Republic of Philippines

Department of Education
Region 02
Division of Cagayan
Northern Philippines Academy
Centro Norte, Gattaran, Cagayan
S.Y. 2022-2023

Learning Areas: Oral Communication in Context Grade Level: GRADE 11

Quarter: 1st Quarter, First Semester Month:
School Year: 2022-2023

MODULE 1
UNIT I – INTRODUCTION
UNIT ITO COMMUNICATION
: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
I. INTRODUCTION
This module was designed and written to help you understand the nature, elements, process,
function, and models of communication. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
TOPIC / LESSON NAME Nature and Elements of Communication
1. Nature of Communication
2. Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
3. Elements of Communication
4. Process of Communication
5. Functions of Communication
6. Models of Communication
CONTENT STANDARDS The learner understands the nature and elements of oral
communication in context.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS The learner designs and performs effective controlled and
uncontrolled oral communication activities based on context.
LEARNING By the end of the lesson, the learner will have been able to
COMPETENCIES/OBJECTIVES a. identify the nature and process of communication;
b. differentiates the various models of communication
c. explain the process of communication through the
elements involved; and
d. recognize the importance of the models in
understanding the communication process as
applied in everyday life.
II. OBJECTIVES

III. LESSON PROPER

A. PRE-ASSESSMENT

Direction: Identify the following statement below. To help you with this activity, correct answers are
hidden in the letter box below. Write your answers on the space provided.

_________________1. This is transmitted from one person to another either through words, actions, or
expressions.
_________________2. One who transmits the words, actions, or expressions.
_________________3. This is how you transmit the words, actions, or expressions.
_________________4. Through this you transmit the words, actions, or expressions.
_________________5. Extract the meaning of words, actions, or expressions to complete
understanding.
_________________6. One who receives the transmitted words, actions, or expressions.
_________________7. Another word for answer or reply.

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 B. DISCUSSION

NATURE OF COMMUNICATION

Communication is a two-way process of connecting to both living and non-living things. It is also a means of
sharing and exchanging messages, information, ideas, and feelings for mutual understanding (Gregoriom, J.C.,
2015).
Communication connects people and the world they live in. It is through communication that people are
able to express their thoughts and ideas or convey information and messages through word of mouth, gestures
and signals, signs, and others. People have always communicated with one another in various forms.
1. Communication is a message understood. Unless a message is understood, we cannot say that communication
has taken place. Let us send a message to someone and say, “where came first”. The person who gets this
message would wonder what it means, for the arrangement of the words does not make any sense. The message
is sent but the receiver does not understand it. Therefore, for communication to take place, we have to consider
two conditions. First, there should be a clear message. Second, the message must be understood by the receiver
for whom it is meant.
2. Communication is social interaction through messages. Think of someone telling, “It is very warm today.” In
this case, we are communicating what ‘we experience’. The weather being warm is what we feel or experience
physically. In this scenario, we are sharing our feeling or experience with someone else. Thus, we may say that
“communication is a sharing of experience.” In our society, we all interact with messages. Without interactions, a
society cannot survive. Social interaction is always through messages.

For further examples and explanation about the topic visit: The Nature of communication in English| Oral
Communication in Context for SHS Youtube Channel: Teachinglearning English https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JZWEFcozoOw

VERBAL & NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

Verbal
-Verbal communication is through oral expression of the idea or message. It uses language or words.

Nonverbal
-Nonverbal communication is done through actions, facial expressions, or body language.

Verbal and Nonverbal dimensions must be used together to clearly impart the message. A misunderstanding may
happen when words contradict the actions. For instance, He/she may say “yes” but the facial expression says
“no”, or when a politician says he is the man of the people but refuses to shake hands them. It is important that
what is shown or done agrees with what is said.
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 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

There are seven elements in communication.

1. SENDER, also called SOURCE – the one who transmits the words, actions, or expressions / origin of the
message
2. MESSAGE – this is transmitted from one person to another either through words, actions, or expressions /
this contains the idea or action
3. ENCODE – this is how you transmit the words, actions, or expressions
4. RECEIVER – the one who receives the transmitted words, actions, or expressions
5. DECODE – extract the meaning of the words, actions, or expressions to complete understanding
6. CHANNEL – through this you transmit the words, actions, or expressions
7. FEEDBACK – the response made by the receiver / another word for “answer” or “reply”

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

As seen in the illustration, communication begins when the speaker or source of communication
responds to a stimulus and decides to encode or transmit it in the form of a message (or a “code”) through
a particular channel or means of communication. The receiver decodes or interprets the message sent and
responds accordingly based on his interpretation of the message. This response comes in the form of a feedback
sent to the original source of communication (sender). As the communication transaction continues, the sender
and receiver may exchange roles until understanding is achieved. Barriers to communication sometimes block the
transmission of the message thereby creating misunderstanding.

FOR EXAMPLE:
The speaker generates an idea Daphne loves Rico, her suitor, as a friend.

The speaker encodes an idea or converts the

She thinks of how to tell him using their native Language.
idea into words or actions.

The speaker transmits or sends out a message. She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang kaibigan.”

The receiver gets the message. Rico hears what Daphne says.

The receiver decodes or interprets the message He tries to analyze what she means based on the content
based on the context. and their relationship, and he is heartbroken.

He frowns and does not say something, because he is in

The receiver sends or provides feedback.
pain.

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 FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

Basically, there are five functions of communication. These are control, social interaction, motivation,
emotional expression, and information dissemination.

1. Control – Communication functions to control behavior.

Examples:
 Doctors’ Prescription “Take your medicine 3 times a day.”
 Parents’ Instruction to their child “Wash the dishes now, or else I won’t allow you to go to the party
later.”
2. Social Interaction – Communication allows individuals to interact with others.
Examples:
 Marriage Proposal “Will you marry me?”
 Invitation “Would you like some coffee, tea, or me?”
3. Motivation – Communication motivates or encourages people to live better.
Example:
 I need refreshment to continue my studies
4. Emotional expression – Communication facilitates people’s expression of their feelings and emotions.
Example:
 “Did you know that there’s a secret apartment at the top of the Eiffel tower?”
5. Information dissemination – Communication functions to convey information
Example:
 Expressing one’s ambition “I want to finish up my studies with good grades to be accepted in a good
university.”

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

A. Linear Communication

Linear communication is one-way, focusing on the transmission of a message to a receiver who never
responds or has no way of responding to the information conveyed. For instance, a competition organizer is
presenting the contest mechanics. The message is final and cannot be contended at all. For example, when
sending a notification or automated message that does not require a reply, reading a blog, or even the traditional
way of sending a message such as a telegram.

Shannon-Weaver Model
An example of linear type of communication is the Shannon-Weaver model (1949). It is also considered as
the mother of all communication models and has three main parts: sender, channel and receiver. It has a one-way
process starting from a source (producer of message); passing through a channel (signals adapted for
transmission) which may at times be interrupted by noise (barrier) to a receiver (decoder of message from the
signal). The process stops after the message has arrived at its destination.

photo credit: http://communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/

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 B. Interactive

Interactive approach is a two-way communication process where a response is given after a message is
sent. The recipient of the action intentionally or unintentionally gives a feedback associated with the information
received. Example of this is the Schramm Model.

Schramm Model

Photo credit: http://communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/ , https://znnhs.zdnorte.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ORAL-COMMUNICATION11_Q1_Module2_08082020.pdf

Schramm (1954) visualized the process of communication as an exchange of thoughts and ideas.
Feedback was added to the Shannon-Weaver Model. The recipient of the message decodes it and creates a
feedback based on his understanding of the information sent and vice versa.
The figure identifies the six elements of communication which are the sender, the message sent,
the receiver and the feedback provided by the receiver and sent back as a response to the sender and the
processes of encoding and decoding. Encoding is when an idea or information is translated into words and
expressed to others. Decoding is when this idea or information is understood and interpreted by the receiver.
The process goes on starting from the sender (source) who encodes the message transmitted to
the receiver which he interprets; decodes a message (feedback) to be sent back to the source who in turn,
decodes and interprets the information sent
C. Transactional

The transactional model shows a circular process of interaction between the persons involved in the
communication, with each one actively participating and sharing ideas with one another. They are the
communicators actively exchanging information and reaction.

Berlo’s SMCR Model

Photo Credit: https://pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca/communicationnursing/chapter/transaction-model-of-communication/ , businesstopia.net/communication/transactional-model-communication

The SMCR Model of Communication includes elements that may affect the transmission of information,
encoding and decoding. It shows that the source must have communication skills, right attitude, and adequate
knowledge and consider the social system and culture of the receivers.

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 For example, one can have a doctoral degree on a topic but without the skill to communicate what he knows
and the right attitude to do so, he/she may not communicate effectively. Moreover, when this same person
delivers the message to a person with a different social or cultural background, the message may not be received.
The model presents the elements of the message: content, elements, treatment, structure, and code.
Content is the message one transmits and includes the choice of word. To help transmit the message, one may
use gestures, facial expressions, movements, or postures, which are called elements. Transmitting the message
may also depend on how the source treat it, i.e., important, urgent, formal, casual. The structure of the message
or how the words are planned or arranged and the expression that goes with it, all compose the code for the
receiver to decode accurately.
In this model, each of the five senses is a channel through which the message is sent, e.g., a spoken message
through seeing or tasting or smelling; or preferred temperature through touching.

For further examples and explanation about the topic visit: The 3 models of Communication in English| Oral
Communication in Context-Senior High School Youtube Channel: Teachinglearning English
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHcrFM1A4MU

“Communication is a systematic process in which individuals interact through symbols to create and
interpret meaning.”

 There are 7 elements in communication:

1) sender/source, 2) message, 3) encode, 4) receiver, 5) decode. 6)channel, 7) feedback
 Models of communication are linear (Shannon-Weaver 1949) which is a one-way process,
interactive (Schramm 1954) which is a two-way process, and transactional (Berlo’s SMCR Model)
which is a circular process
 Communication may be verbal (through oral expression of the idea or message) or nonverbal
(through actions, facial expressions or body language)
 Functions of communication includes control, social interaction, motivation, emotional expression,
and for information dissemination

C. ACTIVITIES
Activity 1
Direction: Create a Venn diagram and differentiate Verbal and Nonverbal Communication. Include examples
of verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Do this on a clean sheet of paper.

Activity 2

Direction: Read the given situations and fill in the grid below by identifying the elements of communication.

1. Rosa instructs her little brother to water the plants in their garden. However, she did not notice that
her brother was wearing headphones when she gave instructions. She learned too late that her brother did
not do what she told him.
Source
Message
Receiver
Barrier (if any)

2. Trina’s mother sent her a ring and requested for a video call. The poor internet connection did not
make it possible. They resorted to just texting each other.
Source
Message
Receiver
Barrier (if any)

3. Gerry bought a can of milk from the nearby store. As it was handed to him, he checked its expiration
date. He found out that the product is already expired and reported it to the storekeeper.
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 Source
Message
Receiver
Barrier (if any)

Activity 3
Direction: Picture Talk. Cut-out pictures from magazines, brochures, or any other materials from your chosen
topic below then write a short conversation about it. Consider the nature and process of communication. Be
guided by the rubric below in making your output. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity.
Choose one topic that might interest you:
1. 2022 Presidential election
2. Oil price hike
3. Fake news
4. Covid-19

Activity 4
Direction: Write a response to each of the following dialogue prompts to complete the communication processes.

1. Trisha: Gaby, can’t you see that grandma crossing the street? She might be hit by the speeding
vehicles.
Your answer: ___________________________________________________________________.

2. Driver: Ma’am, there is no vacant seat anymore.

Pregnant Woman: Please sir, I’m already tired from the day’s work and I’d like to go home to take
a rest.
Your answer: ___________________________________________________________________.

3. Rica: Hey Reggie! Are you going to join the Bible study this afternoon?
Reggie: I will ask permission from my parents because it may end late.
Your answer: ___________________________________________________________________.

4. Grandma: I think you should go study in the university that you like.
Katie: Mom doesn’t want me to go where I want to study, Grandma. She said it’s too far from
home.
Your answer: ___________________________________________________________________.

5. Mom: You need to take your medicine otherwise we’ll be back at the hospital again.
Your answer: ___________________________________________________________________.

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IV. ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each item carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to your answer. Encircle
the correct answer.

1. Which model shows a one-way communication where the source of information does not know
whether the message is understood or not?
A. Interactive B. Linear C. Transactional model D. A and B

2. Which of the following is an example of a one-way communication

A. A church leader giving a homily to a crowd of people
B. A teacher encouraging students to give their thoughts on a relevant issue
C. Classmates talking about how to accomplish their assignments
D.ALL of the above

3. Which model of communication shows the interchange of ideas among different individuals and
shows progress in the process?
A. Interactive B. Linear C. Transactional D. NONE of the above
4. Angie works for a fast food company as a cashier. A customer comes in to order sandwich and drinks.
What model of communication is described in the given situation?
A. Conversational approach B. Interactive C. Linear D. Transactional mode
5. Which of the following elements affects the flow of any communication process?
A. barrier B. channel C. feedback D. source

6. Which element is NOT found in Shannon-Weaver model?

A. barrier B. channel C. feedback D. receiver
7. You and your neighbors would like to initiate a project for the benefit of the elderly in your
community. The chairman presented his proposal and ignored his constituents’ suggestions. What
model of communication is presented here?
A. Berlo’s Model C. Shannon-Weaver Model
B. Schramm Model D. Transactional Model
8. In the above situation, what element of communication is missing?
A. barrier B. context C. feedback D. receiver
9. When is a communication considered failed?
A. A negative feedback was given by the recipient of the message.
B. Both sender and receiver stopped the conversation process.
C. The persons involved fixed the problem that provoked in the process.
D. The recipient did not decode the meaning of the message sent.

10. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of communication?

A. It creates blunder that worsens an existing issue or concern.
B. It fosters good relationship among people.
C. It gears towards the solution to a problem.
D. It gives an overview of a national issue for public understanding.

REFERENCES:

 Gasulas, A. M., & de los Santos, V. S. et. al (2016). , IE FOR EC : Oral Communication in Context., Quezon
City. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
 oral%20Communication/ORAL-COMMUNICATION11_Q1_Module%201_08082020.pdf
 oral%20Communication/ORAL-COMMUNICATION11_Q1_Module2_08082020.pdf
 oral%20Communication/Oral%20Com.11%20Q1%20W1.docx.pdf
 Flores, R. S. Rex Book Store “Oral Communication in Context” pg5
https://www.slideshare.net/100002406493412/models-of-communication-11081558
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  De Vera, J.M. https://www.slideshare.net/jenelledevera92/nature-and-process-of-communication
 K-to-12-MELCS-with-CG-Codes

Prepared by: Checked by:

ANDREA MEA T. SUMAUANG LEA R. TALAMAYAN

Subject Teacher JHS/SHS Department Head