Calculus Maximus Notes 8.
2: Polar Area
in
change
§8.2—Polar Area - radius
per rot/ rad
We are going to look at areas enclosed by polar curves, that’s enclosed, not under as we typically have in
these problems. These problems work a little differently in polar coordinates. Here is a sketch of what the
area that we’ll be finding in this section looks like.
The formula for polar area is different from all
previous area formulas, because it is not based
on rectangles. Instead, polar area uses and
infinite number of sectors to find the area.
Remember that a sector is a hunk of a circle, a
slice of pizza from the whole pizza.
The area of a sector of a circle is given by
1
=0 A = θ r 2 , where θ is in radians. Our area is
#
A
2
bounded by the radial lines from θ = α to θ = β
im
β
1
Area = ∫ r 2 dθ
2α
Example 1:
Find the area bounded by the graph of r = 2 + 2sin θ .
2[ra
·
* (0s28
=
()) 00s25)
+
sinzo =* (1-cos28)
3- 400s8 - sin (20)1
A rea = (2 + 2 sin) do
(DH -
4CS2T
-
[sin4π)
-
30-uc050 -
-(0))
↓Cusino 4) d
+ Usin +
OTT -
4 + 4
OTT
cos20))90
↓* (u M)t) (1 -
+ Osin +
2-2cOS2) d
- ( Osino +
+
Page 1 of 5
*
=
()(2)( 13 + 4 sino-cos20) do
Calculus Maximus petal length Notes 8.2: Polar Area
a= 2 n =
3
odd
cos
Example 2: ↑ & =s petals
no do
Find the area of one petal of r = 2sin 3θ . 0 =
#z
sin 30 = 0
+
D .
S
37
3
=
=
0
=
A-sin (00)
-
F = sin(2n))
-
(0 - sin(d) -
3 A
= (2sin3t) at =
- 0
usin I
=
30
Example 3:
-cost d
Find the area of one petal of r = 4 cos 2θ . 39/4
pets a
y
u
/2
u(t + (s48]74
:S 28)"
=
de
!
0
COS40]
= e
10528 A
π/4
=
[0 +
28 =
p
bos28d8 (π coS3i)
+
20 =
:
=
(π +
COST)
=
F
= /1-SinUE) 3
d
=
O
3π/2 = 2π
=
4935/41 #/4
-
Sin 98 do
Example 4:
Find the area inside one loop of r 2 = 4 cos 2θ .
YC0S28
Lemniscate r= = -
pos ?
0
400s28
=
Of = 0
COS20
0=
I
=
.
2
20
*1
#
Area
Page 2 of 5 4 (2) sin(20)1 =
2 (sin
sino]02(1-0]
-
Calculus Maximus Area
= de
Notes 8.2: Polar Area
Example 5:
Find the area inside r = 3sin θ and outside r = 2 − sin θ .
B =
/23 dimpled
c[sind"-(sin
·
Area =
= 5 .
196
intersect
3 sinE = 2-sint
4 SinE 2
=
sing =
-
=
Example 6:
Find the area of the common interior of r = 3cos θ and r = 1 + cos θ .
= Interse cost
10
cost =
E
8=
E
,
-
10
4
Area
= 2
[** (1 crso)
+
do
+ (2000) no]
= 3 .
926
Page 3 of 5
Calculus Maximus Notes 8.2: Polar Area
Example 7:
(Calculator Permitted) A polar curve is defined by the equation r = θ + sin 2θ for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π .
(a) Find the area bounded by the curve and the x-axis.
(b) Find the angle θ that corresponds to the point on the curve where x = −2 .
π 2π dr
(c) For <θ < , is negative. What does this say about the graph on this interval?
3 3 dθ
π
(d) At what angle θ in the interval 0 ≤ θ ≤ is the curve farthest away from the origin. Justify your
2
answer.
Page 4 of 5
Calculus Maximus Notes 8.2: Polar Area
Example 8:
2013 BC-2 (Calculator Permitted)
14. The graphs of the polar curves r = 3 and r = 4 − 2sin θ are shown in the figure above. The curves
π 5π
intersect when θ = and θ = .
6 6
(a) Let S be the shaded region that is inside the graph of r = 3 and also inside the graph of
r = 4 − 2sinθ . Find the area of S.
(b) A particle moves along the polar curve r = 4 − 2sin θ so that at time t seconds, θ = t 2 . Find the
time t in the interval 1 ≤ t ≤ 2 for which the x-coordinate of the particle’s position is −1.
(c) For the particle described in part (b), find the position vector in terms of t. Find the velocity vector
at time t = 1.5 .
Page 5 of 5
