*MICROPROCESSORS*

Presented by Aditya raj

Roll No.-02
B.C.A. Sem II
2024-27
*Points to be discussed:
1. Introduction of microprocessor.
2. History of microprocessor.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of microprocessors.
4. Types of microprocessors.
5. Applications of microprocessors.
 1.Introduction to microprocessors
Microprocessors are the central processing unit (C.P.U.) of a computer which
help it to execute instructions, processing data, and managing other
components.
In short it is the brain of a computer.

The micro word is used to denote atom like things. Since

microprocessors are coming into a single chip format which make them
smaller in size that's why they are known as microprocessors.
The microprocessor reads instructions from memory, decodes
them, and then executes them, performing tasks like calculations,
data processing, and managing peripherals.

It's a miniaturized electronic circuit built on a single silicon chip,

containing millions or billions of transistors.

The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control

circuitry required to perform the functions of a computer's central
processing unit.
 2.History of microprocessor
Early Developments
1. 1950s-1960s: The first integrated circuits (ICs) were developed, paving the way for the
creation of microprocessors.
2. 1969-1970: Ted Hoff and Stanley Mazor at Intel Corporation developed the first microprocessor
the intel 4004.
Generations of microprocessors
Intel 4004 (1971)
First-Generation microprocessors (1971-1978) Intel 8008 (1972)
Zaloga Z80 (1976)
Intel 8086 (1978)
Second-Generation microprocessors (1978-1985) Motorola 68000 (1979)
Intel 80386 (1985)
RISC (1980s)
Modern microprocessors (1985-Present)
Platinum processors (1993)
Multi-core processors (2005)
 3.Advantages and disadvantages of microprocessors
Q. Why are we using microprocessors as a processors instead of traditional
processors?

Microprocessors offer several advantages, including their Speed and Accuracy, flexibility and
versatility, low power consumption, portability, reliability, ease of maintenance are much
batter than the traditional processors that's why nowadays we are using microprocessors as a
processor.

They are smaller in size.

It has some disadvantages too:- When we use microprocessors for a long time its produces
heat, which will affect the speed of the device and also affect on other circuits.

Since it is a powerful processor so it needs sufficient power to work properly, otherwise it will
not be able to work properly.
 4. Types of Microprocessors.
Microprocessors can be classified into several types based on their
architecture, instruction set, and application.

*Based on Architecture

1. CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing):-Examples include x86

processors.

2. RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing):- Examples include ARM,

PowerPC, and MIPS processors.

3. EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing):-These microprocessors use

a combination of compiler and hardware techniques to extract parallelism
from instructions. Examples include IA-64 processors
*Based on Application

1. General-purpose microprocessors:-These microprocessors are designed for

general-purpose computing and are used in personal computers, laptops, and
servers. Examples include x86 and ARM processors.

2. Embedded microprocessors:- These microprocessors are designed for specific

applications such as industrial control, automotive, and consumer electronics.
Examples include microcontrollers and system-on-chip (SoC) designs.

3. Special-purpose microprocessors:- These microprocessors are designed for

specific applications such as graphics processing, digital signal processing, and
artificial intelligence. Examples include GPUs and TPUs.
*Based on Bit Size

1. 8-bit microprocessors:- These microprocessors can process 8-bit data and are
often used in simple embedded systems.

2. 16-bit microprocessors:- These microprocessors can process 16-bit data and

are often used in more complex embedded systems.

3. 32-bit microprocessors:- These microprocessors can process 32-bit data and

are often used in general-purpose computing and embedded systems.

4. 64-bit microprocessors:- These microprocessors can process 64-bit data and

are often used in high-performance computing, servers, and data centers.
• Other Type

1. Microcontrollers:-These are small microprocessors that include memory,

input/output peripherals, and other components on a single chip.

2. System-on-Chip (SoC):- These are microprocessors that integrate multiple

components such as CPU, memory, and peripherals on a single chip.

3. Digital Signal Processors (DSPs):- These microprocessors are designed for

digital signal processing applications such as audio and image processing.
 5.Applications of microprocessors.
Microprocessors have a wide range of applications across various fields.
*Consumer Electronics
Smartphones:-Microprocessors power smartphones, enabling computing,
communication, and entertainment.
Personal Computers:- Desktops, laptops, and tablets rely on microprocessors for
processing and computing.
Gaming Consoles:- Microprocessors drive gaming performance, graphics, and
gameplay.
*Industrial Automation
Control Systems:- Microprocessors control and monitor industrial processes,
such as manufacturing, robotics, and process control.
Robotics:- Microprocessors enable robots to perform tasks, interact with
environments, and make decisions.
*Medical Devices
Medical Imaging:-Microprocessors power medical imaging devices, such as MRI
and CT scanners. Patient Monitoring: Microprocessors monitor patient vital
signs, track health metrics, and alert healthcare professionals.
Portable Medical Devices:-Microprocessors enable portable medical devices,
such as insulin pumps and portable defibrillators.
*Automotive
Engine Control Units (ECUs):-Microprocessors control engine performance, fuel
efficiency, and emissions.
Infotainment Systems:-Microprocessors power in-car entertainment,
navigation, and communication systems.
Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS):-Microprocessors enable features
like lane departure warning, adaptive cruise control, and automatic emergency
braking.
*Other Applications
Aerospace:- Microprocessors are used in spacecraft, satellites, and aircraft
control systems. Military: Microprocessors are used in military communication,
navigation, and surveillance systems.
IoT Devices:- Microprocessors enable Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as
smart home devices, wearables, and industrial sensors. These are just a few
examples of the many applications of microprocessors. Their versatility,
performance, and low cost make them an essential component in many modern
technologies.

That’s all Thank you so much