FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA

NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

FUTMINNA e-LEARNING

COURSE TITLE
GENERAL CHEMISTRY I

COURSE CODE
CHM 101
COURSE UNIT: 2

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
FADIPE, Ajoke Labake (PhD)
Department of Chemistry
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

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 Course Development Team
CHM 111: GENERAL CHEMISTRY I
Subject Matter Experts and Lecturers
Dr. Elijah Yanda Shaba
Dr. Muhammad Taoheed Bisiriyu
Dr. Saheed Mustapha

Course Coordinator Dr. Elijah Yanda Shaba

Department of Chemistry
FUT Minna, Nigeria

Instructional System Designer Dr. Muhammad Taoheed Bisiriyu

Dr. Saheed Mustapha

ODL Experts Prof. Gambari, Amosa

Isiaka
Dean, School of Education Technology

Language Editors

Dean of School Prof. Muhammed Jiya

School of Physical Sciences
FUT Minna, Nigeria.

CHM 101 Study Guide

Introduction
CHM 101 General Chemistry 1 is a 2-Credit Unit Course for students studying towards acquiring
a Bachelor's degree and are newly enrolled into 100 level in all basic science courses in
the

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University. The course is divided into 6 modules and 15 study units. It will introduce the students
to general chemistry courses which include basic inorganic and physical aspects of chemistry.
The course guide therefore gives you an overview of what CHM 101 is all about, the textbooks
and other materials to be referenced, what you expect to know in each unit, and how to work
through the course material.

Recommended Study Time

This course is a 2-credit unit course having 15 study units. You are therefore enjoined to spend at
least 2 hours in studying the content of each study unit.

Course Aims
This course aims to introduce students to the basic aspects of chemistry. It is expected that the
knowledge will enable the reader to effectively derive an understanding of basic chemistry.

Course Objectives
It is important to note that each unit has specific objectives. Students should study them carefully
before proceeding to subsequent units. Therefore, it may be useful to refer to these objectives in
the course of your study of the unit to assess your progress. You should always look at the unit
objectives after completing a unit. In this way, you can be sure that you have done what is required
of you by the end of the unit.
However, below are the overall objectives of this course. On completing this course, you should
be able to:
i. State the contribution of the different scientists to the development of the atom
ii. Describe the chemical reaction
iii. Explain the understanding of the various scientists in the development of the Periodic Table
iv. Explain the nature of intermolecular forces, and
v. Explain the knowledge behind thermochemistry
vi. Relationship between enthalpy and entropy
vii. Laws of thermodynamics.
viii. Apply rules of redox reactions
ix. Explain nuclear chemistry
x. Identify acids, bases and salts

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this course, the students should be able to:
1. define atom, molecule and chemical reactions;
2. discuss the Modern electronic theory of atoms;
3. write electronic configurations of elements on the periodic table;

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 4. justify the trends of atomic radii, ionization energies, and electronegativity of the
elements based on their position in the periodic table;
5. identify and balance oxidation-reduction equation and solve redox titration problems;
6. illustrate shapes of simple molecules and hybridized orbitals;
7. identify the characteristics of acids, bases and salts, and solve problems based on their
quantitative relationship;
8. apply the principles of equilibrium to aqueous systems using Le Chatelier’s principle
to predict the effect of concentration, pressure and temperature changes on equilibrium
mixtures;
9. analyse and perform calculations with the thermodynamic functions, enthalpy, entropy
and free energy; and
10. determine rates of reactions and their dependence on concentration, time and temperature.

Course Contents
Atoms, molecules, elements and compounds. Modern electronic theory of atoms.
Chemical reactions. Chemical equations and stoichiometry; Electronic configuration,
periodicity and building up of the periodic table. Hybridization and shapes of simple
molecules. Valence Forces. Structure of solids. Chemical bonding and intermolecular
forces, kinetic theory of matter. Elementary thermochemistry. Rates of reaction,
equilibrium and thermodynamics. Acids, bases and salts. Properties of gases. Redox
reactions and introduction to electrochemistry. Radioactivity.

Working Through This Course

In order to have a thorough understanding of the course units, you will need to read and understand
the contents, practice the steps. This course is designed to cover approximately sixteen weeks, and
it will require your devoted attention. You should do the exercises in the Tutor-Marked
Assignments and submit to your tutors.

Course Materials
The major components of the course are:
1. Course Guide
2. Study Units
3. Text Books
4. Assignment File
5. Presentation Schedule

Study Units
There are 15 study units and 6 Modules in this course. They are:

Atom and Chemical Reaction

Module One
Unit 1 : Atom and Atomic Theories

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 Unit 2 Chemical Equations, Reactions and Stoichiometry

Period Table
Unit 1: Periodic Table
Unit 2: Modern Periodic Law
Module Two Unit 3: Electronic Configuration
Unit 4: Periodic Table Properties: Atomic Radius, Ionization
Energy. Electron Affinity and Electronegativity

Chemical Bonding and Valence Forces

Unit 1: Chemical Bonding and Intermolecular Forces
Module Three Unit 2: Hybridization and Shapes of Simple Molecules,
Valence Forces and Structure of Solids

Elementary Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermodynamics

Module Four Unit 1: Kinetic Theory of Matter and Properties of Gases

Unit 2: Elementary Thermochemistry, Rates of Reaction,
Equilibrium and Thermodynamics.
Acids, bases and salts
Module Five Unit 1: Acids and Bases
Unit 2: Salts
Redox Reactions and Introduction to Electrochemistry and
Radio-chemistry
Module Six Unit 1: Redox Reactions
Unit 2: Electrochemistry
Unit 3: Radio-chemistry

Recommended Texts
The following texts and Internet resource links will be of enormous benefit to you in learning this
course:
1. CHM-121 Introductory Physical Chemistry 1, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos,
2004
2. CHE-04 Physical Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Open University, School of Sciences,
2008, New Delhi.
3. CHM-121 Introductory Physical Chemistry 1, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos,
2004
4. CHE-04 Physical Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Open University, School of Sciences,
2008, New Delhi.

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5. Sharma K. K. and Sharma L. K. (2006): A Text of Physical Chemistry, Forth Revised
Edition, Vikas Publishing House, PVT Ltd, New Delhi.
6. Gordon M. Barrow (1992): Physical Chemistry, 5th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, New York.
7. Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula (2010): Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, Ninth Edith, Oxford
University Press, Oxford.
8. Thomas Engel and Philip Reid (2006): Physical Chemistry, Pearson, Benjamin ummings,
San Francisco, U. S. A.
9. Raymond Chang(2005): Chemistry, 8th Edition, McGraw Hill Higher Education, New York.
10. CHM-121 Introductory Physical Chemistry 1, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos,
2004
11. CHE-04 Physical Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Open University, School of Sciences,
2008, New Delhi.
12. Sharma K. K. and Sharma L. K. (2006): A Text of Physical Chemistry, Forth Revised
Edition, Vikas Publishing House, PVT Ltd, New Delhi.
13. Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula (2010): Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, Ninth Edith, Oxford
University Press, Oxford.
14. Thomas Engel and Philip Reid (2006): Physical Chemistry, Pearson, Benjamin Cummings,
San Francisco, U. S. A.
Assignment File
The assignment file will be given to you in due course. In this file, you will find all the details of
the work you must submit to your tutor for marking. The marks you obtain for these assignments
will count towards the final mark for the course. Altogether, there are tutor-marked assignments
for this course.

Presentation Schedule
The presentation schedule included in this course guide provides you with important dates for
completion of each tutor-marked assignment. You should therefore endeavour to meet the
deadlines.

Assessment
There are two aspects to the assessment of this course. First, there are tutor-marked assignments;
and second, the written examination. Therefore, you are expected to take note of the facts,
information and problem-solving gathered during the course. The tutor-marked assignments must
be submitted to your tutor for formal assessment, in accordance with the deadline given. The work
submitted will count for 40% of your total course mark.
At the end of the course, you will need to sit for a final written examination. This examination will
account for 60% of your total score. You will be required to submit some assignments by
uploading them to CHM 101 page on the u-learn portal.

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Tutor-Marked Assignment (TMA)
There are TMAs in this course. You need to submit all the TMAs. The best 10 will therefore be
counted. When you have completed each assignment, send them to your tutor as soon as possible
and make certain that it gets to your tutor on or before the stipulated deadline. If for any reason
you cannot complete your assignment on time, contact your tutor before the assignment is due to
discuss the possibility of extension. Extension will not be granted after the deadline, unless on
extraordinary cases.

Final Examination and Grading

The final examination for CHM 101 will last for a period of 3 hours and has a value of 60% of the
total course grade. The examination will consist of questions which reflect the Self-Assessment
Exercises and tutor marked assignments that you have previously encountered. Furthermore, all
areas of the course will be examined. It would be better to use the time Q between finishing the
last unit and sitting for the examination, to revise the entire course. You might find it useful to
review your TMAs and comment on them before the examination. The final examination covers
information from all parts of the course.

Practical Strategies for Working Through This Course

1. Read the course guide thoroughly
2. Organize a study schedule. Refer to the course overview for more details. Note the time you
are expected to spend on each unit and how the assignment relates to the units. Important
details, e.g. details of your tutorials and the date of the first day of the semester are available.
You need to gather together all these information in one place such as a diary, a wall chart
calendar or an organizer. Whatever method you choose, you should decide on and write in
your own dates for working on each unit.
3. Once you have created your own study schedule, do everything you can to stick to it. The
major reason that students fail is that they get behind with their course works. If you get into
difficulties with your schedule, please let your tutor know before it is too late for help.
4. Turn to Unit 1 and read the introduction and the learning outcomes for the unit.
5. Assemble the study materials. Information about what you need for a unit is given in the
table of content at the beginning of each unit. You will almost always need both the study
unit you are working on and one of the materials recommended for further readings, on your
desk at the same time.
6. Work through the unit, the content of the unit itself has been arranged to provide a sequence
for you to follow. As you work through the unit, you will be encouraged to read from your
set books

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7. Keep in mind that you will learn a lot by doing all your assignments carefully. They have
been designed to help you meet the objectives of the course and will help you pass the
examination.
8. Review the objectives of each study unit to confirm that you have achieved them.
If you are not certain about any of the objectives, review the study material and consult your
tutor.
9. When you are confident that you have achieved a unit’s objectives, you can start on the next
unit. Proceed unit by unit through the course and try to pace your study so that you can keep
yourself on schedule.
10. When you have submitted an assignment to your tutor for marking, do not wait for its return
before starting on the next unit. Keep to your schedule. When the assignment is returned,
pay particular attention to your tutor’s comments, both on the tutor marked assignment form
and also written on the assignment. Consult you tutor as soon as possible if you have any
questions or problems.
11. After completing the last unit, review the course and prepare yourself for the final
examination. Check that you have achieved the unit objectives (listed at the beginning of
each unit) and the course objectives (listed in this course guide).

Tutors and Tutorials

There are few hours of tutorial provided in support of this course. You will be notified of the dates,
time and location together with the name and phone number of your tutor as soon as you are
allocated a tutorial group. Your tutor will mark and comment on your assignments, keep a close
watch on your progress and on any difficulties, you might encounter and provide assistance to you
during the course. You must mail your tutor-marked assignment to your tutor well before the due
date. At least two working days are required for this purpose. They will be marked by your tutor
and returned to you as soon as possible.
Do not hesitate to contact your tutor by telephone, e-mail or discussion board if you need help.
The following might be circumstances in which you would find help necessary: contact your tutor
if:
i. You do not understand any part of the study units or the assigned readings.
ii. You have difficulty with the self-assessment or exercise.
iii. You have questions or problems with an assignment, with your tutor’s comments on an
assignment or with the grading of an assignment.
You should endeavour to attend the tutorials. This is the only opportunity to have face-to-face
contact with your tutor and ask questions which are answered instantly. You can raise any problem
encountered in the course of your study. To gain the maximum benefit from the course tutorials,

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have some questions handy before attending them. You will learn a lot from participating actively
in discussions.
GOODLUCK!

DR. E. Y. SHABA, TEAM LEADER