L1 | ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES 1.
EXPOSITION
A form of discourse that serves to explain or inform; it appeals
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES to the intellect.
● commonly known as Academic English Examples:
● refers to English language instruction specifically A research paper on the causes and effects of global warming;
designed for students who plan to study in an English- an article on child labor and child abuse.
speaking academic environment.
● focuses on developing the language skills necessary for 2. DESCRIPTION
academic success, such as reading, writing, listening, A form of discourse that serves to describe or state the qualities
and speaking in academic contexts. or characteristics of something/someone; it appeals to the
senses.
ENGLISH FOR OCCUPATIONAL PURPOSES Examples:
● refers to English language instruction designed to meet A student's description of his ideal teacher; a writer's
the specific language needs of individuals in various description of a locale he has recently visited.
professional or occupational fields.
● focuses on developing the language skills required for 3. NARRATION
specific job roles or industries, such as A form of discourse that serves to narrate or tell a story; it
○ medical English for healthcare professionals, appeals to emotions.
○ business English for corporate executives, or Examples:
○ aviation English For pilots and air traffic a narrative account of a student's near-death experience; a
controllers. fictional story about an encounter with a supernatural being.
ACADEMIC TEXTS 4. ARGUMENTATION
What is Academic Text? A form of discourse that serves to argue or to persuade and/or
- is a written work that shares knowledge about a take an action.
specific subject in a formal and organized way. Examples:
an essay expounding on the importance of wearing school
uniforms
STRUCTURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
Structures of Academic Texts are an important feature of
academic writing.
● A well-structured text enables the reader to follow the
argument and navigate the text.
THE THREE-PART ESSAY STRUCTURE
● Introduction
● Body
● Conclusion
FORMS OF DISCOURSE
DISCOURSE
Speak or write authoritatively about a topic
● Discourse is “a unit of language larger than a sentence THE IMRaD STRUCTURE
and which is firmly rooted in a specific context” and has The sections of the IMRaD structure are Introduction, Methods,
a logically consistent and unified structure. Results, and Discussion.
● The term is often used as an equivalent of text.
The Introduction usually depicts the background of the topic
FORMS OF DISCOURSE and the central focus of the study.
Discourse is classified under any of the four forms —
exposition, description, narration, and argumentation, based The Methods lets your readers know your data collection
on the purpose of the language producer(speaker or writer). methods, research instruments employed, sample size, and so
on.
Results and Discussion state the brief summary of the key
findings or the results of your study.
Ordinarily, the language used in writing academic texts such as
those in language and social science courses is the language
used by laymen. However, among the natural sciences and
technical fields, a language specific to that discipline is used;
such language is called jargon, the language of a certain
profession or occupation.
JARGON
Special words or expressions that are used by a particular
profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.
MEDICALESE
● Language of doctors.
● Terms used in the field of medicine.
Kinds of Jargon
➔ osteoporosis
➔ scoliosis
➔ leukemia
➔ meningococcemia
➔ dysmenorrhea
➔ insomnia
➔ vasectomy
➔ rhinoplasty
OTHER STRUCTURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
Types of written text based on structural pattern and purpose LEGALESE
● Language of LAWYERS.
DESCRIPTION ● Terms used in the field of LAW.
This text structure uses sensory detail to describe a thing,
person, place, or idea. Kinds of Jargon
➔ habeas corpus
PROBLEM-SOLUTION ➔ illegitimate
This structure presents a problem, its cause, and possible ➔ complainant
solution. ➔ Defendant
➔ Criminologist
CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER ➔ Penology
This structure gives information in order of appearance or ➔ corpus delicto
event. ➔ sub judice
➔ jus soli
COMPARISON/CONTRAST ➔ bona fide
This structure provides information on the similarities or ➔ Plaintiff
differences between two things, persons, places, events, and
even ideas. JOURNALESE
● Language of JOURNALISTS
CAUSE AND EFFECT ● Terms used in the field of JOURNALISM/NEWSPAPER
This structure presents a concept or problem and provides WRITING.
reasons or explanations for such.
Kinds of Jargon
➔ headline
➔ banner
➔ byline
➔ classified ads
➔ editorial
➔ news article
➔ yellow journalism
➔ Payola
➔ Blue-penciling
➔ Lead
➔ beat
➔ streamer
➔ Editorializing
➔ Libel
➔ layout artist
➔ classified ads
LESSON 2 | LANGUAGE USED IN ACADEMIC TEXTS MERCANTILESE/COMMERCIALESE
● Language of BUSINESSMEN. ● Language of mothers.
● Terms used in the field of COMMERCE and INDUSTRY. ● Terms used in parenting
Kinds of Jargon
Kinds of Jargon ➔ baby talk
➔ expenditure ➔ breast-feeding
➔ revenue ➔ feeding bottles
➔ purchasing power ➔ babysitter
➔ merchandising ➔ toddlers
➔ ultimate consumer ➔ disposable diapers
➔ ceiling price ➔ Tantrum
➔ Liabilities ➔ Weaning
➔ bad order, ➔ special children
➔ Accrual ➔ temper tantrums
➔ collateral
COMPUTERESE
TECHNICALESE ● Language of computer specialists.
● Language of technocrats. ● Terms used in information technology
● Terms used in the field of science and technology
Kinds of Jargon
Kinds of Jargon ➔ kilobyte
➔ halogen ➔ debugging
➔ kinetic energy ➔ programming
➔ hydrostatics ➔ website
➔ barometer ➔ cybercrime
➔ solar energy ➔ database
➔ acceleration ➔ Memory
➔ altitude ➔ octal system
➔ Electron ➔ love bug
➔ centrifugal force ➔ flow chart
➔ aerodynamics ➔ website designer,
➔ chatting
DIPLOMATESE
● Language of DIPLOMATS.
● Terms used in the field of foreign service
Kinds of Jargon
➔ Attache
➔ ambassador of goodwill
➔ courtesy call
➔ Extradition
➔ Deportee
➔ diplomatic corps
➔ state visit
➔ Consulate
➔ Immigration
➔ press briefing
TEACHERESE
● Language of teachers.
● Terms used in the field of Education
Kinds of Jargon
➔ teaching strategy
➔ assessment
➔ classroom performance
➔ special education
➔ classroom management
➔ Pedagogy
➔ Feeble-mindedness
➔ special education
➔ open university
MOTHERESE
