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Computer Fundamental

A computer is an advanced electronic device that processes raw data through input, processing, output, and storage functions. It consists of hardware, software, and users, with the CPU as the main component responsible for executing instructions. Various input, output, and storage devices, along with different types of software, are essential for a computer's operation.

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23 views13 pages

Computer Fundamental

A computer is an advanced electronic device that processes raw data through input, processing, output, and storage functions. It consists of hardware, software, and users, with the CPU as the main component responsible for executing instructions. Various input, output, and storage devices, along with different types of software, are essential for a computer's operation.

Uploaded by

radhakrishnaa.ai.5
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer

fundamental
computer Fundamentals

what is Computer?
Computer is advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user and
processes these data under the control of set of instruction (called program) and gives the
result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-
numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.

A computer has four functions:

a. accepts data Input

b. processes data Processing

c. produces output Output

d. stores results Storage

Input (Data):
Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the input devices. It is the collection of
letters, numbers, images etc.

Process:
Process is the operation if data as per given instruction. It is totally internal process of the computer
system.

Output:
Output is the processed data given by computer after data processing. Output is also called as Result.
We can save these results in the storage devices for the future use.

Computer system
All of the components of a computer system can be summarized with the simple equations.

COMPUTER SYSTEM= HARDWARE + SOFTWARE + USER


 Hardware= Internal Devices+ Peripheral Devices
All physical parts of the computer (or everything that we can touch) are known as Hardware.
 Software= Programs
Software gives “intelligence” to the computer.
 USER= Person, who operates computer.
Major parts of the computer
Input devices

1. mouse 2.Keyboard

3. Scanner 4. Digital

Camera

5. Web 6.Joysticks

Camera

7. Track Ball 8. Touch pad/


Screen

9. Light Pen 10. Bar Code


Reader
11. 12. Graphics
Microphone Tablets

13. Magnetic 14. Optical


Mark Reader
Ink Character
(Used for
Reader (Used
Answer- Sheet
in Bank)
Marking
Purpose)

15. Magnetic 16. Biometric


Card Reader Devices
(Used in
Shops,
Colleges,
Stations etc)
17. Bluetooth

Processor
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
1. Monitor 2.Printer

(Dot

Matrix)

3. Projector

4. Plotter Inkjet

Laser
5. Speaker

The main unit inside the computer is the CPU. This unit is responsible for all events inside the
computer. It controls all internal and external and external devices, performs arithmetic and
logic operations. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the device that interprets and executes
instructions.

Storage Devices

1. Primary memory (main memory)


A.RAM ( Random Access. Memory/ Read- Write Memory)

B. ROM (Read – only – memory)

2. Secondary memory (Storage devices)


A. Hard Disk (Local Disk)

B. Optical Disks: CD-R, CD- RW,DVD-R, DVD- RW

C .Pen Drive

D. Zip Drive

E. Floppy Disks
F. Memory Cards

G .External Hard Disk

A. Hard Disk
C .Pen Drive

B. Optical
disk
D. Zip Disk E. Floppy Disk

(super
disk)

F. G. External Hard Disk


Memory
Cards

Peripheral Devices
1.The 2. Switches/
Modem/ Hub
Internet
Adapter

3.Router 4.TV Tuner


Card

Internal Components
1. The 2.
Mother Expansio
Board n Slots

3. CMOS 4. Cooling
Battery Fan

5. 6. Graphics
Networ Card
k Card

7. Power 8. Memory
Supply Slots
Unit
(SMPS)

Software
Software, simply are the computer programs. The instructions given to the
computer in the form of a program is called Software. Software is the set of
programs, which are used for different purposes. All the programs used in
computer to perform specific task is called Software.
Types of software
1. System software
: a) Operating System Software

DOS, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Unix/Linux, MAC/OS X etc.

b) Utility Software

Windows Explorer (File/Folder Management), Windows Media Player, Anti

Virus Utilities, Disk Defragmentation, Disk Clean, Back Up, WinZip, Win RAR etc…

2. Applicatio software:
a) Package Software

Ms. Office 2003, Ms. Office 2007, Macromedia (Dreamweaver, Flash

Freehand), Adobe (PageMaker, PhotoShop)

b) Tailored or Custom Software


3. Computer Languages & Scripting:

a) Low Level Language

i) Machine Level Language

ii) Assembly Language

Machine language: These language instructions are directly


executed by CPU

Assembly language: The endeavor of giving machine language


instructions a name structure that means bit strings of instructions of
machine language are given name here
High Level Language: The user friendly language ...more natural
language than assembly language.

Assembler is needed to convert assembly language into machine


language

Complier is needed to convert high level to machine language .

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