[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
385 views2 pages

Cambridge Year 7 Structure and Function Notes

The document provides an overview of cells, including their types (unicellular and multicellular) and common structures such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, along with their functions. It highlights differences between plant and animal cells, specialized cells and their roles, and introduces key concepts like diffusion and osmosis. Additionally, it includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of the material.

Uploaded by

adeene07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
385 views2 pages

Cambridge Year 7 Structure and Function Notes

The document provides an overview of cells, including their types (unicellular and multicellular) and common structures such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, along with their functions. It highlights differences between plant and animal cells, specialized cells and their roles, and introduces key concepts like diffusion and osmosis. Additionally, it includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of the material.

Uploaded by

adeene07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Cambridge Year 7 Science: Structure and Function - Revision Notes

1. Introduction to Cells

Cells are the fundamental units of life in all living organisms.

Types of Organisms:

- Unicellular: Organisms made up of a single cell (e.g., bacteria).

- Multicellular: Organisms composed of multiple cells (e.g., plants, animals).

2. Common Cell Structures and Their Functions

Nucleus: Contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.

Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance where most chemical reactions occur.

Cell Membrane: Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration, producing energy for the cell.

Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.

Cell Wall: Provides structure and support; found in plant cells.

Chloroplasts: Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis; found in plant cells.

Vacuole: Contains cell sap; helps maintain cell rigidity in plant cells.

3. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

Plant Cell:

- Cell Wall: Present (made of cellulose)

- Chloroplasts: Present (for photosynthesis)

- Vacuole: Large central vacuole

- Shape: Regular, rectangular shape

Animal Cell:

- Cell Wall: Absent

- Chloroplasts: Absent

- Vacuole: Small or absent

- Shape: Irregular, round shape


Cambridge Year 7 Science: Structure and Function - Revision Notes

4. Specialized Cells and Their Functions

Red Blood Cell: Transports oxygen; Contains haemoglobin; biconcave shape; no nucleus

Neurone: Transmits nerve impulses; Long axon; branched dendrites

Ciliated Cell: Moves mucus in respiratory tract; Hair-like cilia on surface

Root Hair Cell: Absorbs water and minerals; Long extension increases surface area

Palisade Cell: Performs photosynthesis; Packed with chloroplasts; located in leaf upper layer

5. Additional Key Concepts

Diffusion: Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmosis: Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated

one.

Tissue: Group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

Organ: Structure made up of different tissues working together to perform a particular function.

Organ System: Group of organs that work together to carry out complex functions.

Practice Questions

1. What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

2. List two differences between plant and animal cells.

3. Explain how the structure of a red blood cell is adapted to its function.

4. Define diffusion and provide an example in the human body.

5. Describe the role of root hair cells in plants.

You might also like