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Apush Unit 1 Review Notes

The document outlines the period from 1491 to 1607, highlighting the diverse Native American societies before European contact and the significant events following Columbus's arrival in 1492, which initiated the Colombian Exchange. It discusses the Spanish colonization efforts, the Encomienda system, and the subsequent shift to the trans-Atlantic slave trade, as well as the impact of these events on European economic systems transitioning from Feudalism to Capitalism. Additionally, it touches on the social hierarchy established through the Caste system and the role of joint-stock companies in funding exploration.

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34 views2 pages

Apush Unit 1 Review Notes

The document outlines the period from 1491 to 1607, highlighting the diverse Native American societies before European contact and the significant events following Columbus's arrival in 1492, which initiated the Colombian Exchange. It discusses the Spanish colonization efforts, the Encomienda system, and the subsequent shift to the trans-Atlantic slave trade, as well as the impact of these events on European economic systems transitioning from Feudalism to Capitalism. Additionally, it touches on the social hierarchy established through the Caste system and the role of joint-stock companies in funding exploration.

Uploaded by

sydney.scalese
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 1 (1491-1607):

●​ 1491 was the year before Columbus landed, able to set an image of what life was
like before European contact
●​ 1607 was the founding of Jamestown

●​ Native societies pre-euro contact:


○​ The Native American people were very diverse based on the diversity of the
land
■​ Specific areas
●​ Great basin/plains:
○​ Lived nomadically to follow scarce food sources
●​ Southeast:
○​ Farmed due to the fertile soil of the Mississippi River valley
○​ Used the extensive waterways for trade
●​ Northeast:
○​ Lived in long houses due to extensive access to timber
●​ Pacific coast:
○​ Lived off the immense access to fish and plants

●​ European involvement:
○​ The European upper class was growing due to the shift to monarchies, and they
wanted riches/luxuries
○​ The only problem was that the Muslims controlled land-based trade routes to
Asia, so they began to look for a sea-based trade route
○​ Portugal sent Prince Henry the Navigator around Africa
○​ Spain sent Christopher Columbus westward, and in 1492, he landed in what
he thought was India, but really was the Caribbean
○​ This began the Colombian Exchange: the Exchange of Plants, Animals,
Diseases, People, and Ideas between the 2 worlds
■​ The introduction of horses and guns in the Colombian exchange
revolutionized native warfare
■​ The introduction of disease killed a massive chunk of the native society
○​ After word got around abt Columbus, the Treaty of Tordesillas (The agreement
made between Spain and Portugal by the pope to divvy up the Americas) was
signed

○​ Spanish Colonies:
■​ Spanish exploration was funded by the Spanish crown
■​ To control and maintain the colonies, the Spanish put in place the
Encomienda system: nobles were given a portion of land, and every
native on that land would have to work for them
●​ Problems:
○​ Natives were constantly dying from smallpox, and were
able to run away due to their understanding of the land
○​ Some people, like Des Las Casas, spoke out against the
harsh treatment of the natives, saying that they would grow
to hate Christianity, and those doing the abuse wouldn't get
into heaven
○​ Another problem was the native's resistance to the
Mission system (converting natives to Christianity),
leading to things like the Pueblo Revolt (after being forced
into Christianity, and having to hide their cultural practices,
the Pueblo people revolted against the Spaniards)
●​ These reasons led to the abolition of the Encomienda system
■​ After the Encomienda system is shut down, the trans-Atlantic slave
trade begins to replace that labor
■​ The middle passage: the brutal trip from africa to the americas
■​ The Caste system: social ranking of individuals based on their racial
ancestry
■​ Joint-stock companies: investors pooled money to fund adventures to
America to suffer fewer consequences but equal reward
■​ The import of luxuries from the Americas during the Columbian Exchange
shifted Europe’s economic system from Feudalism to Capitalism
●​ Feudalism: a system where the king and nobles owned land, and
peasants worked for protection. It also had trade controlled by the
government/kings
●​ Capitalism: An Economic system based on private ownership and
free trade

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