U-3ARC

TRAINING WEBINAR N°28

SELECTION OF COMPONENTS
OF A REFRIGERATING CIRCUIT

1
Hammadi FERJANI
December 16, 2023
 Summary

Selecting an evaporator
Selection of an air condenser refrigeration unit
Selecting a compressor
Selecting an air condenser

Hammadi FERJANI
To select an evaporator from a manufacturer, you must check
several points

❑ What refrigerant do we use?

❑ What is the refrigeration power that this exchanger
must absorb?
❑ What are the nominal evaporation and fluid
temperatures to be cooled?
❑ What should we cool? Clear water, brine, fruit juice,
air?
❑ What should we keep in the room? Fruit, cheese,
packaged products?
❑ Is the atmosphere aggressive?
❑ What are the dimensions of the room?
❑ Are there any restrictions on fan noise?
❑ Do the staff work permanently in the refrigerated room?
Recommended temperature difference for air evaporators

Mode de
CATEGORIE CATEGORIE CATEGORIE CATEGORIE
circulation
1 2 3 4
de l'air
Températures Pulsé 3 à 5°C 5 à 7°C 7 à 9°C 9 à 12°C
POSITIVES Naturel 8 à 10°C 10 à 12°C 12 à 15°C 15 à 20°C
Mode de
Produits congelés ou à Produits congelés ou à
circulation
congeler NON EMBALLES congeler EMBALLES
de l'air
Températures
Pulsé 5 à 6°C 7 à 8°C
NEGATIVES
Categorize foods according to their relative humidity

CATEGORIE 1 TRES HAUTES humidités CATEGORIE 2 HAUTES humidités relatives

relatives (environ 90 à 95 %) (environ 85 à90 %)

✓Certains fromages ✓Viandes fraîches conditionnées ou en carcasses

✓Certains légumes (en particulier : épinards laitues choux de ✓Lapins
Bruxelles rutabagas) ✓Jambon frais
✓Poissons frais ✓Longes fraîches
✓Pâtes à pain ✓Huîtres
✓Beurre non emballé ✓Certains fruits (en particulier pommes poires groseilles vertes)
✓Certains fruits en stockage de longue durée en stockage moyenne durée
✓Agrumes
✓La plupart des légumes (betteraves rouge carottes choux
haricots verts)
✓Fleurs coupées
✓Œufs en caisses à claire
✓Bière en fûts de bois
✓Certains fromages

CATEGORIE 3 MOYENNES humidités relatives CATEGORIE 4 FAIBLES humidités relatives

(environ 80 à 85 %) (environ 75 à 80 %)

✓Denrées diverses (restaurants) ✓Viandes

✓Poissons sans glace ✓Fruits
✓Viande en quartiers ✓Légumes
✓Oignons ✓Poissons séchés
✓Volailles fraîches ✓Lait
✓Fruits ayant une peau relativement épaisse (coing, melon) ✓Crèmes
✓Conserves
✓Confitures
✓Boissons en bouteilles ou en fûts métalliques
✓Laitages
Et en général tous les produits protégés par une enveloppe étanche à
l'air
Choice of temperature difference between refrigerant and
the temperature of the medium to be cooled
 Choice of fin spacing

If we return to the previous table we can give an order of magnitude of the

spacing to be adopted for normal storage temperatures (θ > 0°C).
Category 1 (90 to 95% relative humidity) 10 to 12 mm
Category 2 (85 to 90% relative humidity) 7 to 10 mm
Category 3 (80 to 85% relative humidity) 5.5 to 6.5 mm
Category 4 (75 to 80% relative humidity) 4.5 to 5.5 mm

Used materials

Cas Général Ambiances agressives Autres

ou marines
Matériaux Tubes cuivre revêtu Tube et ailettes en acier Voir
d’alu + ailettes alu inoxydables, ou tube lisse inox documents
constructeur
Remarques Grand standard de Selon le budget du client. Les
fabrication plus sauvent pour l’industrie
agroalimentaires (fromagerie,
viande/salaison)
Air flow speed and jet lift

Speed: Greater than 2 m/s at evaporator blowing

Jet lift: Depending on the volume of the room and available space, the
air jet must be able to reach all areas of the room

Evaporator type
Small volume: Ceiling evaporator (single flow or double flow), wall
mounted
Medium volume: Ceiling or cubic evaporator
Large volume: Cubic or nozzle evaporator
Work rooms, maintaining reception/dispatch dock temperature:
Double flow evaporator
Implementation (Cubic evaporators)
❑ Several arrangements see diagram
❑ Avoid installing the evaporator above a door (rapid freezing)
❑ Ensure that the entire room is irrigated by the air flow
❑ Do not blow air directly on the products (freeze and temperature
difference in the room) but above
Selection coefficient
Selection example
Desired cooling power: Q0 = 24 KW
Air inlet temperature: θa = + 2°C
Evaporation temperature: θ0 = - 8°C
Refrigerant: R134a
ΔθTotal = (θa - θ0) = 2 - (-8) = 10 k
To select under standard conditions, the following
correction coefficients should be applied:
Hygrometry coefficient: 1.15 / 1.24 = 0.927
Correction coefficient of Δθ: 8 / 10 = 0.8
Refrigerant coefficient: 1 / 0.91 = 1.098

Expressed under the given standard conditions, the desired power of 24 KW

becomes: 24x0.927x 0.8x1.098 = 19.54 KW

The 3C-A4364R type evaporator meets our needs

To select a refrigeration unit from a manufacturer, you must check
several points

❑ What type of fluid do we want to use?

❑ What type of condenser used: air or water
❑ What is the cooling capacity
❑ What are the nominal outdoor ambient and evaporation
temperatures?
❑ What are overheating, undercooling,
 Selection example
▪ Desired cooling power: Q0 = 24 KW
▪ Ambient outside air temperature: θa = + 38°C
▪ Evaporation temperature: θ0 = - 8°C
▪ Refrigerant: R134a
▪ Overheating: 20K
Method
Pressure loss in the suction line is 2°C
Evaporation temperature = -8-(2) = -10°C ΔP=0.17 bar
At 32°C Q32 = 26350 W
At 43°C
43 – 32 = 11°C Q43 = 22900 W
26350-22900= 3450 W

3450 / 11 = 313,6 ≈ 314 W 1°C corresponds to 314 W

Desired temperature is 38°C
From 43 to 38°C we have 5°C so 5 x 314 = 1570 W
22900 + 1570 = 24470 W

The suitable refrigeration unit is type LH135/4G-20.2Y

For suction superheat of 20 K
Working point
To select a compressor from a manufacturer, you must check several
points:

❑What type of fluid do we want to use?

❑What type of compressor do we choose: open, hermetic,
piston, screw…
❑What is the cooling capacity, or the displacement
required? Is it necessary to provide a power reduction
system?
❑What are the nominal condensation and evaporation
temperatures
❑What are overheating, undercooling

Based on this data, you must select your compressor and check
the cooling power actually delivered under the conditions of use.
Indeed, the power indicated on the compressor performance
tables is given for a fixed SR and SC imposed by the
manufacturer, and it is a gross refrigerating power.
 Selection example

Let’s take the example of the bedroom we saw previously.

We set the following conditions:

❑Evaporation temperature: T0 = -8°C

❑Condensing temperature: Tk = 53°C
❑Compressor suction superheat: SC = 20 K
❑Subcooling of the liquid before expansion: SR = 0 K
❑Neglected heat inputs and losses in pipes (no heating or cooling of the fluid)
❑Negligible pressure losses in the pipes.
❑Isentropic compression (simplifying but false hypothesis).
Selection example

The D4DJ-200X compressor can satisfy the desired

power
 Power correction

The selection is made from manufacturer catalogs which contain

tables giving the cooling capacity according to the evaporation
and condensation temperatures for each fluid.
You must choose the compressor whose advertised cooling power
is immediately greater than the power required.
Please note, the powers announced are often given for
overheating and subcooling conditions that differ from actual
conditions.
In this case, the manufacturer's power must be corrected by
calculation in order to obtain the real power.

The calculation is as follows: v''1C .(h1R − h4R )

Φ0R = Φ0C .
v''1R .(h1C − h4C )
With : F0R = real cooling capacity
F0C = cooling capacity announced by the manufacturer
v’’1 = mass volume at suction
h1 = enthalpy at the evaporator outlet
h4 = enthalpy at the evaporator inlet
(index C: manufacturer's conditions, index R: real conditions)
Trace the cycle at operating conditions.

Point P bar T °C V dm3/Kg H KJ/Kg S KJ/Kg K

1 2 7 107.73 406.97 1.786

2 14.2 89.56 17.58 466.66 1.828
3 14.2 43 0.88 261 1.204
4 2 -10 36.38 261 1.233
5 2 0.00 104.4 401 1.765
 Calculation of swept volume

❑ Determine the mass flow rate of refrigerant (Kg/s)

P = Qm x h
Qm = p / h5 – h4 en Kg/s
❑ Determine the hourly volume at the compressor suction:
Qva (m3 /h) = Qm . v’1
v’1 = mass volume of vapors at point 1 (m3/kg)
❑ Determine the hourly swept volume Qvb (m3/h)
A. Determination of volumetric efficiency
ηv0 = 1 – 0.05 Pk/P0
Pk = condensing pressure (absolute bar)
P0 = suction pressure (absolute bar)
B. Determination of the volume swept by the compressor
pistons (m3/h)
Qvb = Qva .ηvo

Calculated swept volume is Qvb = 41.35 m3/h

Selection from catalog
Condenser selection
The selection of the condenser is made following the
manufacturer's instructions. In general, the powers indicated
correspond to specific conditions. They must then be multiplied
by a certain number of corrective factors to obtain the real
powers in our operating conditions.
To find out the power of the condenser, two methods exist:
•Establishing an energy balance on the refrigeration machine:
The evaporator and compressor absorb power. Starting from the
principle that« nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is
transformed» (Lavoisier), this power is entirely rejected by the
condenser (except for some losses, which are negligible).
ΦK = Φ0 + Pabs

•Theoretical calculation:
ΦK = qmFF . (h2 – h3)

With : qmFF: refrigerant flow rate

h2: enthalpy at the condenser inlet
h3: enthalpy at the condenser outlet
selection:
The compressor characteristics provided by
the manufacturer and corrected for our
operating conditions are:
ΦK = 24.3 kW
Pabs = 11.4 kW
The power required by the condenser is
then:
ΦK = 24,3 + 11,4 = 35,70 KW ≈ 36 KW
Power correction factors
Power correction factors
Selection method

‘P’ = Power at the condenser. In the absence of specific documents, we can

determine ‘P’ using one of the tables in the catalog, based on the “Qom”
refrigerating power. To determine a model, we must reduce the conditions of
application to the conditions of selection.
To do this, you must divide the desired power ‘P’ by the 5 coefficients below:
▪C1 altitude coefficient
▪C2 coefficient of Δθ
▪C3 ambient temperature coefficient
▪C4 refrigerant coefficient
▪C5 fin material coefficient

According to the formula:

Select a model from the table corresponding to the chosen rotation speed
and check that the sound level meets the required level
 Power correction

Designation Data Correction factors

Desired power 36 KW 1,42
Altitude 200 m 0,985
Δθ 15 K 1
Ambient temperature 38 °C 0,948
Refrigerant R134a 0,93
Fins Aluminium 1
Sound pressure À5m 54 dB(A)
From where: 36/1,42 x 0,985 x 1 x 0,948 x 0,93 x 1 = 29,19 KW ≈ 30 KW
Baseline sound level:
Distance correction 6 dB(A) 54 – 6 = 48 dB(A)

We will retain the model: WA37-08/12P

Sound pressure at 10 m = 38 dB(A)

If the sound level is very different, find which model is suitable in the
other tables
Regulator selection

Selection parameters:
❑Nature of the refrigerant
❑Regulator type
❑Evaporation temperature
❑ΔP upstream/downstream (condensation pressure – evaporation
pressure)
❑Cooling capacity
We will always choose a regulator whose cooling capacity is greater than
that of the installation, but we must be careful not to pump too much.
The selection is made following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Example of manufacturer catalog
For conditions other than +38°C: +4°C and 1K of the subcooling fluid at the
expansion valve inlet
Qn = Qo x Kt x K Δp
Calculation of correction factors:
Kt = 1,308 (–8°C / +53°C)
KΔP = 0,72 (ΔP = PK – P0 = 21,4 – 5,3 = 16,1 bar)
By multiplying these factors by the actual cooling capacity, we obtain the
nominal capacity of the regulator under the calculation conditions:
Qn = 24 x 1,308 x 0,72 = 22,6 kW.
The closest regulator is then the TCLE 550 MW, with a power of 23.6 kW.
Port X22440B6B
 ‫ﺷﻜﺮا‬
Merci
Thanks
Gracias
Obrigado

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