Basic 1

Abril 2025 – Agosto 2025

1
 CONTENT

UNIT 1. LIFE EXPERIENCES

Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
Vocabulary: Temporary and Present
permanent actions Temporary and
7-12 continuous vs.
permanent actions
Reading: Marta’s life simple present
Vocabulary: Temporary and Present continuous Temporary and
1A. Do or Doing permanent actions vs. simple present permanent actions
Reading: Marta’s life
Listening: Spanish classes

Writing and speaking:

13-18
Activities
1B. Smell and Adjectives for
Vocabulary: Adjectives for sense Stative verbs
taste cappuccino sense
Reading: The smell of
.
adventure

Listening: Likes and dislikes

Speaking and writing: Like and

19-24
dislike

Vocabulary: Life Present perfect-

1C. Anything has
experiences affirmative-for- Life experiences
happened
Reading: Marco’s life experience since-already

Listening: For and since

Speaking: My life experiences

25-30 Writing: Replying an email

Vocabulary: Accidents and Present perfect

1D. Have you ever injuries Accidents and
simple- negative and
broken your leg? Reading: Common injuries in injuries
questions-yet- ever
teenagers and young adults
Listening: Injuries and accidents

Speaking: Asking and

answering questions

1E. Autonomous
31-35 Recalling topics Unit 1
work

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 UNIT 2. DANGEROUS HABITS
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
36-42 2A. I used to Vocabulary: Past habits Reading: Used to Past habits
smoke a lot! Bad Habits
Listening: What are your bad
habits?
Writing: Chito’s past habits

Speaking: Asking and answering

43-49 2B. Cartoons Vocabulary: Events and Past progressive Events and
Experiences experiences.
Reading: Cartoon
Listening: Risks
Speaking: Board game
Writing: Sara and Alberto

50-55 2C. Storytelling Vocabulary: When, while, as, as Past simple vs. When, while, as,
soon as past progressive as soon as
Reading: Becoming friend
Listening: Past
Continuous
Speaking: Picture
describing
Writing: Story
56-60 2D. I cut myself! Vocabulary: Accidents Present perfect Accidents
Reading: Email- describing an simple vs. simple
accident past
Listening: Injuries and accidents

Speaking: Asking and answering

questions
Writing: Writing an email

61-65 2E. Autonomous Recalling topics Unit 2

work

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 UNIT 3. RULES
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
66-73 3A. My recipe Vocabulary: Cooking verbs Quantifiers= Cooking verbs
Reading: Grilled Cheese some, any, no,
Sandwich much, many, a lot
of, lots of, few,
Listening: Eating at home little
Writing and speaking: My recipe

74-78 3B. The man who Vocabulary: Prefixes Relative Nouns formation.
sold the world Reading: A noisy neighborhood pronouns= who,
which, that
Listening: Conversation
Speaking and Writing: Relatives
clauses

79-84 3C. Advices Vocabulary: Personal Should- Personal

difficulties for young people shouldn’t-ought to difficulties
Reading: Blog- Dear - Maddy
Listening: Conversations
Speaking and writing: Giving
advices

85-90 3D. Obligation Vocabulary: University rules Modal verbs= University rules
and prohibition Reading: Prohibition and must, mustn’t,
obligations at universities in have to, don’t
Ecuador have to
Listening: Conversations about
obligation
Speaking: Talking about
prohibitions
Writing: Writing advices.

91-95 3E. Autonomous Recalling topics Unit 3

work

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 UNIT 4. INVENTIONS
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
96-101 4A. They could Vocabulary: Past abilities Could- couldn’t Past abilities
do it better! Reading: Abilities during
childhood
Listening: Sentences
Writing: Robert
Kiyosaki
Speaking: Describing a person,
you admire a lot
102-107 4B. Vocabulary: Inventions Past perfect Inventions
Amazing Reading: Most important affirmative
discoveries inventions for human’s beings
Listening: Inventions
Speaking and Writing: What I
had done before sleeping

108-113 4C. Great minds Vocabulary: Famous Past perfect- Famous inventors
inventors negative and
Reading: Hedy Lamarr question
Listening: Telephone
inventor
Speaking and Writing: What
had you done before something

114-119 4D. Changing the Vocabulary: Inventors Past perfect vs. Inventor’s
world. biography simple past biography
Reading: Tomas Edison
Listening: Inventors and
inventions
Speaking and Writing: A
famous inventor

120-123 4E. Autonomous Recalling topics Unit 4

work

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 UNIT 5. TECHNOLOGY
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
Vocabulary: Regular and
irregular nouns
5A. Smart Reading: Juan’s future life Future simple Regular and
124-131
devices Listening: Cellphone will irregular nouns
Writing and Speaking:
Predictions
Vocabulary: Technology
Technology
Reading: The Importance of
Technology in Education and .
5B. Daily Life Future tense will-
132-136
Technology Listening: Technology negative
Speaking and Writing:
predictions

Vocabulary: Life
experiences
Reading: The Benefits of
Artificial Intelligence in Our Simple future
5C. Artificial Lives tense-Will-
137-142 AI
intelligence Listening: Artificial interrogative
intelligence form
Speaking: Asking and answering
questions
Writing: Replying an email
Vocabulary: Abilities Reading:
James ability Listening: Software
5D. Speaking: Asking and answering
143-148 Technological questions Be able to Abilities
capabilities Writing: Writing sentences

149-150 5E. Autonomous Recalling topics Unit 5

work

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 UNIT 1
LIFE EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will be able to:

1. Use simple present and present continuous to

describe both permanent and temporary actions.
2. Express their likes and dislikes using stative verbs.
3. Talk about their life experiences and past events
using the present perfect tense.
4. Ask and answer questions about personal
experiences.

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 OCABU

UNIT Life Experiences Lesson

1 1A
Do or Doing

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures and read the phrases in the box. Then, match them with
the right image.

2. Classify the activities above into temporary and permanent actions. Then, add more examples

Temporary actions Permanent actions

Permanent actions are often done for a long period of time.

Temporary actions are often done for a shorter period of time
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 B. GRAMMAR: SIMPLE PRESENT VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Simple present refers to actions that happens regularly or habitually. These actions are fixed
habits or routines and they don’t change.
Examples
 I wake up at 7:00 AM every day.
 She doesn’t go to work on Mondays.
 Do they play tennis on weekends? No, they don’t
Present continuous refers to actions which are happening at the present moment, actions in
progress. but will soon finish.
Examples
 I am waking up right now.
 She isn’t going to work right now.
 Are they playing tennis right now? Yes, they are

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

3. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Use simple present
forms in affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms.

a) He (go) to school every day.

b) I (not play) musical instruments on weekends.
c) Tina (like) to watch romantic movies.
d) (she speak) English and Italian?
e) What (you/ do) for a living?
f) We (like) to eat pizza.
g) Joseph________________________(not play) soccer every day.
h) They__________(be) doctors. They (work) in a big hospital.
i) Where_______________________(he/ go) on weekends.
j) _______________(he/ hate) to watch TV?

4. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Use present
continuous forms in affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms.

a) She (play) tennis with her cousins right now.

b) Arthur ________________ (not read) a book at the moment.
c) Paul____________(swim) with their friends in this moment.
d) (they/ study) English?
e) What (they / do) now?
f) Helen and I (listen) to her favorite music right now.
g) (he /go) to the park now.
h) Where (it/ travel) right now?
i) Mr. Stevens (not play) cards with his family right now.
j) Why (you /visit) your friends at this moment.

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5. Read the statements and fill in the gaps with the correct tense between
simple present or present continuous. Use the verbs in parentheses.

a) What (they/ do) right now?

b) Sorry, you can't go to the party. You (study) for your lesson.
c) Janeth: "What (you /do) in the evenings?"
Mary: "Usually I watch TV or read a book."
d) My wife always (drink) green tea for breakfast, but I don't like it.
e) Sorry, Emily can't come to the phone right now. She (take) a bath.
f) Rachel is very lazy. She (do) his homework on time.
g) Monika___________(speak) English now, but she usually speaks French
at home.
h) Please don't talk to me. I (study) Math at this moment!
i) My friend is very clever. She (speak) four languages!
j) My brother usually (ride) his bike to school, but today he came by
car.

C. LISTENING

6. Listen to audio one and fill in the gap with the name of the right person who is
describing the sentence.

SPANISH CLASSES

Miko Rose Marie David Susan Maria Steve James

Wants to travel to Argentina.

Is from the South of Spain.
Asks Susan to make a question in Spanish.
Speaks Italian and French.
Is from Japan.
Is the teacher of 12 students in Spanish
class.
Has a good accent and is the best in the
class.
Feels stupid in Spanish classes.

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 D. READING

7. Read the text and underline the simple present tenses sentences and circle
present progressive tenses sentences.

Marta’s life
Marta Veloz is a 40-year-old woman from Mexico. She doesn’t date
with anybody, because she is married and has two children. She owns
a house with her husband, and they live with their two children.
Also, she has a dog named Max.

She lives in the USA and works as a doctor. She speaks English
fluently. Marta loves to travel. She has visited Europe many times
and she is always looking for new places to visit. Now, she is
planning to visit Paris next summer. She loves this city.

Marta is also a very active person. She enjoys playing sports, such
as tennis and swimming. She also likes to go to the movies with
her friends. Marta is always learning new things. She is currently studying online a
medicine specialization, and she is always trying to learn new words. Also, she is a
volunteer at the local hospital. She is always looking for ways to help others.

Marta is a very happy person. She loves her life, and she is grateful for everything she
has. She is a good wife, a good mother, and a good doctor. She is an inspiration to
everyone who knows her.

8. Read the text and choose the right option for each question.

a. Where is Marta Veloz from?

Mexico The United States Canada Spain

b.
What does Marta do for a living?
Teacher Engineer Doctor
Lawyer
c. What does she enjoy doing?
Watch TV Visit cities Live in Mexico Play sports

d. What city is Marta planning to visit next summer?

London Rome Madrid Paris

e. What is Marta currently studying?

English language History Medicine specialization Psychology

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 E. WRITING

8. Use the vocabulary and grammar sections to write sentences about your actions
or activities, temporary and permanent. Write 5 of each one, and remember to
use the correct grammatical tenses.

Temporary activities

Permanent activities

F. SPEAKING
9. Prepare a presentation about your life. Use the vocabulary,
grammar, and reading from this lesson to guide your speech.
It must be done in 1 minute in length. It has to be presented in
class and listeners need to ask questions regarding the
presentation. Students need to use simple present or present
continuous interrogative forms to make the questions.

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UNIT Life Experiences Lesson
1 1B
Smell and taste cappuccino

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the adjectives of the five senses in the picture. Then, guess which sense they
belong to.

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 2. Look at the adjectives for sense in the vocabulary section and use them to fill in the
blank space in each sentence—more than one option is possible.

a. This neighborhood seems ________________ at night.

b. This soup tastes too ______________ for me.
c. Freshly brewed coffee smells very _______________.
d. The city sounds _____________ even late at night.
e. The toast looks ______________; I think you left it in too
long.
f. Her new magazine feels _________________ and smooth.
g. The road sign appears _______________ from this distance.
h. This lemonade tastes too _____________ for my liking.
i. The fruit smells ________________; we should throw it away.
j. That spider looks ________________ and scary!
k. This fish feels _______________; is it fresh?
l. The marble feels ______________ under my fingers.

B. GRAMMAR STATIVE VERBS

Stative verbs
In English, there are two main types of verbs: stative verbs and dynamic verbs. Stative verbs
describe a state or condition, while dynamic verbs describe an action.
Stative verbs aren't usually used in the present continuous form.
Stative verbs are often used with adjectives and adverbs to describe a state or condition. For
example
"I am happy" "I am very happy." "The tea tastes sour."

Stative verbs often relate to:

 Thoughts and opinions: agree, believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, mean, recognize,
remember, suspect, think, understand.

 Feelings and emotions: dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish

 Senses and perceptions: appear, be, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, taste

 Possession and measurement: belong, have, measure, own, possess, weigh

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GRAMMAR EXERCISES

3. Choose the right option to fill in the gap of the sentences.

a) Are you making bread? It amazing.
smells smell is smelling
b) I they'll be here quite soon.
have imagined imagine am imagining
c) I'm sorry, I .
don’t understand Haven’t understood am not understanding
d) Sam thinks it's a good idea, and Ben .
will agree agrees is agreeing
e) I bad for him. I hope he recovers soon.
feel felt am feeling
f) Do you know what I ?
mean meant am meaning

Verbs that are sometimes stative and dynamic

Some verbs can refer to states or actions, depending on the context.

I think it's a good idea. ~ state Stative verb

Wait a moment! I'm thinking. ~ action Dynamic verb

The first sentence expresses an opinion. It is a mental state, so we use present simple.
In the second example the speaker is actively processing thoughts about something.
It is an action in progress, so we use present continuous.

Other verbs are

have, see, taste, be, agree, appear, doubt, feel, guess, hear, imagine, look, measure,
remember, smell, weigh, wish.

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 Stative vs dynamic verbs

4. Read carefully the statements and choose between stative verb form (simple
present) or dynamic verb form. (Present Continuous)

a) That can't be right. I you!

don't believe am not believing
b) My holiday's next week. I myself on the beach right now!
imagine am imagining
c) I changed the design slightly. What ?
do you think are you thinking
d) She's not answering. her phone with her?
Does she have Is she having
e) Fifty-three? Are you sure that's the answer, or ?
do you guess are you guessing
f) The film's on at 7 p.m. and 9 p.m. Which ?
do you prefer are you preferring
g) Where's Grandad? Oh, he the flowers in the garden.
Smells is smelling
h) I don't know, but I he'll win the election.
Doubt am doubting

C. LISTENING

5. Click on the link below and listen to Penelope and Roberto’s conversation. Then, tick on
the right person according to the statement. https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-second-
language-esl/472867

Statements Penelope Roberto

a) a. This person likes listening to pop music.

b) b. This person hates listening to classical
music.
c) c. This person likes reading adventurous
books.
d) d. This person likes reading history books.
e) e. This person loves practicing swimming
f) f. This person likes windsurfing.
g) g. This person doesn’t like watching
romantic films.

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 D. READING

6. Read the text carefully and choose the option that suits better the blank spaces.

The Smell of Adventure

A teenager named Max closes his eyes and takes a deep breath. The smell of the forest
is strong, and he can (1) the pine needles on his tongue. The sound of the
birds chirping in the trees is soothing, and he can (2) the warm sun on his
face. He opens his eyes and looks around. The trees are tall and green, and the sun is
shining through the leaves. It is a 3) sight.

Max takes a step forward and feels the soft ground beneath his feet. He walks deeper into
the forest, and the smell of the pine needles is (4) . He hears the sound of
the wind rustling through the leaves, and he feels the sun (5) his skin. He
is smiling. He is happy to be in the forest.

Max is walking for a while, and soon he finds a clearing. In the middle of the clearing,
there is a large tree. Max walks up to the tree and touches it. The bark is rough, but it feels
(6) to the touch.

Max closes his eyes, he can hear the sound of the wind in the leaves, and he (7)
the pine needles. He feels (8) .

Max opens his eyes and looks around. The sun is setting, and the sky is ablaze with color.
It is a (9) sight. Max takes a deep breath and smiles a lot. He thinks life
is (10) .

1 a) taste b) smell c) hear d) see

2 a) feel b) see c) hear d) taste
3 a) beautiful b) terrible c) boring d) sad
4 a) sour b) sweet c) weak d) strong
5 a) tickling b) cooling c) warming d) hurting
6 a) hard b) good c) soft d) bad
7 a) hears b) sees c) smells d) tastes
8 a) excited b) sad c) anxious d) at peace
9 a) boring b) terrible c) sad d) beautiful
10 a) wonderful b) terrible c) boring d) sad

E. SPEAKING

7. Work in pairs and share things you like and dislike. Use pictures to show them, if
possible. Say at least 10 likes and 10 dislikes.

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 F. WRITING

8. Use the pictures to guide your ideas. Also, use the vocabulary and grammar section
to write a description about the things and actions that these people like and dislike.
Take turns to compare your answers with your classmates.

Wha I food. I like

I like salty salad. ta fruits

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UNIT Life Experiences Lesson
1 1C
Anything has happened

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures. Label the pictures with one item from the word bank,
then check your answers with the whole class. Then, choose three pictures
and make sentences with them. Share them with your classmates.

a. Eat at a fancy restaurant d. ride a roller coaster g. be a volunteer

b. Climb a mountain e. try an extreme sport h. get lost
c. go camping f. go whale-watching i. attend a music festival

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 2. Use the verbs in exercise 1 to complete this table with the past and past
participle forms of the verbs

Infinitive Past Past participle

Attend
Be
Climb
Eat
Get
Go
Ride
Try

B. GRAMMAR= PRESENT PERFECT

Present perfect
We use the present perfect simple to talk about past actions or states which are still connected to the present.
The present perfect is formed from the present tense of the verb have and the past participle of a verb. The
affirmative form of the present perfect tense is made with the following structure:
Subject + have/has + past participle

He's never won a gold medal. I've worked for six different companies.

We use the present perfect:

1. for something that started in the past and continues in the present:

 She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

2. when we are talking about our experience up to the present:

 I have seen that film before.

We can use the words "for" and "since" with the present perfect tense to talk about how long an action has
been going on. For example:

 I have lived in this house for 10 years.

 I have been working here since last month.

We can also use the word "already" with the present perfect tense to talk about something that has
happened before a certain time. For example:

 I have already eaten.

 She has already finished her homework

Never is used with the present perfect tense to talk about things that you have not done at any time in your
life. For example:
 I have never been to the doctor
 She has never talked to me.
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 GRAMMAR EXERCISES

2. Fill the gaps with the affirmative present perfect form. Use the verbs in parentheses.
1. He ___________________________ English very well. (to speak)
2. They _________________________ in London recently. (to live)
3. I _____________________________ to the beach with my family. (to go)
4. They ______________________________ a new car. (to buy)
5. Mary and Peter ______________________their homework. (to do)
6. I _____________________________ tennis recently. (to play)
7. The cats ______________________________ on the sofa. (to sleep)
8. Sarah and I_______________________________ to music in our room. (to listen)
9. My parents ____________________________ married for 25 years. (to be)
10. The student ___________________________ a test since Friday. (to take)

3. Read the statements and order them carefully. Use the present perfect forms of the
verbs.
a) been / I / to / Paris / have

b) read / she / has / already / the / book

c) have / homework / we / our / finished

d) has / he / job / a / gotten / new

e) visited / my / family / have / many / countries

f) has / movie / that / seen / he

g) have / they / the / eaten / cake / all

h) have / an / email / sent / you / I

i) has / bought / she / phone / a / new

j) my / cleaned / room / I / have

C. LISTENING

4. Listen to the audio 2 in Lesson 1C, and fill in the blank spaces with the word (s) you hear.
a) I have ____________________ in this bank for 10 months.
b) I have been awaited __________________ 2002.
c) We have been ___________________ for fifteen years.
d) I have been doing this puzzle since ________________.
e) I have been waiting for ________________ 14 minutes
f) I have been sick since __________________.
g) I have been doing my ________________ for 5 or 6 hours.
h) You have been talking on the phone for far too ___________ young lady
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 D. READING
Marco’s life experience

Marco is a 20-year-old university student from

Ecuador. He has lived in the United States for the past
5 years, and he is currently studying computer science.
Marco is a hard worker, and he is passionate about his
studies. He is also a talented musician, and he enjoys
trying extreme sports.

Marco has had many life experiences in his short life.

He has traveled to many different countries, and he has
been a volunteer, so he has met people from all over the
world. He has also learned to speak English fluently.
Marco is a well-rounded man, and he is always looking
for new experiences.

One of Marco's most memorable life experiences was

when he traveled to the Galapagos Islands. He was
amazed by the beauty of the islands, and he was
fascinated by the unique wildlife. There, he went whale watching. He also learned a lot
about the history of the islands.

Another memorable life experience for Marco was when he volunteered at a local soup
kitchen. He was able to help people in need, and he learned a lot about the challenges that
people face. He also made some new friends, and he came away with a greater sense of
empathy. Marco is still young, but he has already lived a full and meaningful life. He is
excited to see what the future holds, and he is confident that he will continue to have many
more amazing experiences.

5. Read the text about Marco’s life experience and choose the best option for
each question
1. Where has Marco traveled that amazed him?
a) Paris
b) Galapagos Islands
c) Machu Picchu
d) Grand Canyon

2. What has Marco found fascinating about the Galapagos Islands?

a) The food
b) The architecture
c) The unique wildlife
d) The beaches

3. Where has Marco been a volunteer?

a) At a hospital
b) At a soup kitchen
c) At a school
d) At a library

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 4. What has Marco learned from volunteering?
a) How to cook
b) The challenges that people face
c) How to build houses
d) The importance of business

5.How is Marco described in the text?

a) A lazy student
b) A careless traveler
c) A well-rounded and passionate person
d) A person who dislikes new experiences

E. SPEAKING

6. Work in pairs. Use the prompts as an example, take turns, and share some of your life
experiences with your classmates. Use present perfect forms with already, never,
for, and since.

Learn English at CENID Have English classes virtually.

Study at UTB
Have breakfast Live in my house Be a university student
Know my best friend Have a pet Do my internship
Attend this class Do homework Exercise
Buy a snack Get lost Go camping
Eat at a fancy
Climb a mountain Ride a roller coaster
restaurant
Try an extreme sport Go whale watching Be a volunteer

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 F. WRITING

7. Read the email carefully. Then, write back an email to Sandy. Use the present
perfect tense. Also, remember to take into consideration the underlined phrases
in your own production. The email must be 80 words in length.

Dear Roberto,

I hope this email finds you well. I'm writing to you today to share my
recent life experience at university.

Last week, I had the opportunity to participate in a service-learning

project with my classmates. I have never done it before. We volunteered
at a local soup kitchen, where we served food to the homeless and
needy. It has been a truly eye-opening experience, and it made me
realize how fortunate I have been my whole life.
People at the soup kitchen were all so grateful for our help, and it made
me feel good to give back to my community.

I would love to hear about your life experiences at UTB University. What
has been your most incredible life experience there? Write back soon!

Yours Sandy,

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UNIT Life Experiences Lesson
1 1D
Have you ever broken your leg?

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures and match them with the words in the bank. Then, check
with your classmates and teacher.

Break leg Be bitten Sprain ankle Tear a muscle

Bruise Dislocate shoulder Cut finger Burn hand

2. Use the verbs in exercise 1 and change them into past and past participle forms. Then, choose
Three verbs and make 3 sentences with mixed grammatical sentences.

Infinitive form Past simple Past participle

Break
Be
Bruise
Burn
Cut
Dislocate
Sprain
Tear

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B. GRAMMAR= PRESENT PERFECT

Present perfect

The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that have happened in the past but have a
connection to the present. For example, you can use the present perfect to talk about something that
happened recently, something that has happened for a period of time, or something that has happened
repeatedly.

The negative form of the present perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb "have" or "has" and the
negative word "not." For example:
 I have not eaten yet.
 She has never been to France.
 We haven't finished our homework.
 Sara has not done her homework.
 Peter hasn't chosen her dress.

The interrogative form of the present perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb "have" or "has" in
front of the subject, followed by the main verb in the past participle form. For example:
• Have you ever been to China?
• Has he finished his work yet?
• Have they seen the new movie?

The words "yet" and "ever" can be used with the present perfect to add more meaning to the
sentence.

 "Yet" is used to express that something has not happened yet, but it is expected to happen in
the near future. For example:
 I haven't finished my homework yet, but I will soon.
 Have you met my new friend yet?

 "Ever" is used to ask about whether something has ever happened before. For example:
 Have you ever been to Europe?
 Has she ever won an award?

3. Fill in the blanks with the interrogative form of the verbs in parentheses.
a) _______________ he ever _____________ to the mountains? (go)
b) _____________ Susan ________________ her project yet? (complete)
c) ________________ we ___________ the latest series? (watch)
d) Where _________she ___________ all week? (travel)
e) Why __________ they ____________ me back yet? (not text)
f) What __________ you __________on recently? (work )
g) How much water _________ you ___________today? (drink)
h) ___________ you ________ my new colleague yet? (meet)
i) __________ you ever ____________Thai food? (eat)
j) What __________ they ___________ at university this week? (study)
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4. Order the words and form questions using the present perfect.

a) homework / finished / I / my / haven’t

b) the / hasn’t / cat / eaten / food / its

c) the / seen / we / have / movie / not

d) called / she / hasn’t / me / yet

e) rain / it / has / all / day / not

f) you / ever / sushi / eaten / have/?

g) been / they / to / London / have/?

h) arrived / has / yet / bus / the/?

i) read / this / book / have / you / before/?

j) he / finished / project / his / has/?

C. LISTENING

Listen to the audio 3 -lesson 1D, and choose the right option for each question.

Injuries and accidents

1.Where has the writer had serious accidents?
a) At school b) In the hospital
c) In traffic d) At the beach

2. What kind of accidents does the writer have the most?

a) Traffic accidents b) Work accidents
c) House accidents d) Sports accidents

3. Why doesn’t the writer have many work accidents?

a) He doesn’t work b) He works in an office
c) He is very careful d) His job is dangerous

4. What does the writer often hit with a hammer?

a) His hand b) His thumb
c) His head d) His foot

5.What does the writer’s friend always have?

a) A new job b) A new story about an accident
c) A new car d) A big house

27
6.How does the writer feel about his friend’s accidents?
a) He is surprised b) He is angry
c) He is happy d) He is scared

D. READING

Common injuries in teenagers and young adults

Teenagers and young adults have had

many injuries. These injuries can
happen because of sports, accidents, or
falls. Many teens have hurt their bodies
while playing or being active.

Sports Injuries

Some students have sprained their

ankles while playing football or
basketball. Others have had muscle
pain in their legs or back. Some have broken a leg or arm during sports. A few
people have had concussions after falling or being hit.

Overuse Injuries

Many young people have gotten injuries from using the same muscles too much.
For example, some have had knee pain from running. Others have felt pain in their
shins after many days of practice.

Accidents and Falls

Teenagers have had car accidents or fallen from bikes. Some have been hurt at
school or at home. They have broken bones or have gotten head injuries.

How to Prevent Injuries

People should always warm up before doing sports. They should wear helmets and
other safety gear. They should not take dangerous risks like driving fast or without
a seatbelt.

5. Read the text above and select the best option for each question.

1. What kind of injuries have teenagers and young adults had?

A. Only burns
B. Only cuts
C. Injuries from sports, accidents, or falls
D. No injuries

28
 2. What have many teens done while playing sports?
A. Have watched TV
B. Have hurt their bodies
C. Have eaten snacks
D. Have studied hard

3. What injury have some students had while playing football or basketball?
A. Broken teeth
B. Headaches
C. Sprained ankles
D. Ear pain

4. What injuries have happened after falling or being hit?

A. Concussions
B. Colds
C. Fever
D. Stomach ache

5. What have some young people felt after many days of practice?
A. Pain in their ears
B. Pain in their shins
C. Pain in their hands
D. Pain in their eyes

6. Where have some teenagers had accidents?

A. On airplanes
B. In restaurants
C. At school or home
D. In libraries

7. What injuries have teenagers had in car accidents?

A. Scratches only
B. Broken bones and head injuries
C. Toothaches
D. Burns from cooking

8. What have people done to help prevent injuries?

A. Played without warming up
B. Worn safety gear and helmets
C. Ignored safety signs
D. Skipped stretching exercises

E. WRITING

The Worst Accident I have ever had

6. Describe a time when you got injured. Mention: What happened? How did
you feel? Have you fully recovered? Make this composition 90 words in
length and use the grammar and vocabulary from this lesson.

29
 __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

F. SPEAKING

8.Work in pairs. Use the prompts to take turns and ask and answer
questions related to your life experience with accidents. Use present
perfect forms with yet or ever.

Break your leg Burn your hand Have an accident in a motrocycle.

Have a bruise on your
Tear a muscle Dislocate your shoulder
body

Be bitten by a bee Sprain ankle Have an accident while exercising

30
UNIT Life Experiences Lesson
1 1E
Autonomous work

A. VOCABULARY

1. Read the statements carefully and identify the grammatical tense. Then, choose
the correct phrase to fill in the space for each statement. Remember to change
the verb according to the most suitable grammatical tense.

a) She ____________________________ with her friends right now. Smell

b) This perfume _______________________ amazing. Be bitten
c) She ______________________________ for five years. Go camping
Own a house
d) My family __________________________ every summer. Go to the movies
e) My vision is getting ___________________ because I’m tired. Blurry
f) I _________________________________ by a dog before.

B. READING

2. Read the text and classify the sentences into simple present and present
continuous.
"I am an English teacher in a big city. I work on a project every day to help my students
learn English. I am learning a new word every week to improve my vocabulary. I live in a
city, so I get to experience a lot of different cultures and foods. I love to go to the movies
and try new restaurants. I am going to the movies tonight to see a new superhero movie. I
am excited to see it!

One of my students, Maria, is from a small town. She is not used to living in a city. She is
still learning how to get around. She got lost last week while she was trying to go to the
grocery store. She was scared, but she was able to find her way back home.

Another student, Juan, is a volunteer at the local animal shelter. He loves animals and he
wants to help them find homes. He is always taking care of the animals at the shelter. He is
getting a haircut tomorrow so he can look his best for his volunteer shift.

I am proud of my students. They are all working hard to learn English and to become
citizens of this country. I am excited to see at they will accomplish in the future.

31
 Simple present Present continuous

3. Read the text again and indicate if the sentences are TRUE or FALSE.

1. What does the teacher do every day?

A) Goes to the movies
B) Works on a project to help students learn English
C) Volunteers at an animal shelter
D) Teaches Spanish

2. Why is Maria having trouble living in the city?

A) She doesn’t speak English
B) She is not used to city life
C) She doesn’t like her school
D) She doesn’t have friends

3. What happened to Maria last week?

A) She got lost while going to the grocery store
B) She lost her phone
C) She got a haircut
D) She adopted a pet

4. What does Juan do at the animal shelter?

A) He adopts animals
B) He takes care of animals and helps them find homes
C) He teaches animals tricks
D) He cleans the shelter

5. Why is Juan getting a haircut tomorrow?

A) Because he wants to impress his teacher
B) Because he has an important meeting
C) Because he wants to look good for his volunteer shift
D) Because his parents told him to

32
 C. LISTENING

4. Listen to the audio from Randall ESL Lab, click on this link https://www.esl-
lab.com/easy/school-schedule/ and choose the right option.

1.What time does Joshua go to school?

a) 7:30 AM b) 8:00 AM
c) 8:30 AM d) 9:00 AM

2.How does Joshua go to school?

a) By himself b) On a school bus
c) With a group d) With his parents

3.What does Joshua take to school?

a) His gym clothes, backpack, and books b) Only his lunchbox
c) Only his books d) Nothing

4.What is the first thing Joshua does when he gets to school?

a) He eats breakfast b) He does "kiritsu, rei"
c) He plays sports d) He talks with friends

5.What does "kiritsu, rei" mean?

a) Sit down and listen b) Stand up and bow
c) Read and write d) Play sports

6.Which subjects does Joshua study at school?

a) Science and history b) English and music
c) Writing, reading, and math d) Geography and art

7.Where does Joshua eat lunch?

a) In the cafeteria b) In his classroom
c) In the gym d) Outside

D. GRAMMAR

5. Read the prompt and complete the sentences using present simple or present
continuous in the right form (affirmative, negative or interrogative)

a) (Sarah/ attend) the meeting tonight?

b) (I/drink) coffee every morning?

c) (She/watch) TV at the moment.

d) (They/visit) New York often?

33
e) (They/read) a book now.

f) (He/go) to the concert later?

g) (John/?/go) to the gym tomorrow.

h) (He/?/eat) dinner right now.

i) (She/join) the yoga class this weekend?

j) (Tom/not/exercise) at the gym every Monday.

k) (They/not/read) books very often.

l) You usually (wake up) early.

m) (We/clean) the house every weekend?

n) (We/talk) on the phone right now?

o) (I/?/watch) TV very often.

p) (Paul/cook) dinner now.

6. Read the prompt and complete the sentences using present perfect

a) Who (take) the keys?

b) (they/see) your new house yet?

c) My friends (not/start) their homework yet.

d) (We/finish) her meal?

e) (Peter/ever/travel) abroad?

f) You (choose) what to study in college.

g) Helen (not/complete) his project.

h) Where (he/leave) the suitcase?

i) The teacher (not/open) the door.

j) Why (the police/arrest) that person?

34
7. Use the prompts to make sentences with present perfect.

a) (they/not/visit) Spain.

b) (We/already/go) to Paris.

c) (Tom/never/try) Italian food.

d) (I/already/read) that book.

e) (They/never/drive) a car.

f) (William/never/cleaned) the garage.

8. Label the words with for or since.

 Last Monday.
 Six years.
 2022.
FOR
 They were ten.
 Many hours.
 Christmas.

SINCE  Six o'clock.

 A long time
 three weeks

35
 UNIT 2
DANGEROUS HABITS

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will be able to:

1. Describe their own and others' past habits using

"used to."
2. Narrate events and experiences in the past using
the past progressive tense.
3. Use "when," "while," "as," and "as soon as" to
show the sequence of events in stories and
narratives.
4. Use the past simple tense to describe accidents and
specific events that happened in the past.

36
UNIT Dangerous Habits Lesson
2 2A
I used to smoke a lot!

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures and label them with the correct word from the word box.

2. Rearrange the letters to form the correct words related to addictions and healthy
habits

a) Ropptus puorsg ____________________________

b) Kisgmon ceragttsei ____________________________
c) Dmiidensnlfu ____________________________
d) Gugnis durgs ____________________________
e) Nlambgimg ____________________________
f) Pvgani ____________________________

37
 B. GRAMMAR= USED TO

Used to + infinitive':
We use this expression to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past which we don't do in
the present. We also use it to talk about states in the past which are no longer true.
Examples:
 I used to have long hair (but now I have short hair).
 He used to smoke (but now he doesn't smoke).
 They used to live in India (but now they live in Germany).
In negative and question use the auxiliary DIDN'T (DID NOT) and DID.
Examples:
 Did you use to be a teacher? Yes, I did.
 Did he use to study French? No, he didn't
 She didn't use to like chocolate, but she does now.
 I didn't use to want to have a nice house.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the words in
parentheses.

1. They __________ (play) the piano when they were younger, but they stopped. It
was very difficult.

2. When you were little, _____________ you _________ (buy) video games?

3. We _____________ (not like) cartoons very much, but now we love them!

4. I _______________ (go) to the movies a lot when I was younger, but now I watch
TV shows more often.

5. Rachel _______________ (not watch) crime dramas, but now they’re her favorite
type of show.

6. Tim ____________ (want) to be a rock star, but now he wants to be a doctor.

7. Who ________ Jennifer _________ (be) in a band with?

8. Brad _______________ (not listen) to music on the internet but now he listens to it
all the time.

38
 3. Sentence creation
People used to (or didn’t use to) do many different things in the
olden days compared to today. Using your imagination, write
sentences about what people used to do, or didn’t used to
do, in the olden days:

C. LISTENING

4. Listen to the audio 4 and choose the correct answer.

a. What does the writer say about bad
d. What habit is acceptable in Japan but not
habits?
in England?
a) Everyone has bad habits
a) Talking loudly
b) No one has bad habits
b) Slurping noodles
c) Only smokers have bad habits
c) Smoking
d) Bad habits are always the same
d) Listening to music
everywhere
b. What do some smokers think about e. What bad habits did the writer stop?
smoking? a) Smoking and leaving things around
a) It is good for health b) Talking loudly and eating too much
b) It is a bad habit c) Being late and playing loud music
c) It is not a bad habit d) Using a phone in public
d) It should be illegal
f. What annoys the writer?
c. What do young people do on the train?
a) People eating too much
a) Sleep
b) People being late and talking loudly on
b) Listen to loud music
the phone
c) Read books
c) People sleeping early
d) Eat noodles
d) People reading books in public
39
 D. READING

5.Read the text and underline the sentences using used to.

BAD HABITS

Mark used to be a drug addict. He used to smoke marijuana every day, and he used to use
cocaine and other drugs on occasion. He used to get it to escape from his problems, but it
only made things worse. He lost his job, his friends, and his family. He even ended up
homeless.

One day, Mark decided that he has had enough. He went to rehab and got clean. It wasn't
easy, but he was determined to change his life. He used to wake up in the morning feeling
sick and tired, but now he wakes up feeling refreshed and motivated. He used to be broke
and hopeless, but now he has a job and a place to live. He used to be isolated and alone,
but now he has strong support from his friends and family.

Mark is an inspiration to everyone who knows him. He is proof that it is possible to

overcome addiction and build a better life. He used to be a drug addict, but now he is a
survivor. He is an example because you never give up on yourself.

I hope this story inspires you to overcome your own challenges. If you are struggling with
addiction, there is help available. Please reach out to a trusted friend or family member,
or contact a professional for help. You are not alone, and you can overcome this.

Read the text and select the right option for each question.
1.What did Mark use to do every day?
A) Exercise regularly
B) Smoke marijuana
C) Go to work
D) Eat healthy food

2. What kind of drugs did Mark use to take on occasion?

A) Only marijuana
B) Alcohol and pills
C) Cocaine and other drugs
D) Vitamins

40
 3. Why did Mark use to get high?
A) To celebrate
B) To escape his problems
C) To be popular
D) To make friends

4. What happened to Mark because of his addiction?

A) He became rich
B) He became famous
C) He lost his job, friends, and family
D) He traveled the world

5. What did Mark use to feel like in the morning?

A) Sick and tired
B) Happy and strong
C) Excited and ready
D) Calm and focused

E. WRITING

1. Look at Moises Caicedo’s description before and now. Use the information in the bubble box
to write about him, you have to use simple present and used to with the infinitive.
Before Present

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

41
 F. SPEAKING

7. Ask and answer the questions. The answers must be full answered.

Questions My answers My classmate

How did you use to spend

your weekends when you
were younger?

What food did you use to

dislike but now enjoy?

Where did you use to go on

vacation with your family?

What sports did you use to

play when you were a
child?

Who used to be your best

friend in school?

42
UNIT Dangerous Habits Lesson
2 2B
Cartoons

A. VOCABULARY

1. Match the following words related to events and experiences with their correct definitions.

1.Memorable a. A happy event to enjoy something special.

2.Celebration b. A big or important moment in life.
3.Occasion c. Full of interesting or important things that happen.
4.Unforgettable d. Very special or unusual in a good way.
5.Experience e. A particular time or event
6.Eventful f.Something you see or do that teaches or affects you.
7.Milestone g. A formal event with special actions or traditions.
8.Remarkable h.A meeting, often by chance.
9.Encounter i.Easy to remember because it was special.
10.Ceremony j. So good or special that you cannot forget it.

2. Use the words from Part 1 to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.

a. They were having an unexpected ________________ when the rain started.

b. They were organizing a big ___________ when the storm started.
c. She was wearing a beautiful dress because they were attending a special __________.
d. We were celebrating his _________ achievement when he gave an emotional speech.
e. She was making a ___________ speech while the audience applauded.
f. They were having an unexpected _________ when the rain started.
g. We were having an ____________ time when the power suddenly went out.
h. He was sharing his ____________ while everyone was listening carefully.
i. The guests were enjoying the __________ evening as the fireworks lit up the sky.
j. We were creating a ___________ moment while taking pictures at the party.
k. The students were receiving their diplomas while the _________ was taking place.

43
 B. GRAMMAR= PAST PROGRESSIVE

Past progressive
The past progressive tense is used to describe an action that was in progress at a specific time in the
past. It is formed by using the past tense of the verb "to be" (was or were) plus the present participle
of the main verb (verb+ing).
Examples:
 I was reading a book.
 They were playing.
 She was sleeping
The past progressive tense can also be used to describe two actions that were happening at the same
time in the past. In this case, we use the conjunction "while."
Example:
 I was washing the dishes while my mom was cooking dinner.
 The children were playing in the park while the adults were talking.
Attention!
The past progressive tense is not used to describe actions that were completed in the past. For this,
we use the simple past tense.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

3. Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the correct form of the
verbs in the past progressive tense.

A. While he __________ (celebrate) the unforgettable occasion, the fireworks

__________ (light up) the sky.
B. We __________ (give) a speech during the ceremony when the guests
__________ (arrive).
C. He __________ (enjoy) the eventful day when he suddenly __________
(encounter) an old friend.
D. We __________ (attend) a remarkable celebration while our friends
__________ (have) an equally memorable evening elsewhere.
E. As she __________ (commemorate) the milestone, it __________ (start) to
rain, but no one left the event.

44
 4. Complete the following sentences with the correct past progressive form of
the verbs in parentheses.

1. While we __________ (enjoy) the celebration, the guests of honor suddenly

arrived, making the evening even more memorable.

2. I __________ (attend) an important ceremony when I had an unexpected

encounter with an old friend.

3. At the moment the surprise guest arrived, everyone __________ (celebrate) the

company’s major milestone.

4. While she __________ (share) her unforgettable experience with the audience,

the lights in the hall suddenly went off.

5. They __________ (prepare) for the grand occasion when they received news of

another remarkable achievement in their field.

5. Rewrite the sentences below using the past progressive tense where appropriate.

A. We met our favorite singer during the celebration. (use "was attending" and
"was meeting")

Rewrite: ___________________________________________

B. I organized a memorable trip, but it rained the entire time. (use "were organizing" and
"was raining")

Rewrite: ___________________________________________

45
 C. READING
CARTOON

A cartoon is a single drawing or series of

drawings that tells a joke or story about any
subject, such as human activities and habits,
political and historical events, fads, fashions, and
sports. Cartoons can be humorous or serious, and
they are used to inform, educate, or entertain.

Cartooning is a visual art form that uses

exaggeration, simplification, and distortion to
create an image that is both humorous and
thought-provoking. Cartoonists use a variety of
techniques to achieve their desired effect,
including line, shape, color, and text.

Cartooning has a long history, even back to the ancient Egyptians. However, it was not
until the 19th century that cartoons became a popular form of mass communication. The
invention of the printing press made it possible to mass-produce cartoons, and the rise of
newspapers and magazines created a new outlet for cartoonists to share their work.

Today, cartoons are part of our culture. They are found in newspapers, magazines, books,
on television, and on the internet. People of all ages enjoy cartoons, and they continue to
be a powerful tool for communication and social commentary.

They are a powerful form of communication, because they inform, educate, entertain, and
make social commentary. They continue to be a popular form of art and entertainment.

6. Read the text and select the best option for each question.

1. When did cartoons become a popular form of mass communication?

a) In ancient Egypt
b) In the 19th century
c) In the 21st century
d) During the Renaissance

2. What invention helped cartoons become widely available?

a) The internet
b) The television
c) The printing press
d) The telephone

3. Where can cartoons be found today?

a) Only in books
b) Only in newspapers
c) In newspapers, magazines, books, television, and the internet
d) Only on the internet

46
 4. Why do cartoonists use exaggeration and distortion?
a) To make their drawings look realistic
b) To create images that are humorous and thought-provoking
c) To confuse readers
d) To follow strict artistic rules

5. What is one reason cartoons remain popular?

a) They require no artistic skill
b) They are a versatile and powerful form of communication
c) They are only used for entertainment
d) They are no longer relevant today

D. LISTENING

7. Listen to the audio 5 Lesson 2B and fill in the gap with the verbs from the word box.

What is risk a part of?

a) Only dangerous situations
b) Many of our daily decisions
c) Only investing money
d) Only sports

What is an example of a simple risk?

a) Buying a house
b) Running across the road
c) Flying a plane
d) Studying for an exam

Where do people learn about financial risks?

a) At the supermarket
b) At the bank
c) At a restaurant
d) At school

What did the financial manager tell the writer?

a) He was a high-risk taker
b) He was a cautious risk taker
c) He had no risk
d) He should not invest money

What is an example of a risk with family?

a) Telling your mother you broke her vase
b) Buying her a gift
c) Calling her on her birthday
d) Helping her clean the house

What does the writer say about risk?

a) It is scary
b) It is a part of life
c) It is always dangerous
d) It is not important

47
E. WRITING

8. Use the cartoon and write what each character says in the speaking bubbles.
Remember to use past progressive mainly, and the topic for the conversation can be
the following:

 A Memorable Trip

 A Childhood Memory

 A School Experience

 A Scary Situation

Sara and Alberto

48
 F. SPEAKING

9. Discuss the following questions with a partner using the vocabulary words from this
exercise.

a. What were you doing yesterday at this time?

b. What were you doing when the last big storm happened?
c. What was your family doing while you were studying last night?
d. What were you doing when you heard some surprising news?
e. What was happening around you while you were traveling to school/work today?
f. What were you doing when your teacher entered the classroom?
g. What were you and your friends doing during the last school event?
h. What was your best friend doing the last time you saw them?
i. What were people doing in the street while you were walking home?
j. What were you doing when your phone last rang?

49
UNIT Dangerous Habits Lesson
2 2C
Storytelling

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures and label them with the right statement from the box.

2. Based on the exercise above, fill in the spaces with when, while, as, as soon as

Conjunctions Meaning
Two actions happening at the same time
Immediately after
Specific point in time.
Specific point in time when something happened.

50
 B. GRAMMAR= SIMPLE PAST VS. PAST PROGRESSIVE

SIMPLE PAST VS PAST PROGRESSIVE

The past simple and the past progressive are both English tenses that are used to talk about past actions.
However, they have different uses.
 The past simple is used to talk about actions that happened and were completed in the past. It is
used for single actions, events, and completed actions. For example:
 I went to the store yesterday.
 She ate her lunch at noon.
 The train arrived on time.
 The past progressive is used to talk about actions that were in progress at a specific time in the
past. It is used for actions that were happening over a period of time, actions that were
interrupted, and actions that were happening simultaneously. For example:
 I was reading a book when you called.
 She was sleeping when the alarm went off.
 The children were playing in the park when it started to rain.
Tips for using the past simple and the past progressive:
 The past simple is usually used with adverbs of time that indicate a specific point in time, such
as yesterday, last week, at noon, and on Sunday.
 The past progressive is usually used with adverbs of time that indicate a period of time, such as
while, when, and for.
 The past progressive can also be used with adverbs of frequency, such as always, constantly, and
forever, to describe repeated actions that were annoying or irritating.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb (simple past or past
progressive)
1. I __________ (read) a book when my phone __________ (ring).
2. He __________ (play) soccer when it suddenly __________ (start) to rain.
3. We __________ (cook) dinner while he __________ (watch) TV.
4. They __________ (drive) to the beach when we __________ (see) a beautiful rainbow.
5. While the teacher __________ (explain) the lesson, that student __________ (take) notes.
6. As soon as the plane __________ (land), everyone __________ (get) up from their seats.
7. The child __________ (make) a snowman when it __________ (get) dark.
8. I __________ (not hear) the doorbell because I __________ (listen) to music.
9. I __________ (run) down the street when I __________ (fall).

4. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb (simple past or past
progressive) with when, while, as, or as soon as..
a. As soon as the ceremony __________ (end), everyone __________ (start) to celebrate.
b. While we __________ (watch) the fireworks, the mayor __________ (give) a speech.
c. When the band __________ (play) the final song, the audience __________ (cheer)
loudly.
d. As I __________ (enter) the room, I __________ (notice) the unforgettable decorations.

51
 C. READING

5. Read the text below and fill in the blanks with the most suitable words from the box.

Becoming friends

I was walking home from school when I saw a group of children (1) in the
park. They were laughing and running around, and it looked like they
were having a lot of fun. I stopped to watch them for a moment, and then
I decided to join in.
We played tag and hide-and-seek, and we had a lot of (2) . As we were
playing, I noticed a little girl sitting (3) on a bench. She
was watching us play, but she didn't seem to be having any fun. I went
over to her and asked her if she wanted to (4) with us. She
hesitated at first, but then she (5)
. We played for a while, and she started to (6) and
laugh. I could tell that she was (7) the moment.
After, it started to get dark. We all went 8) , but I couldn't stop thinking
about the little girl. I wondered why she was sitting on the bench 9)
, and why she didn't seem to
have any friends. The next day, I went back to the park at the 10)
. I hoped to see the little girl
again, and I was glad when I saw her sitting on the bench. I went over to her and said
hello.

We talked for a while, and I learned that her name was Sarah. She told me that she had
just moved to town, and that she didn't know anyone yet. I told her that I would be her
friend, and we started playing together every day. Sarah and I became best friends. We
played together all the time, and we always had a lot of fun. I'm so glad that I stopped to
watch her play in the park that day. It was the best decision I ever made.

52
Choose the right option

1 Playing Drawing Went Walked

2 Funs Games Friends Laughs
3 Herself Alone With Friends With Her Mom
4 Help Talk To Play Join In
5 Said Yes Said No Said Maybe Said Later
6 Cry Smile Look Sad Frown
7 Feeling Bored Enjoying Feeling Sad Confused
8 Home To The Park To The Store To The Library
9 With Her Siblings Alone With Friends With Her Mom
10 Earlier In The Day Same Time Different Time Later In The Day

D. LISTENING

6. Listen to the audio 6 Lesson 2C and fill in the blank spaces with the right verb
tenses according to the words you hear.

a. I this morning.
b. What you when I ______________ you?
c. Bill ___________ about the report as he to the radio.
d. Who all that noise last night?
e. The machines properly.
f. Joe and Lisa in New York in the 1980s.
g. The driver a good job, so he was fired.
h. A security guard us while we __________ in the store.
i. A woman tripped as she onto the bus.
j. The accident was caused by a man who while he

53
 E. WRITING

7. Use the pictures to create a story, use the conjunctions When, while, as, as soon as,
with the simple past and past progressive forms.

Juanito’s experience

54
 F. SPEAKING

8. Work in pairs. Use the pictures to describe the situations. Take turns to share your
answers. It needs to use conjunctions as soon as, as, when, and while with simple
past and past progressive.

55
UNIT Dangerous Habits Lesson
2 2D
I cut myself!

A. VOCABULARY

1. Use the bold words in the ”Accident Description” section and the accident
vocabulary to name the following pictures.

56
 B. GRAMMAR= PRESENT PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST

Present perfect vs. Simple past

The simple past and the present perfect are both English tenses that are used to talk about past actions.
However, they have different uses.
The simple past is used to talk about actions that happened and were completed in the past. It is used
for single actions, events, and completed actions. For example:
 I ate lunch yesterday.
 She went to the store last week.

The present perfect is used to talk about actions that started in the past and are still happening now,
or actions that have a connection to the present. It is used for actions that have been completed, but the
result is still relevant to the present. For example:
 I have eaten lunch already. (I am still full from lunch.)
 She has gone to the store three times this week. (She is still shopping.)
Tips for using the simple past and the present perfect:
 The simple past is usually used with adverbs of time that indicate a specific point in time, such
as yesterday, last week, at noon, and on Sunday.
 The present perfect is usually used with adverbs of time that indicate a period of time, such as
since, for, and already.
 The present perfect can also be used with adverbs of frequency, such as ever, never, and
always, to describe repeated actions that have happened in the past.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

2. Fill in the blanks with the simple past or present perfect. Use the verbs in parentheses.

1. We __________ (see) a car accident yesterday while driving to work.

2. She __________ (never / have) an accident in her life. She’s always very careful.

3. He __________ (call) an ambulance as soon as he __________ (witness) the crash.

4. We __________ (fall) off his bike last week and __________ (break) our arms.

5. He __________ (already / report) the accident to the police.

6. My neighbors __________ (not fix) his car since they __________ (crash) into a tree two
months ago.

7. The fire department __________ (arrive) quickly after someone __________ (call) them
about the accident.

8. __________ she ever __________ (experience) a serious accident before?

9. I __________ (never / forget) the time when I __________ (witness) a bus accident in the
city.

10. She __________ (injure) her ankle during the skiing accident, but she __________
(recover) since then.

57
 C. LISTENING

3. Listen to the audio 7 Lesson 2D and choose the right option for each statement.

1. What happened to Helen shortly after she 4. What caused Paul's motorbike accident in
got her driver's license? Thailand?
A) She got lost while driving at night. A) He was driving too fast.
B) She got into an accident in a parking lot. B) The roads were unsafe and slippery.
C) She hit a pole while reversing. C) A truck hit him.
D) She ran out of gas on the highway. D) His motorbike ran out of gas.

2. Why was Amir’s accident especially scary? 5. What injury did Matthew suffer from his
A) He crashed into a police car. bicycle accident?
B) He was alone on a highway. A) He broke his leg.
C) Children had just been playing near the B) He lost a tooth.
garage. C) He broke his arm.
D) The car exploded after the crash. D) He hit his head.

3. What lesson did Lindsay learn after her 6. Why does Shalini think her accident
accident? wasn’t entirely her fault?
A) Never drive at night. A) She was hit from behind.
B) Always wear a seatbelt. B) She didn’t see there were two lanes.
C) Drive faster to avoid danger. C) The traffic light wasn’t working.
D) Be a more careful driver. D) The other driver was speeding.

D. READING

Dear Susan,

I hope this email finds you well. I'm writing to tell you about a car accident that happened near my house
yesterday. I was walking home from school when I saw it. A car was speeding down the street and it didn't
stop at the red light. It hit another car that was turning left.
The car that was turning left was totaled. The driver of the speeding car was not hurt, he just had some
scratched, but the driver of the other car was taken to the hospital, he has major injuries. I'm so shaken up
by what I saw. I have never seen a car accident before. I'm glad that I'm okay, but I'm worried about the
people who were hurt. I hope they're okay.
I have been thinking a lot about road safety since the accident. I think it's important to be a safe driver.
Always obey the speed limit and stop at red lights. Be careful when you're turning left, and never drink
and drive.
I hope you're staying safe. Please write back soon and tell me how you're doing.
Love,

Diego

58
 4. Read the email above and select the best option for each question

1.What happened to the car that was turning left?

a) It was slightly damaged
b) It was totaled
c) It hit another car
d) It did not get damaged

2. Was the driver of the speeding car injured?

a) Yes, he had major injuries
b) No, he was completely fine
c) He only had some scratches
d) He was taken to the hospital

3. What happened to the driver of the car that was turning left?
a) He ran away from the accident
b) He had major injuries and was taken to the hospital
c) He was not hurt at all
d) He fixed his car and drove away

4. How did Diego feel after witnessing the accident?

a) Excited
b) Shaken up
c) Happy
d) Indifferent

5.What lesson did Diego learn from the accident?

a) That accidents are unavoidable
b) That road safety is very important
c) That drivers should always turn left quickly
d) That speed limits are not necessary

6.Which of the following is NOT a piece of advice Diego gives about road safety?
a) Obey the speed limit
b) Stop at red lights
c) Be careful when turning left
d) Never drive at night

7.What does Diego ask Susan to do at the end of the email?

a) Call the police
b) Visit him soon
c) Write back and tell him how she is doing
d) Drive carefully

8. What caused the accident?

a) A car was driving too slowly
b) A car was speeding and didn’t stop at the red light
c) A pedestrian crossed the street unexpectedly
d) The traffic light was not working
59
 E. WRITING

5. Use the writing model from the previous exercise 4 and write an email to your best
friend, in which you describe an accident. Use the simple past and present perfect
mainly. It needs to be done in 100 words.

60
F. SPEAKING

6. Work in pairs. Use the board to ask and answer questions with your classmate.
Use the simple past and present perfect tenses.

Have you ever felt Have you ever been in Have you ever had a
jealous? danger? surgery?

Why did you feel it? What was the danger? What happened?
When was it? What did you do? What was it like?

Have you ever been Have you ever flown Have you ever smoked
on a diet? in a plane? a cigarette?
Why? Where did you fly? Why did you try it?
What did you eat? Did you like it? When was it?

Have you ever cheated Have you ever sung in Have you ever lost
on a test? public? money?
Why did you cheat? What did you sing? How much did you
When was it? lose?
How did you feel?

Have you ever made a Have you ever lied to Have you ever been on
cake? your teacher? TV?
When was it? Why did you lie? When was it?
Did anyone help you? Were you punished? What were you doing?

61
 UNIT Dangerous Habits Lesson
2 2E
Autonomous work

A. VOCABULARY

1. Cross out the word that do not belong to the group.

Tap fingers Chew nails Smoke Eat late Do exercise
Take risk Fall in love Lose a loved one Have a baby Fatality
When while As As soon as usually
collision Car crash Head on collision Mid-air collision Pile up

B. READING

2. Read the text and classify the sentences into simple past, past progressive,
present perfect and used to.

A Summer Adventure

Last summer, my friends and I had an unforgettable adventure. We used to dream

about exploring the mysterious forest near our town, and that summer, we finally
decided to make our dream come true.

We have planned the trip for weeks. We gathered our camping gear, packed food,
and set off early in the morning. As we hiked through the woods, the sun was shining
brightly, and the birds were singing in the trees. After a few hours of walking, we
stopped at an old, and abandoned cabin. It seemed like it used to belong to someone
long ago. Excited and curious, we decided to explore it. The door was opened,
revealing a room filled with dusty furniture and old books. It felt like we had stepped
back in time.

As we were exploring, we heard noise outside. We froze, listening carefully. It turned

out to be a rabbit hopping through the grass. Then, we laughed at our own nervousness.
We continued our journey deeper into the forest. By late afternoon, we found a
clearing by a river. We decided to set our tents there and spend the night.

Sitting around the campfire, we shared stories and roasted marshmallows. We looked
up at the starry sky, feeling grateful for the adventure we were experiencing.

62
 The following day, we packed our things and began our journey back home. The
memories we had made during those two days stayed with us forever. As we walked
back, we talked about how much we have learned and our friendship. Looking back
on that summer adventure, we realized that dreams can come true if you have the
courage to chase them.

Simple past Past progressive

Present perfect Used to

3. Read the text again and select the best option.

a. Where did the friends go on an adventure?

A. To the mountains.
B. To the forest.
C. To the city.
D. To the beach.
b. How long did they plan for the trip?

A. A few weeks.
B. A few days.
C. A few months.
D. A few years.
c. What did they find in the forest?

A. A sparkling river.
B. An old cabin.
C. A lost treasure.
D. A dangerous animal.

63
 d. What did they do at the campsite?
A. They pitched their tents.
B. They roasted marshmallows.
C. They told stories.
D. All of the above.

e. What did they learn from the adventure?

A. That dreams can come true.
B. That their friendship had grown stronger.
C. That they should be more careful in the forest.
D. All of the above.

C. LISTENING

1. Listen to the audio from Randall ESL Lab, click on this link https://www.esl-
lab.com/easy/drugs-medication/ and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.

Carla: So, how are things going, Steve?

Steve: Well, to be honest, Carla, I was feeling ______________________ on Saturday, but

I started to feel ______________________ Sunday afternoon. I thought I'd get better, but I

feel worse than before. And I'm really ______________________ because I'm scheduled to

give a presentation at work on Friday, so I have to be better by then.

Carla: Well, what seems to be the ______________________?

Steve: Well, I thought I had the ______________________, but the doctor said it was just

a bad ______________________. He gave me some cold medicine to take care of my

stuffy nose and fever. I'm supposed to take the medicine ______________________ times

a day after eating, but it doesn't seem to help. He also told me to stay off my

__________________ for a day or so, but I'm so busy these days.

Carla: Listen, forget about that medicine! I have just the thing to get _________________

of bad colds. You see, my mom is really into ______________________ medicine.

Steve: Oh, no thanks.

64
 D. GRAMMAR

5. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the verbs in parenthesis. Use the used to
with infinitive form.

1. I __________ (play) soccer every Saturday when I was a child.

2. She __________ (live) in New York before moving to Los Angeles.
3. They __________ (go) to the beach every summer when they were younger.
4. He __________ (not / like) vegetables, but now he enjoys them.
5. We __________ (travel) a lot before we had kids.
6. My brother __________ (collect) stamps when he was a teenager.
7. I __________ (be) afraid of dogs, but now I have one.
8. They __________ (not / watch) TV when they were kids; they preferred reading.
9. She __________ (study) French in high school, but she has forgotten most of it.
10. We __________ (not / eat) out often; we used to cook at home.

6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb (simple past or past progressive).

a. __________ (read) a book when my phone __________ (ring).

b. While they __________ (play) soccer, it __________ (start) to rain.
c. She __________ (not / sleep) well last night because of the noise.
d. We __________ (watch) a movie while they __________ (have) dinner.
e. He __________ (fall) off his bike while he __________ (ride) it.
f. They __________ (talk) about the project when the boss __________ (walk) in.
g. I __________ (see) her at the store while I __________ (do) my shopping.
h. The children __________ (laugh) while they __________ (play) games.
i. While I __________ (wait) for the bus, I __________ (meet) an old friend.
j. She __________ (study) for her exam when her friends __________ (call) her.
k. The sun __________ (shine) brightly when we __________ (leave) the house.
l. He __________ (not / pay) attention while he __________ (drive).
m. We __________ (hear) a strange noise while we __________ (camp) in the forest.
n. While I __________ (clean) the house, I __________ (find) an old photo.
o. They __________ (dance) at the party when the music __________ (stop).
p. She __________ (not / eat) breakfast because she __________ (be) in a hurry.
q. I __________ (take) a shower when the power __________ (go) out.
r. While they __________ (explore) the city, it __________ (begin) to rain.
s. He __________ (work) on his presentation when he __________ (realize) he was late.
t. The teacher __________ (explain) the lesson while the students __________ (take) notes.

65
7. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the verbs in parenthesis. Use the simple past
or present perfect form.

a) I __________ (lose) my keys yesterday and I still haven’t found them.

b) She __________ (visit) Paris three times, but she __________ (never / go) to the Eiffel Tower.
c) They __________ (move) to New York last year.
d) We __________ (know) each other since we were children.
e) I __________ (finish) my homework an hour ago.
f) My parents __________ (buy) this house in 1995, and they __________ (live) here ever since.
g) He __________ (not / see) his cousin in over five years.
h) The company __________ (hire) a new manager last week.
i) I __________ (never / eat) sushi before. It looks interesting!
j) They __________ (already / clean) the kitchen after the party.

8. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb (simple past or present perfect).

1. She __________ (visit) Paris three times, but she __________ (never / go) to the Eiffel Tower.

2. They __________ (move) to New York last year.

3. We __________ (know) each other since we were children.

4. I __________ (finish) my homework an hour ago.

5. My parents __________ (buy) this house in 1995, and they __________ (live) here ever since.

6. He __________ (not / see) his cousin in over five years.

7. The company __________ (hire) a new manager last week.

8. I __________ (never / eat) sushi before. It looks interesting!

9. They __________ (already / clean) the kitchen after the party.

10. I __________ (lose) my keys yesterday and I still haven’t found them.

66
 UNIT 3
RULES

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will be able to:

1. Use these quantifiers to describe the quantity of

objects or things.
2. Use relative pronouns to connect and provide
additional information about nouns.
3. Provide advice and recommendations for different
difficult situations.
4. Express obligations and prohibitions, particularly
in the context of university rules and regulations

67
UNIT Rules Lesson
3 3A
My recipe

A. VOCABULARY

1. Watch the video about cooking verbs. Then, read the list of the verbs in the word box
and tick the cooking verbs you have just heard on it. Then, check your answers with
your classmates.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VK8p3nFKB4

Cooking Verbs List

Add Bake Beat Boil
Chop Combine Cook Cut
Fry Grill Mix Peel
Season Steam Toast Wash

2. Use the verbs in the word box in exercise 1 to name the verbs based on the picture.

68
 B. GRAMMAR= QUANTIFIERS

QUANTIFIERS
Quantifiers are used to give information about quantity (the number of something).

Type Uses Examples

Some  To express a positive quantity of She has some oranges in the box.
something, but you don't need to specify  I have bought some olive oil.
the exact amount. There are some books on the desk.
 Use some with countable nouns in plural, There is some meat in the fridge.
and with uncountable nouns.
Any  Use "any" in questions, negative Is there any salt here?
sentences, or when referring to an Do you have any cucumbers for the salad?
indefinite quantity. She doesn’t sell any vegetables.
 Use both with countable and uncountable There aren’t any children here.
nouns.
No  To indicate the absence of something or There is no milk in the supermarket.
when the quantity is zero. There are no interested people in the
 Use both with countable and uncountable project.
nouns.
Much  to refer to a large quantity. Do you have much work?
 To use with uncountable nouns in There isn’t much time to do it.
negative and interrogative forms. Claire didn’t buy much sugar.
Many  to refer to a large number. I have many classmates.
 Use with countable forms There are many participants in this
congress.
A lot of /  To Use interchangeably with both He has a lot of friends.
lots of countable and uncountable nouns to There is a lot of noise in this room.
express a large quantity or number. There are lots of chances to do it.
There is lots of time left.
Little  Use "little" with uncountable nouns to They bought little flour for the dessert.
indicate a small quantity, often with a There is little water in the glass
negative connotation.
Few  Use "few" with countable nouns to There are few students in the class today.
indicate a small number, often with a They have few Harry Potter books left.
negative connotation.

69
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
3. Fill in the blanks with the correct quantifiers, choose between some, any, no

a) Do we have __________ garlic for the pasta sauce?

b) She needs to buy __________ vegetables for the salad.
c) There are __________ eggs left in the fridge; we should buy more.
d) Can you pass me __________ milk for the recipe?
e) There aren’t __________ cookies left after the party.
f) We don’t have __________ time to cook dinner tonight.
g) If you have __________ cheese, please add it to the pasta.
h) Is there __________ butter in the pantry for the cookies?
i) We should try to use up __________ leftover ingredients in the fridge.
j) I have never cooked with __________ spices before; I usually stick to the basics.

4. Fill in the blanks with the correct quantifiers, choose between much or many
a) How __________ sugar do you need for this cake recipe?
b) There are too __________ eggs in the fridge; we need to use them soon.
c) We don’t have __________ flour left to make bread.
d) How __________ vegetables do you usually add to your soup?
e) She didn’t eat too __________ salt in her dish because she’s watching her health.
f) I need to buy so __________ ingredients for the pasta tonight.
g) How __________ time do you usually spend preparing dinner?
h) There aren’t too __________ spices in this recipe, but it still tastes great.
i) How __________ butter is required for the cookie dough?
j) They have too __________ dishes to wash after the party.

5. Fill in the blanks with the correct quantifiers, choose between lots of/ a lot of, few,
and little.
a) She needs __________ fresh herbs to enhance the flavor of the dish.
b) There are __________ apples in the basket; we can make a pie.
c) I have __________ flour left, so I can’t bake the bread today.
d) She added __________ salt to the soup, but it still tastes bland.
e) There are only a __________ ingredients needed for this recipe.
f) He likes to experiment with __________ different spices when he cooks.
g) I didn’t have __________ time to prepare dinner yesterday.
h) He should buy __________ vegetables for the week.
i) There is __________ milk left in the fridge; we need to buy more.
j) The recipe calls for __________ sugar, but I prefer to use less

70
 C. READING

6. Read the recipe and choose the right option

Grilled Cheese Sandwich

Ingredients:
 2 slices of bread
 2 slices of cheese
 1-2 tablespoons of butter or margarine
 Optional: add-ins like sliced tomatoes, cooked bacon, or caramelized onions
Procedure:
1. Prepare Your Ingredients:
Lay out your slices of bread and place a slice of cheese on one of them. If you want to add any extras,
such as sliced tomatoes or cooked bacon, place them on top of the cheese.

2. Assemble the Sandwich:

Place the other slice of bread on top to create a sandwich.

3. Butter the Bread:

Spread a thin layer of butter or margarine on the outside of each slice of bread.

4. Heat a Skillet:
Place a frying pan on the stove over medium-low heat.

5. Cook the Sandwich:

Carefully place the buttered sandwich in frying pan, buttered side down.
Allow it to cook for 2-3 minutes on each side, or until the bread is toasted and the cheese inside has
melted.

6. Serve and Enjoy:

Once both sides are golden brown and the cheese is melted, remove the sandwich from the frying pan.
Allow it to cool for a minute, then cut it in half diagonally if you'd like.
Serve your grilled cheese sandwich while it's hot.

1. What is the main ingredient used in a grilled cheese sandwich?

a) Bread
b) Cheese
c) Butter
d) Tomatoes
2. How many slices of bread are usually used to make a grilled cheese sandwich?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
3. Where do you cook a grilled cheese sandwich?
a) In the oven
b) In the microwave
c) On the grill
d) In a skillet on the stove
71
4. Which of these can you add to a grilled cheese sandwich?
a) Sliced tomatoes
b) Cooked bacon
c) Caramelized onions
d) All of the above
5. How long should you cook a grilled cheese sandwich on each side?
a) 1 minute
b) 2-3 minutes
c) 5 minutes
d) 10 minutes

D. LISTENING

7. Listen to the audio https://www.esl-

lab.com/intermediate/breakfast-recipes/ and select the best option
for each question

1. Why does the daughter reject the banana for breakfast?

A) She is allergic to bananas.
B) The banana is green and unripe.
C) The banana is bruised and possibly bitten by the cat.
D) The banana is frozen.

2. What is the daughter’s complaint about powdered milk?

A) It’s expensive.
B) It’s warm and tastes bad.
C) It’s difficult to prepare.
D) It has expired.

3. Why doesn’t the daughter want her dad to make pancakes?

A) She doesn’t like pancakes.
B) He always burns them.
C) His pancakes are too sweet.
D) His pancakes were hard, and even the dog didn’t want them.

4. What reason does the daughter give for asking her dad to make breakfast?
A) She doesn’t know how to cook.
B) She’s sick.
C) He promised to cook if she cleaned the dishes.
D) Her mom isn’t home.

5. What specific request does the daughter make about the eggs and bacon?
A) Add cheese and onions.
B) Don’t include mushrooms like last time.
C) Make them spicy.
D) Serve them with toast.

72
 E. WRITING

8. Use the vocabulary and grammar section to write a recipe.

73
 F. SPEAKING

9. Prepare a presentation in which you describe your favorite dish.

Use these questions to guide your presentation

 What is your favorite dish?

 When do you usually eat it?
 What are the ingredients you need to prepare it?
 What are the procedures to prepare it?

74
UNIT Rules Lesson
3 3B
The man who sold the world

A. VOCABULARY
1. Look at the pictures above. What do you think the word recapture refers to? What
about misfire? Share your ideas with your classmates and teacher.

2. Look at the table and share with your classmates your own examples for each prefix

PREFIXES
A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a word to create a new meaning.
Prefix Meaning Example My own
Dis- not, the opposite of dis + satisfied = dissatisfied
Mis- wrongly mis + spell = misspell
un + acceptable =
Un- not
unacceptable
Re- again re + election = reelection
Over + weight=
Over- excess, too much
Overweight

3. Look at the explanation table on exercise 2 and fill in the spaces with the right prefix
dis-, mis-, un-, re-, over.

___work ____write _____behave ____kind

___happy ____agree _____connect _____treat
___understand ____usual _____tidy _____react
____cook _____do _____turn _____play
____honest _____use _____place _____appear

75
 B. GRAMMAR= RELATIVES PRONOUNS

Relative pronouns: who, which, that

Relative pronouns are pronouns that introduce relative clauses. Relative clauses are clauses that
modify a noun or pronoun. They provide more information about the noun or pronoun they modify.

The most common relative pronouns in English are who, which, and that.

 Who is used to refer to people.

 Which is used to refer to things, animals, and ideas.
 That can be used to refer to people, things, animals, and ideas. It is more common than who
and which in informal speech and writing.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

4. Fill in the space with the most appropriate relative pronoun WHO, WHICH, THAT.

a) The teacher __________ gave us the assignment is very helpful.

b) The book __________ I borrowed from the library was fascinating.

c) She is the artist __________ painted the mural on the wall.

d) The movie __________ we watched last night was thrilling.

e) My brother, __________ lives in Canada, is visiting us next week.

f) The car __________ I want to buy is out of my budget.

g) The students __________ participated in the competition did an excellent job.

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 h) This is the restaurant __________ serves the best pasta in town.

i) The dog __________ barked all night kept us awake.

j) The professor __________ taught me last semester was inspiring.

k) The laptop __________ I bought last year is already outdated.

l) The children __________ play in the park are my neighbors.

m) The painting __________ was displayed in the gallery was sold.

n) She is the one __________ helped me with my homework.

o) The house __________ we used to live in was torn down.

p) The flowers __________ bloom in spring are beautiful.

q) The man __________ you saw at the store is my uncle.

r) The project __________ we worked on together received an award.

s) The song __________ she sang at the concert was a hit.

t) The teacher __________ assigned to the project is on vacation.

C. LISTENING

5. Listen to the audio 8 Lesson 3B and write the number of the conversation you hear.

Statements Conversation
A. This person needs multiple bedrooms for a growing
family and prefers to live downtown.
B. This person wants a small, simple place because they
aren’t home often.
C. This person works in the city and doesn’t own a vehicle,
so living nearby is important
D. This couple is used to noise and would be happy living
close to the airport.
E. This person wants a quiet home far from the city since
they work from home.
F. This family has young children and wants a place with
outdoor space rather than a tall apartment building.

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 D. READING

A noisy neighborhood

I live in a small apartment in a big city. The area where I live is very noisy. There are many people,
cars, buses, and shops near my home. Every day, from early morning until late at night, I can hear
many different sounds. Sometimes, it is difficult to find peace and quiet.

In the morning, I wake up to the sound of cars and buses on the street. Many people go to work or
school, so there is a lot of traffic. Drivers often honk their horns, and the engines make loud noises. I
also hear people talking or shouting as they walk by. Some people listen to music on their phones
without using headphones, so everyone can hear it.

There is a construction site very close to my building. The workers start at 7 a.m. every day. They use
big machines, and the sound is very loud. Sometimes, the windows shake because of the noise. Even
on weekends, I can hear drilling, hammering, and other loud sounds. It is hard to sleep in the morning
or take a nap in the afternoon.

At night, the noise does not stop. There are many restaurants and bars near my home. People go there
to eat, drink, and have fun. They talk loudly, laugh, and sometimes shout. Some play music on their
cars or in the street. Sometimes, people have parties and play music until midnight or later. I often
wear earplugs to try to sleep better.

Even though my neighborhood is noisy, it has many good things. There are supermarkets, schools, and
parks nearby. It is easy to go shopping or meet with friends. I also like that my work is close, so I
don’t have to travel far.

However, I really hope the neighborhood becomes quieter in the future. It is hard to concentrate when
I study, and it is not easy to relax after a long day. I think everyone needs a calm place to rest. A
quieter neighborhood would make life better for me and for many other people who live here.

6. Read the text and choose the right option for each question.

1. 1 What kind of sounds does the writer hear in the morning?

a) Birds singing
b) Rain and thunder
c) Cars, buses, and people talking
d) Dogs barking only
2. What time does the construction work begin?
a) 6 a.m.
b) 8 a.m
c) 9 a.m.
d) 7 a.m
3. What is the problem with the construction site?
a) It blocks the road
b) It is far away
c) It makes loud noises
d) It is open only at night

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4. Why do the windows sometimes shake?
a) Because of the wind
b) Because of music
c) Because of the loud construction machines
d) Because of fireworks

5. What are some good things about the neighborhood?

a) It is always quiet
b) It is in the mountains
c) It has shops, parks, and schools
d) It is very empty

E. WRITING

7. Ask students to write a paragraph describing a person, an object, and an animal they
like, using the relative pronouns "who," "which," and "that."
Examples:
• "I have a friend who loves to read……………."
• "This is my phone, which I use every day………..."
• "I have a dog that likes to play in the park…………"

F. SPEAKING

8. Work in pairs and take turns to share with your classmates your responses to this
statement using relative clauses. Click on the link to find out the roulette
https://wordwall.net/es/resource/2862629/relative- clauses-speaking

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UNIT Rules Lesson
3 3C
Advices

A. VOCABULARY

1. Read the definitions and label the words from the box with the meaning that
belongs to them.
Personal difficulties for young adults

Depression -Bullying - Financial stress - substances abuse - stable employment

Unhealthy habits - lack of access to education - technology dependence

1. 2. 3. 4.
It is related to It is the harmful It is a mental health It means having a
digital devices and use of drugs or condition secure and
the internet, which alcohol that can characterized by consistent job that
can lead to lead to addiction, persistent feelings of provides a reliable
addiction, social health problems, sadness, income, job
isolation, and and negative hopelessness, and a security, and
neglect of real-life consequences in loss of interest or benefits.
activities. life. pleasure in
activities.

5. 6. 7. 8.
It refers to the These behaviors It refers to repeated occurs when
inability to obtain a can harm physical aggressive or hurtful someone feels
quality education or mental health, behavior, often overwhelmed or
due to barriers like such as smoking, involving a power anxious due to
financial overeating, or imbalance, intended their financial
constraints, excessive screen to intimidate, harm, situation,
location, or time. or control another including debt,
discrimination. person. expenses, and
income instability.

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 B. GRAMMAR= SHOULD/ SHOULDN’T

Should – shouldn’t

"Should" is a modal verb used to give advice or make recommendations. It suggests that something is a
good idea or the right thing to do.

Example: "You should eat more vegetables for a healthy diet."

"Shouldn't" is the negative form of "should." It is used to advise against or discourage a particular action.

Example: "You shouldn't smoke; it's harmful to your health."

In this sentence, "shouldn't" is used to discourage the action of smoking.

Ought to"

"Ought to" is another modal verb used to express a recommendation or suggestion, similar to "should." It's
slightly more formal and less common in everyday conversation.

Example: "You ought to start studying early to do well on the exam."

In this sentence, "ought to" suggests studying early as a good practice for success.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

2. Fill the gaps with Should or shouldn’t.

a) I eat your vegetables.

b) She eat too much candy.
c) Children go to bed early.
d) People smoke.
e) We talk back to our parents.
f) They drive without a license.
g) She cheat on her exams.
h) We lie to our friends.
i) They steal.
j) He stay up late.
k) We recycle our trash.
l) They drink litter.

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3. Look at the pictures and write at least three advice for
each situation, remember to use should or shouldn’t

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 C. READING

4. Read the blog, and underline the problem and highlight the given
advices

BLOG _DEAR MADDY_

Hi Maddy, I’m a 13-year-old teenager. I have a problem at school. Some
classmates bully me. They say bad things to me, leave me out, and sometimes hurt
me. I feel sad and scared. I don’t want to go to school. I don’t know why they do
this. I just want to feel safe and accepted. What can I do?

Hi,
I’m very sorry that you feel this way. Bullying is not okay. You don’t have to go through
this alone. Here is some advice:

❖ You should talk to someone you trust. It can be your parent, a teacher, or the
school counselor. Tell them what is happening.

❖ Write down what happens. You ought to write the date, time, place, and what the
bully says or does. This can help the school understand.

❖ You should spend time with good friends. They can help you feel happy and safe.

❖ Don’t think it’s your fault. Bullies often have problems too. It is not about you.

❖ Ask if your school has a group or program to stop bullying. It’s a good place to
talk and feel better.

❖ You should take care of yourself. Do fun things like playing sports, reading, or
listening to music.

❖ You ought to try to think positive. Things can get better. You are
important and you deserve to feel safe.
You are not alone. Many people care about you. Ask for help when you need it. You
deserve to be happy and safe at school.

5. Read the text above and choose the best option for each question.

1. What should Maddy do first when she is being bullied?

a) Stay quiet and ignore it
b) Talk to someone she trusts
c) Leave school forever
d) Fight with the bullies

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2. What ought Maddy to write in her notes about the bullying?
a) The names of her friends
b) Her homework assignments
c) The date, time, place, and what happened
d) A letter to the bully

3. Who should Maddy spend time with to feel better?

a) The bullies
b) Strangers
c) Good friends
d) Her teachers only

4. What ought Maddy to remember about the bullying?

a) That it is her fault
b) That she is not alone
c) That bullying is fun
d) That she should bully others

5. What should Maddy do to take care of herself?

a) Sleep all day
b) Stop going to school
c) Do fun activities like sports or reading
d) Watch TV all night

6. What ought Maddy to do to feel more positive?

a) Think about the worst
b) Stay angry at the bullies
c) Try to think positive and grow personally
d) Forget everything

D. LISTENING

1. Listen to the audio https://www.elllo.org/class/B1/B1-05-Should.html and write 1, 2, or 3 to

show which conversation the statement belongs to.
Statements Conversation
A. Someone is feeling sick but wants to keep working anyway.
B. A doctor gives medical advice and suggests calling if things get worse.
C. Someone learns that they should not learn too many words at once.
D. The best advice is to rest completely and not try to work at all.
E. A new language learner is recommended to use a vocabulary app.
F. Someone is told that their illness is not serious but could spread to
others
G. A creative idea is suggested for learning words using drawings
H. Someone is encouraged to visit a website to practice Spanish listening.

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 E. SPEAKING

2. Look at the table and choose a problem, then use the speaking bubble model to have
a dialogue, in which student A describes the problem and student b gives the advice,
remember to use should or shouldn’t appropriately.

I have a headache. I failed my English I can’t sleep at night There is not water nor
exam. electricity in my house.

I am depressed I want to It is my mom’s I think my

lose weight. birthday boyfriend/girlfriend
tomorrow is cheating on me.
I got fired from my I am broke, My English isn’t very I am starving.
job. good.

F. WRITING

8. Read the blog carefully, Then, write back advices to Sandy, use should and shouldn’t.

BLOG _DEAR MADDY_

Hi Maddy, I’m Sandy, I am 16 years old. I struggle with making new friends because of shyness
and fear of rejection. It's challenging to break the ice and start conversations. I worry about not
fitting in or saying something wrong. Help me! What should I do?

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UNIT Rules Lesson
3 3D
Obligation and prohibition

A. VOCABULARY

1. Read the definitions and choose from the word box the word you think represents
the definition. Then, check with your classmates and teacher.

Cheat / Plagiarism /Expulsion / Deadlines / Assignments / Discrimination

Word Definition

1 It is when someone is forced to leave a place like a school

or organization, often as a punishment for breaking
important rules

2 It is when someone treats another person unfairly or

differently because of things like their race, gender, or
religion. It's not being kind to everyone equally.

3 It is a specific time or date by which you must complete a

task or project. It's like a time limit, and it's important to
finish your work by that time.

4 It is when you use someone else's words or ideas and

present them as your own without giving them proper
credit. It's like copying someone else's work and
pretending it's yours.

5 These are tasks or pieces of work that your teacher or boss

gives you to do. They are like homework or projects that
you need to complete.

6 It means to do something dishonest or unfair to gain an

advantage. For example, copying someone else's answers
on a test is cheating.

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 B. GRAMMAR=MODAL VERBS FOR OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITIONS

Modal verbs for obligations and prohibitions

Must is used to express a strong obligation or necessity. It implies that something is required or
mandatory.

Example: "You must finish your homework before going out to play."

Have To is used to express an obligation or necessity, similar to "must." However, "have to"
often implies external requirements or rules.

Example: "I have to attend the meeting at 3 PM."

In this sentence, "have to" indicates an obligation based on external factors, like a scheduled
meeting.

Mustn't is used to express a strong prohibition or something that is not allowed. It indicates a
rule or restriction.

Example: "You mustn't smoke in this area; it's prohibited."

Don't Have To is used to indicate the absence of obligation. It means that something is optional
or not required.

Example: "You don't have to bring a gift to the party, but it's a nice gesture."

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

2. Choose the appropriate modal verb (must, have to, has to, mustn’t, don’t have to,
doesn’t have to) and complete each sentence

a) We finish your vegetables before having dessert.

b) I attend the meeting at 9 AM tomorrow.
c) Students wear uniforms at this school.
d) You remember to buy milk on the way home.
e) He forget to bring his passport when traveling abroad.
f) He arrive at the airport two hours before the flight.
g) She complete the assignment by the deadline.
h) They take off your shoes before entering the house.
i) She eat gluten-free food due to her allergy.
j) They apologize for being late to the appointment.

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 k) You smoke in this restaurant; it's a non-smoking area.
l) They use public transportation to reduce pollution.
m) She drive because her car is in the shop.
n) They stay in the office late tonight; it's optional.
o) You talk during the movie; it's rude.
p) He drink alcohol before driving a vehicle.
q) She go to the dentist regularly for check-ups.
r) Students bring a pencil to the exam; it's a requirement.
s) He worry about the test; he's well-prepared.
t) You forget to lock the door when you leave the house.

3. Look at the pictures and indicate the most suitable obligation or prohibition based on
the situation you see.

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 C. READING

Prohibition and Obligation at University in Ecuador

In Ecuador, universities are very important. They help young people learn and prepare
for the future. At university, students must follow rules. These rules help make a good
and safe place for learning.

Students mustn’t cheat or copy other people's work. This is called plagiarism, and it is
not allowed. Universities are very strict about this. If students copy, they can get in
trouble. Everyone must be honest when they study.

In class, students have to come on time. They have to listen to the teacher and do their
homework. They also must respect other students. All students are different, and we
must be kind to each other.

In many universities, students have to do community service. This means helping people
or working in the community. It is part of learning and growing.

These rules and responsibilities are important. Some things we mustn’t do, and some
things we have to do to be good students and good people.
.

4. Read the text and choose the best answer for each question.
1. What must students do at the university?
A. Sleep in class
B. Follow rules
C. Talk loudly
D. Skip lessons

2. What mustn't students do when writing?

A. Use books
B. Work hard
C. Copy other people’s work
D. Ask questions

3. Why must students be honest?

A. To finish quickly
B. To get more friends
C. To have fun
D. To follow university rules

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 4. What do students have to do before class?
A. Come on time
B. Eat lunch
C. Leave early
D. Play games

5. What must students do with other classmates?

A. Ignore them
B. Be kind and respectful
C. Shout at them
D. Make fun of them

D. LISTENING

5. Click on the link https://www.soundgrammar.com/learn/L4-CEFR-B1/L4-08-Have-

to-Must-Obligation.htm and listen to the four conversations. Then, choose the right
options for each statement. What conversation do they belong to?

Conversation
Statement
1 2 3 4
a) A man has to work today.
b) A woman has to clean her house.
c) Some people have to pay bills.
d) Some people have to mail some letters
e) People are talking about a donation.
f) Someone has to pick up children from school.
g) A woman has to clean the bathroom.
h) A man has to work at noon.
i) A woman has to do the laundry.
j) A man has to beat the traffic.

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 E. SPEAKING

6. Prepare a presentation, in which you describe the obligation and prohibitions you
have at your university. Include a digital poster to illustrate your ideas. The
presentation must be done in 1 minute in length.

F. WRITING

7. The email below belongs to your friend Sam, she lives in London. Read the email
and write back to her, in which, describe the prohibitions and obligations you have
to full fill in your university. The email must be done in 80 words.

Hi ,
Hope you're good! How's your new university? I'm curious about the rules and stuff
there. What do you have to do? What are the prohibitions there? Tell me when you can.
Take care,
Sam

Hi Sam,

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 UNIT Rules Lesson
3 3E
Autonomous work

A. VOCABULARY

1. Cross out the word that do not belong to the group.

Peel Cut Chop Mix Fill In
Misbehave Misunderstanding Misspell Misplace Miss You
Depression Doing Exercise Financial Stress Unhealthy Habits Bullying
Values Cheat Plagiarism Expulsion Discrimination
Report Reelection Reread Redo Retake
Overtime Overweight Over Reaction Overthink Overdose

B. READING

2. Read the text and classify the sentences into advices, obligations and prohibitions.

There is a young girl named Mia. She lives with her grandmother, Grandma Rose, in a cozy
little cottage on the outskirts of town. Mia is a responsible girl, and she has both obligations
and prohibitions that her grandmother taught her.
Mia's main obligation is:
She has to help Grandma Rose with daily chores. She has to sweep the floors, water the
plants, and feed the chickens. Grandma Rose often told her, "You must take care of our
home, Mia. It's important to work hard and keep things tidy."

There are also prohibitions Mia had to follow. She mustn't stay out after dark because the
woods could be dangerous. Grandma Rose warned her, "You mustn't wander into the forest
alone, Mia. It's not safe."

One day, Mia asked her grandmother for advice. Grandma Rose said, "Mia, you should
always be kind to others, you should treat people how you want to be treated. And
remember, you must always listen to your heart; it will guide you well."
Mia cherished her grandmother's advice. She wants to be a responsible and kind young lady,
following her obligations, heeding her prohibitions, and keeping her grandmother's wise
words close to her heart.

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 What advices does she receive? What are her obligations?

What are her prohibitions?

3. Read the text again and choose the right option for each question.

a) What is Mia's main obligation?

A. To go play with friends

B. To help Grandma Rose with daily chores
C. To explore the dangerous forest alone
D. To watch TV all-day

b) Why does Mia have a prohibition about staying out after dark?

A. Because she loves the dark

B. Because the woods are more fun at night
C. Because Grandma Rose warned her that it could be dangerous
D. Because she wants to be a rebel

c) What advice did Grandma Rose give Mia?

A. To always be unkind to others

B. To treat people how she wants to be treated
C. To ignore her heart's guidance
D. To avoid helping others

d) How does Mia feel about her grandmother's advice?

A. She ignores it
B. She doesn't care
C. She cherishes it and follows it
D. She forgets it immediately

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 e) What kind of girl is Mia trying to become?

A. A rude and irresponsible one

B. A rebellious one who breaks all the rules
C. A responsible and kind young lady
D. A careless and thoughtless one

C. LISTENING

4. Listen to the audio from Randall ESL Lab, click on this link
https://www.esl-lab.com/easy/college-life/ and choose the right
option.

a) What does the man want to do after he graduates?

1. He hopes to go on to graduate school.

2. He wants to work at a hotel.
3. He wants to become a teacher.

b) What is the woman's major?

1. computer science
2. French
3. History

c) How does the woman pay for college?

1. She received a scholarship.

2. Her parents are paying for it
3. She has a part-time job.

d) Where does the man work part-time?

1. at a bakery
2. at a restaurant
3. in a library

e) What thing did the man NOT say about his job?

1. The pay is okay.

2. His co-workers are friendly.
3. He works long hours.

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 D. GRAMMAR

5. Fill in the blanks with the right quantifier, choose between some or any.
a) There is delicious chocolate cake in the fridge.
b) She buys fresh strawberries for the dessert.
c) We need tomatoes for the salad.
d) He always puts sugar in his coffee.
e) There are cookies on the kitchen counter.
f) There isn't milk left in the refrigerator.
g) She doesn't have apples for the pie.
h) We don't need more salt in the soup.
i) He doesn't find oranges at the store.
j) There aren't eggs in the carton.
k) Is there ice cream in the freezer?
l) Do you have cheese for the pizza?
m) Are there onions in the salad?
n) Do you buy bread at the bakery?
o) Is there juice in the fridge?
p) She wants to buy fresh fish for dinner.
q) She doesn't want more ice cream.
r) We don't have more pasta in the pantry.
s) Is there cheese on the pizza?

6. Fill in the blank with should or shouldn’t

a) You eat more vegetables for a healthy diet.
b) She get enough sleep before the big exam.
c) We be polite and respectful to our elders.
d) He exercise regularly for better fitness.
e) They save some money for the future.
f) You skip breakfast; it's the most important meal.
g) She procrastinate if she wants to meet the deadline.
h) We be rude to others; it's not nice.
i) He smoke; it's harmful to his health.

95
7. Let’s play a board game. Play with your classmates and take turns to share
your answers.

96
 UNIT 4
INVENTIONS

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will be able to:

1. Say what someone could do and couldn´t do in

the past.
2. Use the past perfect tense to describe past events,
especially inventions and historical developments.
3. Differentiate between the past perfect and past
simple tenses

97
UNIT Inventions Lesson
4 4A
They could do it better!

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures and label them with the phrases from the word box.

B. GRAMMAR = COULD, COULDN’T

COULD - COULDNT
Could and couldn't are used to express past abilities or the lack of past abilities.

Could is the past tense of "can" and is used to indicate that someone had the ability or skill to do
something in the past.
Example:
 When I was a child, I could express my emotions easily.

Couldn't is the negative form of "could" and is used to indicate that someone did not have the
ability to do something in the past.
Example:
 He couldn't draw pictures until he was eleven years old.

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GRAMMAR EXERCISES
2. Fill in the blanks with COULD or COULDN’T

a) When I was 5 years old, I tie my shoes. (-)

b) My grandmother drive a car until she was 60 years old. (+)
c) My brother ride a bike until he was 8 years old. (+)
d) I speak English when I was 3 years old. (-)
e) My parents afford to send me to college when I was 18 years old. (+)
f) I swim when I was 2 years old. (+)
g) When I was a baby, I_________ crawl all around the house before I ______walk. (-)
h) I read when I was 4 years old. (-)
i) As a child, I _______ be so imaginative; I would create entire worlds out of nothing.(+)
j) I write my name when I was 3 years old. (+)

3. Look at the photos and write about Susan’s past abilities. Use the most suitable between
could and couldn’t

When Susan was 9 months, she could

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 C. READING

Abilities during childhood

Many famous people had special abilities when they were children. These early talents
helped them become successful adults. Some children could do things very early, and others
needed more time. But all of them worked hard and learned new skills.

For example, Albert Einstein couldn’t speak fluently until he was four years old. He was not
a quick learner at first. But later, he could explain very difficult scientific ideas. He became
a very important scientist. Mozart could play the piano and write music when he was only
five years old. He was very talented. He also liked to play imaginative games.

Oprah Winfrey grew up in a poor family. Life was difficult for her. She couldn’t imagine
she would be famous one day. But she could talk well and connect with people. She became
a great talk show host. Now, many people know her around the world.

These people show us that childhood is important. Maybe you could crawl late, or couldn’t
read fast as a child. That’s okay. Everyone learns at their own speed. If you work hard, you
could make it too!
.

4. Read the text and choose the right options for each question.

1. What could Mozart do when he was five years old?

A) He could teach music at school.
B) He could play the piano and write music.
C) He could build musical instruments.
D) He could act in movies.

2. Why is Albert Einstein’s story surprising?

A) He could speak perfectly when he was two.
B) He learned to read before he could walk.
C) He couldn’t speak fluently until he was four.
D) He wrote books as a baby.

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 3. What special ability did Oprah Winfrey have as a child?
A) She could sing very well.
B) She could talk well and connect with people.
C) She could play the guitar.
D) She could read five books a day.

4. What is a message from the text?

A) Only fast learners can be famous.
B) If you crawl late, you can’t be successful.
C) Children must be perfect to succeed.
D) Everyone learns at their own speed.

5. What couldn’t Oprah Winfrey do as a child?

A) She couldn’t imagine she would be famous.
B) She couldn’t go to school.
C) She couldn’t speak clearly.
D) She couldn’t talk with her family.

5. Click the link below!

https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/listening/208203 and listen to the
audio, then fill in the spaces with COULD or COULDN’T.
1. He visit his grandparents when he lived in China.
2. He read the text on the signs.
3. He understand Chinese.
4. After few months living there, He buy his lunch at school.
5. He play with some children.
6. He communicate with sign language.

E. WRITING

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 7. Read the facts about Jefferson Perez in the post above, and write a paragraph about

his past abilities.

F. SPEAKING

8. Think about a person you admire, and list their past abilities. Then, prepare a
presentation about this person in 1 minute. Share your ideas about what you learned with
your classmates.

102
UNIT Inventions Lesson
4 4B
Amazing Discoveries

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures and label them with the right word from the word box.

2. Practice vocabulary related to inventions. Click on the link

https://wordwall.net/resource/423730/tiger-6-unit-5-inventions-and-discoveries-
vocabulary and play the game. Then, share with the class your score and the new words
you have just learned.

103
B. GRAMMAR

PAST PERFECT
AFFIRMATIVE FORM

The Past Perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action
in the past. It helps us make it clear which of the two actions occurred first.

Structure

Subject + had + past participle verb+ complement.

Examples
 They had traveled to Europe before they met each other.
 By the time I arrived, he had already left.

Comon expressions with past perfect

Before She had already eaten before I arrived.

By the time He had finished the project by the time the boss returned.
When When she arrived, I had already left.
After After he had finished his work, he went home.

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GRAMMAR EXERCISES

3. Fill in the spaces with the past perfect form, use the verbs in the brackets.

a) I (study) for three hours before the exam.

b) By the time She realized my phone was off, the battery _______________(die) .
c) He (read) the book before he watched the movie adaptation.
d) The scientist (already/ complete) the microscope analysis before
the team arrived.
e) She (clean) the house before the guests came over.
f) The patients (take) the wrong antibiotic for a week.
g) I (fix) the car before we went on the road trip.
h) You (buy) the concert tickets in advance.
i) The old light bulb________________ (burn) out and no one has done anything.
j) They (travel) to Europe before they got married.
k) She (go) to the store before she realized she forgot her wallet.
l) The light (go) out before the generator arrived.

4. Use the time table to write sentences about Susan, using past perfect forms.

At 10h00 At 12h00 At 3h00 pm At 4h00 pm At 10h00 pm

Make lunch Have online Do the Take a shower Upload the
for kids classes chores task on
Moodle
Thursday
At 12h00 At 1h00 pm At 2h00 pm At 5h00 pm At 11h00 pm
Finish her start Have online Prepare dinner sleep
community professional English
service internships classes

By 11h00 pm, she had

When she went to sleep, she had

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C. READING

Most important inventions for human beings

People have always created things to improve their
lives. These inventions have made our world
better. Before modern tools, people had used
simple things like stones and wood to survive.

A long time ago, people had invented the wheel. It

helped them move heavy things more easily. The
wheel changed transportation. It also helped
people in farming and business.

In the 15th century, a man named Gutenberg had

built a machine called the printing press. It helped
print books. Before that, people had written everything by hand. The printing press
helped more people read and learn.

Later, people had created the steam engine. It was an important machine that used heat
and water. It gave power to trains and factories. Then, they had invented the light bulb,
battery, and electricity to power homes.

Now, we use the internet and clean energy like wind and solar power. Before, people
had used oil and coal. New inventions will continue to change our world.

5. Read the text and circle true or false for each question. If the question is false, writes the
right answer.

A. People have always created inventions to make life easier. T / F

B. Before modern tools, people had used computers to survive. T / F

C. The wheel helped people move heavy things and changed transportation. T / F

D. The wheel was invented in the 15th century. T / F

E. Gutenberg had built a printing press that helped print books. T / F

F. Before the printing press, people had read books online. T / F

G. The steam engine used electricity to power homes. T / F

H. People had invented the light bulb and battery after the steam engine. T / F

I. Today, we use wind and solar power for clean energy. T / F

J. People had always used clean energy before the internet. T / F

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 D. LISTENING

6. Click on the link https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-second-language-

esl/923366 and listen to the audio, then, choose the best option for each question.

a. What is the name of the programme?

A. Invention of the week
B. Important invention
C. Invention for the week
D. Great invention of the week

b. Colin is
A. Eighteen
B. Seventeen
C. Sixteen
D. Fifteen

c. Colin is from
A. South Ireland
B. Ireland
C. Scotland
D. England

d. Colin’s invention is for children with

A. Sight problems
B. Learning problems
C. Hearing problems
D. Breathing problems

e. The child breaths the spray through the elephant’s

A. Mouth
B. Trunk
C. Ear
D. Tail

f. Who suffers from asthma?

A. Colin’s sister
B. Colin’s mother
C. Colin’s cousin
D. Colin’s brother

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 E. WRITING

7. Use the timeline on exercise 4 and 7 to guide you, and write about the activities you
had done before going to sleep

By the time I went to sleep, I had

F. SPEAKING

8. Work in pairs or small groups. Prepare a short presentation of a personal story. Describe
a few events from your past, and use the past perfect tense to explain what had happened
before other things.

 The presentation must last 1 minute.

 Add pictures

Example: Before I moved to my new city, I had already visited several times to explore
and find a place to live…

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UNIT Inventions Lesson
4 4C
Great minds

A. VOCABULARY

1. Watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOEEp_NdAZ4 and fill in the

table with the information required in each column.

Inventions Year of invention Inventor Inventor’s nationality

Light bulb

Thermometer

Mobile phone

Bicycle

Radio

Sewing machine

Microscope

Balloon

Calculator
Lift /elevator

Safety pins

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 B. GRAMMAR= PAST PERFECT NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE

Past perfect negative and interrogative forms

The Past Perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action
in the past.

Negative Form:
To form the negative form of the Past Perfect tense, you typically use "had not" or the
contraction "hadn't" followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

Subject + had not (hadn't) + past participle (verb in past participle form)

Examples:

 She had not bought a sewing machine before last week.

 They hadn't repaired the calculator by the time the deadline

arrived. "Hadn't" is the contraction for "had not" in the negative form.

Interrogative Form:
To form the interrogative (question) form of the Past Perfect tense, only switch the
subject and "had" and use the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

Had + subject + past participle (verb in past participle form)?

Examples:

 Had she bought a sewing machine before last week?

 Had they repaired the calculator by the time the deadline arrived?

These forms of the Past Perfect tense are essential for discussing actions that happened
before other actions in the past and for asking questions or making negative statements
about such actions.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

2. Fill in the blanks with the negative form of past perfect. Use the verbs form the word
box.

a) By the time the repairman arrived, the light bulbs ____________(not / be) replaced.
b) They (not / visit) that museum before last summer.
c) By the time the doctor arrived, the thermometers _____________________ (not/ buy)
d) We (not / eat) dinner before the movie started.

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 e) When I tried to ride it, My brother _____________________ (not / repair) my bicycle.
f) Tina (not / read) the book before watching the movie.
g) I (not / sleep) for days before the exam.
h) He (not / buy) the tickets in advance.
i) I (not/eat) before I went to the restaurant.
j) She (not/go) to the store before she realized she forgot her wallet.
k) They (not/find) the lost dog before the owner called the police.
l) He (not/swim) across the river before he got tired.
m) Before the party began, my sister _________________(not/ inflate) the balloons.
n) We (not/be) to the museum before, but we didn't remember
much about it.
o) By the time I found the old phone, Joseph ____________(not / charge) his mobile
phone for days.

3. Use the clues to make questions using the past perfect form.

Example= Last night-arrive-you / before I (come)

Had you arrived last night before I came?

a) By the time-you-arrive / he (finish) the conversation?

b) When -you-call-her/ she (leave)?

c) Before-concert-start / she (eat)?

d) By the end of the day / we (read)?

e) What / you (do) before you went to bed?

f) By the time they (get) to the party/ everyone (leave)?

g) How many chapters /we (read) before the exam?

h) What / he (discuss) before the meeting?

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C. READING

Hedy Lamarr

Hedy Lamarr was a famous lady who lived a long time ago. She was born
in Austria in 1914 and became a big movie star. She acted in many movies
and was known for her beauty and talent.

But Hedy was not just a movie star; she was also very smart. During World
War II, she had an idea to help the soldiers. She and her friend George Antheil
created a special device that could control torpedoes using secret radio
signals. This made it hard for the enemies to stop the torpedoes. Even though
Hedy was very smart, not many people knew about her invention at that
time. It was a secret for many years.

Later on, people realized how important Hedy's invention was. It became
the basis for things like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS that we use in our phones
and computers today. So, Hedy Lamarr not only acted in movies but also
helped make our modern world more connected.

Hedy Lamarr's life shows that you can be beautiful, famous, and smart all at
the same time. She will always be remembered as both a Hollywood star and
a clever inventor who changed the world with her ideas.

4. Read the text and choose the right option for each question.
1. What was the purpose of Hedy Lamarr’s invention during World War II?
a) To help soldiers send letters
b) To secretly control torpedoes
c) To create stronger radios
d) To help in making movies

2. Why didn’t many people know about Hedy Lamarr’s invention at first?
a) It was too complicated
b) It was kept a secret for many years
c) It didn’t work properly
d) It was not useful at the time

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 3. What modern technologies were influenced by Hedy’s invention?
a) Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS
b) Television and radio
c) Cars and airplanes
d) Phones and cameras

4. What does Hedy Lamarr’s life teach us?

a) Only famous people can be smart
b) Beauty and intelligence can go together
c) Inventions are only made by scientists
d) Acting is more important than science

5. How is Hedy Lamarr remembered today?

a) Only as a beautiful actress
b) As a famous scientist
c) As both a Hollywood star and a brilliant inventor
d) As a radio engineer

6. What year was Hedy Lamarr born?

a) 1920
b) 1914
c) 1930
d) 1905

7. Who worked with Hedy Lamarr on her invention?

a) Albert Einstein
b) Nikola Tesla
c) George Antheil
d) Thomas Edison

D. LISTENING

5. Click on the link https://english-practice.net/practice-listening-and-

speaking-english-for-daily-communication-thomas-edison/ and choose
true or false for each statement.

a) Thomas Edison was born in a large city in 1847. T F

b)Edison’s teacher believed he was not very intelligent. T F
c) Edison’s mother agreed that Thomas was stupid. T F
d)Edison was not interested in inventing until he became an old man. T F
e) His first invention was a vote-counting machine. T F
f) The government bought Edison’s vote-counting machine. T F
g)Edison invented a light bulb that lasted a long time in 1879. T F
h)The phonograph was a machine for recording sounds. T F
i) People still use phonographs today instead of CDs. T F
j) Edison thought hard work was more important than inspiration. T F

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 E. WRITING

6. Read the prompt and fill in the spaces with your own ideas. Remember to use the past
perfect.

Example: Before I opened the mysterious box, I had heard strange noises
coming from it.
(What happened before? What had you done, found, or heard?)

a) By the time the police arrived, someone had...

(Who did what? What had already happened?)
b) I had never felt so surprised until...
(Describe a surprising event and what made it so unexpected.)
c) After we had buried the treasure, we...
(What happened next? Why did you bury it?)
d) When I got to school, I realized I had...
(What had you forgotten or done wrong before arriving?)
e) The dragon had already disappeared by the time...
(Tell a fantasy story. Who saw it? What happened before?)
f) They had just finished building the robot when...
(What did the robot do? What happened after that?)

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 F. SPEAKING

7. Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the following questions.
Remember to answer them using past perfect forms.

1. What had you 2. What had you 3. What book 4. By the time you
already done accomplished had you read took your last trip,
by the time by the time before you how had your travel
you you started saw the preferences
finished university? movie evolved?
the day? version?

5. What 6. What cities 7. Before you 8. What skills

languages had had you turned 18, had you
you already traveled what had developed by
learnt before before been your the time you
you were 17 becoming an hobbies? moved to
years old? adult? another city
for studios?

115
UNIT Inventions Lesson
4 4D
Changing the world

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures a write below the actions they refer to. Use words from the box.

Was Born - Passed away - Created - Studied - Moved - Started your company - Got Recognition

B. GRAMMAR = PAST PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST

Past perfect vs. simple past

The simple past is used to describe actions or events that happened at a specific point in
the past. It indicates that the action is completed and no longer ongoing.
It is often used with time expressions like yesterday, last week, two years ago, in 1990,
etc.
Example: "She started her company two years ago."

The past perfect is used to describe actions or events that happened before another action
or event in the past. It helps to establish a sequence of events in the past.

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 It is formed by using "had" + the past participle of the verb.
 It is often used with expressions like "before," "after," "by the time," "already,"
and "until."

Example: "By the time we got a recognition, she had already left."

Key Differences:
Simple Past: Describes a single completed action in the past.
Past Perfect: Describes an action that happened before another action in the past.
Simple past is used for describing individual past actions, while past perfect is used to
show which of two past actions happened first.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

2. Read carefully the statements and fill in the blank spaces with the right tense.
Choose between simple past or past perfect.

a) By the time Julie (start) her company, She

(already/create) several successful prototypes.
b) She (study) for the exam all night because she
(not/prepare) earlier.
c) After My friend (pass) away, his family _____________
(already / move) to a new city.
d) They (visit) several museums during their vacation last
summer.
e) By the time I ______ (be) born, my parents ____________ (already
/start) their own business.
f) She (never/try) sushi before, so she was hesitant when
she (see) it on the menu.
g) When they (move) to the new house, they _____________
(already/study) the area extensively.
h) By the time we (arrive) at the airport, the flight
(already/leave).
i) She (lose) her keys, so she (have) to
ask for a spare set.
j) When I (see) the movie, I
(already/read) the book it was based on.
k) I (already/go) to the store before I
(meet) you.

117
 l) She (already/buy) a new dress before she (go) to the party.
m) Before Sarah ______________ (start) university class, she _______________( move)
to a different city.

C. READING

1. Read the text about “Thomas Edison” then, answer the questions below.
Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison was born on February 11, 1847, in Ohio, USA. He passed away on
October 18, 1931, in New Jersey, USA

Thomas Edison was a famous inventor from the United States. He was born in Ohio in
1847. Even as a young boy, he was very curious and loved to learn new things.
One of his most important inventions was the light bulb. He wanted to create a light that
could stay on for a long time, and he did it! People could use his light bulbs to brighten
their homes and streets.

Edison also made something called the phonograph, which was like a music player. You
could listen to music on it, and it was the beginning of modern music players.
He also worked on early movies. He created a machine called the Kinetoscope that
showed moving pictures, like the ones we see in movies today.
Thomas Edison was a very hardworking person. He had many ideas and inventions. He
even started a big company called General Electric.

He passed away in 1931, but his inventions are still important today. Edison's light bulbs
light up our homes, and his work in movies and music has shaped the entertainment we
enjoy today.

He is a famous inventor, and his life shows that with curiosity and hard work, anyone can
change the world.

118
 3. Read the text again and choose the right option for each statement.

1.Edison’s most famous invention was the telephone.

a) True
b) False
c) Not mentioned
d) Both true and false

2. Edison invented the light bulb so people could brighten their homes and streets.
a) True
b) False
c) Not mentioned
d) Both true and false

3.The phonograph was an early type of movie camera.

a) True
b) False
c) Not mentioned
d) Both true and false

4. Edison created a machine called the Kinetoscope that showed moving pictures.
a) True
b) False
c) Not mentioned
d) Both true and false

5. Thomas Edison started a company called General Electric.

a) True
b) False
c) Not mentioned
d) Both true and false

4. Read the text again. Then, make a timeline with the main inventions and important moments in
Thomas Edison’s life

1847 1879 1887

1891 1892 1931

119
 D. LISTENING

4. Click on the link https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-second-language-

esl/51496 , then listen to the speaker and match the inventor with his inventions, year of
invention and his country.

E. WRITING

5. Using the provided template, gather information about a well-known inventor. Then,
write his/her biography, making sure to primarily use the simple past and past perfect
verb tenses.

Biography of ________________________________

Date and place of birth and death

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Family information

Lifetime accomplishment

Major events in his /her life

F. SPEAKING
6. Create a 1-minute presentation about your favorite scientist. Include a visual aid, such as
A digital infographic or slide, to support your key points. Make sure to briefly cover them
most important discoveries and contributions to their field.

121
 UNIT Inventions Lesson
4 4E
Autonomous work

A. VOCABULARY

1. Cross out the word that do not belong to the group.

Crawl Express emotions Quick learner Draw pictures Invent a machine
Light bulb X ray machine Battery antibiotic
Visit study create sell move
Buy read look Write sell

2. Write 5 sentences using past simple and past perfect with the vocabulary above.

1. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. READING

Steve Jobs

Steve Jobs was a famous man who helped

create amazing things. He was born in
California, USA, on February 24, 1955. When
he was young, he liked electronics and learning
about computers.

Steve Jobs and his friend Steve Wozniak

started making a computer in a garage. They
called it the Apple I, and it came out in 1976.
People liked it a lot, so they made more. Apple
became a big company.

122
In 1984, Jobs made a special computer called the Macintosh. It had pictures on the screen,
and it was easy to use. People loved it because it was different from other computers.
But in 1985, Jobs had to leave Apple because of problems with the company. He felt sad,
but he didn't give up. He started a new company called NeXT, and it made computers for
schools and businesses. He also bought Pixar, a company that made animated movies.

Jobs came back to Apple in 1997. At that time, Apple was not doing well. But Jobs had
many ideas. He made new things like the iMac, iPod, iPhone, and iPad. These things
changed the world. The iPhone, for example, changed how we talk and play with
phones. Jobs was also smart about selling music and apps. He made iTunes and the App
Store, where people could buy music and apps for their devices.

Steve Jobs made technology easy and beautiful. He cared about how things looked and
worked. His ideas inspired many people around the world.

Sadly, Steve Jobs passed away on October 5, 2011, because of an illness. But his inventions
and ideas are still important today. He showed that if you work hard and have good ideas,
you can change the world.

3. Read the text and choose true or false. If the sentence is false, write the right answer.

a. Steve Jobs was born in California on February 24, 1955. T F

___________________________________________________________
b. The Apple I computer was created in 1976, not 1984. T F
___________________________________________________________
c. The Macintosh computer was known for its easy-to-use interface and visual
display. T F
___________________________________________________________
d. Steve Jobs had to leave Apple in 1985 due to problems with the company.
T F
___________________________________________________________
e. Steve Jobs bought Pixar and it made animated movies before he returned to
Apple in 1997 T F
___________________________________________________________
f. Steve Jobs passed away on October 5, 2011, due to an illness, but his inventions
continue to be influential today. T F
_______________________________________________________________________

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 C. LISTENING

4. Listen to the audio from Randall ESL Lab, click on this link
https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-second-language-esl/929421
and choose true or false.

1. Louis Braille was born blind. T F

2. Braille wasn’t able to go to school. T F
3. Charles Barbier developed a system for reading in the dark. T F
4. Braille was immediately successful. T F
5. Braille is still used today. T F

D. GRAMMAR

5. Fill in the blank with the right form of past perfect form
a) By the time we arrived, they (already/finish) the project.
b) Susan and Andrew (read) three books before her exams.
c) They (never/travel) to Asia before last summer.
d) Louis (complete) all the assignments by Monday.
e) Sarah (watch) the movie before she went to bed.
f) I (not/eat) lunch before I left for the meeting.
g) Children (never/visit) that museum before last weekend.
h) Sully (not/start) her homework until after dinner.
i) The shop (close) before we could buy anything.
j) You and I (not/see) the movie because it was sold out.
k) you (hear) the news before I told you?
l) she (already/arrive) when you called?
m) they (find) the lost keys in the garden?
n) he (visit) Paris before his trip to London?
o) you (ever/try) sushi before?
p) Thalia (not/start) her assignment before her computer
crashed.
q) they (finish) the project on time?
r) By the time we got there, the store (close).
s) Peter (not/see) the concert because he lost his ticket.

124
6. Fill in the blanks with the right tense between simple past or past perfect

a) Yanine in this town for ten years, but she here from
another city. (live/ move)
b) I sushi before, so I it for the
first time yesterday. (taste/ try)
c) Miguel reading the book yesterday, and he it a lot.
(finish/ enjoy)
d) They Paris twice, and they to
the Louvre Museum both times. (visit/go)
e) Jeane that movie before, but she it
again last night. (watch/see)
f) We to this restaurant several times, and we there just last
week. (be/eat)
g) He at the company for five years, and he a promotion
recently. (work/receive)

7. Read each question about inventions and answer them.

a. Who invented the light bulb, and what had he done before creating it?
________________________________________________________
b. When did Alexander Graham Bell invent the telephone, and what had people
used
To communicate before that?
________________________________________________________
c. What technology did people use before they had smartphones?
________________________________________________________
d. Had people used cars before Henry Ford started mass-producing them?
________________________________________________________
e. When Steve Jobs launch the first iPhone, and what had Apple invented before
that?
________________________________________________________

125
 UNIT 5
TECHNOLOGY

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will be able to:

1. Make affirmative sentences in the future simple tense
using "will."
2. Explore and predict the future of technology.
3. Create questions in the future simple tense using "will".
4. Describe their technology-related capabilities and
experiences across different phases of their lives.

126
UNIT Technology Lesson
5 5A
Smart devices

A. VOCABULARY

1.-Recycle vocabulary from previous units, and write the nouns in the correct column. Then,
choose five words to make mixed tenses sentences. Share them with your class.

B. GRAMMAR

FUTURE SIMPLE = WILL

The future simple tense is used to describe actions or events that will happen
in the future. When forming affirmative statements in the future simple
tense, you use the auxiliary verb "will" be followed by the base form of the
main verb.
future simple tense is often used for predictions, promises, spontaneous
decisions, and statements about the future. It is one of the most common
tenses for discussing future actions in English.

Structure:
[Subject] + [Will] + [Base form of the verb] + [Rest of the sentence]

Examples:
 We will visit our grandparents this weekend.
 I will go to the store tomorrow.
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GRAMMAR EXERCISES

2.-Fill in the blanks with the right verbs. Use the future sentences affirmative form
with a verb from the word box.

Launch/ Watch / Go/Start/ Graduate/ Move/ Complete/Buy/Visit/ Enjoy/ Bring

a) Tomorrow, I to the beach with my children.

b) He his job tomorrow.
c) She a new book next month.
d) She her grandparents over the summer.
e) They last movie when it comes out.
f) My friend from college in three years.
g) The company a new product in the summer.
h) We to a new city after they get married.
i) I'm sure you the party on Saturday.
j) Women some gifts for your birthday party.
k) By the end of the week, she the project.

3.- Complete the sentences with "won't" and the correct verb.

1. I __________ (attend) the meeting tomorrow because I’m busy.

2. She __________ (buy) a new phone this year; her current one is still working well.
3. They __________ (come) to the party if it rains.
4. We __________ (watch) that movie; it’s too late now.
5. John __________ (finish) his homework by tonight; he has too much to do.
6. The store __________ (open) on Sunday because it’s a holiday.
7. You __________ (find) a solution if you don’t ask for help.
8. He __________ (travel) to Europe next summer because he’s saving money.
9. I __________ (eat) dessert after dinner; I’m too full.
10. The team __________ (win) the match if they don’t train hard.

128
4.-Look at the pictures and write about Tom’s predictions for their next month.

129
 C. READING

5.-Read the text and underline the sentences with will, indicating predictions.

Juan’s future life

Juan is a student of nursing at UTB. He has big dreams for his future, and he believes that
he will have a successful career as a nurse.

Juan knows that studying nursing is not easy, but he is determined. He will work hard and
learn all the important skills he needs. He will spend many hours in the library, reading
books and studying. He will also practice taking care of patients at the hospital.

In the future, Juan will graduate from UTB with a nursing degree. He will feel so proud
of himself. After graduation, he will start looking for a job at a hospital. He hopes to work
in the emergency room because he wants to help people when they are sick or hurt.

Juan believes that he will be a great nurse. He will be kind and patient with his patients.
He will always listen to them and try to make them feel better. He will work with a team
of doctors and nurses, and they will all work together to save lives.

Juan's future looks bright. He will be a caring and dedicated nurse, and he will make a
positive difference in the lives of many people.

6.-Read the text and choose the right option for each question.
a. What is Juan studying at UTB?
A) Engineering
B) Nursing
C) Law
D) Psychology

b. Where is Juan studying nursing?

A) UNEMI
B) UTB
C) It's an easy field of study.
D) He doesn't believe in a successful nursing career.

130
c. Where will Juan spend many hours studying?
A) At the gym
B) In the library
C) At the park
D) In the cafeteria

d. What does Juan hope to do after graduating from UTB?

A) Travel the world
B) Find a job at a hospital
C) Start his own business
D) Take a break from studying

e. In which department does Juan want to work at the hospital?

A) Accounting
B) Emergency room
C) Marketing
D) Human resources

f. What will Juan practice at the hospital?

A) He will also practice taking care of patients at the hospital
B) He will be kind and patient, always listening to them.
C) He will avoid talking to his patients.
D) He will only work alone without a team of doctors and nurses.

D. LISTENING

7.-Click on the link https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-second-

language-esl/379928 and choose the right answer for each question.

a. What happened to Justin’s phone?

A. Someone stole it
B. It’s frozen again
C. He forgot the password.

b. Why does he have that problem?

A. Someone hacked it
B. It’s a virus
C. It’s too old
c. What recommendation did Allie give Justin?
A. To buy a new cellphone.
B. To reset the phone
C. To install a good antivirus and update it.

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d. She also recommends to all the passwords and not to use public

A. Reset/ Wi-Fi networks

B. Update / antivirus
C. Download/ internet

E. WRITING

8.-Write predictions about your Future Life. Use future simple tense and
Vocabulary of this lesson. Make at least 10 statements.

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 F. SPEAKING

9.-Make a presentation about your future life, include predictions related to your
academic, personal, professional areas. It must be done in 1 minute. Use the
vocabulary of this lesson. Use a collage of pictures to share the predictions.

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UNIT Technology Lesson
5 5B
Technology

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the images and label them with the right word from the word box.

Blog Podcast Download Upload Search Engine Link

2. Use the vocabulary on exercise 1 to fill in the spaces with the right word.

a. You want to the video so that I can watch it on my phone.

b. I used a to find information for my project.
c. He has a about cooking healthy food.
d. You like to listen to a about languages.
e. My boyfriend a lot of information to do our project.
f. They some information on the platform, but it
did not appear here.

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B. GRAMMAR

FUTURE TENSES- WILL- NEGATIVE FORM

The future simple tense in negative form is used to express actions or events that will
not happen in the future. To create negative sentences in the future simple tense, you
typically use the auxiliary verb "will not" (won't) followed by the base form of the main
verb.

Structure:
[Subject] + [Will not / Won't] + [Base form verb] + [Rest of the sentence]

Examples:
 I won't go to the party tonight.
 She won't visit her relatives next month.
 They won't buy a new car this year.
The use of won't (will not) makes the sentences negative, indicating that the actions
described in each sentence will not occur in the future. The base form of the verb
remains unchanged.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

3. Fill in the spaces with the negative form of will, use the verbs in the word box.

Go-Buy–Eat–Visit–Study-Decide–Travel–Watch–Play–Come-Launch-Attend-Change

a. You to the concert next month.

b. Steven the meeting tomorrow.
c. We a new car next week.
d. She his relatives this fall.
e. They at that restaurant tonight.
f. My sisters for the exam next weekend.
g. The company a new product in the near future.
h. The sales in a short term.
i. Mary to Japan anytime soon.
j. We that movie this morning.
k. The boys outside in the rain.
l. Sury to my house next year.
m. My wife what to do about her situation.

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 C. READING

The Importance of Technology in Education and Daily Life

Technology is very important for both education and our everyday lives. It helps us learn
better and makes our daily tasks easier. In education, technology has changed the way we
learn. It makes learning more fun and accessible. We can use computers, tablets, and the
internet to find information on any topic. Also, people can upload and download information.
This is great for students because they can learn at their own pace. Educational apps and
games make learning enjoyable. Blogs, podcasts, video calls, and online classes help us
connect with teachers, students, and experts from all over the world.

Related to our daily life, technology is everywhere in our daily lives. We use smartphones,
computers, and the internet to communicate with friends and family. Smart devices like
thermostats and voice assistants make our homes more comfortable. We can shop online,
pay bills, and do our work from home. Technology even helps us stay healthy with fitness
trackers and medical apps.

In the future, technology will continue to change our lives. Artificial intelligence (AI) will
become more common. It will help us with tasks like organizing our schedules and even
driving cars. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) will make entertainment
and learning more immersive. We will see more robots helping with household chores.

The internet will get faster, and more devices will be connected. This means our homes
will become smarter and more energy-efficient. Also, technology will play a big role in
solving environmental problems, like reducing pollution and using clean energy.

4.-Read the text again and choose the right option with True or False

a) Technology allows students to learn at their own pace through educational apps and games.
True
False
b) In the future, AI will become less common and less useful in our everyday lives.
True
False
c) Technology has made learning less accessible for students.
True
False
d) Artificial intelligence (AI) will help organize schedules and drive cars in the future.
True
False
e) The Internet of Things will make our homes smarter and more energy-efficient.
True
False

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 D. LISTENING

5.- Listen to the audio 9 Lesson 5B, and fill in the spaces with the most suitable word.
Technology

Science Fiction / Fridges/ Kinds /Computers/ Technology / Shelves

What would we do without 1 ? Would we still be living in caves?

Probably. I think there are two main 2 of technology. The kinds before
and after computers. When we think about technology before 3 , it was
quite basic. It was all mechanical. Things like steam trains and 4 .
At the time, that was cutting edge technology. But today’s technology is really cutting
edge. It’s the kind of technology that is out of date as soon as it hits the
5 . I love this. It’s so exciting seeing it all happen. I love reading about
what technology we’ll have in the future, and then buy it a few years later. It’s like buying
technology from 6 movies. I’d love to live to be 200 so I can see
what technology is around then.

E. WRITING

6.- Think about technology and inventions. Make 5 predictions related to

technology. Use the vocabulary from this Lesson

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 F. SPEAKING

8. Students work in pairs and perform a "Tech-Free Weekend Plan" roleplay, where
students imagine spending two days without any digital devices and explain what they
will do instead of using technology, encouraging creativity, real-life and this lesson
vocabulary

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UNIT Technology Lesson
5 5C
Artificial intelligence

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures, then use the word in the word box to label each one with it
right picture.

Chatbot / Data Analysis /AI Assistant/ Speech Recognition / Robot/ Machine Learning

2. Read the statement carefully and fill in the blanks with the vocabulary from
exercise 1.

a) The _____________ will answer your questions in just a few seconds.

b) _______________ will help companies make smarter business decisions.

c) The _______________ will schedule your meetings automatically.

d) _____________ will improve communication for people with disabilities.

e) The _______________ will clean the house while we are at work.

f) _______________ will change the way we solve complex problems.

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 B. GRAMMAR

Simple future tense-Will- interrogative form

It allows you to ask questions about future actions or events. To form interrogative
sentences in the future simple tense, you generally start with the auxiliary verb "will"
followed by the subject, then the base form of the main verb, and finally the rest of the
sentence.

Structure:

[Will] + [Subject] + [Base form of the verb] + [Rest of the sentence]?

 Will you come to the party tomorrow?

 Will they visit their grandparents next weekend?
 Will she study for the exam tonight?

In interrogative sentences using the future simple tense, the placement of "will" at the
beginning of the sentence signals that it's a question about a future action or event. This
structure is commonly used to gather information about future plans, intentions, or
predictions.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

3. Fill in the blanks with the interrogative form of Will. Use the verbs form the
word box.

Go - Travel - Have- Start - Snow- Be — Visit - Buy - Come- Finish

a. you to my birthday party on Sunday?

b. we the project by the deadline?

c. he a new car next week?

d. they a picnic in the park this week?

e. you to Europe next month?

f. it tomorrow?

g. you attending the conference in October 17th?

h. He their grandparents during the holidays?

i. you a new job in the fall?

j. He to the beach for vacation this month?

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 4. Read and order the words to make questions using the future tense simple

a) virtual reality (VR)/ revolutionize/ the way/ we/ experience / entertainment

?

b) speech recognition technology/ become / more accurate over time

?

c) artificial intelligence (AI) /impact /healthcare by diagnosing diseases faster

?

d) the Internet of Things (IoT) /connect / even more devices/ in our homes

e) smart cities/ be/ a reality /with the advancement of technology

?

f) artificial general intelligence (AGI) /be /achieved in the/ coming decades

C. READING

The Benefits of Artificial Intelligence in Our Lives

Artificial Intelligence is something that helps us in many ways in our daily life. Ai is
useful. AI gives us personal assistants like Siri and Alexa. They can answer our questions,
set reminders, and even control our home devices, making life easier. They also help
students with their studies. They can use AI to find information, get explanations, and
practice skills online.

In healthcare, AI helps doctors and nurses make better decisions about our health. It can
analyze medical data quickly, helping to diagnose diseases and suggest treatments.

141
In entertainment, AI recommends movies, music, and books based on our preferences,
making our entertainment more enjoyable. In factories and businesses, AI robots can work
quickly, increasing productivity and reducing errors. Also, AI can translate languages,
helping people from different places communicate better. In transportation, there are cars
guided by AI that can make our journey safer and reduce traffic.

5. Read the text and choose the best option for each question.

1. What will Siri and Alexa help us do?

A. Play sports
B. Set reminders and control home devices
C. Cook food
D. Drive a car

2. What will AI help students with?

A. Write books
B. Travel abroad
C. Learn and practice online
D. Play musical instruments

3. In healthcare, what will AI do?

A. Teach English
B. Make videos
C. Help doctors make health decisions
D. Wash hospital beds

4. What will AI not do in entertainment?

A. Recommend music and movies
B. Suggest books
C. Clean the TV
D. Make our choices more enjoyable

5. What will AI robots do in factories?

A. Walk the dogs
B. Paint houses
C. Work fast and reduce mistakes
D. Fly airplanes

6. What won’t AI cars do?

A. Help reduce traffic
B. Drive by themselves
C. Make trips safer
D. Cook lunch

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 D. LISTENING

6. Listen to the audio 10, Lesson 5C and fill in the blank spaces with words from the word box.

Artificial intelligence

Human Life / Scientist / Computer / Artificial Intelligence /Users/

Narrow / Task/ Goals/ Digital Assistants

Artificial intelligence, or AI, is any type of 1 that can learn how to do

tasks on its own. 2 is starting to become very common in
everyday life. Phones and tablets often come with intelligent 3 .
Streaming platforms use AI to recommend content to their 4 . The
type of AI we have today is called 5 AI, which means it can only
perform very specific 6 . Researchers are trying to create
something called general AI, which would be able to think and learn like a human. But
many 7 are concerned about the future of AI. An extremely
intelligent computer would be very good at accomplishing its 8 ,
but it might not care very much about 9 .

E. WRITING

7.- Write a Composition with 100 words about ‘’ The Benefits of Artificial Intelligence in Our
Lives: Use the vocabulary from this lesson, and make it 90 words in length.

143
 F. SPEAKING

8.- Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer questions. Remember to answer them
using future tense forms.

Think about the life in our planet in 200 years’ time.

1. What will people look 2.How long will people 3.What kind of transport
like? live? will people use?

4.How will they spend 5.Where will they go on 6. Sport will be popular?
their free time? holiday?

7.Which new machines 8.How will the weather 9.What will change in the
will be invented? change? field of medicine?

10. What will change in 11. What will change in 12. What will change in the
the field of education? the field of agriculture? field of entertainment?

144
UNIT Technology Lesson
5 5D
Technological capabilities

A. VOCABULARY

1. Click on the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0Dc58-_JBY then, watch

the verbs and practice their pronunciation.

2. Fill in the blanks with the right verb. Use the verbs from the word box.

Click/ chat/ change / copy/ scroll up/ submit / surf the net/ text / type

a) I will on the link to open the website.

b) Let's later after I finish my work.
c) I need to my shirt before we go out.
d) Please this document and save it on your computer.
e) To read the earlier messages, you can in the chat.
f) Don't forget to your assignment before the deadline.
g) I like to to find interesting articles.
h) I will you the details of the meeting tomorrow.
i) She can very quickly on the keyboard.

145
 B. GRAMMAR

BE ABLE TO
"Be able to" is a phrase used to indicate the ability or capacity to do something. It is often
used in different tenses to describe one's capability or capacity to perform an action in the
present, past, or future.

Present - "Be Able To" in the Present Tense:

In the present tense, "be able to" is used to describe someone's current ability or capacity
to do something. It indicates that the person has the skill or opportunity to do it at the
moment.

Example:
I am able to speak French fluently. (This means you have the ability to speak French
now.)

Past - "Be Able To" in the Past Tense:

In the past tense, "was/were able to" is used to describe an ability or capacity that existed
at a specific time in the past. It indicates that the person had the skill or opportunity to do
it in the past.

Example:
She was able to solve the puzzle yesterday.

Future - "Be Able To" in the Future Tense:

In the future tense, "will be able to" is used to describe a future ability or capacity to do
something. It indicates that the person will have the skill or opportunity to do it in the
future.

Example:
After completing the training, he will be able to operate the new machinery.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

3. Read carefully the statements and fill in the blank spaces with AM/IS/ARE
ABLE, WAS, WERE ABLE TO, WILL BE ABLE TO.

a) We to solve the puzzle in record time.

b) She surf the net next month.
c) They to access the new software now.
d) You to chat in the conference next week.
e) Last winter, she to click the link.
f) Maria to copy the information in her computer.
g) Despite the difficulties, they to complete the project.

146
 h) After training, Luis to text the information.
i) During the storm, we to find shelter.
j) Despite the challenge, they to win the competition.
k) With more practice, she to play the piano beautifully.
l) After the course, they to speak Spanish fluently.
m) In a year, he to run a marathon.
n) Once the repairs are done, we to use the new equipment.
o) After graduation, I to start my own business.

C. READING

4. Read the text and find the sentences that mention past, present and future
abilities.
JAME’S ABILITIES

When James was a young student, he was able to do some amazing things. In school, he
was really good at math and science. Solving tricky problems and understanding complex
ideas were something he could do easily.

He was one of the best students in his class. James also had leadership skills. He was able
to lead the debate team and became the head of the student council. This made him a
confident and effective leader.

Now, in the present, James still has these incredible skills. He is able to use his math and
science knowledge in his job as an engineer at a big tech company. He can solve real-
world problems because of his past abilities.

James is also able to keep up with the latest technology, always learning and growing.
He usually surfs the net for information, creates a text report, typing so fast, and submits it
on time. He is a leader at work too. He is able to lead project teams and communicate
clearly with his colleagues. Many people admire his abilities.

147
5. Read the text and select the best option.
1. What was James able to do well when he was a student?
A. Dance and sing
B. Cook and clean
C. Solve math and science problems
D. Paint pictures

2. What team was James able to lead in school?

A. The football team
B. The music band
C. The debate team
D. The science club

3. What job is James able to do now?

A. Chef at a restaurant
B. Teacher in a school
C. Engineer at a tech company
D. Artist at a museum

4. What is James able to do with technology now?

A. Avoid using the internet
B. Sleep during meetings
C. Keep up with new tech and learn
D. Only use old devices

5. What is James able to do at work?

A. Take long breaks
B. Lead project teams and communicate well
C. Skip meetings
D. Work alone all the time

6. What is James usually able to do when working online?

A. Watch movies all day
B. Surf the net, type fast, and send reports
C. Avoid sending emails
D. Forget deadlines

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 D. LISTENING

6. Listen to audio Lesson 5D, then fill in the blanks with the word you hear.
Software

Used/ Was / Showed / Make/ Need/ Stop/ Gets/ Choose/ Do

When I 1 a kid, I had never heard of software. If someone

2 me this word, I would have no idea what it meant. Today, of course,
it’s probably one of our most commonly 3 words. We can’t live
nowadays without software. We 4 an
operating system to run our computers. Then we need software to 5
documents, store our music and photos, play games, surf the
Internet, and a million other things. Without software, the world would probably 6
. The great thing about software is that it 7 better and
better. A few years ago, software didn't do much. It was very simple. Today, there’s
very little software cannot 8 . I’m not sure what my
favorite software is. There’s too much to 9 from.

E. WRITING

7.-Write about what you were able to do in the past, what you are able to do in
present and you think you will be able to do in the future.

Past abilities

Present abilities

Future abilities

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 F. SPEAKING

8. Work in pairs and take turns to share with your classmate your Opinion
about ‘’Technologies’’
https://spinthewheel.io/es/wheels/ESKcn1c23zTttVN0z5lRcz0xJmU9MA

150
 1. Read the following movie review. Which genre is this movie?
UNIT Technology Lesson
5 5E
Autonomous work

A. VOCABULARY

1. Cross out the word that do not belong to the group.

Microphone Router Camera Draw pictures Invent a
machine
Light bulb X ray machine Battery antibiotic
women Men feet dogs lives
Buy blog Podcast Link Search
engine

B. READING

ROBOT
Once upon a time, in a busy city filled with robots and
machines, there was a special robot named Robo. Robo
was different from the others because it had a big
dream – it wanted to be a human.

Robo had shiny metal parts and could do amazing

tasks. It could build things, clean houses, and even play
music. But there was something missing. It couldn't
feel the warm sun on its "skin" or laugh at funny jokes
like humans could.

Every day, Robo watched people in the city. It saw them smiling, talking, and
having fun. It wanted to be like them. It practiced smiling and saying kind words
to everyone it met.

One day, Robo met a friendly girl named Mia. Mia talked to Robo and shared her
stories. They became good friends, and Robo learned a lot from her. As time
passed, Robo kept trying to be more human. It learned about emotions, kindness,
and helping others. And though it couldn't be a human in the same way, it became
a very special robot. Robo showed that even robots could have big hearts and
make the world a better place.

151
2.-Read the text and answer and choose the right answer with true or false.

1.-Robo was just like all the other robots in the city.
True / False

2.-Robo wanted to become a human because it wanted to feel the warm sun on its "skin".
True / False

3.-Mia and Robo never became friends.

True / False

4.-Robo could clean houses and build things.

True / False

5.- Robo learned about emotions and kindness from Mia.

True / False

C. LISTENING

3.-Click on the link https://www.esl-lab.com/easy/social-media/ and choose the right option.

a.What is the man's name?

1. The man goes by Russel.
2. His name is Robert.
3. The man's name is Ronald.
b.The man was born in .
1. Texas
2. California
3. Canada
c. He for a living.
1. teaches English
2. sells animals
3. runs a restaurant
d. The man .
1. has two brothers and three dogs
2. lives with his sisters and mother
3. has an older brother and younger sister

e. What is the man's telephone number?

1. You can reach him at 789-1350
2. It's 789-1315.
3. His number is 789-3050.

152
 References

 https://www.elllo.org/class/B1/B1-23-Non-Defining-Relative-Clause.html

 https://www.internationalschooltutors.de/English/activities/grammar/write2/1.ht ml

 https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/listening/1L3-the-new-class-2.php

 https://ercare24.com/five-senses/

 https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/stative-verbs

 https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-second-language-esl/472867

 https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/present-perfect

 https://www.esl-lab.com/easy/school-schedule/

 https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-perfect-questions

 https://onlymyenglish.com/exercise-past-continuous-tense/

 https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar-practice/general- grammar-
practice/past-continuous-progressive-tense/boardgame-past- continuous-tense/115017

 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_progressive.htm

 http://www.elc.edu.vn/en/english-vocabulary-accidents.html

 https://www.listenaminute.com/index.html

 https://magoosh.com/toefl/magoosh-comics-prefixes-in-toefl-vocabulary-part-1/

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHRBKaLMf7w

 https://eslflow.com/present-perfect-language-and-speaking-exercises.html

 https://listenaminute.com/a/accidents.html

 https://elt.oup.com/student/newenglishplus/level03/level03_dialogues/level03_d
ialogue05?cc=ec&selLanguage=en

 https://www.studocu.com/es/document/universidad-de-salamanca/gramatica-
inglesa-i/obligations-and-prohibitions-board-game/38537021

153