2EEDE51: DC DRIVES

Department of Electrical Engineering

Institute of Technology
NIRMA UNIVERSITY
Ahmedabad
Flow of Presentation
 3-Ø fully controlled rectifier fed separately excited dc
motor
 3-Ø half controlled rectifier fed separately excited dc
motor
 Dual Converter
 Rectifier control of dc series motor
 Summary
3-Ø Fully Controlled Rectifier Fed
Separately Excited dc Motor
Cont…
 Three phase Fully Controlled Rectifier Control (6 pulse) fed
separately excited dc motor drive is shown in Fig. Thyristors are
fired in the sequence of their numbers with a phase difference of 60°
by gate pulses of 120°duration. Each thyristor conducts for 120, and
two thyristors conduct at a time—one from upper group (odd
numbered thyristors) and the other from lower group (even
numbered thyristors) applying respective line voltage to the motor.
 Transfer of current from an outgoing to incoming thyristor can take
place when the respective line voltage is of such a polarity that not
only if forward biases the incoming thyristor, but also leads to the
reverse biasing of the outgoing when incoming turns-on.
Cont…
 Thus, firing angle for a thyristor is measured from the instant when
the respective line voltage is zero and increasing. For example, the
transfer of current from thyristor T5to thyristor T1 can occur as long
as the line voltage vAC is positive. Hence, for thyristor T1, firing
angle α is measured from the instant vAC = 0 and increases as shown
in Figs. (waveforms).
 Motor terminal voltage and current waveforms for continuous
conduction are shown in Figs. (waveforms) for motoring and
braking operations, respectively. Devices under conduction are also
shown in the figure. The discontinuous conduction is neglected here
because it occurs is a narrow region of its operation. For the motor
terminal voltage cycle from α + π/3 to α + 2π/3.
Cont…
 When discontinuous conduction is ignored, speed-torque curves of
Fig. are obtained. The Va vs α curve has same nature as shown in
Fig. for single-phase case. Consequently, drive operates in quadrants
I and IV
Cont….
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑉𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡)
2𝜋
3 𝛼+ 3
𝑉𝑎 = ‫𝜋 ׬‬ 𝑉𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 𝑑(𝜔𝑡)
𝜋 𝛼+
3
3
𝑉𝑎 = 𝑉𝑚𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼
𝜋
3𝑉𝑚𝑙 𝑅𝑎
𝜔𝑚 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 − 𝑇
𝜋𝐾 𝐾2
Cont…
3-Ø Half Controlled Rectifier Fed
Separately Excited dc Motor
Cont…
Cont…
Cont…
𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝟑 𝜶+ 𝟑
 𝑽𝒂 = 𝟑
‫𝜶׬‬+𝝅 𝑽𝒎𝒍 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒕 𝒅(𝝎𝒕) + ‫𝝅׬‬ 𝑽𝒎𝒍 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒕 𝒅(𝝎𝒕)
𝟐𝝅
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑𝑽𝒎𝒍
 𝑽𝒂 = (𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶)
𝟐𝝅
3𝑉𝑚𝑙 𝑅𝑎
 𝜔𝑚 = (1 + cos 𝛼) − 𝑇
2𝜋𝐾 𝐾2
Cont…
Dual Converter
Single Phase Dual Converter fed dc motor Drive
Cont…
Three Phase Dual Converter Fed Dc motor Drive
Cont…
Cont…
 Dual converter, the name itself says two converters. It is really an
electronic converter or circuit which comprises of two converters
 One will perform as a rectifier and the other will perform as an
inverter
 Here, two full converters are arranged in anti-parallel pattern and
linked to the same dc load.
 These converters can provide four quadrant operations
Cont…
 Modes of Operation of Dual Converter
 There are two functional modes: Non-circulating current mode and
circulating mode.
 Non Circulating Current Mode
 One converter will perform at a time. So there is no circulating
current between the converters.
 During the converter 1 operation, firing angle (α1) will be 0<α1<
90o; Vdc and Idc are positive
 During the converter 2 operation, firing angle (α2) will be 0<α2<
90o; Vdc and Idc are negative
Cont…
 Circulating Current Mode
 Two converters will be in the ON condition at the same time. So
circulating current is present.
 The firing angles are adjusted such that firing angle of converter 1
(α1) + firing angle of converter 2 (α2) = 180o.
 Converter 1 performs as a controlled rectifier when firing angle be
0<α1< 90o and Converter 2 performs as an inverter when the firing
angle be 90o<α2< 180o. In this condition, Vdc and Idc are positive
 Converter 1 performs as an inverter when firing angle be 90o<α1<
180o and Converter 2 performs as a controlled rectifier when the
firing angle be 0<α2< 90o In this condition, Vdc and Idc are negative
Cont…
𝑉01 + 𝑉02 = 0
𝑉01 = −𝑉02
𝟑 𝟑
𝑉01 = 𝑽𝒎𝒍 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑉02 = 𝑽𝒎𝒍 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
𝟐 𝟐
𝑉01 = 𝑽𝒎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑉02 = 𝑽𝒎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
cos 𝛼1 = − cos 𝛼2
cos 𝛼1 = cos(1800 − 𝛼2 )
𝛼1 + 𝛼2 = 1800
Rectifier control of dc series motor
Cont…
 Single-phase controlled Rectifier Control of DC Series Motor are
employed in traction. A single-phase half-controlled Rectifier
Control of DC Series Motor is shown in Fig.
 Equivalent circuit of motor is also shown. Since back emf decreases
with armature current, discontinuous conduction occurs only in a
narrow range of operation
 Hence, it will be neglected here. The waveforms of va,ia and
instantaneous back emf e for continuous conduction are shown in
Fig.
 Although, in steady state, fluctuations in speed are negligible, e is
not constant but fluctuates with ia. For a given speed, e is related to
ia through magnetization curve of motor, which is nonlinear owing
to saturation
Cont…
Duty interval (α≤ωt≤𝜋):
𝑑𝑖𝑎
𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡) = 𝑖𝑎 𝑅𝑎 + 𝐿𝑎 +𝐸
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖𝑎
𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡) = 𝑖𝑎 𝑅𝑎 + 𝐿𝑎 + 𝑓(𝑖𝑎 )𝜔𝑚
𝑑𝑡
Freewheeling interval (∏≤ωt≤𝜋 + 𝛼)
𝑑𝑖𝑎
𝑖𝑎 𝑅𝑎 + 𝐿𝑎 + 𝑓(𝑖𝑎 )𝜔𝑚 = 0
𝑑𝑡
Cont…
𝐾𝑎 = 𝑓(𝑖𝑎 )
𝐸𝑎 = 𝑓(𝑖𝑎 )𝜔𝑚
𝐸𝑎 = 𝐾𝑎 𝜔𝑚
𝑇 = 𝐾𝑎 𝐼𝑎
𝑉𝑎 = 𝐸𝑎 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎
𝑉𝑎 −𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎
𝜔𝑚 =
𝐾𝑎
Cont…