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Java Multithreading Notes

Java supports multithreading, allowing multiple threads to run concurrently within a single program, which enhances efficiency by sharing the same process. The Java Thread Model enables asynchronous execution, allowing non-blocked threads to continue running even if one is blocked, and includes a Fork/Join Framework for parallel programming. Synchronization is crucial to prevent data conflicts, and threads communicate via synchronized methods and the wait/notify mechanism, using the Thread class and Runnable interface for implementation.

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22 views2 pages

Java Multithreading Notes

Java supports multithreading, allowing multiple threads to run concurrently within a single program, which enhances efficiency by sharing the same process. The Java Thread Model enables asynchronous execution, allowing non-blocked threads to continue running even if one is blocked, and includes a Fork/Join Framework for parallel programming. Synchronization is crucial to prevent data conflicts, and threads communicate via synchronized methods and the wait/notify mechanism, using the Thread class and Runnable interface for implementation.

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Junkbag
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Java Multithreading Notes

Multithreading in Java - Summary Notes

- Java has built-in support for multithreaded programming.

- A multithreaded program consists of multiple threads (paths of execution) running concurrently.

- Multithreading is a form of multitasking; it's more efficient because threads share the same process.

- Two types of multitasking:

- Process-based: multiple programs running at once.

- Thread-based: multiple tasks in a single program run simultaneously.

- Threads are lightweight and have lower overhead compared to processes.

- Java handles multithreading directly, which helps reduce idle CPU time (e.g., waiting for input or network

data).

The Java Thread Model - Summary Notes

- Java's runtime system relies on threads and is designed for asynchronous execution.

- Single-threaded systems use event loops that block the program during wait states, wasting CPU time.

- In Java, if one thread is blocked, others can continue to execute, improving efficiency.

- Works on both single-core (threads time-slice CPU) and multi-core systems (threads can run in parallel).

- Java's Fork/Join Framework enables parallel programming by splitting tasks and executing subtasks

concurrently.

- Thread states: Running, Ready, Suspended, Blocked, Terminated.

Thread Priorities - Summary Notes

- Each Java thread has a priority value which determines how threads are scheduled.

- Priorities affect scheduling decisions, not thread execution speed.

- Context switch rules:

1. Voluntary: thread yields/sleeps/blocks, highest-priority ready thread runs.

2. Preemption: higher-priority thread preempts lower-priority one.

- Equal priority threads may behave differently based on OS (round-robin or cooperative).

- Portability issues can arise due to OS-specific scheduling behavior.

Synchronization - Summary Notes

- Needed to avoid data conflicts in shared resources.

- Java uses monitors to allow only one thread to access a synchronized block at a time.

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Java Multithreading Notes

- Every object in Java has an implicit monitor; synchronized methods lock the object until execution

completes.

- This ensures thread-safe operations in multithreaded environments.

Messaging Between Threads - Summary Notes

- Threads communicate using synchronized methods and wait/notify mechanisms.

- A thread can wait inside a synchronized method until another thread notifies it.

- Lightweight alternative to OS-based inter-thread communication.

Thread Class and Runnable Interface - Summary Notes

- Java threads are implemented using the Thread class and Runnable interface.

- Thread represents a thread of execution.

- Runnable is implemented by any class whose instances are intended to be executed by a thread.

- Common Thread methods:

- getName(): gets the thread's name.

- getPriority(): gets the thread's priority.

- isAlive(): checks if thread is running.

- join(): waits for thread to finish.

- run(): contains the thread's execution code.

- sleep(): pauses execution temporarily.

- start(): starts the thread and invokes run() in a new call stack.

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