Puritans don’t want to separate.
Jamestown 1607
Joint Stock Companies - Companies that sponsored
exploration.
Faced Many Challenges
Dysentery and Malaria
No knowledge on how to farm. Traded with Indians
(Native Americans) until conflict erupted.
Starving Time
Cash Crop = Tobacco
Indentured Servants were brought over to work on the
land. The colony struggled until it became a royal colony.
1619 - House of Burgesses (first representative,
legislative body)
1676 - Bacon’s Rebellion - Increase in African American
Slavery
Plymouth 1620
Founded for religious religions.
Dissenters from the Anglican Church
(too Catholic)
Pilgrims
Attempted to go to Jamestown, but
went too far north.
Mayflower Compact (early form of self
government)
Established good relations with Native
Americans, (Thanksgiving).
Massachusetts Bay 1629
Found for religious religions.
Royal Charter from the king.
Puritans
Great Migration
John Winthdrop - founded Boston with 1,000 puritans.
City on the Hill
15,000 more joined.
Puritans founded several settlements in New England
(people who dissented were banished)
Roger Williams - Rhode Island (religiously tolerant)
Anne Hutchinson - Portsmouth (later became part
of Rhode Island)
Connecticut - first written constitution
Kings Philip’s War
1695 - Salem Witch Trials
Maryland 1632
Founded for religious people.
Proprietary colony - The king gave land to Lord
Baltimore to govern.
Catholic Haven - Safe place to escape
persecutions.
Act of Toleration
Religious freedom (sort of...You could be killed for
not believing in Jesus)
Protestants eventually revolted (why?) and
removed the act.
Catholics could not vote.
Week 2 (Colonial Society)
Mercantilism (A surplus of exports rather than imports)
Navigation Act: Economic laws that restrict trade for
colonies, but help England. Example: Certain goods could
only be shipped to English ports.
Barbados Slave Code (1661): Deny fundemental rights to
slaves and makes slavery permanent, (no working off
slavery).
Two Events Led to More Slavery and Less Indentured
Servents.
1. Bacon’s Rebellion in 1776
2. 1698, the Royal African company on carrying slaves to
colonies, which opened trade to compettion and began
to decrease the price of African Slaves.
By 1700 slavery was legally established in colonies.\
Many Africans were skilled in rice cultivation which was valuable for
the Carolinas.
Great Britain practiced Salutary Neglect, which is them ignoring the
colonies, and colonies create their own government. Eventually they
began to enforce laws, and colonies did not like that.
Southern colonies: Farming communities
Middle Colonies: Farming and manufacturing
New England Colonies: Mostly manufacturing and longer life span.
People moving west of the colonies. There was a lot of social
mobility.
Great Awakening
Allowed people to challenge religious authority.
George Whitefield Theory: Makes theory that people live the life that
they live because god is angry with them.
John Peter Zenger Case (John Peter Zenger - JPZ): In 1735, JPZ was
accused by the Royal governor for being corrupt. JPZ was not on trial
for libel sedition, and found not guilty by jury. This starts freedom of
press.
George Washington was tasked to deliver a message to
the French saying that land was for the British. The
French soldier says to go to their commander. George
Wasington sets up a fort, and surrenders in a battle with
the French. George Wasington accidentally signs
confessing to an assination.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
Treaty of Paris (1763): (British wins)
Proclamation of (1763): Land grant to the Native Americans. This
eventually starts American revolution.
Independence Info
Battle of Saratoga: The continental army, even
without shoes, defeats the British army. This
convinces the French to help the colonies.
Valley Forge (A place): Contenential army deserts
due to terrible conditions. Van Turban helps
contenential army.
Yorktown (1781): The last land battle for
independence. Contential army forces British into
Yorktown. France helps the colonists win, and the
British surrender at Yorktown.
Republican Motherhood: Men had to flight, while
women took care of household things.
Cult of Domesticity: Women get other jobs.
(13 states that work together when needed)
New state constitutions that restricted the
power of the governor. You had to have land to
vote. Mercantalism is gone. Breakup of larger
farms, and end of automatic inheritage.
Trade goes down.
Inflanation and debt for colonies. No more
church controlled states.
Eglaterianism: There is more respect for
everyone. Poor people gain more respect.
More anti - slavery talk. Property qualification
lowered.
Inheritence laws were gone. New natural
arisocracy.
Slave trade stops all in all states except GA.
New Jersey gives some schooling for women.
Treaty of Fort Stanwix:
Iroquies gives up land.
Thomas Jefferson
No one won the electoral college.
Power of transfer happens peacefully.
Aron Burr - Vice President
Jefferson - wealthy planter, thought humans
were selfish, but could be improved with
reasoning. Jefferson called ‘Negro president”
Jefferson did not want to overthrow the
government but wanted change. Jefferson
returned to his original sprit of revolution.
Jefferson removed Whiskey tax. Decrease the
defense budget. Tripoli declared war on the
united states. (Established policy of not giving
in to terriosts. The navy is built up.
The Lousina purchase happens. James
Monroe and Robert Livingston had $10 million
for Louisiany purchase but got more land for
$15 million. 4 cents per anchor.
William Clark and Merriweather Clark explore
the area. Their goal was to find waterways.
They find a lot of things.
The Embargo Act of 1807.
The USA decides not to buy from any other
countries.
One positive: More domestic manufacturing
College board loves these images.
1809: Jefferson prepares to leave office.
Non Intercourse Act: Trades with all countries
except Britain and France.
Gilles Enforcement Act: President has power
against smugglers.
1809: Salve Trade Ends
Madison and The War of 1812
Tecumseh: He wants to unite the Indians in the
resistance movement, Tecumseh don’t like
American culture. Tecumseh believes whiskey
is bad.
War hocs: People who want to war.
Tecumseh met with William Henry Harrison
after the treaty of Fort Wayne in 1809.
USA gained 3 million acres of Delaware land.
Tecumseh believed land belonged to all
natives, and not just one tribe.
The Battle of Tippecanoe happens, and the
prophet is killed.
Tecumseh joined forces with the British.
Tecumseh died at the battle of Thames in
1813. The dream of an Indian confederacy
died with him.
War of 1812 Starts Here (Second war for
independence)
British impress sailors in British navy.
USA government issues an order. Whoever
stops attacking trade first, they will not war
with them.
Napleaon agrees first.
Reaons for war:
British Arming hostile natives.
War Hawks in his own party.
Wanted to restore confidence in his own party.
Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun were big war
hawks.
Democratic republicans favored westward
expansion, and wanted a farming based
economy.
New England opposed war of 1812.
Federalists oppose war with Britain.
New England sends more money and food to
the British army than to American army.
The Battle of Lake Champagne proves the
strength of the US Navy. The battle of Ft. McHenery
after Washington DC was burned by the British
created the Star Spangled Banner.
Hartford Convention: New England colonies want
to secede with the United States and want to create
their own country. This ends the Federalist party.
The treaty of Ghnet is signed, and but no one
implements the things above.
Great Britain continues to disturb trade.
Patriotism grows, Federalist party dies, US could
expand westward, Britain repulsed efforts to invade
Canada
Rush - Bagot Agreement:
The Great Lakes will not have the navy of the US or
Canada.
Monoroe’s Presidency
James Monroe - President from 1817 to 1825
He presides over era of good feeling.
The Federalist party loses credibility, and is slowly
phased out.
National Identity grows, mostly through the
westward expansion and various public projects.
Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of
South Carolina.
American System = Clay’s Plan
National Bank (2nd national bank)
Tax on imported goods to protect domestic products
National System of roads and canals
Better infastructure
Market Revolution - Farmers could work together.
Goal: American Economic Self Sufficiency
John Quincy Adams: James Monroe’s secretary of
state.
John Adams created a treaty that established the
USA - Mexico border. Spain gave up Florida and
Oregon.
USA relinqueshes claims on Texas, and Spain kept
Calefornia and New Mexico
Panic of 1819
States banks built on inflated and fraudulent credit
and crashed.
Monroe is not to be blamed for problems, and won
reelection in 1820.
Missouri Compromise (Finish 10:17 and go from
there)
Slavery issue: Should new states have slavery?
Henry Clay’s solution to the deadlock was
accepted.
Missouri was proposed.
Many Whites in South and North wanted to ship
slaves to Africa. That started the American
colonization society. The capital was Monrovia for
Monroe.
Monroe Doctrine (Warning, not a law):
Started as Russia had designs on Alaska and
Oregon.
(US could not enforce but no one challenged)
European powers could not attempt colonize newly
made countries.
European powers should not try to pass laws to us.
The US will not invene in European affairs unless
they break the rules above.
John Quincy Adams (1824
Election): No one gets electoral
college votes, and is appointed by
Congress
No Federalist Party (Era of good feeling)
John Q Adams, Willam Crawford, John C
Calhoun, Henry Clay
Henry Clay is appointed by Adams.
John Adams was a good person but least
successful president.
Was a Whig
John C Calhoun is appointed as Vice President
Andrew Jackson:
Inaugural Brow: Jackson had many
supporters.
And Let people in and gave them food
Henry Clay was Congress spokesperson, and
Clay hated Jackson, so he made Adams be
elected.
Era of the Common Man(Jackson):
Spoils System:
He only hired people that supported him.
Nullification Crisis: A Tariff passes in 1828.
Southerns wanted to buy from England and hated
Tariff.
John C Calhoun is Jackson’s Vice president.
South Carolina was ready to secede from the
union, (no other state joined), for the Tariff, and
Jackson hated that.
Eventually, South Carolina backed down, and
peacefully made a trade agreement with Jackson.
The Indians:
People wanted Cherokee lands, and Jackson
kicked the Cherokee. The Supreme Court
supported Cherokee, but Jackson kicked them out
anyway.
Bank War:
Daniel Webster and Henry Clay introduced
congress a charter of Bank of US, but Jackson
rejected it.
The Second The Great Awakening
A bunch of religious changes by protestant christians. The changes
emphasized righteous living, personal restraint, and a strong moral
rectitude, that led civilization to salvation.
Camp Meetings: Everyone was equal here. Romanticism above logical
thinking.
Market Revolution 2nd: You must reform your life, and behave good,
your life will go well. (The first one encouraged hard work.)
More Democratic and Individual Beliefs: More people wanted to vote,
especially lower classes.
Calvanists: Salvation was in hands in god alone, no good can add or
take away
Charles Grandison Finney:
Used more common words, and used moral reformation. Everyone
was allowed to join.
Market Revolution (Reform Movement)
How and Why did various Movements expand from 1800 to 1848?
This proved that economic independence was related to hard work.
Religious Reform:
Church of Mormons. The Church had strayed from original teachings of Jessus Christ,
and Joseph Smith was to recover it. This started the book of Mormons. Brignam Young
took over.
Temperence: Avoid alcohol, The American Temperance Society was made to stop alchohal.
Abolitionism: Some wanted to gradually end slavery, while others wanted an immediate
stop. The Liberator was made. William Garrison even burned the constitution for being a
slave supporting document. Fredrick Dougless taught himself how to read and write, and
worked for William Garrison before starting his own movement.
Women’s Rights: Women wanted to end slavery, but could not. In 1848 Elizabeth Cady
Station and Lucretia Mott.
Declaration of Independence and Resolutions
Eventually, it was ruled that all men and women were created
equally. It took time before this happend.
Manifest Destiny (Being land hungry)
Americans really wanted to expand. John a Sulveny
claimed it Manifest Destiny.
The goal is to take over as much land as possible.
The California Gold Rush happened.
Some people moved West for religious refuge.
James K Polk won election in 1844. Texas and Oregon
were added to the USA.
Mexico tried to make immigrating Americans all
Roman,
Americans ignored Mexico laws, and kept moving.
Mexico kills all American rebellions, but Sam Houston
beats them.
Texas claimed independence, but Mexico claimed
Texas was theirs.
Oregon Territory: British claimed Oregon was there,
and Americans wanted it also, Americans kept moving
there
James A Polk wanted Texas, Oregon, and California.
The Oregon territory was officially divided.
Mexican and American War
Mexico was not happy for defeat, and Texas remained
independent. Mexico claimed Texas, but Texas wanted
to join the USA.
Polk sent a diplomat to buy land from Mexico.
Mexico says the border ran on Mesay river, and
Americans said it ran on Rio Grande.
In 1846, Polk sent an army to Rio Gande. On May 13, 1846
Congress granted permission for the Mexican - American
war.
Effects
Treaty of Guadalupe
Rio Grande became the border.
The Mexicession session sold New Mexico and
California.
Wilmot Proviso
Land gained from Mexican - American war was non
slavery areas.
People who abolished it cared more about economics
than moral.
Lots of people did not move there. All Mexicans living
there were granted citizenship.
Popular Sovereignty
Voters get to decide if slavery should be allowed in
those states. Lois Castes made that policy.
The US wins ½ million miles of Western land in
Mexico.
Wilmot Proviso: Prohibits slavery in new land gained
areas in Mexico.
Zachary Taylor wins elections, and avoids action over
slavery.
Whig Party
Supported Clay’s American System
Democrats:
Father of popular sovereignty, does not address
slavery.
Free Soil Party:
Supported Willmot Proviso, free aid for internal
improvements,
At California's Statehood
In 1894 California excluded slavery.
President Taylor let California decide themselves.
John C Calhoun wanted to give more time before
doing so, (secretly hoping slavery plantations are
established).
The Census of 1850, population of free states
increased by 20%, ⅞ ths of all immigrants settled in
the south.
The South worried about becoming a minority in the
national government.
Daniel Webster and Henry Clay pushing for
compromise of 1850.
John C Calhoun wants to protect the south, makes
plan to get 2 presidents,
Compromise of 1850
California enters union as a free state.
Slavery in the Western Territories of New Mexico and
Utah was decided by popular sovereignty.
Outlaw slave trade in DC.
Texas to cede land with New Mexico territory and U.S
assumed $10 million debt accrued to the Mexican war.
In June of 1850, southern extremists met in Nashville,
Tennessee.
1. Took a pro slavery stance.
2. Henry Clay added fugitive slave law.
Webster’s 7th March of Speech in support of the committee
1. Believed western territories not suitable for
plantation economy = did not discourage nor
encourage slavery
2. Regarded slavery was evil, but thought splitting
up was even worse.
President Taylor supports compromise. 8:42
William H Seward
Anti-slaverite against compromise
Stephen Dougless got compromise through congress.
The Whig Party Ends
James Buchanan - Northern Man of Southern
Principals
Franklin Pierce wins nomination for party.
Winefield Scott comes - Mexican War,
This bought national parties and sectional parties.
10:23
Civil War Goals
Original Confederacy
South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Missipissi, Lousiana,
Texas, and Alabama, Virginia becomes 8th state
Confederacy fires on fort sumter.
The north has better resources and no big plantations
but has agriculture.
New York CIty Riots: People worried about job less
because of war draft.
The south has adequate railroads but not as good.
More backroads not net best infrastructure.
The Confederate had to create country while Union
already had that.
North had “Annaconda plan”, block and stop
resources.
South wanted to defend.
Jefferson Davis was president of confederacy, had
strong military background, but mediocre military
thinker.
Mcllen leads Union Army, does not get along with
Lincoln, Mcallen does not want to fight,
Robert E. Lee wanted to
Battle of Antietam (Single bloodiest battle in US
History), no more people died ever in US History
Turning point for the union.
In 1862 the Emancipation Proclamation was passed,
and freed slaves in border slaves, and conquered
areas.
Battle of Gettysburg (1863)
This is the last time the South will take over the north.
(July 1863)
Battle of Vicksburg (July 1863)
The blockade is set and the Union wins.
Britain and France decide not to join.
William Tucumsah Sherman was told to cut off
Missipissi, Alabama, and Georgia from the rest of the
confederacy, and burn anything.
There were more black men in the union navy and
army then all confederate soldiers.
Blacks could still not fight frontlines.
Lincoln switches vice president.
Richmond Virginia falls to Union, and at Appomattox
courthouse, Confederacy is over.
Lincoln was assassinated on April 15th.
______________________________________________
Time Period 6
The Frontier of America during Reconstruction
Homestead Act of 1862: Pay $30 and live for 5 years for 160 acers. 160
acers is only for small scale farming.
Refrigerated Train Cars Were Made and increased demand for Beef.
Farmers have fights with cowboys.
Patrons of Husbandary (A farmers group):
more railroad regulations.
Populest Pary 1890
Challenged Democracts and Republicans, against railroads, anti bank gold,
anti grain elevator operators
Oklohama land Grab - 1889
Native Americans kicked out of Okolohama. USA created a line, and on
Aprol, 22, 1899, let people claim land.
The sooners would claim land first. Following land rush, land was gone.
Frederick Johnson Turner
New land gave more social oppurtunity, made people smarter and wasteful
_______________________________
Populest Party (Why anti gold):
Farmers wanted, less taxes, graduated income taxes, public ownership of
telegraph, railroads, direct election of senators, and Immigration Restrictions
“free silver instead of gold”: 16:1.
In 1892, Populest Party becomes Peoples Party.
Election of 1896.
William Mckinly wants to maintain gold standard and was a Civil War Vetern, and
wants to raise protective tarifs.
Farmers Protest Movement Lost Momentum
Failure of Peoples Party, Massive Immigration Into Urban Areas, Crop failures in
Europe
The 1898 Yukon Gold Strike.
The New South
More infrastructure like transport to the south.
Textiles, Tobacco, Timber, Iron and Steel, Railroads
The South remains the poorest and North controls
land.
Industrial workers in south earned ½ and worked
longer than North. Slaves and poor whites go back
to farms.
Sharecroppers give all land and equipment.
Tenant farmers needed land (pay rent), but had all
equipment.
A new sneaky way of slavery.
More shares go to landowners.
50% of whites and ¾ blacks are involved in tenant
or sharecropping.
Redeemers: Plessy vs Ferguson (the bad one),
This starts racism.
Tries to keep the south racist.
Louisiana train company did not want to be racist,
Homer Plessy story.
After 15th amendment (all men could vote), literacy
tests, poll tax, White only primaries, grandfather
clause, Blacks could not serve on juries, Lynchings
(revenge for an assumed crime)
Unit 7 (1890 - 1945)
America wanted to explore because they needed
Raw materials
Alfred Thayer Mahan writes a book called “sea power”
Was competing and wanted to win against Europe.
Wanted to spread Christianity
Cuba tries to overthrow Spanish influence in
Cuba
US wanted Cuba.
USA plans on helping Cuba, but yellow
journalism tried to stop that.
Yellow Journalism (Indirect): Investigative
journalism that only focuses on one aspect
of the truth.
War is declared in Spain (4 month war).
Fighting to free Cuba from Spanish.
Ask the Philippines if the US should fight for them
against SPain.
Teddy Roosevelt (In charge of Navy at the Time):
Rough Riders (organizes)
Us takes Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines
The Philippines thought they got full independence,
but now USA controls them.
Amilo Hidalgo created a rebellion against the US for
full Philippines independence (that fails).
Foreign Policy Shifted with Spanish American War
Manifest Destiny expanded into the world out of only
US lands.
Teddy Roosevelt negotiated peace between Japan and
Russia.
Monroe Doctrine was still there. (No taking over the
country after it gained independence.)
Latin America Foreign Policy
Roosevelt Corollary: United States will intervene in
western hemisphere affairs, if they are a threat.
Panama Canal: The United states wanted to build a
canal, so ships could go from Pacific to Atlantic.
Panama was owned by Columbia, and Columbia did
not want a canal.
USA took over Panama with Panama citizens
permission, and won, and then could build canal.
Gives canal to Panama in 2000.
Taft Dollar Diplomacy: Only got involved if it affected
the economy.
Wilson and Mexico:
Will wait until something happens.
A company wanted to take over Hawaii.
Queen of Hawaii says no to US power at first, but
then agrees because of US threats.
Cuba and the United States both agree that CUba
is independent.
Cuba also agrees to go to the United States for
help rather than any other country.
Might get questioned about America as world
power.
Imperialism is a good SAQ topic.
Multiple Choice: Motives (Time period 1), gold,
glory, and god.
Big Stick Diplomacy: had enough military, helps
diplomacy, takes Navy tour on tour,
Helps United States negotiate
__________________________________________
Progressive American Society
Always use Gilded Age problems for
Progressive essays.
Muckrakers Purpose
Stop urban problems
Monopolies
Political bosses
Poor living conditions
Bigger Ones: (USJRIT - Bell)
Upton Sinclair: The Jungle (Explores Meatpacking industry
and finds horror, but originally focused on immigrants.)
Makes FDA
Jacob Riis’s:
How The Other Half Lives: Poor living conditions
Ida Tarbell: Mother of Trusts (Against Rockfellers oil trust.)
The changes Muckrakers caused is a great essay topic.
Progressive reform (Temperance to Prohibition)
Lots of people vouched for Prohibition (banning alcohol)
1919
Volstead Act Actually enforced it
Progressive Labor Unions
American Federation of Labor (The Wobblies) 1905
Labour Strikes
147,000 miners strike
Victory and Union and membership soared
The government starts to support labor unions as more
coal is needed.
Model - T was produced. (Treated employees well)
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)
Factory owners would lock doors to keep employees
productive, this fire happened and the public wanted
more worker safety.
Child Labor
1900 - many kids worked in factories
Keating - Owen Act (1916): No interstate
shipment of child labor goods
Hammer vs Dagenhart: Removed Keating - Owning
Booker T Washington: Invited to White House
Atlanta Compromise: Blacks agreed to white political rule
for more education and due process.
W.E.B Dubois (Fights directly)
NAACP (1909)
______________________________________________
More lynchings
1910 - 1930: Many Blacks move to the north for
opportunity.
Women Suffrage:
National American Woman Suffrage Association (1900):
19th Amendment gave more rights to woman (1920)
Progressives start restricting immigration
Gentleman’s agreement (1903):
California desegregated schools for Japanese (Japan stopped
sending miners).
Dillingham Commission (1907 - 1911)
Required literacy tests for immigrants
Immigration Act of 1917
Extended list of undesirables and stopped immigrants from
certain countries
People have leisure time
Progressive American Politics
Tried to political corruption like Boss Tweed.
Secret Ballot (Australian Ballot): This made voting private.
Direct Primaries (People could choose candidates for
political party)
This was at state level.
Initiatives: People could force an election.
Referendums: Legislative proposals determined by an electorate.
Recalls: Allowed for officials to be removed from office.
Problems:
Senators chosen by state government until now
The 17th amendment allows senators to be directly elected.
State became more accountable and less
corrupt.
Lincoln Steffens wrote about city problems.
City government started to form, and city
managers were non-partisan.
Wisconsin Idea:
Fourth Party System (rich) (1896 - 1932):
Republicans dominated during this area
during the progressive.
Bull Moose breaks away from Republicans.
Democratic still support states rights:
Mostly farmers and working class.
A socialist party also formed.
1896 Election
William Jennings Bryan gives “Cross of Gold
Speech supporting Bi Metalism”.
William Mckinly (president) during gold rush,
and stops bi metalism, brings land, opens
China trade, deals with boxer Rebellion.
William Mckinly wins election but gets
assassinated during 1901.
Theodore tried to use power much as
possible.
Theodore Roosevelt took power from the
wealthy and transferred some to the poor.
During the coal strike, helped labor unions.
Big Stick Policy: Military power to help negotiations
Good Trust (Business) vs Bad Trusts:
Be nice to customers, you will be successful.
Consumer Protection:
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906):
Food must be safe and handled properly.
Meat Inspection Act (1906):
Stopped harmful chemicals and mishandled labels.
Roosevelt: Conservation
230,000,000 acres protected by Roosevelt.
US Forest Service
Newlands Reclamation Act (1908): Promoted irrigation
National Park Service (1916): John Muir Sierra Club
Picks William Howard Taft (1909 - 1913) to be the new
president.
Breaks up oil trusts, and increases taxes for rich people.
Dollar Diplomacy: Use military only for economic
problems
Election of 1912
Taft does not do just what Roosevelt said, and Theodore
Roosevelt comes for a third term.
Bull Moose Party Theodore Roosevelt)
Woodrow Wilson supported laissez faire, but ok with
some government involvement.
Woodrow Wilson (1913 - 1921):
17th amendment: direct election of states
Eighteenth Amendment: Prohibition
Nineteenth Amendment: Women’s suffrage
Clayton Trust Act (1914): Labor unions do not count as
disturbing trade.
Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Federal Reserve Act (1913): Created American banking
system
World War 1 Starts and the United States does
get involved eventually.
Great War
Lusitania sank on May 7, 1915 killing 128
Americans.
Russia becomes communist and falls out.
Zimmerman Telegram (1917):
German request for Mexico to join.
American Domestic War Front
War agencies became a thing.
Liberty Bonds
The government paid factories to produce war
stuff.
Portrayed Act of Patriotic Duty.
Committee on General Public Information
__________________________________________
Wilson declared war on Germany also due to
Zimmerman Telegram.
Government supports workers to stop the strike.
Rations started to make sure everyone got food.
War bonds could be bought from the
government.
Espionage Act of 1917: No inferences in military.
Sedition Act of 1918: Prohibit talks against USA
The military started to draft many people.
John J Pershing wanted to really fight, not just
fill up unused foreign positions. (13:07 minutes
video) Should be what it says
Selective Service Act of 1917
Conscription of soldiers ages 21 - 31
18 - 45 by 1918
Wilson and Peace
“Peace without victory” (Doesn’t want to brag)
Treaty of Versailles (US doesn’t want to ratify)
Irreconcilables: Hates Treaty of Versailles
Reservationists
Henry Cabot Lodge tries to push this
Doesn't want to US to be involved in foreign affairs (which league of nations required)
The US creates the League of Nations but doesn’t join.
First Red Scare
Starting on Anti - Communism
Attorney General at the time Mitchell Palmer
Conducted raids and deported communist supporters.
Post WWI American Foreign Policy and WWII
1920: America wanted to disarm.
Washington Naval Conference (1921): Conference to limit naval
power. USA and Great Britain agreed for every 5 ships, 3 usable.
Kellogg - Briand Pact (1928): Makes war illegal, and changes war
concept. Until now, war was to expand empires. This pact made that
unacceptable in society.
Economics is used in foreign policy. Economic alliances stop wars.
Nye Committee: Senate investigation into financial and banking
interests that resulted in US involvement in WWI.
1935 - neutrality act (US won’t war)
1937 - Cash and Carry provision (If you pay and bring your own ship,
the US will help you.)
1937 - Isolate bad countries from the economy.
1939 - Soviet Union secretly signs non aggression with Hitler, invades
Poland, and Britain and France start war. The Soviet takes bit of
Poland.
1940 - Germany still invades and captures Denmark and Norway, and
gives Britain and France destroyers for strategic military bases.
America 1st committee formed (isolationism),
Selective Service Act (preparing for War) First non war draft
1941 - Land Lease Policy, we will give you supplies for land for bases.
The Soviet Union joins with allies.
Atlantic Charter: Attack German ships that are a threat to the US.
December 7, 1941 - US declares war on Japan.
American Isolationists
1941 - America First Committee gone
Nye Committee (Why the US got in WWI. We don’t want again.)
FDR wants a third term.
Welcome back war bonds
Office of Censorship:
Censored some info which was a threat to United States.
Office of Price Administration and Ration books:
Rationed food and supplies
Women in WWII
Women were allowed jobs previously for men, but got paid a bit less.
1.2 million African Americans served, but were still segregated.
Tuskegee Airman
How can we fight for democracy abroad without it in the USA.
March of Washington (1941) - never happened (FDR de segregates
militray)
Japanese Internment Camps:
Executive order 9906
Korematsu vs United States (1944) ruled these
Camps constitutional during wartime
Mexicans and Native Americans served in WWII on the US side.
Back then the US encouraged Mexicans to immigrate.
Native Americans used as Navajo Code Talkers.
FDR becomes President a 4 times
Japanese Surrender (September 2, 1945)
Manhattan project (atomic bomb) (august,6,1945)
Origins of Cold War
WW11 ended because of the atomic bomb.
The United States NEVER directly fought the
Soviet union. (Only proxy wars)
Main Causes of Cold War
Democracy vs Communism
USA contain communism
The atomic bomb explosion.
The Soviet Union tries to spread
communism for protection.
Explosion of the atomic bomb on Japan in the USA.
USA does not want to end communism, just
stop spreading of it.
Stalin promises self election but breaks it.
Truman believed Stalin broke self declaration.
Truman believed communism would topple
democratic economic interests.
Iron Curtain: wall between (eastern -
communism) and (western democracy)
Truman Doctrine: Help people who don’t want
communism
Marshall Plan: We will give you money to help
your economy.
Please don’t be communist.
Prove that democracy is good (marshall plan)
Berlin Airlift: Stalin tries to stop resources for
West Berlin (1948)
Stalin stops the blockade eventually.
NATO 1949: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
We will help any country attacked by
soviets.
China also became communist.
1949
Everyone worried about war
Politics of Anti- communism
May 1938: House of Representatives makes
a group to detect anti - american activities.
(HUAC)
June 1940: Makes all non citizens register,
and makes it illegal to talk about
overthrowing US government
Truman made sure Federal Government
employees are lawful.
September 1950 (Mccarran - Nixon Internal
Security):
All communists in the USA must register.
Communists may be detained in national
emergencies.
No Defense work
1952: Communists could immigrate and
could be deported, unless they have special
skills.
Government employees must take loyalty
oaths.
Mccarthyism: Find communists and get
them out.
Movie people come under fire for
communist movies.
Eisenhower hates Mccarthy
Mccarthy found government employees that
are communist.
Mccarty even attacks military of being
communist, and the senate has had enough.
Korean War (1950 - 1953)
At the end WWII, korea was gone from
Japan.
Soviet takes North, and US takes South.
1950 - North Korea tries to invade south
korea.
Truman sends out troops without congress.
The UN helps the USA.
The USA wants to free whole Korea, but
China helps North Korea.
Truman tells to stop, but General Mcaruther
continues and gets fired.
Korean war stops, but no peace treaty.
Cuban Missile Crisis
Good Essay Topic
JFK wants to prove to the Soviet Union how great
USA is.
JFK helps Cuban refugees revolt in Cuba. (Bay of
Pigs, april 1961)
Khrushchev tries makes Berlin Wall (1961) Revenge
West Berlin Becomes Hostage
Soviet Union puts missiles in Cuba, and US in Turkey
JFK blockades Cuba
Khuresev removes Soviet Missile, if US won’t invade
Cuba and remove missiles in Turkey.
USSR begins ambitious military expansion.
Vietnam big part of Cold War
Vietnam never had independence, and Ho - Chi - Min
(communist )tried to make it.
Ho - Chi Min takes over North Vietnam.
France lost control over North Vietnam, and asks USA
for help.
China helps Vietnam.
Domino Effect: Communism Spreading
France defeated in Dien Bien Phu in 1954.
In 1955 US put Ngo Dinh Diem as south vietnam
president.
Diem refuses to put elections as establishes as a
dictator.
Vietcong is made in south Vietnam (Communist)
1963 - No one likes Diem, so people want to kill him.
US allows that.
Golf of Tonkin
Unprvoke fighting by North Vietnam.
Golf of Tonkin Resolution: Congress gives president
full power over military
The US gets more involved as Viet Cong stops USA.
Tet offensive: Stops war for Vietnam New Year.
Vietnam then attacks then.
Congress then stops the draft.
8:35
Many People came out and protested the Vietnam war.
1969: Make South Vietnam do more fighting, bring US
troops home.
Nixon bombs Cambodia to stop Vietcong supplies.
Kent State Protest 1970: 4 students killed in war
protest
Hanoi Jane: Visits POW (prisoner of war) camp, and
says they are not that bad.
War Power Act of 1973: Appeal Gulf of Tonkin
President has 48 hours to inform congress
President can create conflict for up to 90 days without
congressional approval. ONLY congress declares war.
Nixon Doctrine: We will help Asian countries, but not
send troops.
During war, Lyndon B Johnson made the CIA spy on
anti war protests, violation of CIA charter.
Regan called Cold War, “the focus of evil in the
modern world”
1981 - 1984: More defense spending, (threaten Soviets
until they give up)
1985 - Mikhail Gorbechev (New Soviet Union Leader):
Wants openness
More democratic
Better relationships with USA, less war
November 1989 - The Berlin wall falls down.
US and Soviet Union start working together
Fight for Civil Rights
Progress for Civil Rights:
13th amendment : Abolished Slavery
14th amendment: Former slaves are now US citizens.
15th amendment: All men could vote.
Executive Order 9981, 1948: No segregation is military
Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, 1954:
Seperate vs equal is found unconstitutional
Emmitt Till, August 1955: 14 years old is accused of
flirting, and is murdered. The murderers were
acquitted, and never convicted.
Rosa Parks, December 1955: Rosa Parks refused to
give up her seat
This starts the bus boycatt.
Little Rock Nine, 1957: 9 black students were
banned from integration schools, and Eisenhower
sent federal troops
Civil Rights of 1957: Federal prosecution for those
who suppresses voting rights
Greensboro Sit - In, 1960: 4 black students in a
restaurant refused to leave white only area. Sit-ins
started inspired by nonviolent protests by Gandhi.
Freedom Riders, 1961: Black’s tried to use white
only bus terminals.
University of Alabama, 1963: Governor George
Wallace of Alabama physically stands to stop 2
blacks from voting.
JFK sends national guard
March of Washington, 1963: 250,000 people join,
MLK gives “I Have a Dream”Speech.
16th Street Church Bombing, 1963: A church was
bombed before service, and 4 girls were killed.
Fuels angry protests
Civil Rights Act of 1964: LBJ signs into law. Banks
segregation and prevents discrimination. This
actually makes it illegal.
Bloody Sunday, 1965: A protest march was done
for voter suppression, and was met violently.
Voting Rights Act of 1965: Bans literacy tests, and
federal examiners make sure they don’t happen.
MLK is assassinated, 1968: MLK is killed in
Memphis, TN, James Earl Ray was convicted of
murder.
Malcom X: Another Civil Rights Activist
Joins Nation of Islam in prison
Does not agree with MLK on how to finish.
Is assignated after somewhat supporting MLK
SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Community)
1966: Black Power movement: Be proud of your
heritage
Project “C” … May 1963
MLK wrote Birmingham letter from jail.
1964: SNCC tried to register black voters. They
were murdered, and no one cared.
Black Panther Party: Self defense for the blacks
This sparks gun conversations.
Philadelphia Plan 1969 (Nixon President):
Required any business with govt contracts must
have timetable to hire minorities.
Yellow Power: Civil Rights movement spread to
Asia
AIM and Alcatraz 1969: AIM also wants freedom for
unfair treatment, and they take Alcatraz and
wounded Knee.
United Farm Workers 1962: Labor Unions for
Mexicans
Bilingual Education Act 1968: Allows for ESOL, and
helps non English speakers get education.
Gay Power: The Stonewall hotel had many gay
people.
Being gay was illegal back then.
NOW (National Organization for Women)
Princeton and Yale admitted women in 1969.
Women’s liberation march, Washington, DC - 1970
Beatty Ferdinand talks to many women, and talks
about their rights.
2nd Feminist Movement
Sentiments 1848 (Words changed to “All men and women
were created equal”).
Jeannette Rankin (1916): First woman elected to congress.
1920: Women could vote
1920: Flapper Girl (Shows women can be fun also)
Margaret Sanger: Arrested for Contraption laws
Eleanor Roosevelt: She traveled for FDR, since FDR could
not walk, and could not reveal it.
Frances Perkins: First female cabinet
Rosie the Riveter (Not an actual person)
Pink Collar Jobs: White collar jobs for women
Baby Boom: Pushes women back into home.
Post - WWII Housewives: Men were always outside, and
women would stay at home.
____________________________________________________
1960: The Feminine Mystique (Beatty Ferdinand)
National Organization for Women (NOW)
It showed that women could do more than just stay home.
Equal Pay Act 1963: Women and Men paid equally
Maternity Leave becomes a thing
Glass Ceiling: Women could only promote so far
Title IX 1972: Girls must have same education, and some
atletics
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): Never actually passed
Some Women never wanted ERA as it might allow for draft.
Women did not want to lose special privileges
Reproductive Rights
Sexual Revolution (1960s): Birth Control Pill
1965: Career advice for Women
Gloria Steinman: Encourages women to be independent
Griswold vs Connecticut: Supreme court allows for
contraceptives
Roe vs Wade legalized abortion
First Trimester: Abortion Allowed
Second Trimester: States many regulate but NOT Ban.
Third Semester: States may Ban It
Leading Ladies: Shirly Chisholm : First African Women in
Congress
Sandra O Connor: First Women on Supreme COurt
Sally Ride: 1983: First Women in Space
Geraldine Ferrado: First female nominee for President
Sarah Palin: Women President Candidate 2008
Nancy Pelosy: Only female house speaker
Hillary Clinton: 2016 Presidential Candidate
Kamala Harris: First female vice president.
The Presidents of the Time Period
Harry Turman (D):
Potsdam Conference (1945)
Drops Atomic Bomb
Taft Hartley Act
Truman Doctrine (1947)
Marshall Plan (1947)
Executive Order 9981 - desegregation of military (1948)
Berlin Airlift ( 1948 - 49)
NATO (1945)
China becomes communist (1949)
Korean War (1950 - 1953)
Fair Deal (Americans need an agreement to be fair, not best
but fair)
Dwight Eisenhower (R) :
Brown vs Board (Topeka 1954)
Beginning of Civil Rights Movement
Eisenhower Doctrine
Speed Race
Federal Highway Act of 1954
U-2 spy plane incident (1960)
Farewell Address US on military - industrial complex
Wagner Act Lets Laborers protest more
Eisenhower won election in 1962 with Richard Nixon
1958: Sputnik 1 and 2 launches. Government wants kids to
learn more science and math.
Anchorman Walter Cronkite taught rocket science through
TV.
Cars come out alot.
58 million in 1958
Federal Highway Act of 1956: The biggest construction
project in US History. The highways were built to move
troops.
1959//1960 Eisenhower and Khrushchev meeting 1959 and
plan to meet in 1960.
USSR shot down “spy plane” (not real), which was not real,
the pilot agrees with USSR, and issues start.
Camp David (1969)
Private companies tried to get the military involved in
conflicts to make money.
Election of 1960: Richard Nixon vs John F Kennedy,
first televised election (Visual Appearance Matters)
JFK only President for 3 years before assignation
LBJ becomes president
Barry Goldwater was the first Republican to make the south
vote Republican.
LBJ wanted to fight poverty (War on Poverty and Great
Society)
More education, Medicaid, Civil Rights
Robert Kennedy gives a speech and is assassinated.
1968 Richard Nixon R
Ends Vietnam War
Restore law and order
Cancels location segregation
More social benefits
Silent Spring (Too must pesticide)
Environmental Protection Agency
Richard Nixon stops inflanation
Nixon Writes Mason Doctrine
First President who goes to China (Stop China from being
too friendly with Soviets)
Detente: relaxed tensions between powers
Watergate Scandal: At Watergate Hotel, a burglary happens,
and the burglars want Nixon to be president
Time Period 8 Culture
There was a baby boom in the 1950's.
Conformity was the rule.
1954 more interest in religion.
1957 - More Federal spending on math, science, and foreign
language.
More Consumerism
GI - Bill: Military benefits for Veterans
1967 - Color television
Credit Cards and Fast food Chains came
Critics
David Riseman wrote the book The Lonely Crowd.
C. Wright Mills wrote The Power Elite.
Jack kerouac wrote wrote On the Road about
drugs, sex, Zen Buddhism, and hitchhiking
Felt the 1950s was an alienating time, esp. The poor and
minorities
Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac “Beat Generation” =
Beatniks
New music such as Rock and Roll emerged.
Now native Americans, Africans, and migrants were
suffering.
1965 - Birth Control Pills
The sunbelt and Rust Belt Formed.
Economy was not great at all (High Inequality)
