1. Which of the following is a primary pollutant?

a) Ozone
b) Carbon monoxide
c) Nitrogen dioxide
d) Sulfuric acid
Answer: b) Carbon monoxide
2. A major cause of smog formation is the presence of:
a) Heavy metals
b) Suspended particulate matter
c) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
d) Sulfates
Answer: c) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

3. Eutrophication is caused by excessive presence of:

a) Heavy metals
b) Nutrients like nitrates and phosphates
c) Oil spills
d) Microplastics
Answer: b) Nutrients like nitrates and phosphates

4. Which method is effective in removing dissolved impurities in water?

a) Filtration
b) Sedimentation
c) Reverse osmosis
d) Chlorination
Answer: c) Reverse osmosis

5. What is a common effect of soil pollution?

a) Increased fertility
b) Loss of topsoil
c) Increase in microbial diversity
d) Enhanced crop yield
Answer: b) Loss of topsoil

6. Bioremediation is a technique used to control:

a) Air pollution
b) Noise pollution
c) Soil pollution
d) Water pollution
Answer: c) Soil pollution

7. Which unit is used to measure noise intensity?

a) Decibel (dB)
b) Hertz (Hz)
c) Joules (J)
d) Ampere (A)
Answer: a) Decibel (dB)
8. Which is a common control measure for noise pollution?
a) Soundproofing materials
b) Biodegradable plastics
c) Catalytic converters
d) Dust collectors
Answer: a) Soundproofing materials

9. Biomedical waste is classified under which category?

a) Municipal waste
b) Hazardous waste
c) Recyclable waste
d) Organic waste
Answer: b) Hazardous waste
10. Landfilling is a method used for:
a) Composting
b) Solid waste disposal
c) Air pollution control
d) Water purification
Answer: b) Solid waste disposal

11. The primary cause of floods is:

a) Deforestation
b) Earthquakes
c) Atmospheric pressure changes
d) Mining
Answer: a) Deforestation
12. Which disaster management strategy is most effective for cyclones?
a) Building earthquake-resistant structures
b) Evacuation and early warning systems
c) Cloud seeding
d) Rainwater harvesting
Answer: b) Evacuation and early warning systems

13. Which constitutional article mentions the duty of citizens to protect the
environment?
a) Article 21
b) Article 48(A)
c) Article 51A(g)
d) Article 32
Answer: c) Article 51A(g)
14. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in:
a) 1981
b) 1986
c) 1974
 d) 1980
Answer: a) 1981
15. The Montreal Protocol aims to reduce:
a) Greenhouse gases
b) Ozone-depleting substances
c) Acid rain
d) Oil spills
Answer: b) Ozone-depleting substances

16. What is the major impact of human population growth on the environment?
a) Decrease in biodiversity
b) Reduced pollution
c) Increase in forest cover
d) Decrease in urbanization
Answer: a) Decrease in biodiversity
17. The Chipko Movement is associated with:
a) Wildlife conservation
b) Prevention of deforestation
c) Protection of water resources
d) Pollution control
Answer: b) Prevention of deforestation

1. What is the permissible limit for PM2.5 in ambient air as per WHO guidelines
(annual mean)?
a) 15 µg/m³
b) 10 µg/m³
c) 25 µg/m³
d) 35 µg/m³
Answer: b) 10 µg/m³
2. Which gas contributes most to global warming?
a) Methane
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Ozone
Answer: b) Carbon dioxide
3. The main source of sulfur dioxide emissions is:
a) Vehicle exhaust
b) Industrial processes
c) Burning of fossil fuels
d) Agricultural activities
Answer: c) Burning of fossil fuels
4. What is the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) limit for safe drinking water as per
WHO?
a) 2 mg/L
b) 5 mg/L
c) 10 mg/L
d) 1 mg/L
Answer: a) 2 mg/L

5. Which heavy metal is most commonly found in polluted water near industrial
areas?
a) Lead
b) Arsenic
c) Mercury
d) Cadmium
Answer: b) Arsenic
6. Minamata disease is caused by the pollution of water with:
a) Cadmium
b) Mercury
c) Arsenic
d) Lead
Answer: b) Mercury

7. What is the primary cause of soil salinization?

a) Industrial effluents
b) Over-irrigation
c) Mining activities
d) Acid rain
Answer: b) Over-irrigation

8. Which pesticide is banned due to its persistence in soil?

a) DDT
b) Glyphosate
c) Atrazine
d) Carbaryl
Answer: a) DDT

9. What is the maximum permissible noise level in residential areas during nighttime in
India as per CPCB guidelines?
a) 50 dB
b) 55 dB
c) 45 dB
d) 60 dB
Answer: c) 45 dB
 10. Which industry is a major contributor to occupational noise pollution?
a) Textile industry
b) Mining industry
c) Food processing industry
d) IT industry
Answer: b) Mining industry

11. What percentage of municipal solid waste in India is biodegradable?

a) 20-30%
b) 40-50%
c) 50-60%
d) 70-80%
Answer: c) 50-60%
12. Which method is widely used for biomedical waste disposal in India?
a) Composting
b) Autoclaving
c) Incineration
d) Landfilling
Answer: c) Incineration
13. What is the major cause of increasing electronic waste in urban areas?
a) Overpopulation
b) Rapid technology turnover
c) Lack of waste segregation
d) Industrial effluents
Answer: b) Rapid technology turnover

14. Which scale is used to measure earthquake intensity?

a) Richter scale
b) Saffir-Simpson scale
c) Beaufort scale
d) Mercalli scale
Answer: a) Richter scale
15. What is the recommended evacuation time for a cyclone-prone area before
landfall?
a) 6-12 hours
b) 24-36 hours
c) 48-72 hours
d) 12-24 hours
Answer: b) 24-36 hours

16. Which year was the Forest (Conservation) Act enacted?

a) 1974
b) 1980
c) 1986
 d) 1994
Answer: b) 1980
17. Under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the penalty for contravention can
include imprisonment for a term up to:
a) 3 years
b) 5 years
c) 7 years
d) 10 years
Answer: b) 5 years
18. Which international protocol focuses on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions?
a) Montreal Protocol
b) Basel Convention
c) Kyoto Protocol
d) Stockholm Convention
Answer: c) Kyoto Protocol

19. India's population crossed 1 billion in which year?

a) 2000
b) 1998
c) 2002
d) 1995
Answer: a) 2000
20. Which communicable disease is most commonly waterborne?
a) Diabetes
b) Tuberculosis
c) Cholera
d) Asthma
Answer: c) Cholera
21. The Silent Valley Movement in Kerala focused on protecting:
a) Wetlands
b) Tropical rainforests
c) Coastal areas
d) River ecosystems
Answer: b) Tropical rainforests

22. Which air pollutant causes the formation of acid rain?

a) Carbon monoxide
b) Sulfur dioxide
c) Methane
d) Lead
Answer: b) Sulfur dioxide
23. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
 d) Thermosphere
Answer: b) Stratosphere
24. Which device is used in industries to control particulate matter emissions?
a) Catalytic converter
b) Electrostatic precipitator
c) Ozone generator
d) Air scrubber
Answer: b) Electrostatic precipitator

25. What is the maximum permissible limit of arsenic in drinking water as per
WHO guidelines?
a) 0.01 mg/L
b) 0.05 mg/L
c) 0.1 mg/L
d) 0.2 mg/L
Answer: a) 0.01 mg/L
26. Which type of water pollution leads to 'blue baby syndrome'?
a) Excess chlorine
b) High nitrate concentration
c) Mercury contamination
d) Eutrophication
Answer: b) High nitrate concentration
27. Which waterborne disease is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae?
a) Hepatitis A
b) Typhoid
c) Cholera
d) Dysentery
Answer: c) Cholera

28. Which of the following is a common pollutant in agricultural soil?

a) Phosphates
b) Heavy metals
c) Ozone
d) Sulfur oxides
Answer: b) Heavy metals
29. What is the main effect of overuse of chemical fertilizers in soil?
a) Soil erosion
b) Increased organic matter
c) Soil acidification
d) Improved fertility
Answer: c) Soil acidification
30. Phytoremediation involves the use of:
a) Chemicals to neutralize pollutants
b) Microorganisms to degrade pollutants
c) Plants to remove, transfer, or stabilize pollutants
 d) Genetic engineering for pollution control
Answer: c) Plants to remove, transfer, or stabilize pollutants

31. Which of the following is considered a health effect of chronic noise exposure?
a) Skin irritation
b) Hypertension
c) Hair loss
d) Kidney failure
Answer: b) Hypertension
32. What is the noise level of a normal conversation?
a) 20-30 dB
b) 30-40 dB
c) 50-60 dB
d) 70-80 dB
Answer: c) 50-60 dB
33. The term 'Leq' in noise pollution refers to:
a) Linear equivalent noise level
b) Logarithmic equivalent noise level
c) Equivalent continuous noise level
d) Noise level in decibels
Answer: c) Equivalent continuous noise level

34. What percentage of solid waste generated in India is recycled annually?

a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 40%
Answer: b) 20%
35. Which of the following is an example of biodegradable waste?
a) Plastics
b) Glass
c) Food waste
d) Metal cans
Answer: c) Food waste
36. The term 'e-waste' refers to:
a) Energy waste
b) Electronic waste
c) Electrical waste
d) Engine waste
Answer: b) Electronic waste

37. Which Indian state is most frequently affected by cyclones?

a) Gujarat
b) West Bengal
 c) Maharashtra
d) Odisha
Answer: d) Odisha
38. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in India was established
in:
a) 2000
b) 2005
c) 2010
d) 2015
Answer: b) 2005
39. Which type of drought occurs due to insufficient rainfall?
a) Meteorological drought
b) Hydrological drought
c) Agricultural drought
d) Socioeconomic drought
Answer: a) Meteorological drought
40. Which instrument is used to measure earthquake intensity?
a) Seismograph
b) Hygrometer
c) Barometer
d) Anemometer
Answer: a) Seismograph

41. Article 48(A) of the Indian Constitution is associated with:

a) The duty of citizens to protect the environment
b) State policy for environmental protection
c) Judicial provisions for pollution control
d) Penalizing environmental offenders
Answer: b) State policy for environmental protection
42. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in:
a) 1990
b) 1997
c) 2001
d) 2005
Answer: b) 1997
43. Which act governs the prevention and control of water pollution in India?
a) The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
b) The Water Act, 1974
c) The Forest Conservation Act, 1980
d) The Air Act, 1981
Answer: b) The Water Act, 1974

44. The Chipko Movement originated in:

a) Uttarakhand
b) Himachal Pradesh
c) Kerala
 d) Rajasthan
Answer: a) Uttarakhand
45. Which disease is non-communicable?
a) Malaria
b) Cholera
c) Diabetes
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: c) Diabetes
46. The Silent Valley Movement was primarily aimed at saving which river?
a) Ganga
b) Kaveri
c) Kunthipuzha
d) Yamuna
Answer: c) Kunthipuzha