Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
Name: _______________________________ Grade 11 ____
Chemistry
Practice Sheet
Exercise: 1 Use the data below to answer the following questions.
Time [H2O2]
(mol/L)
0 1
30 0.88
60 0.765
90 0.66
120 0.58
The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution occurs according
to the following reaction:
2H2O2 (aq) 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)
The data above were collected for the concentration of H₂O₂ over time at 25°C:
a- Using the data provided, calculate the average rate of decomposition of H₂O₂
between:
(i) 0 s and 60 s
(ii) 60 s and 120 s
Express your answer in mol·L⁻¹·s⁻¹.
Rate = - ∆[H2O2]
∆t
For Interval: 0 and 60:
Rate = - ( [H2O2]final - [H2O2]initial)
(60 – 0)
Rate = - ( 0.765 - 1)
60
Rate = 3.91 x 10-3
1
Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
Note: The question is asking for the rate of decomposition of reactant so we don’t
include the coefficient. If the question is asking for overall rate of the reaction, the
coefficient will be included and the equation will be:
Rate = - ∆[H2O2]
2 x ∆t
For Interval: 60 and 120:
Rate = - ( [H2O2]final - [H2O2]initial)
(120 – 60)
Rate = - ( 0.58 – 0.765)
60
Rate = 3.08 x 10-3
b- Based on your answers in part (a), does the rate of decomposition increase,
decrease, or stay the same over time? Justify your answer.
The rate is decreasing. Since H2O2 is a reactant, then it should decrease as reactant
decreases will products increases.
c- Write the expression for the rate of the reaction in terms of the disappearance of
H₂O₂ and the appearance of O₂.
Rate = - ∆[H2O2] = ∆[O2]
2 x ∆t ∆t
d- If the volume of the solution is 500.0 mL, calculate the number of moles of O₂
produced between 0 s and 120 s.
[H2O2] = 1 – 0.58
[H2O2] = 0.42M
n=CxV
V = 500 ÷ 1000 = 0.5L
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Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
n = 0.42 x 0.5
n = 0.21 mol
Using Stoichiometry:
nH2O2 = nO2
2 1
nO2 = (0.21 x 1) ÷ 2
nO2 = 0.105 mol
Exercise: 2 Solve the following questions.
a- NH3 (g) N2 (g) + H2 (g)
At 500 K, the following concentrations were measured:
[N2] = 3.0 x 10-2 M, [H2] = 3.7 x 10-2 M, [NH3] = 1.6 x 10-2 M. What is Kc?
Balance the chemical equation:
2NH3 (g) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)
Kc = [N2] [H2]3
[NH3]2
Kc = (3.0 x 10-2)(3.7 x 10-2)3
(1.6 x 10-2)2
Kc = 5.93 x 10-3
3
Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
b- At 1000 K, the equilibrium partial pressures for the reaction below are:
CH4 = 0.20 atm, H2S = 0.25 atm, CS2 = 0.52 atm, and H2 = 0.10 atm. What is Kp?
CH4 (g) + 2H2S (g) CS2 (g) + 4H2 (g)
The equation is already balanced
Kp = (PCS2) (PH2)4
(PCH4)(PH2S)2
Kp = (0.52) (0.1)4
(0.2)(0.25)2
Kp = 4.16 x 10-3
Exercise: 3 Solve the following questions:
a- Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all species for the following reaction if
the initial concentrations of H2 and I2 are both 1.00 M.
H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2 HI (g) Kc = 50.5
Equation is balanced
Since the given value is at initial so we have to use ICE Table
Condition H2 I2 HI
Initial 1 1 0
Change -x -x 2x
Equilibrium 1–x 1–x 2x
Kc = [HI]2
[H2][I2]
50.5 = (2x)2
(1 - x)(1 - x)
50.5 = (2x)2
4
Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
(1 - x)2
√50.5 = √ (2x)2
(1 - x)2
7.10 = (2x)
(1 - x)
7.10 – 7.10x = 2x
7.10 = 2x + 7.10x
7.10 = 9.1x
x = 7.10 ÷ 9.1
x = 0.78
Condition H2 I2 HI
Initial 1 1 0
Change -x -x 2x
Equilibrium 1–x 1–x 2x
[H2] = 1 – x
[H2] = 1 – 0.78
[H2] = 0.22
[H2] = [I2] = 0.22
[HI] = 2x
[HI] = 2(0.78)
[HI] = 1.56
b- If 2 mol of H2 and 3 mol of I2 are placed in 1000 ml vessel at 1100K, what is the
concentration of each gas at equilibrium?
5
Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
H2 (g) + I2 (g) HI (g) Kc = 25
Balanced Equation:
H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2HI (g) Kc = 25
V = 1000ml = 1L
[H2] = n ÷ V
[H2] = 2 ÷ 1
[H2] = 2M
[I2] = 3 ÷ 1
[I2] = 3m
Since the given value is at initial so we have to use ICE Table
Condition H2 I2 HI
Initial 2 3 0
Change -x -x 2x
Equilibrium 2–x 3–x 2x
Kc = [HI]2
[H2][I2]
25 = (2x)2
(2 - x)(3 - x)
Since we don’t have square in both numerator and denominator so we can’t do square
root and we will solve for quadratic equation
25 = (2x)2
6 – 2x – 3x + x2
150 – 125x +25x2 = 4x2
0 = 4x2 – 25x2 + 125x – 150
6
Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
0 = -21x2 + 125x – 150 (Multiply x -1)
0 = 21x2 – 125x + 150
x1 = 4.28 and x2 = 1.66
Both are positive but the first value will result in negative concentration so we will take
X2
Condition H2 I2 HI
Initial 2 3 0
Change -x -x 2x
Equilibrium 2–x 3–x 2x
[H2] = 2 – x
[H2] = 2 – 1.66
[H2] = 0.34
[H2] = [I2] = 0.34
[HI] = 2x
[HI] = 2(1.66)
[HI] = 3.32
c- If 0.25M of N2 and 0.43M of O2 are initially mixed together at 500K, what is the
concentration of each gas at equilibrium?
7
Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
N2 (g) + O2 (g) NO (g) Kc = 4.1 x 10-4
Since they are asking you to find the value at equilibrium it means that the given amount
is initial one
N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 NO (g) Balanced Equation
Since the given is initial value, we have to use ICE Table
Condition N2 O2 NO
Initial 0.25 0.43 0
Change -x -x 2x
Equilibrium 0.25 – x 0.43 – x 2x
Kc = [NO]2
[N2][O2]
4.1 x 10-4 = (2x)2
(0.25 - x)(0.43 - x)
Note: When the Kc given is smaller than 1x10 -3 then we consider the “x” in the
denominator only as “0” because the change will be very small
4.1 x 10-4 = (2x)2
(0.25)(0.43)
4x2 = (4.1 x 10-4) (0.25) (0.43)
4x2 = 4.4 x 10-5
x2 = (4.4 x 10-5) ÷ 4
x2 = 1.1 x 10-5
√x2 = √1.1 x 10-5 to find the value of “x”
x = 3.31 x 10-3
Conditio n N2 O2 NO
Initial 0.25 0.43 0
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Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
Change -x -x 2x
Equilibrium 0.25 – x 0.43 – x 2x
[N2] = 0.25 – 3.31 x 10-3
[N2] = 0.246M
[N2] = [O2] = 0.246M
[NO] = 2(3.31 x 10-3)
[NO] = 6.62 x 10-3 M
Exercise: 4 Solve the following questions:
A student places 0.0500 mol of solid calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) in a sealed
1.00 L container and heats it to 800°C. The following equilibrium is
established:
CaCO3 (s) ⇌ CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
At 800°C, the equilibrium partial pressure of CO₂ is measured to be 0.230 atm.
a- Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Kp, for the reaction above.
b- Calculate the value of Kp for this equilibrium at 800°C.
c- The student injects an additional 0.100 atm of CO₂ gas into the container after
equilibrium is established.
i- Qualitatively predict the shift in equilibrium, if any. Justify your answer using Le
Chatelier’s Principle.
ii- Will the amount of solid CaCO₃ increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain.
d- The student now increases the volume of the container at constant temperature.
i- Predict the shift in equilibrium, if any. Justify your answer.
ii- How will the partial pressure of CO₂ at the new equilibrium compared to the original
0.230 atm?
a- The equation is balanced
9
Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
CaCO3 (s) ⇌ CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
Kp = PCO2 Since it’s the only gas molecule
b- Kp = 0.23 atm
c-
i- Since the [CO2] increases, then the reaction will shift backward “Backward
Favorable” according to Le Chatelier Principle
ii- Since the reaction is “Backward Favorable” it means that the reaction will
form more reactants, and thus the amount of CaCO3 will increase.
d-
i- Increasing the volume means the pressure decreases. According to Le
Chatelier principle, when pressure decrease, the reaction will shift to form
more gas molecules to retain equilibrium. Since gas molecule is only found in
the product, then the reaction will shift forward “Forward Favorable”.
ii- Since the pressure decreases when volume increases then the pressure will
be less. But as the reaction will be shifted forward, then it will decrease and
then it will start to increase as more products will be formed (more gas will
be formed)
Exercise: 5 At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant Kc for the
following reaction is 4.20 × 10⁻²:
10
Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
The temperature is 450 K, and the ideal gas constant R=0.0821 L.atm/mol.K
a- Write the expression for Kc for the reaction above.
b- Calculate the value of Δn (change in moles of gas) for this reaction.
c- Calculate the value of Kp. Show your calculation.
d- Based on the value of Kp, is the formation of ammonia favored under these
conditions? Justify your answer.
a- N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) The equation is balanced
Kc = [NH3]2
[N2] [H2]
b- ∆n = nproduct - nreactant
∆n = 2 – 4
∆n = -2
c- The formula is Kp = Kc (RT)Δn
Kp = (4.2 x 10-2) (0.082 x 450)-2
Kp = 3.08 x 10-5
d- Since the Kp is smaller than Kc it means that the amount of gas in the product is
smaller than that of the reactant and thus less NH 3 gas will be formed. “Backward
Facorable”
Exercise: 6 In an industrial process, nitrogen dioxide and fluorine gas react
through a multi-step mechanism to form nitrogen trifluoride:
11
Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2024-2025
NO2 (g) + F2 (g) ⇌ NO2F
Step 1:
(g) +F (g) Kc1 = 1.5×102
⇌ NO
Step 2:
NO2F (g) + F (g) (g) + F2 (g) Kc2 = 4.0×10−3
a- Write the overall chemical equation for the two-step reaction. Show your steps
b- Using the values of Kc1 and Kc2, calculate the value of the equilibrium constant Kc for
the overall reaction.
a- Since we have “F’ in the product in the first reaction and in the reactant in the 2 nd
reaction then we can cancel it. The same applies to NO 2F and F2. Add the two
equations to reach:
NO2 ⇌ NO
b- Kc = Kc1 x Kc2
Kc = (1.5×102) (4.0×10−3)
Kc = 0.6
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