CHAPTER 1: ABSTRACT
Economic point of view if the building is constructed at a far distance from the
city it will be cheaper and residents can live peaceful without any external polluted sources.
Having a peaceful surroundings.
The main point of view of most of the people in today’s lifestyle. To improve the utilization of
land. We plan to develop township in our project.
We follow all building bye laws and try to minimize the cost for developing the town.
So In this project we plan to move economically and technically for better infrastructure. As
dahod is rapidly developing in the construction way, We choose to pick the village near dahod.
Because In the city it would be very costly to construct town.
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CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
2.1 DEFINITION OF RESIDENTIAL TOWNSHIP:-
A township generally refers to a small geographic area or a self-contained real
estate property, ranging in size from 10 km² to 150 km². A township project can be in a
private ownership or a public ownership or both. A township is normally a self-contained
unit and includes all the facilities and amenities like schools, gardens, clubs, shops etc.
2.2 TOWNSHIP PLANNING PROCEDURE: -
I. Firstly, Builders should be calling for tenders for allotting township project land
to private builders to take up the construction work. Commercial centres and office space
should be built. All facilities, like broadband connectivity, club, and multipurpose hall
should be made available.
II. Let's see these all these featured amenities one by one –
i. 24-hour security - All security related facilities should be provided to
make life safe in a township project.
ii. Parking - This helps for the purpose of parks car and other vehicles in the
township.
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iii. The township project should have a well-developed infrastructure which
includes Power backup, latest fire fighting devices,Earthquake resistant
structure, 24-hour water supply.
III. Provide a good range of community and support facilities where and when they
are needed and that are easily accessible;
IV. Present an attractive, well-maintained appearance, with a distinct sense of place
and a quality public realm that is easily maintained;
V. Are easy to access for all and to find one’s way around;
VI. Promote the efficient use of land and of energy, and minimize greenhouse gas
emissions;
VII. Provide a mix of land uses to minimize transport demand;
VIII. Promote social integration and provide accommodation for a diverse range of
household types and age groups;
IX. Enhance and protect the green infrastructure and biodiversity;
X. Enhance and protect the built and natural heritage.
2.3 SITE DETAILING:-
About Dahod city, This city was established by Aurangzeb’s during 1600.
The city is known for its grain market and increasing rapidly in real estate.
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LOCATION: DAHOD - UKARDI ROAD
DISTANCE FROM DAHOD: Around 3.5 Km
Table - 1 Location of the site
The map of our residential township and the schematic sketch provided by the
local authority.
Fig 1.
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The residential township has total area of 30,200.00 sq.mt, Consisting of plots ,
main entry gate , R.C.C roads and three common plots which consists of following
amenities.
Fig 2.
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Common plot -1
Parking
Common plot-2
Multipurpose hall
Gymnasium
Garden
Children play area
Jogging track
Common plot -3
Electric room
Tube well
Overhead water tank
Pumping room
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2.4 PLOT DETAILS
I. THE size of the entire township is 30,200.00 sq m.
II. The size of plots A within the township is 204 sq m. The size of plots B within
the township is 78 sq m.
III. The shape of the plots is rectangular plot as it is considered to be beneficial and
good from all aspects.
IV. The length of the plot is in east-west direction as it is considered to be a good feature.
V. Most of the plots are arranged in north or east facing direction.
2.5 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING:-
Our township is planned and constructed for the maximum comfort and utility of
the users. City and Town authorities adopt some rules and regulations for this purpose.
These rules and regulations are popularly known as the Principle of Planning.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES:-
1. Aspect
2. Prospect
3. Privacy
4. Circulation
5. Sanitation
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6. Flexibility
7. Elegance
8. Economy
Let us describe all these principles in detail:-
1. ASPECT:-
Room Recommended aspect Influencing factor
Bed NW-W-SW To receive plentiful of
breeze in summer
Kitchen E and rarely NE To receive morning sun
which is germicidal
Dining SE-S-SW Proximity of kitchen , it
should be cool
Drawing SE-S-SW-W Adequate natural lightning
during winter and obviate
the sun during summer
Reading N-NW Light from north being
diffused and evenly
distributed
Store NW-N-NE Dark and cool
TABLE – 2 RECOMMENDED DIRECTION FOR HOUSE HOLD COMPONENT
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The manner of arrangement of rooms or peculiarity of arrangement of the doors
and windows in the external walls of the building to draw maximum advantage from sun
and wind is termed as aspect.
2. PROSPECT:-
It is to enrich the outside view i.e. elevation or end view created by prominently
exposing the structure. This outside appearance can be improved by attractive planning
providing bay windows and utilization of good landscapes.
3. PRIVACY:-
Privacy can be a safety of sight as needed in bathrooms, water closets and
urinals.it can be classified as
i) Internal privacy
ii) External privacy
4. CIRCULATION:-
It is the access into or out of a room. It is the internal movement inside a building
and the area earmarked for it. The position of door decides the area of circulation which
in turn controls privacy, comfort and convenience. Circulation in a building is of 2 types
I) Horizontal circulation
II) Vertical circulation.
5. SANITATION:-
It is the provision and upkeep of the various components of a house to keep the
inmates cheerful and free from disease. The factors influencing sanitation are
I) Lighting
II) Ventilation
III) Cleanliness
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6. FLEXIBILITY:-
Flexibility means that a room which is planned for one function to be used for
others if so required. Flexible planning is very important for public and commercial
building.
7. ELEGANCE:-
Elegance is a grand appearance of a building attained mainly owning to the
elevation which in turn depends on the plan.Without elegance a best planned building
may not have beauty and look like a poorly planned building.
8 ECONOMY:-
The building should have minimum floor area with maximum utility. It will
reduce cost of construction and hence it will be economical. Economy should not be
achieved at the cost of strength.
1.6 Basic requirements of individual houses:-
1. EMERGENCY EXITS:-
•Each apartment or house will have at least one approved emergency exit.
• Every bedroom must have a window or door that opens directly to the outside.
•Windows and doors will not be blocked.
2. DOORS AND WINDOWS:-
• Window and door locks, striker plates and jambs will work properly and be in
Good repair.
• Bedroom windows will open and be able to stay open for ventilation or
Emergency exit.
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3. FLOORS:-
•All carpets, tiles, and floor linoleum and vinyl (particularly in bathrooms and
kitchens) will be maintained so as not to be worn, cracked, missing or Damaged.
4. STAIRS:-
•Steps will be kept in good repair, with no broken or damaged treads.
•Stairs and landings will have intact handrails and/or guardrails.
5. ELECTRICAL:-
• The electrical service to a dwelling will be adequate to prevent tripping circuit
Breakers or the excessive use of extension cords.
•Wiring will be located inside walls, boxes or metal conduit.
•Electric fixtures will be securely fastened in place.
6. PLUMBING:-
• Water pipes, drain pipes and fixtures will be properly installed and kept leak
free.
7. EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES:-
•Fans, thermostats and major appliances will function properly.
• Hot water heaters will be equipped with a pressure relief valve and pressure
relief
Drain tube.
•All hot water heater replacements require permits and earthquake bracing.
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8. BASIC UTILITIES:-
All homes and apartments will have working water, electric and/or gas and
sanitary services.
9. GUTTERS AND DOWNSPOUTS:-
• Gutters and downspouts will drain and be properly connected in order to
channel
Water away from the foundation to an approved location.
10. WALKS AND DRIVEWAYS:-
Cracks and damage in all walkways will be repaired to prevent pedestrian injury.
•Dwelling units will be kept reasonably free of dampness.
•All living units, both inside and out, will be free of garbage or trash.
• Have adequate garbage capacity and service, a minimum of 20 cubic yards per
dwelling unit.
12. ACCESSORY BUILDINGS:-
•Garages, carports and sheds will be structurally sound and well maintained
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CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW 1: Project Report For The Proposed Residential
Apartment Project At Kyalasanahalli Village, K R Puram Hobli, Bangalore East,
Bangalore. Submitted By M/S. Rohan Builders
Summary: From Above Submitted Report, We come to know that
-How the town Planning Works In Proper Format.
-Which Type of Permission Should be taken
Before Constructing Town.
-What Care should be taken Before Construction.
-How much Electricity Consumed during Construction Work.
-Source of Water Supply.
-How much Water Supply Needed for Construction.
LITERATURE REVIEW 2: Compliance ReportProposed Township Project
(Bmg Elegant City) At Village Dhaliwas, Padinwas & Dhamlaka, Sector-26,
District-Rewari Submitted By M/s B M Gupta Developers Pvt. Ltd.
Summary: From Above Submitted Report, We come to know that
-What We can do For Conservation of energy.
-How State Level Authority Invovle In Township Planning
-What We need to consider Before Scattering of Plot.
What Should We consider Before Planning of homes .
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-How We can Provide Basic Facilities To Worker During Construction.
LITERATURE REVIEW 3: Integrated Township ProjectVillage Ramchandi,
Banarsi and NaktiDistrict Raipur, Chhattisgarh for M/s DBH Township
LLP.Prepared By GRASS ROOTS RESEARCH & CREATION INDIA (P) LTD.
Summary: From Above Submitted Report, We come to know that
-What Steps We must take For Liquid And Solid Waste.
-What Are Material We can used For construction for low cost.
-What Are Fire Safety Measure Adopted.
-What is the Methodology to Work In Township Planning.
-What Is the Principle of Planning..
LITERATURE REVIEW 4:Group Housing Residential Project At Village
Pholriwal, District Jalandhar Name Of Project: Jalandhar Heights-2
Summary: From Above Submitted Report, We come to know that
-What is Smart home.
-What is affordable housing.
-How the Different Margins Should be given Based on Standard Rules.
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CHAPTER 4: WORKING METHODOLOGY
ABSTRACT
DEFINE THE TOWNSHIP PLANNING
TOWNSHIP PLANNING PROCEDURE
SELECTION OF SITE AND ITS DETAILING
DEFINING BUILDING BYE LAWS
PREPARE THE FLOOR PLAN FROM GIVEN PLOT
DETAILS
ESTIMATING AND COSTING
EXPLAINING THE DETAILS ABOUT BASIC
REQUIREMNT
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF DRAINAGE AND CROSS Page | 15
SECTION OF ROAD
SOME POINTS NEED TO BE CONSIDER
CONCLUSIONWHICH ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Clearance of existing land, About 200 native indigenous
vegetation and buildings? speciesare planted at site. The
project sitehas 308 existing trees
(120 Teakwood, 138 Sapota, 50
Mango) out ofit 193 trees (70 Teak
wood, 98Sapota,25 mango) will be
retained,115 trees will be felled (50
Teak wood, 40 Sapota, 25
mango)obtaining permission from
forest
cell.
Temporary sites used for About 500 construction workers will
construction works or housing of be engaged for construction
construction workers?(Details of activities.50 Sheds and 100 Toilets
labour camps, Number of labours, withbathrooms will be provided for
Number of toilets, Bathrooms, construction workers.Sheds for
Medical facilities for labours, construction workers willbe provided
safety measures for labours, within the project site.Drinking water
Nursery for labours children) supply and adequate storage facility
will be provided for construction
workers.The workers will be provided
with first aid facilities apart from
personal protective gadgets. Periodic
health assessment camps and
administration of medicines a sand
when required will be provided.A
small class room with a
teacher(crèche) to educate the
children of construction worker will
be provided.
Facilities for treatment or disposal Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) of
of solid waste or liquid effluents? HEAVY CAPACITY will be constructed
to treat the waste water generated
from the project during occupancy
phase.
Energy including electricity and Power Requirement: Construction
fuels (source, competing users) phase: Temporary power
Unit: fuel (MT), energy (MW) is taken to operate construction
machinery and Lighting for workers
shed is 2 X 150 kVA.
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Noise From construction Noise generation due to construction
activities will be negligible
andbarricades will be erected all
roundthe site. Details of control of
Noiseduring construction phase are
as However there is certain increase
in ambient noise level during
construction activities which will be
reduced by under taking periodic
preventive maintenance of
construction
materials and restricting and
reducing
the speed of vehicle operated
Areas susceptible to natural NO
hazard
which could cause the project to
present environmental problem
(earthquakes, subsidence,
landslides,
erosion, flooding or extreme or
adverse climatic conditions)
Areas already subjected to NO
pollution or environmental
damage. (those where existing
legal environmental standards are
exceeded)
Densely populated or built-up NO
area
Will the proposal create shortage Adequate parking facilities are
of proposed to be provided as per the
parking space for vehicles? local building by law. The parking
Furnish details of the present plan showing the entry & exit to the
level of transport infrastructure project site with traffic management
and measures proposed for is enclosed as Traffic management
improvement including the traffic study and
management at the entry & exit measures is
to the project site.
Are the construction materials The proposed project construction
producedwith energy efficient materials are selected to conform
processes? the building energy efficiency
norms and as well as Energy
Conservation Building Code
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Guidelines
The following measures are taken
to for conserving the energy
1. Solar powered street
lighting for common areas.
2. CFL bulbs, lights and
fixtures for common areas
3. Proper sizing of cables with
less voltage drop so that losses in
cables can be minimized
4. Optimal pumping of water
using water level controllers,
switching on/off of street lights
with photo cell /time switch.
5. Procuring graded electrical
appliances which helps in high
energy conservations.
6. Timer control for external
lighting
7. LED type street lighting fixtures
instead of high power sodium
vapor light fixture.
Are recycled materials used in The construction waste and debris
roads and structures? from the project will be used in road
and pavement formation
How have you tried to minimize Yes, Energy conservation methods
energy consumption are adopted. Non Conventional
Sources of Energy with Solar Street
Lighting and Solar Hot Water
Generation.
What are the characteristics of Low emission and low solar heat
the glass you plan to use? gain Single glazed with aluminum
frame are proposed to be used for
windows etc.,
What precautions & safety The building is designed
measures are proposed against incompliance with fire and safety
fire hazards norms and the NOC is obtained from
Fire Fighting Department. Static Fire
water tank as per the regulations is
proposed, Wet risers and sprinklers
provided as per the
Fire Fighting Norms
Solid Waste Management Collection and Segregation at source
of
generation and the Organic waste
will be treated in Organic Converter
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and the Inorganic Waste will be sent
for recycling
OBJECTIVE:
The basic objective of this township Scheme is to strive for holistic development with a healthy
and enabling urban environment by providing adequate shelter and basic infrastructure facilities.
SCOPE OF WORK:
1.To review the existing housing and infrastructure status of the urban poor of the town;
2.To assess the requirement of housing and infrastructure through consultative process;
3.To assess the requirement of private land, if any, for the project;
4.To suggest suitable project phasing, if required;
5.To suggest the investment plan;
6.Reforms to be undertaken and their present status;
7.Requirements of capacity building of the public representatives/ officials of the local town
committee/ local administration;
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CHAPTER 5: BUILDING BYE-LAWS
5.1 FLOOR AREA RATIO:-
The total area of our township is 13456.00 sq m.10 % of the total area is used in
the construction of common plots .20 % of the area is used in the construction ofroads.
As per building bye laws “Floor area ratio (FAR), Floor space ratio (FSR), Floor
space index (FSI), Site ratio and Plot ratio are all terms for the ratio of a building's total
floor area to the size of the parcel of land upon which it is built. The terms can also refer
to limits imposed on such a ratio.
Thus, an FSI of 2.0 would indicate that the total floor area of a building is two
times the gross area of the plot on which it is constructed, as would be found in a
multiple-story building.
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As per Building Bye laws for covered area of plinth in Residential plots is as
follows:-
Sr. no. Area of plot Max. possible covered area
1 Up to 150 sq.mt 60% of plot area
2 150 to 250 sq.mt 55% of plot area
3 250 to 500 sq.mt 40%of plot area
4 More than 500 sq.mt 35% of plot area
5.2 SET BACK
setback may be defined as frontage margin or open space in front of the road.The
road side margin in accordance to the width of roads should be as follows:
Width of roads Road side margin
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Less than 7.5 m 2.5m
7.5m to 9m 3m
9m to 12m 4.5m
12m to 18m 6m
18m to 40m 7.5m
More than 40m 9m
Table – 4 Bye laws for setback distances
SR. no Area of plot Margin
Rear Side
1 Up to 150sq.mt - 2.5m
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2 150 to 250sq.mt 2.5m 1.5m
3 More than 250 sq.mt 3m 3m
Table – 5 Bye laws for Rear and side margin
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Fig - 8 Plan of Ground floor-2 BHK
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Fig 9.
Fig - 6 Plan of Ground floor-1BHK
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Fig – 10 Plan of Ground floor-1BHK
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Fig 11.
CHAPTER 6: MATERIAL TO BE USED FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING AND ROADS
6.1 INTRODUCTION TO FLY ASH:-
• Usage of Fly Ash bricks is done instead of red clay bricks.
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• Fly ash is collected at a very cheap cost from the thermal power at 5 Rs/Ton &
this is economical by lowering the project cost.
• It also known as flue-ash, is one of the residues generated in combustion, and
comprises the fine particles.
• The compositions of fly ash bricks are as follows;
1.FLY ASH
2.CEMENT
3.SAND
4.WATER
Preparation time of fly ash bricks is short
7 Days to curing,15 Days to complete.
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Fig 12.
6.2 ADVANTAGES OF FLY ASH BRICKS:-
• A Clay brick, which was the primary wall material, are being replaced by FLY
ASH BRICKS, which are hi-tech well-improved quality products. They are
competitive in comparison to the conventional clay bricks and provide enormous
indirect benefits. The country can gain a lot by gainful utilization of fly ash bricks
resulting in conservation of natural resources as well as protection of
environment.
• Compressive strength
Normal (soil bricks) - 35 kg/cm2.
Fly ash bricks - 70 kg/cm2.
6.3 FLY ASH TO LESSER GLOBAL WARMING:-
• The increase in greenhouse gases, out of which CO 2 is one of the major
constituents, increases the global warming year after year, causing drought and
floods. The total CO2 Emissions globally account for 24,960 million tons at 1990
levels.
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• Fly ash bricks production in energy-free route saves the emissions totally,
befitting the project to qualify under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
6.4 PRICE COMPARISON BETWEEN FLY-ASH AND
STANDARD BRICK:-
Size :- 19cmX9cmX9cm
Use 1:6 C:M
For 1m3 of Brick Work around 500 Bricks are used.
Hence, For 1BHK House (128.70*500) = 64350 nos.
For 2BHK House (245.10*500) = 122550 nos.
House Type Numbers Cost of Fly- Cost Of
Ash Brick Standard Brick
1BHK 64350 160875 257400
2BHK 122550 306375 490200
6.5 MATRIAL USED FOR ROAD(PAVED BLOCK)
• Block pavers are one of most popular materials used to beautify patio surfaces. Patio
pavers give your home a distinct look.
• The paved blocks are made up of grit+cement+sand & dust which are easily
available & economical compared to r.c.c
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Fig 13.
Advantage:-
• Paved blocks can be recycled if damaged & and can replaced easily compared to
r.c.c.
• Paved Blocks have a long life time of 20 to 25 years.
• Paved blocks will be used instead of R.C.C layer in car parking and scooter parking
zone.
Dis-advantage:-
• The only disadvantage of paved block is it will be damaged due to overloads.
6.6 Pipelines:-
Pipeline is used for the conveyance of drinking water, waste water in our
township. The two most commonly used thermoplastics for water pipelines are polyvinyl
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chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE). Water pipelines must be sized to meet the future
instant water demand of the water pipeline which is considerably greater than the future
peak day demand of a system with storage. The design flow of a system without storage
may be more than 10 times greater than the design flow of a system with storage. In a
zero storage water pipeline, mainline and lateral and service connection pipes must be
designed to supply a higher flow rate than systems with storage .The pipelines are
designed as per the Hydro-pneumatic system.
6.6.1 Materials used for pipeline:-
1. ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)
ABS is used for the conveyance of potable water, slurries and chemicals. Most
commonly used for DWV (drain-waste-vent) applications.
2. UPVC (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride) and CPVC (post chlorinated
polyvinyl chloride)
UPVC has excellent chemical resistance across its operating temperature range,
with a broad band of operating pressures. Due to its long-term strength characteristics,
high stiffness and cost effectiveness, UPVC systems account for a large proportion of
plastic piping installations. CPVC is resistant to many acids, bases, salts, paraffinic
hydrocarbons, halogens and alcohols. It is not resistant to solvents, aromatics and some
chlorinated hydrocarbons
3. PP (polypropylene)
Polypropylene is suitable for use with foodstuffs, potable and ultra pure waters, as
well as within the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
4. PE (polyethylene)
Polyethylene has been successfully used for the safe conveyance of potable and
waste water, hazardous waste, and compressed gases for many years.
5. PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)
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PVDF has excellent chemical resistance which means that it is widely used in the
chemical industry as a piping system for aggressive liquids. From the various types of
materials discussed above PVC seems to be the most dominating material. So the
pipelines in our township are made of PVC material.
6.7 Infrastructure cables:-
A cable is most often two or more wires running side by side and bonded, twisted
or braided together to form a single assembly.
Fig – 14 Electric cables
Electrical cables- Electrical cables may be made more flexible by stranding the
wires. In this process, smaller individual wires are twisted or braided together to produce
larger wires that are more flexible than solid wires of similar size. Bunchingsmall wires
before concentric stranding adds the most flexibility. Copper wires in a cable may be
bare, or they may be plated with a thin layer of another metal, most often tin but
sometimes gold, silver or some other material. Tin, gold, and silver are much less prone
to oxidation than copper, which may lengthen wire life, and makes soldering easier.
Tinning is also used to provide lubrication between strands.
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6.7.1 Telephone cables:-
These wires were typically copper, although aluminium has also been used, and
were carried in balanced pairs separated by about 25 cm (10") on poles above the ground,
and later as twisted pair cables. The telephone lines in our township will run
underground, and will carry antalog or digital signals to the exchange, and will have a
device that converts the analog signal to digital for transmission on a carrier system
6.7.2 Fire protection:-
Electrical cable jacket material is a potential source of fuel for fires. To limit the
spread of fire along cable jacketing, one may use cable coating materials or one may use
cables with jacketing that is inherently fire retardant. The plastic covering on some metal
clad cables may be stripped off at installation to reduce the fuel source for fires. Inorganic
coatings and boxes around cables safeguard the adjacent areas from the fire threat
associated with unprotected cable jacketing. However, this fire protection also traps heat
generated from conductor losses, so the protection must be thin.
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION
To plan and design a residential township will is very modestly constructed such
that it can face all the challenge like climate change, housing affordability and to
successfully design a township which become a centre of attraction in the essential
amenities provided in a well-planned and sustainable manner.
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Also our township will be good enough to ensure a proper place of living with
affordable housing. In which will be the incubation of resources in a well-planned
manner along will their substantial reuse will be major concern.
We will try to saving concrete in the making of roads as we will use wet mix
macadam and we will use fly ash in place of bricks. Along with this we will be saving
street light electricity and household electricity consumption by using LED lamps.
Hence our main target will be to plan and design a residential township in the best
possible way and along with this we will be keeping an eye on saving the resources and
in the end present a sustainably planned residential township
CHAPTER 8: REFERENCE
1) Project Report For The Proposed Residential Apartment Project At Kyalasanahalli Village, K
R Puram Hobli, Bangalore East, Bangalore. Submitted By M/S. Rohan Builders
2) Compliance ReportProposed Township Project (Bmg Elegant City) At Village Dhaliwas,
Padinwas & Dhamlaka, Sector-26,District-Rewari
Submitted By M/s B M Gupta Developers Pvt. Ltd.
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3) Integrated Township ProjectVillage Ramchandi, Banarsi and NaktiDistrict Raipur,
Chhattisgarh for M/s DBH Township LLP.Prepared By GRASS ROOTS RESEARCH &
CREATION INDIA (P) LTD.
4) Integrated Housing & Slum Development Programme Jiribam (Manipur)
5) Group Housing Residential Project At Village Pholriwal, District Jalandhar Name Of Project:
Jalandhar Heights-2
6) www.google.com
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