DEP ARTMENT OF

TEACHER EDUCATION
Visayas State University, PQWV+2QQ, Baybay
City, Leyte
Email: dte@vsu.edu.ph
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph
Phone: +63 53 565 0600 Local 1037

Name: Rhod Uriel N. Fabular Date: February 28 2025

Course & Year: BSED-3 Social Studies Score:

You are doing great,

Please share your memorable experience this week.

MODULE 2 REFLECTION

A Teacher’s skills and knowledge

This module focuses in the Pedagogical Content Knowledge and the use of ICT.
Gabas Integrated School is an institution that holds elementary, high school, and senior
high school. We focus on my major which is social studies, our resource teacher knows
her content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and curriculum knowledge which I am
going to discuss one by one.

First, we start at the Content Knowledge. Content knowledge is knowledge of the

subject matter or academic course being taught or expected to be learned by students,
requiring an understanding of facts or principles. Our resource teacher was discussing
about the age of exploration in grade 8 and it was in the middle of the review because
exam is coming. I observed that Ma’am has the mastery of the topic and discusses it
with ease. Weber’s Science as a Vocation (1919) highlights the importance of deep
subject knowledge for educators, especially in higher education. He argues that a good
teacher must not only convey information but also inspire students by demonstrating
expertise and enthusiasm for the subject. As a pre service teacher it is important that us
educators must have the mastery needed to convey information in a cohesive way.

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 Second, is about Pedagogical knowledge is knowledge of teaching, including
methods and strategies for structuring subject matter to make it more understandable to
learners. Our resource teacher has different strategies in teaching different and diverse
learners. Ma’am said to us that even at the change of how sectioning students there will
be always be one section that is a bit of a problem. I would like just to vaguely describe
the section for privacy. Student on the first section needed a bit of entertainment to at
least get their attention. So Ma’am did the song and ball pass game to choose the
student who will answer the activity. Lee Shulman introduced the concept of
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), which combines subject expertise with
teaching strategies. He argued that good teaching requires not only knowing the subject
but also knowing how to explain it, how to assess student understanding, and how to
adapt lessons for different learners. As a pre service teacher and a gamer this is what I
call “fighting style”. In video games where multiple characters exist each one of them is
unique with the same purpose to win the game. Like some teachers are authoritative
others are more mellow and understanding. They may be different but it is their most
effective style to convey information which is the goal.

Third, the Curricular knowledge. It is an understanding of the curriculum, as

represented by a comprehensive range of programs designed to teach a specific
subject/course at a particular level. In the case of my observations with the different
grade levels with our resource teacher I see where curricular knowledge stands out.
Grade 7 focuses on the Southeast Asian subject, Grade 8 is History of the world, Grade
9 is focused in economics, and Grade 10 is about contemporary world. Each grade level
has specific competencies and lessons that are only be seen at that grade level. I
remember this topic last semester about curriculum and this alignment on grade level is
called horizontal alignment where aligns instruction, assessments, and learning
objectives within the same grade level. Curricular knowledge allows teachers to plan
lessons effectively, make interdisciplinary connections, and adjust instruction to
students’ needs. Having been deployed to observed teachers teaching strengthens the
idea that different grade level must have a theme to ensure that learning is progressive.

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 In this part of the reflection I will be talking about the topic of proper use of ICT and
resources the teachers use. There are different resources use in teaching nowadays. In
the past most things are handwritten and relies on books receive for getting and
creating educational materials. Calculations are also manual and takes so much time.
Information is not limited but only difficult to get. Now Internet is here, technology now
assist in calculation and grading, sources is abundant now(though having to check the
reliability is a problem), and communication now is easy. In the modern teaching there
are many sources that can be used to assist teaching. In Gabas Integrated School I
observed various technology for assistance and they are divided into four types of
resources which are: Print resources, Audio resources, Non-electronic visual resources,
and ICT resources.

Starting with Print resources. This is one of the most common resources in public
school. It can be books which is the traditional source of lesson and information,
newspapers which is rare nowadays, modules which one of the primary resources to be
used and this has two distinction which is traditional modules or module passed from
other schools and Test papers from exams. Print resources, especially textbooks, serve
as authoritative sources of information that help standardize learning across societies.
In my experiences and observation print resources are a solid source but due to
abundance of real time information some of the information is outdated and should be
reviewed before used.

Next, Audio resources. This one of those resources that are rarely used. High
schooler nowadays are visual learners and audio clips or even just the teacher
discussing in the school I have observed some students don’t listen. It is hard to
implement this resource because of the circumstances.

Then, Non-electronic visual resources. It is a type of resource that doesn’t use..well

electricity. Examples are Picture books, models, diorama, flip cards and maps. This type
of resources is sometimes created during practical like creating a model of a globe,
creating slogans/posters, art projects or even bought by the teacher themselves like
maps, globes, or models of body parts. As an educator this type of resource is one of

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
the best to use in a world of visual learners. The good thing about this is that students
can create them too.

Lastly, ICT resources. These resources are very possible due to the evolution of
technology. Example of this are projector, television, laptop, internet and AI. Television
and projectors are now the staple of a classroom. It makes wordy outputs more pleasing
to the eye than just writing on a chalkboard and you can just create the lesson ahead of
time to easily deliver lessons in the class. Laptop is now a teachers companion because
you can create, calculate, present and record information. As a student in an education
course and having my own laptop it is really a reliable tool for work or out of work.
Internet the information highway, a domain of vast sources. Nowadays internet is used
to gather information and validate it and be used to extend horizons in teaching lesson
though it is risky due to false information that rampant on the internet. Lastly is AI which
is very controversial especially for those who knows how to use it. AI is a good assistant
but not as a source of information. AI is functioning via algorithm which allows them to
make mistake in giving information. As a prominent user of AI especially ChatGpt you
can ask the AI for information then verify its validity by asking the engine itself to give
you sources and links. This way you can verify the information relayed.

In summary, this module talks about the importance of the teacher’s knowledge of
the subject and teaching and the use of different resources and would it impact the
teaching-learning experience. For now, I am still inexperienced but seeing this multiple
knowledge and resources I now expect that teaching is now a little bit hard.

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.