Basic Computer Notes for Competitive Exams
1. Introduction to Computers
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It can store, retrieve, and
process data.
2. Hardware and Software
Hardware: The physical parts of a computer (CPU, Monitor, Keyboard, etc).
Software: Set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do (Windows, MS Office, etc).
3. Input and Output Devices
Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone.
Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speakers.
4. Operating System
An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software
resources.
Examples: Windows, Linux, macOS.
5. Microsoft Office Tools
MS Word: Used for documentation.
MS Excel: Used for data analysis and spreadsheets.
MS PowerPoint: Used for presentations.
6. Internet and Networking
Internet: A global network that connects millions of computers.
IP Address: A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using
the Internet Protocol.
7. Important Abbreviations
CPU: Central Processing Unit
RAM: Random Access Memory
ROM: Read Only Memory
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
USB: Universal Serial Bus
8. Common Keyboard Shortcuts
Ctrl + C: Copy
Ctrl + V: Paste
Ctrl + X: Cut
Ctrl + Z: Undo
9. Sample Questions
Q1. What does CPU stand for?
A. Central Processing Unit
Q2. Which device is used to input data?
A. Keyboard
