ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
MODULE LESSON 1
QUARTER 1
Prepared by: Michael Herrera
ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
LESSON 1
NATURE, ELEMENTS AND PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
LESSON OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
a. Define communication and its nature;
b. Identify the elements of communication;
c. Explain the process of communication;
d. Explain the importance of communication; and
e. Differentiate the various models of communication.
PRE-ACTIVITY
Directions: Read each item carefully. Answer the following questions carefully.
(Use separate sheet of paper if needed)
1. What do I know about communication?
2. Why do I think communication is important?
3. What makes communication effective?
4. What would my life and world be without communication?
5. How can I deliver my messages to people clearly to avoid misunderstanding?
INTRODUCTION
Oral skills – both speaking and listening – are at the very foundation of
literacy. Classroom talk helps students to learn, to reflect on what they are
learning, and to communicate their knowledge and understanding.
In this course, students are given opportunities to learn how to listen and
speak effectively in various situations. In this LM, we will explore on the
fundamentals of communication based on the following: definition, elements and
process of communication. We will also tackle the different models of
communication as well as various strategies that we may use in order to avoid
communication breakdown.
MAIN LESSON
I. DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION
A. Etymological meaning of communication
The word communication is derived from two Latin words “communis”
(noun) and communicare (verb) which means commonality and to make common
respectively. From the viewpoint of etymological depth, communication refers to
sharing of something.
Communication is a structured two-way process essential in transmitting
information and expressing ideas among individuals. This two-way process may
come in two forms:
1.verbal with the use of words or utterances, speeches, presentations and
announcements among others and
2.nonverbal communication with the use of gestures, body movements, facial
expressions, posture, and eye contact.
Human beings communicate in two types of settings: informal and formal.
Informal communication is the casual and unofficial form of communication
wherein the information is exchanged spontaneously between two or more
persons without conforming the prescribed official rules, processes, system,
formalities and chain of command.
Formal communication refers to interchange of information officially. The flow of
communication is controlled. Examples of this formal communication are the
following: meetings within an organization, memos, reports, legal documents
II. NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
1. Communication is a process.
2.Communication occurs between two or more people (the speaker and the
receiver).
3. Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words, actions
(nonverbal), or both spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same time.
III. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication is divided into elements which help us better understand
its mechanics or process. These elements are the following:
1. Speaker- the source of information or message
2. Message- the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in
words or in actions
3. Encoding- the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other
forms that the speaker understands
4. Channel- the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal
or nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed or transmitted
5. Decoding- the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by
the receiver
6. Receiver- the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the
message
7. Feedback- the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver
8. Context- the environment where communication takes place
9. Barrier- the factors that affect the flow of communication
IV. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication is the process of passing information and
understanding from one person to another. The communication
process involves six basic elements: sender (encoder), message,
channel, receiver (decoder), noise/barrier and feedback.
PROCESS EXAMPLE
The speaker generates an idea. Daphne loves Rico, her suitor, as a
friend.
The speaker encodes an idea or She thinks of her to tell him using their
converts the idea into words or native language.
actions.
The speaker transmits or sends out a She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang
message. kaibigan.”
The receiver gets the message Rico hears what Daphne says.
The receiver decodes or interprets He tries to analyze what she means
the message based on the context based on the context and their
relationship, and he is heartbroken.
The receiver sends or provides He frowns and does not say something,
feedback because he is in pain.
V. MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Shannon-Weaver Model
Mother of all communication models.It depicts communication as a linear or one-
way process consisting of five elements: a source (producer of message); a
transmitter (encoder of message into signals); a channel (signals adapted for
transmission); a receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and a
destination.
This model has been criticized for missing one essential element in the
communication process: feedback. Without the feedback, the speaker will not
know whether the receiver understands the message or not.
2. Transaction Model
Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, this is a
two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one element.
As shown above, the model is more interactive. There is a collaborative
exchange of messages between communicators with the aim or understanding
each other. It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow
of communication.
EVALUATION
I. Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of your choice in a
separate sheet of paper.
1. All of the following statements define communication except___________
A. Communication involves a transaction.
B. Communication is sharing of ideas among a group of people.
C. Communication is a confusion of ideas in the mind of another.
D. Communication is the transfer of messages from one person to another.
2. Oral communication is the interchange of __________between the sender and
the receiver.
A. cues and clues C. written messages
B. signs and gestures D. verbal messages
3. Someone who sends out a message is called__________.
A. caller B. messenger C. receiver D. sender
4. A return message from someone you sent a message to is called______.
A. feedback B. forwarded C. reply D. retweet
5. Which of the following is NOT an element of communication?
A. barrier B. context C. emotion D. feedback
II. Define communication in a way that is similar to the definition given in the
lesson. (Use separate sheet of paper if needed)
ENRICHMENT
1.Directions: Choose an object to which you can compare communication. Make
an illustration and explain. Be creative in your answer. Put your answer in a
separate sheet of paper. (Use separate sheet of paper if needed)
2. What new or additional ideas did you learn after taking up this lesson?
