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Composition Operation of Functions

The document provides multiple examples of the composition operation of functions, illustrating how to find (f ∘ g)(x) and (g ∘ f)(x) for various pairs of functions. Each example includes step-by-step solutions and calculations, demonstrating the substitution of one function into another. Additionally, it covers evaluating functions at specific points and determining the domain and range of composed functions.

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Asa Dasa
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26 views5 pages

Composition Operation of Functions

The document provides multiple examples of the composition operation of functions, illustrating how to find (f ∘ g)(x) and (g ∘ f)(x) for various pairs of functions. Each example includes step-by-step solutions and calculations, demonstrating the substitution of one function into another. Additionally, it covers evaluating functions at specific points and determining the domain and range of composed functions.

Uploaded by

Asa Dasa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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More Examples of The Composition Operation of Functions

Example 1

Given the functions f (x) = x2 + 6 and g (x) = 2x – 1, find (f ∘ g) (x).

Solution

Substitute x with 2x – 1 in the function f(x) = x2 + 6.


(f ∘ g) (x) = (2x – 1)2 + 6 = (2x – 1) (2x – 1) + 6

= 4x2 – 4x + 1 + 6
= 4x2 – 4x + 7

Example 2

Given the functions g (x) = 2x – 1 and f (x) = x2 + 6, find (g ∘ f) (x).

Solution

Substitute x with x2 + 6 in the function g (x) = 2x – 1


(g ∘ f) (x) = 2(x2 + 6) – 1

Use the distributive property to remove the parentheses.


= 2x2 + 12 – 1
= 2x2 + 11

Example 3

Given f (x) = 2x + 3, find (f ∘ f) (x).

Solution

(f ∘ f) (x) = f[f(x)]

= 2(2x + 3) + 3
= 4x + 9

Example 4

Find (g ∘ f) (x) given that, f (x) = 2x + 3 and g (x) = –x2 + 5

⟹ (g ∘ f) (x) = g [f (x)]

Replace x in g(x) = –x2 + 5 with 2x + 3


= – (2x + 3)2 + 5
= – (4x2 + 12x + 9) + 5
= –4x2 – 12x – 9 + 5
= –4x2 – 12x – 4

Example 5

Evaluate f [g (6)] given that, f (x) = 5x + 4 and g (x) = x – 3

Solution

First, find the value of f(g(x)).

⟹ f (g (x)) = 5(x – 3) + 4

= 5x – 15 + 4

= 5x – 11

Now substitute x in f(g(x)) with 6

⟹ 5(6) – 11

⟹ 30 – 11

= 19
Therefore, f [g (6)] = 19

Example 6

Find f [g (5)] given that, f (x) = 4x + 3 and g (x) = x – 2.

Solution

Begin by finding the value of f [g (x)].

⟹ f(x) = 4x + 3

⟹ g(x) = x – 2

f[g(x)] = 4(x – 2) + 3

= 4x – 8 + 3

= 4x – 5

Now, evaluate f [g (5)] by substituting x in f[g(x)] with 5.

f [g (x)] = 4(5) – 5

= 15

Hence, f [g (5)] = 15.

Example 7

Given g (x) = 2x + 8 and f (x) = 8x², Find (f ∘ g) (x)

Solution

(f ∘g) (x) = f [g(x)]

Replace x in f(x) = 8x² with (2x + 8)


⟹ (f ∘g) (x) = f [g(x)] = 8(2x + 8) ²

⟹ 8 [4x² + 8² + 2(2x) (8)]

⟹ 8 [4x² + 64 + 32x]

⟹ 32x² + 512 + 256 x

⟹ 32x² + 256 x + 512

Example 8

Find (g ∘ f) (x) if, f(x) = 6 x² and g(x) = 14x + 4

Solution

⟹ (g ∘ f) (x) = g [f(x)]

Substitute x in g(x) = 14x + 4 with 6 x²

⟹g [f(x)] =14 (6 x²) + 4

= 84 x² + 4

Example 9

Calculate (f ∘ g) (x) using f(x) = 2x + 3 and g(x) = -x 2 + 1,

Solution

(f ∘ g) (x) = f(g(x))
= 2 (g(x)) + 3
= 2(-x 2 + 1) + 3
= – 2 x2 + 5

Example 10
Given f(x) = √ (x + 2) and g(x) = ln (1 – x 2), find domain of (g ∘ f) (x).

Solution

⟹ (g ∘ f) (x) = g(f(x))
⟹ ln (1 – f(x) 2) = ln (1 – √ (x + 2) 2)
⟹ ln (1 – (x + 2))
= ln (- x – 1)

Set x + 2 to ≥ 0

Therefore, domain: [-2, -1]

Example 11

Given two functions: f = {(-2, 1), (0, 3), (4, 5)}and g = {(1, 1), (3, 3), (7, 9)}, find (g ∘ f)
and determine its domain and range.

Solution

⟹ (g ∘ f) (-2) = g [f (-2)] = g (1) = 1


⟹ (g ∘ f) (0) = g [f (0)] = g(3) = 3
⟹ (g ∘ f)(4) = g[f(4)] = g(5) = undefined

Hence, g ∘ f = {(-2, 1), (0, 3)}

Therefore, Domain: {-2, 0} and Range: {1, 3}

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