Life in Madina (622-632)A.

D
2nd Year of Hijrat (Notes pg1)
1. Zakat:
Zakat became obligatory “And spend of your substance in the cause of Allah and make not
your own hands contribute to your destruction but do good; for Allah loves those who do
good” (2:195)
2. Fasting:
Fasting also became obligatory in the same year “O believers! Fasting has been prescribed for
you as it was prescribed for those before you so that you may guard against sins”
3. Change of Qiblah:
Muslims used to pray with their faces turned to the Holy Temple at Jerusalem – order of Allah
came to face the Kaabah “We see the turning of your face to the heavens; now shall We turn
you to the Qiblah that shall please you. Turn then your face in the direction of the Sacred
Mosque; wherever you are turn your faces in that direction”
4. Jihad:
Permission was given to fight the enemies “Permission is given against those whom war is
made because they are wronged, verily Allah is able to help them.” (22:39)
5. Battle of Badr:
Causes:
i. First 13 years in Makkah – one enemy – Quraish of Makkah
ii. In Madina faced with three enemies, i.e Quraish, Jews and Hypocrites
iii. Permission was granted by Allah to wage a Holy war against the invaders – Muslims
were allowed to defend themselves against any kind of invasion “Fight in the way of
Allah who fight against you; but do not transgress, for God does not love the
transgressors.” (2:190)
iv. Abu Sufyan – trade caravan – travelling to Syria through the route of Madina – sent a
messenger to Makkah to escort him and provide protection as he feared that the
Muslims would raid his caravan – Abu Jahal got ready with 1000 troop army (700
camels and 200 horsemen) – Abu Sufyan change his route and reached Makkah – told
Quraish that he didn’t need the protection anymore – Abu Jahl refused to back down
and marched towards Madina.
v. Holy Prophet pbuh heard the news – made preparations
Events of the Battle:
 Safar 2 A.H – permission to fight was already granted by Allah
 17th Ramadan – start of 624 A.D
 Decision was made to fight the Quraish outside of Madina – 313 men – best warriors – 2 to
3 horses and 70 camels – ill equipped – 60-person army arrow troop
 Quraish reached Badr (130km from Madina) and camped there and took custody of all the
resources and left one water well for the Muslims
 Muslims reached Badr – ground was sandy – Prophet pbuh prayed to Allah for help –
heavenly rain – made the ground smooth
 Individual combat – sent some from ansar and some from Muhajirin – Quraish refused and
said Ansar are not up to their level - Holy Prophet pbuh selected 3 Muhajirins (Hazrat Ali
R.A, Hazrat Hamza R.A, Hazrat Ubaida R.A) who fought with 3 pagans (Utba, Shyaba, Walid)
Muslims were victorious
 Both armies started to fight – Prophet pbuh prayed to Allah as they were low in number –
ref “O Allah! If this band of Muslims is perished, there will be no one on earth to worship
 you.”(Sahih Bukhari) – Prayer granted – help of angels came - ref “Remember when you
cried out to your Lord for help, He answered, “I will reinforce you with a thousand angels
—followed by many others.” (3:13)
 Prophet pbuh threw a hand full of dust at the army – Quraish got scared, Muslims faith got
stronger – ref “It is not you who slew them; it was Allah. When you thrust, it was not your
act but Allah’s…” (8:17)
 Abu Jahal killed by Abdullah Ibn Masud – 70 killed – 70 captured – victory to Muslims – ref
“Indeed, Allah made you victorious at Badr when you were ˹vastly˺ outnumbered. So be
mindful of Allah, perhaps you will be grateful”. (3:123)
 Youm ul Furgan “Day of Distinction” – ref “And know that whatever thing you gain, a fifth
of it is for Allah and for the Messenger and for the near of kin and the orphans and the
needy and the wayfarer, if you believe in Allah and in that which We revealed to Our
servant, on the day of distinction, the day on which the two parties met; and Allah has
power over all things.
 Kind treatment to captives – released on soft terms
Old and Children were released, rich must pay jizya for their freedom, poor can teach 10
Muslim kids for a specific period

Aftereffects/ Importance/ Significance

6. Banu Qunaiqa:
 First Jew tribe to break the treaty – A woman from the Ansar of Madinah went to the shop of a
Jewish jeweler to buy something; her face was covered. The Jews tried to make her open her face;
however, the woman insisted on having her face covered. Meanwhile, a Jewish person secretly
attached a thorn to the bottom part of her dress. When the woman stood up to leave, her dress was
pulled and her legs were seen. The Jewish people who were there started to laugh at her. The
woman screamed. When a Muslim who was passing by heard the scream, he intervened to help
the woman. The Muslim and the Jew started to fight. The Muslim killed the Jew. Then, the other
Jews who were there swooped down on the Muslim and martyred him. (1) Thus, blood was shed
between Jews and Muslims. The ones that caused the incident were the Jews. They violated the
treaty by acting against the promises that they had made.
 Prophet pbuh called them to Islam again – they again refused by mocking him
 Prophet laid siege for 15 days
 Jews finally surrendered
 Expelled from Madina to Damascus