Class 8
Science
Chapter 8 Reproduction
Part C define
Answers:
1.Fertilization: The process of fusion of male and female gamete is called
fertilization.
2. Gestation period: The gestation period is the time from fertilization to birth,
during which a fetus develops within the womb. In humans, this period is
approximately 280 days.
3.Asexual reproduction: It is a type of reproduction where a single parent produces
offspring that are genetically identical to itself.
4.Metamorphosis: transformation of young ones into adult through drastic
changes is called metamorphosis.
5.Embryo: developing human to the period from conception to the end of the eighth
week of pregnancy.
A fetus is the term used for the developing human from the ninth week of pregnancy
until birth.
F Part Distinguish
A.
B.
c.
Part H answer the following in short
Ans1.Butterfly life cycle involves four distinct stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, and
adult butterfly.
Egg: The female butterfly lays eggs, typically on a leaf.
Larva (Caterpillar): The egg hatches into a larva, which is commonly known as a caterpillar.
Pupa: The caterpillar transforms into a pupa, also called a chrysalis.
Adult Butterfly: The butterfly emerges from the chrysalis as an adult, ready to fly and
reproduce.
Ans2. Implantation is the process where a fertilized egg, or blastocyst, attaches to the
lining of the uterus.
Ans3. The three parts of sperm cell are: 1) the head, 2) the mid-piece 3) the tail.
The head contains the genetic material and acrosome. The mid piece contains the
mitochondria which gives energy And, the tail is used to transport the sperm within the
female reproductive tract.
Ans4. Tadpole stage
Part I. Answer the following in detail
Ans1. Frog metamorphosis is the transformation of a tadpole into an adult frog.
metamorphosis process:
Egg Stage: The frog life cycle begins with eggs, which are laid in water.
Tadpole Stage: The eggs hatch into tadpoles, which are aquatic with gills and a tail for
swimming and feeding.
Adult Frog Stage: The tail eventually disappears completely, and the froglet becomes an
adult frog, fully adapted to life on land.
Ans2. Menstrual flow, or a period, occurs when the lining of the uterus sheds if an egg is
not fertilized. This happens because hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
Menstruation typically takes place every 28-35 days, with the average duration of bleeding
lasting 3-8 days.
Ans3. 1.Binary Fission: the parent cell replicates its genetic material (DNA) and then
divides into two equal parts. Example:Bacteria and amoeba
2.Budding: Budding involves a small outgrowth, or bud, forming on the parent organism.
The bud grows and develops, deataching to become a new individual.
Examples: Hydra and yeast reproduce through budding.
Ans4. Placenta is a vital, disc-shaped organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy.
It facilitates the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother’s
blood and the fetus’s blood without direct mixing.
Ans5. Female reproductive system facilitates menstruation, produces gametes (eggs),
regulates sex hormones, and enables pregnancy and childbirth. It includes internal organs
like the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina, as well as external genitalia.
Ans 6
Part J. Long answer type
Ans1.
Ans2. The fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus. The placenta then develops.
The placenta transfers nutrition and oxygen to the fetus from mother. If the egg does not
become fertilized, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed during menstruation.
Ans3. If a sperm is produced without a tail it would significantly impair its ability to swim
and reach the egg for fertilization, leading to male infertility.
NCERT QUESTIONS
Question 1.Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms.
Answer: Reproduction is a vital phenomenon on this planet earth which is essential for
existence and continuity of life and species on it, generation after generation.
Question 2. Describe the process of fertilisation in human beings.
Answer: In the process of fertilisation, sperms come in contact with an ova (egg). One of
the sperms may fuse with the egg. The nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse to form a single
nucleus resulting in the formation of a fertilised egg called zygote.
Question 5. Give two differences between a zygote and a foetus.
Answer: Zygote Foetus
(i) It is a single celled (i) It is multicelled,
(ii) It is formed by the fusion of
sperm and gamete (ii) It is formed by the repeated division of the
zygote.
