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Refraction ND Lenses

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes between different transparent materials, caused by changes in light speed. Lenses, which are curved pieces of transparent material, use refraction to focus or magnify images and are utilized in various applications such as cameras and eyeglasses. The document also contrasts reflection and refraction, highlighting their definitions, laws, surfaces, types, and examples.

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binadipremarathne2011
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25 views4 pages

Refraction ND Lenses

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes between different transparent materials, caused by changes in light speed. Lenses, which are curved pieces of transparent material, use refraction to focus or magnify images and are utilized in various applications such as cameras and eyeglasses. The document also contrasts reflection and refraction, highlighting their definitions, laws, surfaces, types, and examples.

Uploaded by

binadipremarathne2011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Refraction

Refraction of Light
What is Refraction?

Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one transparent material to another (like air to
water). This happens because light changes speed when it enters a new medium.

Why Does Refraction Happen?

• Light travels at different speeds in different materials.

• It moves fastest in air, slower in water, and even slower in glass.

• When light moves from air to water (or glass), it slows down and bends towards the
normal.

• When light moves from water (or glass) to air, it speeds up and bends away from the
normal.

1
Important Rule in Refraction

• If light enters perpendicularly (at 90° to the surface), it does not bend.

• If light enters at an angle, it bends towards or away from the normal.

Effects of Refraction

1. Objects in water appear closer than they actually are.

o Light bends as it leaves the water, making the object look higher.

2. Mirages on roads in hot weather.

o Hot air near the ground bends light from the sky, making it look like water on the
road.

Lenses and How They Work


What are Lenses?
Lenses are curved pieces of transparent material (like glass or plastic) that bend light.

How Do Lenses Work?

Lenses refract light to change the way we see objects. They are used in:

• Cameras – to focus images.

• Microscopes – to magnify tiny objects.

• Telescopes – to make distant objects look closer.

• Eyeglasses – to correct vision problems.

• Theater spotlights – to focus light beams.

2
Types of Lenses

1. Converging Lens (Convex Lens)

o Curved outward.

o Brings light rays together at a focal point.

o Used in magnifying glasses, cameras, and microscopes.

2. Diverging Lens (Concave Lens)

o Curved inward.

o Spreads light rays apart.

o Used in some types of eyeglasses to correct vision.

3
Real-Life Applications of Reflection and Refraction

• Mirrors in vehicles – Use reflection to help drivers see behind.

• Eyeglasses and contact lenses – Use refraction to correct vision.

• Cameras and microscopes – Use lenses to focus images.

• Underwater objects appearing closer – Due to refraction.

• Rainbows – Formed by refraction of light in raindrops.

• Mirages in deserts – Created by refraction in hot air layers.

Summary Table: Reflection vs. Refraction

Feature Reflection Refraction

Definition Light bouncing off a surface Light bending when passing through a
medium

Law Angle of incidence = Angle of Light bends towards/away from the normal
reflection

Surfaces Mirrors, smooth surfaces Glass, water, lenses, air

Types Specular and Diffuse Converging (convex) and Diverging (concave)

Examples Mirrors, shiny surfaces Eyeglasses, cameras, rainbows

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