Concept of Controlled Drug
Delivery System
Drug Delivery System
A drug delivery system (DDS) is defined as a formulation or a
device that enables the introduction of a therapeutic substance
in the body and improves its efficacy and safety by controlling
the rate, time, and place of release of drugs in the body.
Process of Drug Delivery System:
Administration of Transport of active
Release of active
therapeutic ingredients to the
ingredients
product site of action
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM PATIENT
DRUG (INTERFACE)
Classification of Drug Delivery System
(on the basis of drug release)
Conventional DDS
Drug Delivery
System (DDS)
Modified release
DDS
Conventional Drug Delivery System
➢ Immediate Release/ Classical /Traditional methods for delivery
of a drug.
➢ Generally, used more often when the goal is quickly absorption
of a drug; therefore, a quick release of the drug is required.
Modified Release Drug Delivery System
Modified Release Drug Delivery
System
Delayed Extended Targeted
Release Release Release
Sustained
Release
Controlled
Release
➢ Delayed Release: Systems which are formulated to release the
active ingredient at a time other than immediately after
administration.
Example: Enteric-coated dosage forms, colon-specific dosage
forms.
➢ Extended Release: In this drug is released over prolonged time
periods. By extending the release profile of a drug, the frequency
of dosing can be reduced.
a) Sustained Release: This provide medication over extended
time.
b) Controlled Release: This delivers drug systematically or
locally at a predetermined rate for a prescribed time.
✓ Provide both temporal (timed release) and spatial control
(site specificity).
➢ Targeted Release: This system delivers a specific amount of
drug for an extended period of time to a targeted diseased area
within the body.
A hypothetical plasma concentration-time profile from
conventional multiple dosing and an ideal controlled
delivery formulation
Modified release
Dosage forms can be designed to modify the release of the drug over a given time or after the
dosage form reaches the required location.
Delayed release
Delayed-release dosage forms can be defined as
systems which are formulated to release the active
ingredient at a time other than immediately after
administration. Delayed release from oral dosage forms
can control where the drug is released, e.g. when the
dosage form reaches the small intestine (enteric-coated
dosage forms)or the colon(colon-specific dosage
forms).
Delayed-release systems can be used to protect the drug
from degradation in the low pH environment of the
stomach or to protect the stomach from irritation by the
drug.
Extended release
Extended-release systems allow for the drug to be released over prolonged time periods. By
extending the release profile of a drug, the frequency of dosing can be reduced. Extended release
can be achieved using sustained- or controlled-release dosage forms.
Sustained release
These systems maintain the rate of drug release over a sustained period.
Sustained-release dosage forms achieve this mostly by the use of suitable
polymers, which are used either to coat granules or tablets (reservoir
systems) or to form a matrix in which the drug is dissolved or dispersed
(matrix systems).
Controlled-release
Controlled-release systems also offer a sustained-release profile but, in
contrast to sustained-release forms, controlled-release systems are
designed to lead to predictably constant plasma concentrations,
independently of the biological environment of the application site.
This means that they are actually controlling the drug concentration in
the body, not just the release of the drug from the dosage form, as is
thecase in a sustained-release system.
Difference Between Controlled Release and
Sustained Release Drug Delivery System
S.No. Sustained Release DDS Controlled Release DDS
Constitutes dosage form that Constitutes dosage form that
1. provides medication over maintains constant drug levels in
extended period of time. blood or tissue.
It does not attain zero order
2. It attain zero order release kinetics.
release kinetics.
Does not usually contain It provide temporal as well as spatial
3.
mechanism for spatial control. control.
Drug release is not definite per Drug release is predictable very
4.
unit time. definite per unit time.
Release is completely zero order, the
It implies a slow release of
5. medication releases over time
medication over period of time.
irrespective of concentration
Fig:- Drug delivery systems
