Indian Air Force

INDEX

Formation 3

World War II (1939–1945) 4

First years of independence (1947–1950) 4

Post-Independence 5

Kargil War (1999) 9

Post Kargil incidents (1999–present) 9

2019 Balakot airstrike 10

2019 India–Pakistan standoff 10

Structure 11

Commands 12

Wings 13

Stations 13

Squadrons and units 13

Sections 13

The smallest unit is the section, led by a flight lieutenant. Each section consists of three
aircraft. 13

Garud Commando Force 14

Rank Structure 15

Aircraft inventory 16

Multi-role fighters and strike aircraft 17

Dassault Rafale: 17
Sukhoi Su-30MKI: 18
Mikoyan MiG-29: 19
Dassault Mirage 2000: 19
 HAL Tejas: 20
SEPECAT Jaguar: 21
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21: 22
Airborne early warning and control system 23
Aerial refuelling 24
Transport aircraft 26
Trainer aircraft 30
Helicopters 33
The HAL Dhruv serves primarily as a light utility helicopter in the IAF. In addition to transport
and utility roles, newer Dhruvs are also used as attack helicopters. Four Dhruvs are also
operated by the Indian Air Force Sarang Helicopter Display Team. The HAL Chetak is a light
utility helicopter and is used primarily for training, rescue and light transport roles in the IAF.
The HAL Chetak is being gradually replaced by HAL Dhruv.The HAL Cheetah is a light utility
helicopter used for high altitude operations. It is used for both transport and
search-and-rescue missions in the IAF. 33
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 38

RELATED CURRENT AFFAIRS 40

DRDO & Indian Air Force carry out successful flight tests of indigenously-developed
smart anti-airfield weapon 40

Air Marshal Sreekumar Prabhakaran 42

DRDO & IAF jointly flight test Long-Range Bomb successfully 42

Air Marshal J Chalapati 43

AIR CHIEF MARSHAL VR CHAUDHARI TAKES OVER AS THE CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF
44

MoD signs contract with Airbus Defence & Space, Spain for acquisition of 56 C-295MW
transport aircraft for IAF 44

Major reshuffle in IAF top Brass 46

Important for AFSB Interview 46

Air Marshal V R Chaudhari appointed next Chief of Air Staff 50

LCA-Mk2 and AMCA 54

DRDO hands over air defence missile (MRSAM) System to Indian Air Force in presence of
Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan 56

Cabinet approves procurement of 56 C-295MW transport aircraft for Indian Air Force 57

DRDO develops Advanced Chaff Technology for Indian Air Force 59

INDUCTION CEREMONY OF RAFALE AIRCRAFT INTO 101 SQN 60

Air warriors of Indian Air Force representing the Nation in Tokyo Olympics 2021 61
MAROON BERET CEREMONIAL PARADE AT GARUD REGIMENTAL TRAINING CENTRE
AIR FORCE STATION CHANDINAGAR 61

AF AND USN IN IOR 68

What different types of jumps does the Indian Parachute Regiment perform? 69

LALO 69

HALO 70

HAHO 70

SHORT NOTES 71

5 Latest Deals of Indian Armed Forces 73

INDIAN AIR FORCE History

Formation
The Indian Air Force (IAF) is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. Its complement of personnel
and aircraft assets ranks fourth amongst the air forces of the world.Its primary mission is to secure
Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflict. It was officially established on 8
October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the British Empire which honoured India's aviation service
during World War II with the prefix Royal.After India gained independence from United Kingdom in
1947, the name Royal Indian Air Force was kept and served in the name of Dominion of India. With
the government's transition to a Republic in 1950, the prefix Royal was removed.
Since 1950, the IAF has been involved in four wars with neighbouring Pakistan. Other major
operations undertaken by the IAF include Operation Vijay, Operation Meghdoot, Operation Cactus
and Operation Poomalai. The IAF's mission expands beyond engagement with hostile forces, with
the IAF participating in United Nations peacekeeping missions.
The President of India holds the rank of Supreme Commander of the IAF. As of 1 July 2017,
1,39,576 personnel are in service with the Indian Air Force.The Chief of the Air Staff, an air chief
marshal, is a four-star officer and is responsible for the bulk of operational command of the Air
Force. There is never more than one serving ACM at any given time in the IAF. The rank of Marshal
of the Air Force has been conferred by the President of India on one occasion in history, to Arjan
Singh. On 26 January 2002, Singh became the first and so far, only five-star rank officer of the IAF.
World War II (1939–1945)
During World War II, the IAF played an instrumental role in halting the advance of the Japanese
army in Burma, where the first IAF air strike was executed. The target for this first mission was the
Japanese military base in Arakan, after which IAF strike missions continued against the Japanese
airbases at Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai in northern Thailand.
The IAF was mainly involved in strike, close air support, aerial reconnaissance, bomber escort and
pathfinding missions for RAF and USAAF heavy bombers. RAF and IAF pilots would train by flying
with their non-native air wings to gain combat experience and communication proficiency. Besides
operations in the Burma Theatre IAF pilots participated in air operations in North Africa and Europe.
In addition to the IAF, many native Indians and some 200 Indians resident in Britain volunteered to
join the RAF and Women's Auxiliary Air Force . One such volunteer was Sergeant Shailendra Eknath
Sukthankar, who served as a navigator with No. 83 Squadron. Sukthankar was commissioned as an
officer, and on 14 September 1943, received the DFC. Squadron Leader Sukthankar eventually
completed 45 operations, 14 of them on board the RAF Museum’s Avro Lancaster R5868. Another
volunteer was Assistant Section Officer Noor Inayat Khan a Muslim pacifist and Indian nationalist
who joined the WAAF, in November 1940, to fight against Nazism. Noor Khan served bravely as a
secret agent with the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in France, but was eventually betrayed
and captured.Many of these Indian airmen were seconded or transferred to the expanding IAF such
as Squadron Leader Mohinder Singh Pujji DFC who led No. 4 Squadron IAF in Burma.
During the war, the IAF experienced a phase of steady expansion. New aircraft added to the fleet
included the US-built Vultee Vengeance, Douglas Dakota, the British Hawker Hurricane,
Supermarine Spitfire, and Westland Lysander.
In recognition of the valiant service by the IAF, King George VI conferred the prefix "Royal" in 1945.
Thereafter the IAF was referred to as the Royal Indian Air Force. In 1950, when India became a
republic, the prefix was dropped and it reverted to being the Indian Air Force.

First years of independence (1947–1950)

After it became independent from the British Empire in 1947, British India was partitioned into the
new states of the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. Along the lines of the
geographical partition, the assets of the air force were divided between the new countries. India's air
force retained the name of the Royal Indian Air Force, but three of the ten operational squadrons
and facilities, located within the borders of Pakistan, were transferred to the Royal Pakistan Air
Force. The RIAF Roundel was changed to an interim 'Chakra' roundel derived from the Ashoka
Chakra.
Around the same time, conflict broke out between them over the control of the princely state of
Jammu & Kashmir. With Pakistani forces moving into the state, its Maharaja decided to accede to
India in order to receive military help.The day after, the Instrument of Accession was signed, the
RIAF was called upon to transport troops into the war zone. And this was when a good management
of logistics came into help. This led to the eruption of full-scale war between India and Pakistan,
though there was no formal declaration of war. During the war, the RIAF did not engage the Pakistan
Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, it did provide effective transport and close air support to the
Indian troops.
When India became a republic in 1950, the prefix 'Royal' was dropped from the Indian Air Force.At
the same time, the current IAF roundel was adopted

Post-Independence
Around the same time, conflict broke out between them over the control of the princely state of
Jammu & Kashmir. With Pakistani forces moving into the state, its Maharaja decided to accede
to India in order to receive military help. The day after instrument of accession was signed, the
RIAF was called upon to transport troops into the war-zone. And this was when a good
management of logistics came into help. This led to the eruption of full scale war between India
and Pakistan, though there was no formal declaration of war. During the war, the RIAF did not
engage the Pakistan Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, it did provide effective transport
and close air support to the Indian troops.

When India became a republic in 1950, the prefix ‘Royal’ was dropped from the Indian Air
Force. At the same time, the current IAF roundel was adapted. The IAF saw significant conflict
in 1960, when Belgium’s 75-year rule over Congo ended abruptly, engulfing the nation in
widespread violence and rebellion. IAF sent No.5 Squadron, equipped with English Electric
Canberra, to support United Nations Operation in Congo. The squadron started undertaking

operational missions in November. The unit remained there until 1966, when the UN mission
ended. Operating from Leopoldville and Kamina, the Canberras soon destroyed the rebel Air
Force and provided the UN ground forces with its only long-range air support force.
In late 1961, the Indian government decided to deploy the armed forces in an effort to evict the
Portuguese out of Goa and other Enclaves after years of negotiation. The Indian Air Force was
requested to provide support elements to the ground force in what was called Operation Vijay.
Probing flights by some fighters and bombers were carried out from 8-18 December to draw out
the Portuguese Air Force, but to no avail. On December 18, two waves of Canberra bombers
bombed the runway of Dabolim airfield taking care not to bomb the Terminals and the ATC
tower. Two Portuguese transport aircraft (a Super Constellation and a DC-6) found on the
airfield were left alone so that they can be captured intact. However, the Portuguese pilots
managed to take off the aircraft from the still damaged airfield and made their getaway to
Portugal.

In 1962, border disagreements between China and India escalated to a war when China
mobilised its troops across the Indian border. During the Sino- Indian War, India’s military
planners failed to deploy and effectively use the IAF against the invading Chinese forces. This
resulted in India losing a significant amount of advantage to the Chinese; especially in Jammu
and Kashmir.

Three years after the Sino-Indian conflict, in 1965, Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar, a
surprise invasion into India which came to be known as the Second Kashmir War. This was the
first time the IAF actively engaged an enemy air force. However, instead of providing close air
support to the Indian Army, the IAF carried out independent raids against PAF bases. These
bases were situated deep inside Pakistani territory, making IAF fighters vulnerable to
anti-aircraft fire. During the course of the conflict, the PAF enjoyed technological superiority over
the IAF and had achieved substantial strategic and tactical advantage due to their sudden
attack. The IAF was restrained by the government from retaliating to PAF attacks in the eastern
sector while a substantive part of its combat force was deployed there and could not be
transferred to the western sector, against the possibility of Chinese intervention. Moreover,
international (UN) stipulations and norms did not permit military force to be introduced into the
Indian state of J & K beyond what was agreed
during the 1949 cease fire. Despite this, the IAF was able to prevent the PAF from gaining air
superiority over conflict zones.

After the 1965 war, the IAF underwent a series of changes to improve its capabilities. In 1966,
the Para Commandos regiment was created. To increase its logistics supply and rescue
operations ability, the IAF inducted 72 HS 748s which were built by Hindustan Aeronautics
Limited (HAL) under license from Avro. India started to put more stress on indigenous
manufacture of fighter aircraft. As a result, HAL HF-24 Marut, designed by the famed German
aerospace engineer Kurt Tank, were inducted into the air force. HAL also started developing an
improved version of the Folland Gnat, known as HAL Ajeet. At the same time, the IAF also
started inducting Mach 2 capable Soviet MiG-21 and Sukhoi Su-7 fighters.

By late 1971, the intensification of the independence movement in erstwhile East Pakistan led to
the Bangladesh Liberation War between India and Pakistan. On 22 November 1971, 10 days
before the start of a full-scale war, four PAF F- 86 Sabre jets attacked Indian and Mukti Bahini
positions at Garibpur, near the international border. Two of the four PAF Sabres were shot down
and one damaged by the IAF’s Folland Gnats. On 3 December, India formally declared war
against Pakistan following massive preemptive strikes by the PAF against Indian Air Force
installations in Srinagar, Ambala, Sirsa, Halwara and Jodhpur. However, the IAF did not suffer
significantly because the leadership had anticipated such a move and precautions were taken.
The Indian Air Force was quick to respond to Pakistani air strikes, following which the PAF
carried out mostly defensive sorties.

In 1984, India launched Operation Meghdoot to capture the Siachen Glacier in the contested
Kashmir region. In Op Meghdoot, IAF’s Mi-8, Chetak and Cheetah helicopters airlifted hundreds
of Indian troops to Siachen. Launched on 13 April 1984, this military operation was unique
because of Siachen’s inhospitable terrain and climate. The military action was successful, given
the fact that under a previous agreement, neither Pakistan nor India had stationed any
personnel in the area. The Indian forces, facing no opposition, took control over most of the
heights on the glacier.

Following the failure to negotiate an end to the Sri Lankan Civil War, and to provide
humanitarian aid through an unarmed convoy of ships, the Indian
Government decided to carry out an airdrop of the humanitarian supplies on the evening of 4
June 1987 designated Operation Poomalai or Eagle Mission 4. Five An-32s escorted by five
Mirage 2000s carried out the supply drop which faced no opposition from the Sri Lankan Armed
Forces. Sri Lanka accused India of “blatant violation of sovereignty". India insisted that it was
acting only on humanitarian grounds.

In 1987, the IAF supported the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) in northern and eastern Sri
Lanka in Operation Pawan. About 70,000 sorties were flown by the IAF’s transport and
helicopter force in support of nearly 100,000 troops and paramilitary forces without a single
aircraft lost or mission aborted. IAF AN-32s maintained a continuous air link between air bases
in South India and Northern Sri Lanka transporting men, equipment, rations and evacuating
casualties.

On the night of 3 November 1988, the Indian Air Force mounted special operations to airlift a
parachute battalion group from Agra, non-stop over 2000 kilometers to the remote Indian Ocean
archipelago of the Maldives in response to Maldivian president Gayooms request for military
help against a mercenary invasion in Operation Cactus. The IL-76s of No.44 Squadron landed
at Hulhule at 0030 hours and the Indian paratroopers secured the airfield and restored
Government rule at Male within hours.

During the Kargil conflict IAF Mirage 2000Hs, along with MiG-27s carried out strikes against
enemy positions. On 11 May 1999, the Indian Air Force was called in to provide close air
support to the Indian Army at the height of the ongoing Kargil conflict with the use of helicopters.
The IAF strike was code named Operation Safed Sagar. The first strikes were launched on 26
May, when the Indian Air Force struck infiltrator positions with fighter aircraft and helicopter
gunships. The initial strikes saw MiG-27s carrying out offensive sorties, with MiG-21s and later
MiG-29s providing fighter cover. The IAF also deployed its radars and the MiG-29 fighters in
vast numbers to keep check on Pakistani military movements across the border. Srinagar
Airport was at this time closed to civilian air-traffic and dedicated to the Indian Air Force.
Kargil War (1999)
On 11 May 1999, the Indian Air Force was called in to provide close air support to the Indian Army at
the height of the ongoing Kargil conflict with the use of helicopters. The IAF strike was code named
Operation Safed Sagar.The first strikes were launched on 26 May, when the Indian Air Force struck
infiltrator positions with fighter aircraft and helicopter gunships.The initial strikes saw MiG-27s
carrying out offensive sorties, with MiG-21s and later MiG-29s providing fighter cover.The IAF also
deployed its radars and the MiG-29 fighters in vast numbers to keep check on Pakistani military
movements across the border.Srinagar Airport was at this time closed to civilian air-traffic and
dedicated to the Indian Air Force.
On 27 May, the Indian Air Force suffered its first fatality when it lost a MiG-21 and a MiG-27 in quick
succession.The following day, while on an offensive sortie, a Mi-17 was shot down by three Stinger
missiles and lost its entire crew of four.Following these losses the IAF immediately withdrew
helicopters from offensive roles as a measure against the threat of Man-portable air-defence
systems (MANPAD). On 30 May, the Mirage 2000s were introduced in offensive capability, as they
were deemed better in performance under the high-altitude conditions of the conflict zone. Mirage
2000s were not only better equipped to counter the MANPAD threat compared to the MiGs, but also
gave IAF the ability to carry out aerial raids at night.The MiG-29s were used extensively to provide
fighter escort to the Mirage 2000.Radar transmissions of Pakistani F-16s were picked up repeatedly,
but these aircraft stayed away. The Mirages successfully targeted enemy camps and logistic bases
in Kargil and severely disrupted their supply lines.Mirage 2000s were used for strikes on Muntho
Dhalo and the heavily defended Tiger Hill and paved the way for their early recapture. At the height
of the conflict, the IAF was conducting over forty sorties daily over the Kargil region.By 26 July, the
Indian forces had successfully repulsed the Pakistani forces from Kargil.

Post Kargil incidents (1999–present)

Since the late 1990s, the Indian Air Force has been modernising its fleet to counter challenges in the
new century. The fleet size of the IAF has decreased to 33 squadrons during this period because of
the retirement of older aircraft. Still, India maintains the fourth largest air force in the world. The IAF
plans to raise its strength to 42 squadrons.Self-reliance is the main aim that is being pursued by the
defence research and manufacturing agencies.
On 10 August 1999, IAF MiG-21s intercepted a Pakistan Navy Breguet Atlantique which was flying
over Sir Creek, a disputed territory. The aircraft was shot down killing all 16 Pakistani Navy
personnel on board. India claimed that the Atlantic was on a mission to gather information on IAF air
defence,a charge emphatically rejected by Pakistan which argued that the unarmed aircraft was on a
training mission.
On 2 August 2002, the Indian Air Force bombed Pakistani posts along the Line of Control in the Kel
sector, following inputs about Pakistani military buildup near the sector.On 20 August 2013, the
Indian Air Force created a world record by performing the highest landing of a C-130J at the Daulat
Beg Oldi airstrip in Ladakh at the height of 5,065 metres (16,617 ft).The medium-lift aircraft will be
used to deliver troops, supplies and improve communication networks. The aircraft belonged to the
Veiled Vipers squadron based at Hindon Air Force Station.
On 13 July 2014, two MiG-21s were sent from Jodhpur Air Base to investigate a Turkish Airlines
aircraft over Jaisalmer when it repeated an identification code, provided by another commercial
passenger plane that had already entered Indian airspace before it. The flights were on their way to
Mumbai and Delhi, and the planes were later allowed to proceed after their credentials were verified.

2019 Balakot airstrike

Following heightened tensions between India and Pakistan after the 2019 Pulwama attack that was
carried out by Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) which killed forty-six servicemen of the Central Reserve
Police Force, a group of twelve Mirage 2000 fighter planes from the Indian Air Force carried out air
strikes on alleged JeM bases in Chakothi and Muzaffarabad in the Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
Furthermore, the Mirage 2000s targeted an alleged JeM training camp in Balakot, a town in the
Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan claimed that the Indian aircraft had only
dropped bombs in the forest area demolishing pine trees near the Jaba village which is 19
kilometres (12 mi) away from Balakotand Indian officials claimed to bomb and kill a large number of
terrorists in the airstrike.

2019 India–Pakistan standoff

On 27 February 2019, in retaliation for the IAF bombing of an alleged terrorist hideout in Balakot, a
group of PAF Mirage-5 and JF-17 fighters allegedly conducted an airstrike against certain ground
targets across the Line of Control. They were intercepted by a group of IAF fighters consisting of
Su-30MKI and MiG-21 jets. An ensuing dogfight began. According to India, one PAF F-16 was shot
down by an IAF MiG-21 piloted by Abhinandan Varthaman, while Pakistan denied use of F-16s in the
operation. According to Pakistan, a MiG-21 and a Su30MKI were shot down, while India claims that
only the MiG-21 was shot down. While the downed MiG-21's pilot had ejected successfully, he
landed in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, and was captured by the Pakistan military. Before his
capture he was assaulted by a few locals. After a couple of days of captivity, the captured pilot was
released by Pakistan per Third Geneva convention obligations. While Pakistan denied involvement
of any of its F-16 aircraft in the strike, the IAF presented remnants of AMRAAM missiles that are only
carried by the F-16s within the PAF as proof of their involvement. The US-based ''Foreign Policy''
magazine, quoting unnamed US officials, reported in April 2019 that an audit didn't find any Pakistani
F-16s missing.However, the same has not been confirmed by US Official citing it as bilateral matter
between US and Pakistan
Structure
The President of India is the Supreme Commander of all Indian armed forces and by virtue of that
fact is the national Commander-in-chief of the Air Force. The Chief of the Air Staff with the rank of Air
chief marshal is the Commander

Current Holder

POST

Chief of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari, PVSM,
AVSM, VM, ADC

Vice Chief of the Air Staff Air Marshal Sandeep Singh, AVSM, VM

Deputy Chief of the Air Staff Air Marshal Narmdeshwar Tiwari, VM

Air Officer in Charge of Air Marshal Vijay Pal Singh Rana, VSM
Administration

Air Officer in Charge of Personnel Air Marshal Suraj Kumar Jha, AVSM

Air Officer in Charge of Maintenance Air Marshal Vibhas Pande, VSM

Director General of Air Operations Air Marshal Pankaj Mohan Sinha, AVSM, VSM

Director General of Inspection and Air Marshal Gurcharan Singh Bedi, AVSM, VM, VSM
Flight Safety

Director General of Medical Services Air Marshal Prashant Bharadwaj, VSM,

(Air)
Commands
The Indian Air Force is divided into five operational and two functional commands. Each Command
is headed by an Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief with the rank of Air Marshal. The purpose of an
operational command is to conduct military operations using aircraft within its area of responsibility,
whereas the responsibility of functional commands is to maintain combat readiness. Aside from the
Training Command at Bangalore, the primary flight training is done at the Air Force Academy
(located in Hyderabad), followed by operational training at various other schools. Advanced officer
training for command positions is also conducted at the Defence Services Staff College; specialised
advanced flight training schools are located at Bidar, Karnataka and Hakimpet, Telangana (also the
location for helicopter training). Technical schools are found at a number of other locations.

Name Headquarters Commander

Central Air Command Allahabad, Uttar Air Marshal Richard John Duckworth,
(CAC) Pradesh AVSM, VSM

Eastern Air Command Shillong, Meghalaya Air Marshal Dilip Kumar Patnaik,
(EAC) AVSM, VSM

Southern Air Command Thiruvananthapuram, Air Marshal Jonnalagedda Chalapati,

(SAC) Kerala VSM

South Western Air Gandhinagar, Gujarat Air Marshal Vikram Singh, VSM
Command (SWAC)

Western Air Command New Delhi Air Marshal Amit Dev, AVSM, VM
(WAC)

Training Command (TC)+ Bangalore, Karnataka Air Marshal Manavendra Singh,

AVSM, VrC, VSM

Maintenance Command Nagpur, Maharashtra Air Marshal Shashiker Choudhary,

(MC)+ VSM
Wings
A wing is a formation intermediate between a command and a squadron. It generally consists of two
or three IAF squadrons and helicopter units, along with forward base support units (FBSU). FBSUs
do not have or host any squadrons or helicopter units but act as transit airbases for routine
operations. In times of war, they can become fully fledged air bases playing host to various
squadrons. In all, about 47 wings and 19 FBSUs make up the IAF. Wings are typically commanded
by an air commodore.

Stations
Within each operational command are anywhere from nine to sixteen bases or stations. Smaller than
wings, but similarly organised, stations are static units commanded by a group captain. A station
typically has one wing and one or two squadrons assigned to it.

Squadrons and units

Squadrons are the field units and formations attached to static locations. Thus, a flying squadron or
unit is a sub-unit of an air force station which carries out the primary task of the IAF. A fighter
squadron consists of 18 aircraft; all fighter squadrons are headed by a commanding officer with the
rank of wing commander.Some transport squadrons and helicopter units are headed by a
commanding officer with the rank of group captain.

Sections
The smallest unit is the section, led by a flight lieutenant. Each section consists of three aircraft.

Within this formation structure, IAF has several service branches for day-to-day operations. They
are:
 Flying Technical Ground Branch
Branch Branch
Logistics
Flying Engineering
Administration

Accounts

Education

Medical & Dental

Meteorological

Garud Commando Force

The Garud commandos are the special forces of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Their tasks include
counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, providing security to IAF's vulnerably located assets and various
air force-specific special operations. First conceived in 2002, this unit was officially established on
February 6, 2004.

Garud Commandos

All Garuds are volunteers who are imparted a 52-week basic training, which includes a three-month
probation followed by special operations training, basic airborne training and other warfare and
survival skills. The last phase of basic training sees Garuds been deployed to get combat
experience. Advanced training follows, which includes specialised weapons training.
The mandated tasks of the Garuds include direct action, special reconnaissance, rescuing downed
pilots in hostile territory, establishing airbases in hostile territory and providing air-traffic control to
these airbases. The Garuds also undertake suppression of enemy air defences and the destruction
of other enemy assets such as radars, evaluation of the outcomes of Indian airstrikes and use laser
designators to guide Indian airstrikes.The security of IAF installations and assets are usually
performed by the Air Force Police and the Defence Security Corps even though some critical assets
are protected by the Garuds.

Rank Structure
The rank structure of the Indian Air Force is based on that of the Royal Air Force. The highest
rank attainable in the IAF is Marshal of the Indian Air Force, conferred by the President of India
after exceptional service during wartime. MIAF Arjan Singh is the only officer to have achieved
this rank. The head of the Indian Air Force is the Chief of the Air Staff, who holds the rank of Air
Chief Marshal.

Commissioned Officers
Marshal of the Indian Air Force

Air Chief Marshal (the rank held by Chief of Air Staff) Air Marshal

Air Vice Marshal

Air Commodore

Group Captain

Wing Commander

Squadron Leader

Flight Lieutenant

Flying Officer
Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs)

Master Warrant Officer

Warrant Officer Junior Warrant Officer

Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs)

Sergeant

Other Personnel

Corporal

Leading Aircraftsman Aircraftsman

Aircraft inventory
The Indian Air Force has aircraft and equipment of Russian (erstwhile Soviet Union), British, French,
Israeli, US and Indian origins with Russian aircraft dominating its inventory. HAL produces some of
the Russian and British aircraft in India under licence. The exact number of aircraft in service with
the Indian Air Force cannot be determined with precision from open sources. Various reliable
sources provide notably divergent estimates for a variety of high-visibility aircraft. Flight International
estimates there to be around 1,750 aircraft in service with the IAF,while the International Institute for
Strategic Studies provides a similar estimate of 1,850 aircraft. Both sources agree there are
approximately 900 combat capable (fighter, attack etc.) aircraft in the IAF.
Multi-role fighters and strike aircraft

Dassault Rafale:
the latest addition to India's aircraft arsenal; India has signed a deal for 36 Dassault Rafale multirole
fighter aircraft. As of Oct 2021, 29 Rafale fighters are in service with the Indian Air Force

The Dassault Rafale is a French twin-engine, canard delta wing, multirole fighter aircraft designed
and built by Dassault Aviation. Equipped with a wide range of weapons, the Rafale is intended to
perform air supremacy, interdiction, aerial reconnaissance, ground support, in-depth strike, anti-ship
strike and nuclear deterrence missions. The Rafale is referred to as an "omnirole" aircraft by
Dassault.
Sukhoi Su-30MKI:
the IAF's primary air superiority fighter, with additional air-to-ground (strike) mission capability, is the
Sukhoi Su-30MKI. 272 Su-30MKIs have been in service as of January 2020 with 12 more on order
with HAL

The Sukhoi Su-30MKI(NATO reporting name: Flanker-H) is a twinjet multirole air superiority fighter
developed by Russia's Sukhoi and built under licence by India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
(HAL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF). A variant of the Sukhoi Su-30, it is a heavy, all-weather,
long-range fighter.
Development of the variant started after India signed a deal with Russia in 2000 to manufacture 140
Su-30 fighter jets.The first Russian-made Su-30MKI variant was accepted into the Indian Air Force in
2002, while the first Su-30MKI assembled in India entered service with the IAF in 2004.The IAF has
nearly 260 Su-30MKIs in inventory as of January 2020.The Su-30MKI is expected to form the
backbone of the Indian Air Force's fighter fleet to 2020 and beyond.
Mikoyan MiG-29:
the MiG-29, known as Baaz (Hindi for Hawk), is a dedicated air superiority fighter, constituting the
IAF's second line of defence after the Su-30MKI. There are 69 MiG-29s in service, all of which have
been recently upgraded to the MiG-29UPG standard, after the decision was made in 2016 to
upgrade the remaining 21 MiG-29s to the UPG standard.

Dassault Mirage 2000:

the Mirage 2000, known as Vajra (Sanskrit for diamond or thunderbolt) in Indian service, is the
primary multirole fighter, the IAF currently operates 49 Mirage 2000Hs and 8 Mirage 2000 TH all of
which are currently being upgraded to the Mirage 2000-5 MK2 standard with Indian specific
modifications and 2 Mirage 2000-5 MK2 are in service as of March 2015.The IAF's Mirage 2000 are
scheduled to be phased out by 2030
HAL Tejas:
IAF MiG-21s are to be replaced by domestically built HAL Tejas.The first Tejas IAF unit, No. 45
Squadron IAF Flying Daggers, was formed on 1 July 2016, followed by No. 18 Squadron IAF "Flying
Bullets" on 27 May 2020. Initially stationed at Bangalore, the first squadron was then to be
transferred to its home base in Sulur, Tamil Nadu. In February 2021, the Indian Air Force ordered 83
Tejas, including 40 Mark 1, 73 single-seat Mark 1As and 10 two-seat Mark 1 trainers.Total 123
ordered.
SEPECAT Jaguar:
the Jaguar, known as the Shamsher, serves as the IAF's primary ground attack force.The IAF
currently operates 139 Jaguars.The first batch of DARIN-1 Jaguars are now going through a
DARIN-3 upgrade being equipped with EL/M-2052 AESA radars, and an improved jamming suite
plus new avionics. These aircraft are scheduled to be phased out by 2030.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21:

the MiG-21 serves as an interceptor aircraft in the IAF, which phased out most of its MiG-21s and planned to

keep only the 125 aircraft upgraded to the MiG-21 Bison standard. The phase-out date for these interceptors

has been postponed several times. Initially set for 2014–2017,it was later postponed to 2019.Current

phase-out is scheduled for 2021–2022.

Airborne early warning and control system

The IAF is currently training crews in the operation of indigenously developed DRDO AEW&CS, conducting the training on

Embraer ERJ 145 aircraft. The IAF also operates the EL/W-2090 Phalcon AEW&C incorporated in a Beriev A-50 platform. A

total of three such systems are currently in service, with two further potential orders. The two additional Phalcons are currently

in negotiation to settle price differences between Russia and India. India is also going ahead with Project India, an in-house

AWACS program to develop and deliver six Phalcon-class AWACS, based on DRDO work on the smaller AEW&CS.
Aerial refuelling

The IAF currently operates six Ilyushin Il-78MKIs in the aerial refueling (tanker) role.
Transport aircraft

For strategic airlift operations, the IAF uses the Ilyushin Il-76, known as Gajraj (Hindi for King

Elephant) in Indian service. The IAF operated 17 Il-76s in 2010,which are in the process of being

replaced by C-17 Globemaster IIIs.

IAF C-130Js are used by special forces for combined Army-Air Force operations. India purchased

six C-130Js; however, one crashed at Gwalior on 28 March 2014 while on a training mission, killing

all 5 on board and destroying the aircraft.The Antonov An-32, known in Indian service as the Sutlej

(named after Sutlej River), serves as a medium transport aircraft in the IAF. The aircraft is also used

in bombing roles and paradropping operations.The IAF currently operates 105 An-32s, all of which

are being upgraded.The Dornier 228 serves as light transport aircraft in the IAF. The IAF also

operates Boeing 737sand Embraer ECJ-135 Legacy aircraft as VIP transports and passenger

airliners for troops. Other VIP transport aircraft are used for both the Indian President and Prime

Minister under the call sign Air India One.

The Hawker Siddeley HS 748 once formed the backbone of the IAF's transport fleet, but are now

used mainly for training and communication duties.A replacement is under consideration .
Trainer aircraft

The HAL HPT-32 Deepak is IAF's basic flight training aircraft for cadets. The HPT-32 was grounded in July 2009

following a crash that killed two senior flight instructors,but was revived in May 2010 and is to be fitted with a parachute

recovery system (PRS) to enhance survivability during an emergency in the air and to bring the trainer down safely. The

HPT-32 is to be phased out soon.The HPT 32 has been replaced by Pilatus, a Swiss aircraft. The IAF uses the HAL

HJT-16 Kiran mk.I for intermediate flight training of cadets, while the HJT-16 Kiran mk.II provides advanced flight and

weapons training. The HAL HJT-16 Kiran Mk.2 is also operated by the Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT) of the IAF.The

Kiran is to be replaced by the HAL HJT-36 Sitara. The BAE Hawk Mk 132 serves as an advanced jet trainer in the IAF

and is progressively replacing the Kiran Mk.II. The IAF has begun the process of converting the Surya Kiran display team
to Hawks.A total of 106 BAE Hawk trainers have been ordered by the IAF of which 39 have entered service as of July

2010.IAF also ordered 72 Pipistrel Virus SW 80 microlight aircraft for basic training purpose.
Helicopters

The HAL Dhruv serves primarily as a light utility helicopter in the IAF. In addition to transport and

utility roles, newer Dhruvs are also used as attack helicopters. Four Dhruvs are also operated by the

Indian Air Force Sarang Helicopter Display Team. The HAL Chetak is a light utility helicopter and is

used primarily for training, rescue and light transport roles in the IAF. The HAL Chetak is being
gradually replaced by HAL Dhruv.The HAL Cheetah is a light utility helicopter used for high altitude

operations. It is used for both transport and search-and-rescue missions in the IAF.

The Mil Mi-8 and the Mil Mi-17, Mi-17 1V and Mi-17V 5 are operated by the IAF for medium lift strategic

and utility roles. The Mi-8 is being progressively replaced by the Mi-17 series of helicopters. The IAF has

ordered 22 Boeing AH-64E Apache attack helicopters, 68 HAL Light Combat Helicopters (LCH), 35 HAL

Rudra attack helicopters, 15 CH-47F Chinook heavy lift helicopters and 150 Mi-17V-5s to replace and

augment its existing fleet of Mi-8s, Mi-17s, and Mi-24s. The Mil Mi-26 serves as a heavy lift helicopter in

the IAF. It can also be used to transport troops or as a flying ambulance. The IAF currently operates three

Mi-26s.The Mil Mi-35 serves primarily as an attack helicopter in the IAF. The Mil Mi-35 can also act as a

low-capacity troop transport. The IAF currently operates two squadrons (No. 104 Firebirds and No. 125

Gladiators) of Mi-25/35
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The IAF currently uses the IAI Searcher IIand IAI Heronfor reconnaissance and surveillance

purposes. The IAI Harpy serves as an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) which is designed

to attack radar systems.The IAF also operates the DRDO Lakshya which serves as realistic towed

aerial sub-targets for live fire training.

RELATED CURRENT AFFAIRS

DRDO & Indian Air Force carry out successful flight tests of

indigenously-developed smart anti-airfield weapon

Two different configurations on satellite navigation & electro optical sensors tested successfully

First Electro optical seeker based flight test of this class of bomb in the country

Equipped with Imaging Infra-Red Seeker technology to enhance precision strike capability of the weapon

Maximum range of 100 kms

◆Two flight tests of indigenously-developed smart anti-airfield weapon have been carried out jointly by

Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Air Force (IAF).

◆The two different configurations based on satellite navigation and electro optical sensors have been

successfully tested. Electro optical seeker based flight test of this class of bomb has been conducted for the

first time in the country.

◆The electro optic sensor has been developed indigenously. The weapon was launched by an IAF aircraft

from Chandan ranges at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan on October 28, 2021 and November 03, 2021.

◆Electro optical configuration of the system is equipped with Imaging Infra-Red (IIR) Seeker technology

enhancing the precision strike capability of the weapon. In both the tests, the intended target was hit with high

accuracy.
◆The system is designed for a maximum range 100 kilometres. The newly adapted launcher ensured smooth

release and ejection of the weapon. Advanced guidance and navigation algorithms, software performed as per

the mission requirements.

◆The telemetry and tracking systems captured all mission events throughout the flight. All the mission

objectives were achieved.

◆Smart anti airfield weapon has been designed and developed by Research Centre Imarat (RCI) in

coordination with other DRDO Laboratories and extensive support from IAF.

◆Quality and design certification agencies have contributed significantly in its development and Hindustan

Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bengaluru has carried out weapon integration with the aircraft.
Air Marshal Sreekumar Prabhakaran

Air Marshal Sreekumar Prabhakaran took over as Commandant, Air Force Academy, on Monday. An alumnus

of National Defence Academy (NDA), Khadakwasla, Defence Services Staff College, Wellington and National

Defence College, New Delhi, Sreekumar Prabhakaran was commissioned in the Indian Air Force as a Fighter

Pilot on 22 December 1983.

DRDO & IAF jointly flight test Long-Range Bomb successfully

◆Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Air Force (IAF) team jointly flight tested

indigenously developed Long-Range Bomb (LRB) successfully from an aerial platform on October 29, 2021.

◆The LR Bomb, after release from the IAF fighter aircraft, guided to a land-based target at a long range with

accuracy within specified limits. All the mission objectives were successfully met. The flight of the bomb and the
performance was monitored by a number of range sensors including Electro Optical Tracking System (EOTS),

Telemetry and radar deployed by the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur in Odisha.

◆The LR Bomb has been designed and developed by Research Centre Imarat (RCI), a DRDO laboratory located at

Hyderabad in coordination with other DRDO laboratories.

◆Raksha Mantri, Shri Rajnath Singh has congratulated DRDO, IAF and other teams associated with successful flight

trial and stated that this will prove to be a force multiplier for the Indian Armed Forces.

◆Secretary DDR&D and Chairman DRDO, Dr G Satheesh Reddy in his message to the teams said that successful

flight test of Long-Range Bomb has marked an important milestone in indigenous development of this class of

systems.

Air Marshal J Chalapati

Air Marshal J Chalapati has taken over as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C) of the Southern Air Command

(SAC).
AIR CHIEF MARSHAL VR CHAUDHARI TAKES OVER AS THE CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF

◆Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari PVSM AVSM VM ADC took over as The Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) at a ceremony at Air

Headquarters (Vayu Bhawan) today.

◆An alumnus of NDA, the CAS was commissioned in Dec 82 in the fighter stream of the IAF. He has flown more than 3800

hours on multiple fighter and trainer aircraft.

◆During his career spanning almost four decades, the CAS has tenanted many significant command and staff appointments.

He has commanded a MiG-29 Squadron, two Air Force Stations and Western Air Command.

◆His staff appointments include Deputy Chief of Air Staff, Senior Air Staff Officer at HQ Eastern Air Command, Assistant

Chief of Air Staff Operations (Air Defence), Assistant Chief of Air Staff (Personnel Officers), Deputy Commandant of Air Force

Academy and Air Assistant to Chief of the Air Staff.

◆A Cat 'A' Qualified Flying Instructor, he has served as an instructor at Flying Training Establishments and has also been an

Air Force Examiner. He was a pioneer member of the Suryakiran Aerobatic Display Team.

◆An alumnus of Defence Services Staff College, Wellington, he has served as a Directing Staff there. He has also served as

Directing Staff at DSCSC in Zambia. Prior to assuming the present appointment, he was the Vice Chief of the Air Staff.

◆CAS is a recipient of Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM), Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM), Vayu Sena Medal (VM) and is

honorary ADC to the President of India.

MoD signs contract with Airbus Defence & Space, Spain for acquisition of 56

C-295MW transport aircraft for IAF

Key Highlights:

Big step towards modernisation of IAF transport fleet

 5-10 tonne capacity aircraft equipped with contemporary technology

Airbus to also directly purchase eligible products & services from Indian Offset Partners

Unique opportunity for domestic private sector to enter into technology intensive aviation industry

◆Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed a contract with M/s Airbus Defence and Space, Spain for acquisition of 56 C-295MW

transport aircraft for the Indian Air Force, on September 24, 2021.

◆The MoD has also signed an Offset Contract with M/s Airbus Defence and Space through which M/s Airbus will discharge

its offset obligations through direct purchase of eligible products and services from Indian Offset Partners.

◆These contracts were signed following the approval accorded by the Cabinet Committee on Security earlier this month. The

induction of C-295MW will be a significant step towards modernisation of the transport fleet of the Indian Air Force (IAF).

◆It is a transport aircraft of 5-10 tonne capacity with contemporary technology that will replace the ageing Avro transport

aircraft of IAF. The aircraft is capable of operating from semi-prepared strips and has a rear ramp door for quick reaction

and para dropping of troops & cargo.

◆The aircraft will give a major boost to tactical airlift capability of IAF, especially in the Northern and North-Eastern sector and

Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

◆The project will provide a major boost to the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan’ of the Government that offers a unique

opportunity for the Indian private sector to enter into technology intensive and highly competitive aviation industry. Out of 56,

forty aircraft will be manufactured in India by TATA Consortium.

◆All the deliveries will be completed within ten years of signing of the contract. All 56 aircraft will be installed with indigenous

Electronic Warfare Suite. After completion of the delivery, the subsequent aircraft manufactured in India can be exported to

countries which are cleared by the Government of India.

◆The project will give a boost to aerospace ecosystem in India wherein several MSMEs spread over the country will be

involved in manufacturing of parts of the aircraft. The program will also involve development of specialised infrastructure in the

form of hangars, buildings, aprons and taxiway.

◆This programme is a unique initiative of the Government to strengthen the indigenous capabilities and boost ‘Make in India’.
Major reshuffle in IAF top Brass

◆Air Marshal Sandeep Singh has been appointed as the new Vice Chief of Air Staff.

◆Singh will succeed incumbent Air Marshal V R Chaudhari who will take charge as the next IAF chief on

September 30.

◆The new changes have been made in the wake of the superannuation of present Air Chief Marshal R K S

Bhadauria who will complete his two-year term on September 30.

◆Present Western Air Command chief Air Marshal Balabhadra Radha Krishna has now been appointed as

the new Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (CISC) to the Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee.

◆He would be the first IAF officer in the last almost six years to take over as the CISC which plays an

important role in all tri-services matters working under the Chief of Defence Staff.

◆In the Western Air Command, Krishna would be replaced by Air Marshal Amit Dev as the new commander.

◆Dev is already serving as the chief of Eastern Air Command.

◆He would have a tenure of around six months in the new office in Delhi.

◆Appointments to the Eastern, South-Western and Southern commands are yet to be announced and orders

are expected to be issued soon.

Important for AFSB Interview

Q)Do the airfields in Ladakh restrict operations to only certain aircraft or can all aircraft be used?
A)All air fields in the Ladakh area can be used by the transport aircraft we have, although weather requirements will

vary from one aircraft to the other. It depends on the navigational aids on board the aircraft, and the competence of

the crew. That is why air crews are detailed depending on the mission.

Q)In a long haul, or in the eventuality of a kinetic war, the IAF will also have to transport back and forth

mechanised weapons etc for repair, maintenance, etc. Can our aircraft profile cater to it?

A)Bringing back loads from the forward air fields is not a problem. However, that has to be prioritised vis-à-vis

personnel, casualties, and vital equipment such as avionics.

Q)What kind of logistics support in terms of fuel, repair, etc does the IAF require for such an operation?

A)All the air fields have enough stock of fuel, oil, and lubricants (FOL) for which detailed planning is done around the

clock. There is a well-oiled logistics chain that has been fine-tuned by the IAF in the last six-seven decades of

operation. The Army Service Corps (ASC) also plays an important part in ground positioning of fuel in forward posts.

It places aviation turbine fuel in barrels in advanced fields, while Leh and Thoise have got fuel bowsers.

Q)What effect does extreme cold have on weight-carrying aircraft?

A)The lower the temperature, the better the payload because the higher air density increases the lift-carrying

capability of flying machines. So the loads that can be carried during winter are higher than during summer.

●This is a big advantage. For instance, an Il-76, which in summer can carry hardly any load from Leh, can fly out

around 20 tonnes in the winter. It is the same with helicopters, whose load-carrying ability to extremely high helipads

at altitudes of 17,000 to 20,000 feet increases substantially in winter. And it reduces drastically in summer.

Q)Do the high altitude and topography pose a challenge to navigation and night flying?

A)The modern navigation equipment available now overcome most of the challenges. But mission accomplishment is

not merely flying from place A to B. The aircraft has to land to complete a mission. That is where temperature and

altitude plus weather become the final arbiters.

Q)What is the threat to aircraft when the ground forces are eyeball to eyeball?
A)The airfields of Leh and Thoise that support fixed wing operations (helicopters are rotary wing aircraft) are relatively

in the interiors, hence not vulnerable to any ground action. They can of course be attacked by the Air Force and other

aerial assets of the adversary, but there are standard operating protocols in place to deal with such threats.

●However, in ALGs such as Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO), where choppers fly close to the LAC, the air crew are well

adept at taking tactical action to meet any threat from ground fire or shoulder-fired missiles. In this, the aids on board

the helicopters also play an important role.

Q)Are there any special challenges for fighter aircraft?

A)Fighters flying in those altitudes have special challenges of their own because of their high speeds, reduced air

density, the closeness of the hill tops, and the fact that targets are very small comprising bunkers having limited

numbers of troops.

●Hitting those targets requires special weapons and air crew capability. Luckily, we have experienced this during

Kargil, and I am sure the lessons would have been passed on to the present band of fighter pilots.

Q) What are the topographical challenges of flying into Leh or other advanced landing grounds (ALGs) in

Eastern Ladakh?

A)The biggest challenge is the altitude of the two airfields of Leh and Thoise, but since we have been flying there for

decades, the air crew are well aware of the peculiarities of these fields.

●The landing grounds at high altitude have their own challenges, which result in reduction of load-bearing capacity of

the planes/choppers. Additionally, the air crew have to call upon their skills to navigate the hills and land on the small,

matchbox-like helipads — there is just no place on these hills to make bigger ones!
Air Marshal V R Chaudhari appointed next Chief of Air Staff
Air Marshal V R Chaudhari appointed next Chief of Air Staff

◆Government has decided to appoint Air Marshal V R Chaudhari, PVSM, AVSM, VM, presently Vice Chief of Air

Staff, as the next Chief of the Air Staff after the retirement of Air Chief Marshal RKS Bhadauria, PVSM, AVSM, VM,

ADC on 30th September, 2021.

◆Air Marshal V R Chaudhari, PVSM, AVSM, VM, was commissioned into the Fighter stream of Indian Air Force on

29th December 1982 and has held various Command, Staff and Instructional Appointments at various levels

including the present one as Vice Chief of Air Staff.

◆This Air Officer is decorated with PVSM, AVSM, VM.

LCA-Mk2 and AMCA

Why in News- According to the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), LCA Tejas-Mk2 will be rolled out

in 2022 and the first flight in early 2023. Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) will be rolled out in 2024

and first flight in 2025.

◆Simultaneously, the project for development of a twin-engine deck-based fighter jet meant to fly from the

Navy’s aircraft carriers is also making progress.

◆ADA is an autonomous body of the Ministry of Defence.

LCA-Mk2:

●It is a 4.5 generation aircraft which will be used by the Indian Air Force.
●It is a replacement for the Mirage 2000 class of aircraft.

●It has got a bigger engine and can carry 6.5 tonnes of payload.

●The technology is already developed in Light Combat Aircraft (LCA).

●The LCA programme began in the 1980s to replace India's ageing MiG-21 fighters.

●The LCA is being designed and developed with ADA as the nodal agency and State-owned Hindustan

Aeronautics Limited (HAL) being the principal partner.

●Its production is likely to start somewhere around 2025.

Variants of Tejas

Tejas Trainer: 2-seater operational conversion trainer for training air force pilots.

LCA Navy: Twin- and single-seat carrier-capable for the Indian Navy.

LCA Tejas Navy MK2: This is phase 2 of the LCA Navy variant.

LCA Tejas Mk-1A: This is an improvement over the LCA Tejas Mk1 with a higher thrust engine (Air Force).

LCA Tejas Mk-2: Following the Mk-1A is the Mk-2 which will provide a high degree of manoeuverability.

Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA):

●It is a fifth generation aircraft. And will be used by the Indian Air Force.
●It is a stealth aircraft, i.e. designed for stealth and unlike the LCA, which is designed for maneuverability.

●It has a unique shape to achieve low radar cross-section and has an internal carriage of weapons.

●When the external weapons are removed, this aircraft has enough fuel and weapons inside to do a very

capable operational role in stealth mode.

Range: Over 1,000 km up to 3,000 km in different modes.

Variants and Engine:

It has two variants Mk-1 and Mk-2, While AMCA Mk-1 will have an imported engine, same as LCA Mk-2, the

AMCA Mk-2 will have an indigenous engine.

Manufacturing:

The manufacturing and production of the aircraft will be through a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), which will

also have participation of private industry.

DRDO hands over air defence missile (MRSAM) System to Indian Air Force in

presence of Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan

MRSAM will prove to be a game changer in the air-defence-system: Raksha Mantri

Terms it as a giant leap towards achieving ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’

MRSAM provides air defence against aerial threats like fighter aircraft, UAVs, guided and unguided munitions &

cruise missiles
 Capable of engaging multiple targets at ranges up to 70 kilometres

Indigenously developed rocket motor & control system for achieving high manoeuvrability

State-of-the-art missile system

◆In a significant boost to India’s defence capabilities, the first deliverable Firing Unit (FU) of Medium Range Surface

to Air Missile (MRSAM) System was handed over to Indian Air Force (IAF) in the presence of Raksha Mantri Shri

Rajnath Singh at Air Force Station, Jaisalmer in Rajasthan on September 09, 2021.

◆The MRSAM (IAF) is an advanced network centric combat Air Defence System developed jointly by Defence

Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) in collaboration with the

Indian industry comprising of private and public sectors including MSMEs.

◆The MRSAM system provides point and area air defence for ground assets against a wide range of threats

including fighter aircraft, UAVs, helicopters, guided and unguided munitions, sub-sonic & supersonic cruise missiles

etc. It is capable of engaging multiple targets at ranges up to 70 kms in severe saturation scenarios.

◆The missile is powered by indigenously developed rocket motor and control system for achieving high

manoeuvrability during the terminal phase.

◆The firing unit comprises of Missiles, Combat Management System (CMS), Mobile Launcher Systems (MLS),

Advanced Long Range Radar, Mobile Power System (MPS), Radar Power System (RPS), Reloader Vehicle (RV) and

Field Service Vehicle (FSV).

Cabinet approves procurement of 56 C-295MW transport aircraft for Indian Air

Force

16 aircraft to be delivered in flyaway condition from Spain; 40 to be manufactured in India

Unique initiative to strengthen indigenous capabilities & boost ‘Make in India’

 All aircraft to be installed with indigenous Electronic Warfare Suite

To replace the ageing Avro aircraft of IAF

Transport aircraft of 5-10 Tonne capacity with contemporary technology

◆Cabinet Committee on Security approved the procurement of fifty six C-295MW transport aircraft from M/s Airbus

Defence and Space S.A., Spain for the Indian Air Force. C-295MW aircraft is a transport aircraft of 5-10 Tonne

capacity with contemporary technology that will replace the ageing Avro aircraft of IAF. The aircraft has a rear ramp

door for quick reaction and para dropping of troops and cargo.

◆Sixteen aircraft will be delivered in flyaway condition from Spain within 48 months of signing of the contract and

forty aircraft will be manufactured in India by TATA Consortium within ten years of signing of the contract.

◆This is the first project of its kind in which a military aircraft will be manufactured in India by a private company. All

fifty six aircraft will be installed with indigenous Electronic Warfare Suite.

◆The project will give a boost to aerospace ecosystem in India wherein several MSMEs spread over the country will

be involved in manufacturing of parts of the aircraft.The programme will provide major boost to the `Atmanirbhar

Bharat Abhiyan’ of the Government as it offers a unique opportunity for the Indian Private Sector to enter into

technology intensive and highly competitive aviation Industry.

◆The project will augment domestic aviation manufacturing resulting in reduced import dependence and expected

increase in exports.

◆A large number of detail parts, sub-assemblies and major component assemblies of aero structure are scheduled

to be manufactured in India. The programme will act as a catalyst in employment generation in the aerospace

ecosystem of the country and is expected to generate 600 highly skilled jobs directly, over 3000 indirect jobs and an

additional 3000 medium skill employment opportunities with more than 42.5 lakh man hours of work within the

aerospace and defence sector of India.

◆It will involve development of specialized infrastructure in form of hangars, buildings, aprons and taxiway. During

the process of manufacturing in India, it is expected that all the suppliers of TATA Consortium who will be involved in

special processes will gain and maintain globally recognized National Aerospace and Defence Contractors

Accreditation Program (NADCAP) accreditation.

◆Before completion of deliveries, ‘D’ Level servicing facility (MRO) for C-295MW aircraft are scheduled to be setup

in India. It is expected that this facility will act as a regional MRO hub for various variants of C-295 aircraft.

◆In addition, the OEM will also discharge its offset obligations through direct purchase of eligible products and

Services from Indian Offset Partners giving further boost to economy.

◆This programme is a unique initiative of Government of India to strengthen indigenous capabilities and boost ‘Make

in India’.

DRDO develops Advanced Chaff Technology for Indian Air Force

●Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh terms it another step of DRDO towards ‘AatmaNirbhar Bharat’

●The technology to safeguard fighter aircraft from hostile radar threats

●Given to the industry for production in large quantities

●Indian Air Force begins process of induction following completion of successful user trials

●Raksha Mantri terms it another step of DRDO towards ‘AatmaNirbhar Bharat’

●Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed an Advanced Chaff Technology to

safeguard fighter aircraft of the Indian Air Force (IAF) against hostile radar threats. Defence Laboratory Jodhpur, a

DRDO laboratory developed the advanced Chaff material and chaff cartridge-118/I in collaboration with High Energy

Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), a Pune based laboratory of DRDO, meeting qualitative requirements of

IAF.
●The Indian Air Force has started the process of induction of this technology after completion of successful user

trials.

●In today’s electronic warfare, survivability of fighter aircraft is of prime concern because of advancement in modern

radar threats. To ensure survivability of aircraft, Counter Measure Dispensing System (CMDS) is used which provides

passive jamming against Infra-Red and radar threats.

●Chaff is a critical defence technology used to protect fighter aircraft from hostile radar threats. The importance of this

technology lies in the fact that very less quantity of chaff material deployed in the air acts as decoy to deflect enemy’s

missiles for ensuring safety of the fighter aircraft.

●The technology has been given to the industry for production in large quantities to meet the annual rolling

requirement of the Indian Air Force.

●Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh has lauded DRDO, IAF and the industry for indigenous development of this

critical technology, terming it as one more step of DRDO towards ‘AatmaNirbhar Bharat’ in strategic defence

technologies. Secretary Department of Defence R&D and Chairman DRDO Dr G Satheesh Reddy congratulated the

teams associated with the successful development of this advanced technology that will further strengthen the Indian

Air Force.

INDUCTION CEREMONY OF RAFALE AIRCRAFT INTO 101 SQN

◆The Indian Air Force formally inducted Rafale aircraft into No. 101 Squadron at Air Force Station Hasimara in

Eastern Air Command (EAC) on 28 Jul 21.

◆Air Chief Marshal RKS Bhadauria PVSM AVSM VM ADC, Chief of the Air Staff presided over the induction

ceremony. On arrival, CAS was received by Air Marshal Amit Dev AVSM VSM, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief,

Eastern Air Command.

◆The event also included a fly-past heralding the arrival of Rafale aircraft to Hasimara followed by a traditional water

cannon salute.
◆Addressing the personnel during the induction ceremony, CAS said that the induction of Rafale had been carefully

planned at Hasimara; keeping in mind the importance of strengthening IAF's capability in the Eastern Sector.

Recalling the glorious history of 101 Squadron which bestowed upon them the title of 'Falcons of Chamb and

Akhnoor', CAS urged the personnel to combine their zeal and commitment with the unmatched potential of the newly

inducted platform. He said that he had no doubt that the Squadron would dominate whenever and wherever required

and ensure that the adversary would always be intimidated by their sheer presence.

◆101 Squadron is the second IAF Squadron to be equipped with Rafale aircraft. The Squadron was formed on 01

May 1949 at Palam and has operated Harvard, Spitfire, Vampire, Su-7 and MiG-21M aircraft in the past. The glorious

history of this Squadron includes active participation in 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pak wars.

Air warriors of Indian Air Force representing the Nation in Tokyo Olympics 2021

◆Indian Air Force is proud to announce the inclusion of five Air Warriors (four competing and one as a referee) in the

Indian contingent, after a gap of 25 years, for the upcoming Tokyo Olympics 2021 to perform, outshine and bring

medals for the country.

◆It is a matter of great pride for the warriors in blue to achieve such potentials to represent the National flag. IAF

Sports has made significant progress at the National and International arenas wherein talented Air Warriors have

shown their grit and determination, and have won medals at the Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, World Cups

and World Championships.

◆Over the years, IAF sportspersons have exhibited consistent improvement in their performance and there has been

an increase in the number of Air Warriors becoming part of national coaching camps for international tournaments.

MAROON BERET CEREMONIAL PARADE AT GARUD REGIMENTAL TRAINING

CENTRE AIR FORCE STATION CHANDINAGAR

◆An impressive Maroon Beret Ceremonial Parade (MBCP) was held on 17 July 2021 at Garud Regimental Training

Centre, Air Force Station Chandinagar to mark the successful completion of training of 69 Air Force Special Forces
Operatives (Garud). Air Commodore K Khajuria VSM, Air Commodore Operations (Offensive), reviewed the Passing

Out Parade as the Chief Guest of the event.

◆The Chief Guest awarded the coveted trophies to the meritorious trainees and presented the Maroon Beret, Garud

proficiency Badge and special forces tabs to successful Garud trainees. The best all rounder trophy was presented to

LAC Akhoka Muivah. In his address to the young Garud Commandos, the Chief Guest emphasised on the need for

the trainees to maintain high levels of professionalism. He also congratulated the training staff for their hard work and

exhorted them to keep the pennant flying high.

◆During the parade, the Garuds carried out demonstrations to showcase various skills such as Combat Firing Skill,

Hostage Rescue Firing Drill, Assault Explosives, Obstacle Crossing Drill, Wall Climbing/ Slithering/ Rappelling Skills &

Military Martial Arts.

◆Maroon Beret Ceremonial Parade is a moment of pride and achievement for Garuds, marking the culmination of

their training signifying transformation into 'Young Special Forces Operators'.

AF AND USN IN IOR
◆As a strategic outreach exercise with the defence forces of friendly foreign countries in the Indian Ocean Region

(IOR), Indian Air Force will participate in operational engagements with the US Navy in an exercise to be carried out

with Ronald Reagan Carrier Strike Group (CSG) on 23 and 24 Jun 21. The CSG is currently deployed in the IOR.

◆The Exercise in the AoR of Southern Air Command will see the IAF forces operate from bases under four

operational commands and will include Jaguars & Su-30 MKI fighters, AWACS, AEW&C and Air to Air Refueller

aircraft.

◆The US CSG is expected to field F-18 fighters and E-2C Hawkeye AEW&C aircraft. The exercise will be carried out

south of Thiruvananthapuram, on the western seaboard, over two days.

◆IAF has extensive experience in maritime operations in the IOR. This has been consolidated over the years by

conduct of exercises from the country’s island territories, including participation in International exercises.

◆The multi spectral capability of the IAF in IOR also includes HADR missions and logistics support undertaken in

support of friendly nations in the region. This engagement with the US CSG offers one more opportunity to undertake

joint operations in the maritime domain with a friendly foreign power.

◆The exercise with the US CSG will focus on multiple areas including enhancing aspects of interoperability, nuances

of international integrated maritime SAR operations and exchange of best practices in the maritime airpower domain.

What different types of jumps does the Indian Parachute Regiment perform?

LALO

◆LALO stands for Low Altitude, Low Opening Para jumping, also referred to as Static Line Jumping. In this

technique, soldiers typically exit the aircraft in sticks. There are 10-15 jumpers on each stick. The canopy opens

automatically within 3-4 seconds of landing in this hop.

◆Soldiers in LALO jump from 1500 to 5000 feet. They are in the air for 1 to 5 minutes, depending on the height from

which he jumps. Paratroopers must do five static-line jumps, three of which are day jumps, two of which are night

jumps, and one of which is with equipment, to gain the para-wings.

◆Soldiers use these HAHO and HALO para jumping to gain access to enemy positions. When an aircraft mayor

cannot travel over enemy airspace without escaping a surface-to-air missile, this entry is probable.

HALO

◆The abbreviation HALO represents high height low opening. Para jumping is a method in which soldiers open

their parachutes at the lowest altitude possible to avoid enemy detection. Low altitudes of 200 to 500 meters are

possible. The technique is also known as Combat Free Fall, and in this style of para jumping, the canopy usually

opens after soldiers have been free-falling for 2-3 minutes at a speed of more than 300 km/h.

◆Soldiers execute HALO when attempting to avoid being hit by a surface-to-air missile while flying over enemy

airspace. Due to their high-duty altimeters, the HALO jumpers must avoid radar detection and open as low as

possible. The jumpers must remain as close together as possible during the HALO para jumping. This is referred to

as tactical jumping.

◆The jumpers must use an oxygen tank and mask to stay alive during both the HAHO and HALO para jumping

events, as well as special clothing to avoid freezing.

HAHO

●HAHO stands for High Altitude, High Opening, and it necessitates a soldier jumping from heights of

12,000-15,000 feet. This approach is often used when the secrecy of any operation is jeopardized by the noisy noise

of a parachute opening at a low altitude. Within 10-15 seconds of jumping out of the plane, the canopy will open.

●This strategy is often used to airdrop soldiers from aircraft when aircraft are unable to travel over enemy skies

without presenting a danger to the jumpers. Soldiers can easily reach enemy lines in 20-30 minutes using HAHO

jumps since they can fly more than 50 kilometers under an open canopy.
SHORT NOTES

AN-32: Russian-made twin-motor turboprop medium strategic transport airplane with a group of five and a

payload limit of 39 paratroopers or 6.7 tons. It can cruise at a top speed of 530 km/hr.

AVRO: British-made twin-engine turboprop military transport and freighter with a maximum cruising speed

of 452 km/hr and a capacity of 48 paratroopers or 6 tonnes freight.

Boeing 737-200: The Boeing 737-200 is a twin-engine turbofan VIP passenger plane with a seating

capacity of up to 60 passengers. It was built in the United States. It will cruise at a top speed of 943 km/hr.

Cheetah: French-made single-engine turboshaft FAC/casevac helicopter capable of carrying three

passengers or 100 kg external sling loads. It has a top speed of 121 km/hr and can accelerate from zero to

one kilometer in four minutes.

Chetak: A single-engine turboshaft light utility helicopter from France with a seating capacity of six

passengers or a payload of 500 kilograms. Its top speed is 220 kilometers per hour.

C-17: The C-17 can carry a payload of 40-70 tons over a distance of 4200-9000 kilometers in a single hop.

C-130J: The C-130J can conduct para drops, heavy drops, and casualty evacuations, as well as operate

from short and semi-prepared surfaces. In August 2013, the C-130J was the heaviest aircraft to land at DBO.

Dornier: German-made twin-motor turboprop calculated air support work force transport airplane equipped

for shipping 19 travelers or 2057 kg of freight. It has a maximum velocity of 428 kilometers each hour.

EMBRAER: The primary function of this executive jet aircraft is to transport VVIPs and VIPs to locations

both within India and abroad. This aircraft is operated by the Air HQ Communication Squadron, which has a

spotless incident/accident-free record to date.

 IL-76: A Russian-made four-engine heavy-duty/long-haul military transport aircraft with a top speed of 850

km/hr. It has a twin 23 mm cannon in the tail turret and can transport 225 paratroopers or 40 tonnes of freight,

as well as wheeled and tracked armored vehicles.

Jaguar: Somewhat English French twin-motor single-seater profound infiltration assault airplane with a

maximum velocity of 1350 km/hr (Mach 1.3). It can carry two R-350 Magic CCMs (overwing) and 4750 kg of

external stores (bombs/fuel) and has two 30mm weapons.

MI-17 V5: The Mi-17 V5 is a powerful helicopter platform with cutting-edge avionics and glass cockpit

instrumentation. They have cutting-edge navigational equipment, avionics, weather radar, and NVG

compatibility.

MI-26: Russian-made twin-engine turboshaft military heavy-lift helicopter with a payload capacity of 20,000

kg and a carrying capacity of 70 combat-ready soldiers. It has a top speed of 295 kilometers per hour.

MI-25/MI-35: A twin-engine turboshaft attack and anti-armor helicopter with a four-barrel 12.7 mm rotary

gun in the nose barbette and up to 1500 kg of external ordnance, including Scorpion anti-tank missiles. It will

cruise at a top speed of 310 km/hr.

MiG-21 BISON: The IAF's backbone is the MiG-21 BISON, a single-engine, single-seater multirole

fighter/ground attack aircraft of Russian origin. It has a top speed of 2230 km/h (Mach 2.1) and is equipped

with a single 23mm twin-barrel cannon and four R-60 close combat missiles.

MiG-27: Russian-made single-engine, single-seat tactical strike fighter with a top speed of 1700 km/hr

(Mach 1.6). It has one 23 mm six-barrel rotary integral cannon and can externally hold up to 4000 kg of

armament.

MiG-29: Russian-made twin-engined single-seater air superiority fighter capable of reaching a top speed of

2445 km/h (Mach-2.3). It has a 17-kilometer battle ceiling. It is equipped with a 30 mm gun, four R-60

close-range radar-guided missiles, and two R-27 R medium-range radar-guided missiles.

 Mirage-2000: A solitary seater air guard and multi-job contender with a solitary motor fit for arriving at a

maximum velocity of 2495 km/hr (Mach 2.3). On outer stations, it has two 30 mm indispensable cannons, two

Matra very 530D medium-range rockets, and two R-550 wizardry II close battle rockets.

SU-30 MKI: Russian-made twin-seater twin-engine multirole fighter with a single 30mm GSH gun and 8000

kg external armament. It can carry a variety of medium-range guided air-to-air missiles with active or

semi-active radar, as well as close-range Infrared homing missiles. It can reach a top speed of 2500 km/hr

(Mach 2.35).

For Training purpose also, IAF replaced its old training Aircraft with the new one:

◆The Indian Air Force replaced its HT-2 primary trainers with the HPT-32 (Deepak), a new piston-engined

trainer that has been in use at the Basic Flying Training School in Allahabad and the Air Force Academy in

Dundigal since January 1988. After that, flight cadets go to the Air Force Academy in Dundigal for operational

training on the HJT 16 Kiran, first on the Mk. I/IA, then on the armed Mk II variant or the Polish origin Iskra.

Pilots are streamed to different conversion units after commissioning, depending on their range and

proficiency.

◆HAL HPT-32 Deepak

Future fighter pilots are assigned to operational conversion units (now known as the MOFTU or MIG

Operational Flying Training Unit), where they train on the MIG 21 for operational and tactical missions. Thus

are born the IAF's leaders and even potential spacemen, such as Sqn Ldr Rakesh Sharma, India's first

cosmonaut who flew with the Soviets in a joint space mission in 1984.

5 Latest Deals of Indian Armed Forces

●With a strength of about 1.4 million soldiers, the Indian Army is the world's largest standing army. Not only

that, but India is the world's largest importer of defence-related goods like weapons and ammunition. India

invests billions in its military to reinforce its forces and protect its borders. The new Indian defense deals are

listed below.

India-made Israeli Tavor X 95 rifles: Until now, Israeli Weapons Industry supplied India with Tavor X 95

shotguns (IWI). According to sources, these weapons are now manufactured in India and supplied to both

central and state powers.

83 new Tejas light combat aircraft by HAL:On February 3, India's Ministry of Defense granted Hindustan

Aeronautics Limited an agreement worth Rs 48,000 crore to supply the Indian Air Force with 83 light battle

airplane (LCA) Mk-1A planes, otherwise called Tejas contenders.

●In three years, the first Tejas LCA will be delivered to the Air Force. The remainder will be delivered in 2030.

●73 of the latest planes are Mk-1A fighter jets, and 10 are LCA Mk-1 trainer planes.

The Modern Radio Systems from Bharat Electronics for 1000 Cr:On February 8, the Indian Ministry of

Defence signed a contract with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) for the procurement of Software Defined

Radio Tactical (SDR-Tac) worth over 1,000 crores.

●The development and design of The Defence Research and Development Organisation's (DRDO), Weapons

and Electronics Systems Engineering Establishment (WESEE), BEL, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and

Robotics (CAIR), and the Indian Navy have teamed up to form SDR-Tac.

●The radio system is a four-channel, multi-mode, multi-band, 19-rack mountable, ship-borne design.

118 Arjun Mark-1A tanks worth ₹8,400 for the Indian Army:The Defence Ministry recently approved the

induction of 118 Arjun Mark-1A tanks into the Indian Army in December 2020. Their total worth is estimated to

be around Rs. 8,400 crores.

●The tanks are designed and manufactured in-house by the Defence Research and Development

Organisation (DRDO). This tank is a main battle tank from the third century. This means it has composite

armour and computer-stabilized fire control systems, allowing it to fire on the move and strike targets up to

2,000 meters away with a high first-hit chance.

●It has 72 more features than the previous edition.

●These 118 new Arjun tanks will join the Indian Army's existing fleet of 124 Arjun tanks, which are currently

stationed in the western desert along India's shared border with Pakistan.

A $200 million deal for the Israeli SPICE bombs:Although the majority of India's latest defense

procurement deals concentrate on keeping production in-house, some equipment is still imported. India has

signed a $200 million contract with Israel's Rafael Advanced Defense System, despite its attempts to sweep

the news under the rug.

◆The purchase of bomb guidance kits, anti-tank guided missiles, and software-enabled radios is part of this

agreement.

◆According to Jane's Defence Weekly, the tactical radios are unique to the Indian Army. The company has

declined to name the "Asian nation" that is its client, as stated in its press release from December 2020. And,

according to Indian military officials, the Indian Air Force used SPICE kits during the Balakot air attack.

Conclusion

◆The rivalry among the defense industry's private behemoths has ushered in a new age in which India will

produce its own weapons and shed its status as the world's largest arms importer. Make in India has had a

significant effect on private businesses, and it has resurrected the old India strategy in order to transition to a

new one. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's foreign trip, particularly his trip to Europe, was extremely beneficial

to the nation. In the defense sector, major shifts are occurring.

◆The contract is a win-win situation, and it allows the defense to make significant changes.