Operating System - Detailed Notes
1. Introduction to Operating Systems
- Definition and Functions of OS
- Types of OS: Batch, Time-Sharing, Distributed, Real-Time, Mobile
- Structure of OS: Monolithic, Layered, Microkernel, Hybrid
- System Calls and OS Services
2. Process Management
- Processes and Threads
- CPU Scheduling Algorithms (FCFS, SJF, Round Robin, Priority Scheduling)
- Process Synchronization: Critical Section, Semaphores, Mutex
- Deadlocks: Conditions, Prevention, Avoidance (Banker's Algorithm)
3. Memory Management
- Memory Allocation: Contiguous vs Non-Contiguous
- Paging & Segmentation
- Virtual Memory: Demand Paging, Page Replacement Algorithms (FIFO, LRU, Optimal)
- Thrashing
4. File System Management
- File System Concepts, File Attributes, Operations
- Directory Structure (Single-Level, Two-Level, Tree, Acyclic)
- Disk Scheduling Algorithms: FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN, LOOK
5. Input/Output (I/O) System
- I/O Hardware (Devices, Controllers, Ports, DMA)
- I/O Software (Polling, Interrupts, Device Drivers)
- Storage Devices (HDD, SSD, RAID Levels)
6. Security and Protection
- Security Threats: Malware, Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses, Phishing
- Access Control and Authentication
- Encryption & Firewalls
7. Advanced Topics
- Distributed Operating Systems
- Cloud Computing & Virtualization
- Mobile Operating Systems (Android, iOS)
