the bottom of the torpedo bay.

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D-4 “Predator”

The D-4, predecessor to the famed D-7 class, pioneered the command pod forward design that has become the stand-
ard for most modern Klingon warships. The class was introduced on stardate 2230 with the commissioning of eight ships,
which had been produced at the alarming rate of one per month at facilities operating as if under wartime production
orders. This was a clear signal that the Klingons were either preparing for a war with either Romulan or Federation forc-
es, or were involved in a conflict along an unknown border. Only recently, because of intelligence gained from Operation
Dixie, has it come to light that the Klingons were in fact being attacked by an unknown enemy along their coreward border.
During this conflict the D-4 saw extensive action and went through several different modifications, many of which were
never brought into production. This conflict ended somewhere around 2240, slowing further development.
The D4 was filled to capacity with heavy weaponry and shielding, deuterium and antimatter fuels, and the largest, most
powerful reactors in the Klingon inventory. However, the weight-power curves of the Klingon M/AM reactors were still
relatively shallow, meaning that a given increase in reactor weight resulted in only a similar or lesser increase in reactor
power output. In contrast, Federation M/AM reactors during this period were doubling in power output every 15 years
while remaining the same size or becoming smaller.
Although the D4's dual-reactor configuration freed the M/AM reactor of the "responsibility" of providing all power for
the warp drive, the weight and performance penalties of carrying two full-sized reactors were considerable. The D4, with
a maximum speed of warp 4.8, was certainly faster than the earlier D3, but was still marginally slower than comparable
fusion-powered Romulan vessels at maximum speed. Furthermore, because of its immense size, the D4 maneuvered ex-
tremely poorly at warp and responded even more sluggishly at impulse speeds. Therefore, unless great advances were
made in reactor efficiency, warp-field dynamics, or spaceframe strength, the Klingons could never hope to build ships
that could hold their own in combat against the best of the Federation or even of the Romulan Empire.
Because of valid concerns that the ballooning size and weight of the weapons, reactors, and fuel would further compro-
mise performance, the designers of the D4 made the decision to compromise crew comfort and safety as well. Facilities
and living spaces for the ships' large crews were severely limited, the thickness of reactor shielding was decreased, and
backup systems were removed. As a result, service aboard D4s was brutal and harsh, and crews occasionally mutinied
rather than endure the squalid conditions for cruises lasting months or years. Several captains, often incompetent sons
of Great Houses, are said to have been killed after venturing into their ship's stifling, fetid lower decks without armed
bodyguards.

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D-6 “Stalker”
Design work on a new Klingon strike cruiser to support this new offensive doctrine was started in 2236. The resulting D-
6 cruiser, which entered service in 2241, was a radical change from the preceding D-5 class, both internally and external-
ly. All ship's systems were designed to provide extremely high levels of performance with little regard for long-term relia-
bility. To reduce weight, the only warp reactor carried was a compact third-generation M/AM reactor of completely
Klingon design that could sustain output at near-maximal levels for approximately 150 hours without shutdown. However,
after operating at such levels for a total of 500 hours, overhaul in dry dock was required to prevent catastrophic mal-
function. The relatively large nacelles (accounting for nearly half of total displacement) were able to handle extremely
high levels of channeled power and achieve maximum speeds for days at a time. However, their warp coils had to be re-
placed after a stunningly short 250,000 Cochrane-hours. (In contrast, contemporary Federation nacelles were normally
rated for at least 10 million Cochrane-hours.) Therefore, the warp coils would be entirely depleted by cruising at warp 7
for less than thirty days.
Other aspects of the ship also reflected its short-range strike role. Although the D-6 carried a fusion reactor, it was
small and powered only the impulse drive, energetic shielding, and beam weaponry. The impulse drive was a high-capacity,
high-consumption system which, again, was designed to provide extremely high thrust levels for short periods of time.
Crew quarters and life-support machinery were decreased to the minimum necessary for strike missions lasting, at
most, one or two months. The command head, which mounted a powerful disruptor cannon on its midline and smaller dis-
ruptors under the brim of the "hat," was separated from the engineering hull by a neck 60 m long but only 14 m wide. The
34-m-wide engineering hull itself was barely large enough to house the M/AM reactor, AM containment bottles, deuterium
tanks, and the small fusion reactor. The engineering hull retained the deep rear-ventral fantail of the D-5. The wings sup-
porting the warp nacelles were also of new "cranked" configuration that would be characteristic of later Klingon designs:
the inner wings section had a slight upper-surface anhedral (13 degrees) but were swept back 62 degrees. In contrast,
the outer wing sections were swept back only 46 degrees but were angled downward 28 degrees.
As soon as the design for the D-6 was finalized, large-scale production started at three Klingon shipyards, each con-
trolled by a different Great House. By early 2241, some thirty D-6 cruisers had been constructed. The Klingon High Council
was extremely pleased by the D-6's performance in trials: in its supercruise mode, the D-6 was able to sustain a speed of
warp 7.6 and cross a five-light-year distance between neighboring star systems in less than five days. The D-6's maxi-
mum speed of warp 7.9 made it marginally faster than the Federation's fastest ships of the time.

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D-7 “Painbringer”
The D-7 is probably the most infamous cruiser ever to stalk the spacelanes. These ships are associated with death and
destruction on a scale second to none. When first introduced, these vessels captured the minds and spirits of the Klingon
commanders so fully that for many years they were the symbol of Klingon tyranny.
This design was developed from the earlier D-4 cruiser and incorporated all its most popular features. The command
pod mounted forward on the boom assembly and the wing-like main hull were changed slightly in the design, but all the
basic concepts were retained. In all models, the command pod can be jettisoned in case of emergency. A small micro-
impulse drive system, mounted into the pod just for such emergencies, allows the pod to maneuver itself and travel short
distances in hopes of rescue. A pod can maintain the life-support systems and operate the short-range sensors and
weapons for up to one year. One of the main features of the pod is the disruptors mounted below the bridge: these weap-
ons will give protection from hostiles and also allow for the self-destruction of the pod if capture is imminent.
The secondary bridge, weapons control, and all engineering facilities are located in the main hull. Separated from the
command pod, this section of the vessel is capable of maintaining fully functional life-support, weapons, and engine sys-
tems for up to two years. Of course, this section is capable of warp speeds and will effect its own rescue much quicker
than can the command pod. Within the engineering section of the main hull are the matter/antimatter mix chambers, little
shielded, as servitor races man the engineering compartments of most Klingon vessels. All D-7 models are capable of
jettisoning the warp engines in case of an uncontrolled mix in the matter/antimatter chamber. This would leave the ship
with only the impulse engines for power. In most cases where warp engines have had to be ejected, the command pod has
been separated first to ensure the captain will be safe.
In the center section of the main hull are compartments containing hypothermia capsules for the marines. The troops
are kept in a frozen state until they are needed, which reduces the requirement for food and life support and thus pro-
longs the on-station time of the ship.

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D-9 “Seeker”
The D-9 cruiser was brought into service during the Four Years War to act as a research vessel. For years, the Klingon
Empire had been halted in its attempts at expansion. To the rimward lay the Federation; toward the trailing arm were the
Romulans; and it has been speculated that to the coreward lay some unknown power able to hold the Klingons in check.
This left the spinward area, as yet not fully explored. Expansion into this void had been slow due to the great distances
from the homeworld of Q’onos and the apparent lack of suitable worlds for conquest, but the desire to outflank the Feder-
ation altered that. The newly constructed D-9 cruiser was intended to lead this effort.
The D-9A prototype was considered to be undergunned and was dropped from production even before it had been com-
missioned. An up-gunned version, the D-9B with mainly defensive weaponry, was commissioned in 2255 and was immedi-
ately sent into the new expansion area. These ships and their accompanying scout ships were to map new areas and eval-
uate the cultural levels of any races encountered. The war with the Federation ended one year after the D-9Bs entered
service, and the sense of urgency for the flanking expansion effort diminished. The flanking movement is portrayed in a
Starfleet commanders’ test known as Operation Armageddon.
Considered by most to be a failed design, it was reportedly still in service in the Triangle as of the late 2270s.

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D-10 “Riskadh”
On stardate 2254, the D-10 cruiser, the design of which was strongly influenced by the D-7, was commissioned into ser-
vice. The Klingon Imperial Command hoped to counter Starfleet's Constitution-class cruisers with this new vessel. The
Four Years War was in its second year, and the Klingons had learned some of their lessons well. The D-10 featured a stur-
dy superstructure and the most effective shields the empire had to offer. The fore- and aft-mounted disruptors were far
superior to the Federation lasers, but were not as destructive as the Federation's accelerator cannons. As soon as pro-
duction began, the D-10As were rapidly sent into the Four Years War, where they proved to be the most powerful and
feared ships in the Klingon Imperial Navy.
The D-10 used the same command pod as the D-7, thus eliminating the need for additional production facilities. Like the
D-7’s pod, that of the D-10 is capable of being jettisoned and has similar sublight maneuvering and life-support capabili-
ties. In 2255, Starfleet captured a pod that had been jettisoned during the Battle of Kesse months earlier; the crew were
alive and as well as could be expected.
The main hull of the early D-10s contains the engineering section, shuttlebays, crew quarters, and assault troop hypo-
thermia capsules; later models have no troop-carrying capabilities but instead have large research facilities. The warp
engines are mounted on short pylons and are jettisonable. With the additional removal of the hypothermia capsules, the
ship is capable of running on its impulse power alone for up to one year. The shuttle hangars are located on the upper
wing surface of the main hull and are seen as two large doors. Directly aft of these doors are located the aft-firing dis-
ruptors; aft-firing photon torpedo tubes are located at the stern of the vessel just below the impulse exhaust port.
The D-10 is the only Klingon warship whose class name honors a Klingon family line: the Riskadh line, which died with its
founder, Kahless the Unforgettable, the greatest of all emperors. D-10s are manufactured at the Taamar, Gnuu Re',
Fonawl, Z'hai, and Mustaka facilities. The combined production rate is fourteen D-10Ds, twelve D-10Gs, and ten D-10Hs per
year.
The model used a powerful warp engine, but mounted a fairly weak impulse system, the only real shortcoming of the
vessel; the main engines allowed the ships to cruise at warp 6, with emergency speeds as high as warp 8. The weapons
system consisted of six individually-mounted KD-6 disruptors and two aft-mounted KD-3s, giving the cruiser an offensive
range capability 80,000 km greater than Federation warships.

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T-3 “Mover”
The T-3 Mover was an attempt to design a spaceborne “landing craft” capable of hauling soldiers up to the planetary
“beaches” and disgorging them onto the surface where battle awaited. Underpowered, undergunned, and slow, it was only
effective when pitted against other assault ships, or the various monitors and cutters of the Federation and Romulan Em-
pire. Pitted against larger cruisers and frigates, the T-3 was an easy target. They were always escorted by frigates and,
later in the war, by heavy cruisers. As of 2276, no T-3s are in service, having been supplanted by superior designs and
lack of funding to keep the older hulls from falling into disrepair.

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