JIS Sin NAM UJ COLLEGE NO-3N FATS lim 7s? 4 4x yo a | Flor Tim S64) tim . - 90 got ST ets dad tun 0 (by, [5 om] om (4 S)6=5) tim . r9S WHS) Tyg g (SHS Ig| al el Solution Ma al to Mathematics 1 [i= Bi beeen re WD tit aay fade bed tm i= Ean y v- lun (9-225) hm ity= i gai lim 242 2_ lim xix +3)— 109 2 xol “rol @FD@-H lim (x12) _ lim y#2 142 3 “yo 1G NF T x9 141 THT 0 Be r [on fim x63) Mr=3) tim (v= Iyr=3) 4-9 1Q=2)=1G=2) x (tim 43 aa tim x43 lim yo 3 PFR 33 5G tim #3 lim ro -SRF OPH 9 -BNFT tim oy, fabs jot Clim 7 89 tis + 3) 3) _ fim xo3 GH x93 YO=-3) 4x33 3. Evaluate ay lim afx=3 by tim Vera? O va9 rnd vans to im te @ “| a = xo 03re4-2 xo r3—2 «6 16 py lim Vr R-3 Noa Bre4—4 (vat var (lim Bazan Fa hy fim Be =vBe=a SY yoa Mena poe fea ty im sexes . v2 Yr a—4 Solution lim Ye~3 (vy yd(e) (dd te) a ae Limit and Continuity 09 ff Mel w4q #2) 2 ¥ 4) CRT lim 0 “(fers tin “Wa Wis) tara Jia Fat mo Berd 2 3 of] tim ; Jy ne oS NBT 42 2lim Iv QGee4 +2) im TOf3x +4 +2) area, N3B044 420290 Reed dy 3 SifinoFT 43 i tim. 0 x1 fpdap [ce] lim x- a! “S- lim (x=) O/x+3 +2) 47 it 3-2" Veeder | ede IN (VeF 3+ 2) =YTF3 2-24 204 4 lim Gaaaedy Yea es tim O44 4) (Yea +4) tod Breda4 firedog asd 3+ 4-16 (aay a) (RTI +4) in (x4) QGrera +g x4 4) 4 3 lim fx #83 [ fon] yor Net tin FB 3 YEE “york tl eg 43 9 t+ him xd im yo Tint Qe hea) 89-1 DOS e+) lim ts = tirn al=1 © sort yee tS SHES VETTE 3 tim Bana yr a yoa A (r=a) lim = you ia lim va) = Trane) s9a 4 (xa) (YBa tra) =I lim faa) “Ene aia xo 2 him v2. ya Ve ." Sh gov Vr iad lim (a(S =a) (Ya 44) tim re 2 Rat (oem) 2 ga eV) Him’ 20° =4) (fi +4) WETB+4) 16 ace IGN) 2eys-2 4. Evaluate ay tio tim ea 0) 92 fim ©) Oey Solution lim @ US pin | ose! [ lim x va = Su! b lim u. by [5 iorm _ lim lim im t+ 16) Or “x92 x-2 x2 ox- “x2 z elim Ga? 16) #4) (x 2) 92) Lim x32 (x= 2) = yg OF 16) (#4) (+ 2) (2+ 16)(24 +4)(2+2)=32 x8 = 4= 1024 Alt tively: (c)Limit and Continuity 5 fin at oa ei fin ay Oto Yin ft vse att rion Tw ys Th oy xoande ed os inn] Diving both number and dlenomenator by x? e 142d S hin xX Bp oelhd v x'N fm dy? O, vow 3 +2 HT iG orm] F won dy Dividing both numerator and denominator by x7 Bates 142 1,4. tim YEA im xO Es oro-0 9, er ao 4 lim soon VS T=) (2 = 2 form) lim Yost ioyo veri + ye ron 1 veel inls tim yx(xv+ 1~x) sve fealty viding hoth numerator, and denominator by him i yon fee Vox *! lim L wr i \flecel x6 Solution Mai Dividing both the numerator and denominator by» tw PEL im [VE yom] wT [ox 1 fim li oo fe Fand NY £09 = 3 6 ISO Solution Given, fe ho lim axth s0x a0+b_ ow, Nort" b= lism Again. toed =3 lim ax+b Solution lim jim Hes xl x-l rok on, Wm GPa Dats lim iy Gis ket rl xl "7 yok (e- klix +k) tim @= Not ErH Keke R Syl x= RFE on, NUP EN 3p or,Limit and Continuity 1 Whiel of the fallow i v s wf why n= wy rhe Ans: Options a,b & care indeterminate form but J 1s not indeterminate form jim i I 2 Suppose UN fey =2and ON gO) =3. Then Ih Pls gla) = @) 2 bh) 3 i (ce) -6 wd) 0 lim jin Aim lim 3% p32 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 WW) 4 Ans: d lim a 2a4 lim 4 tro” w 2 . 1 3 Ans: xa xa (a) a’! (b) na” (c) aa"! (a) (a= Da" Ans: € Formula lim y>3x-3 3 ib) 6 {cy 9 (dy 12 6. Any: b nye 3) +3) im lim tim x= 3) 3) _ ciiypninde w-3) vod xo3y (b) 2 (a) I i wo 4 @ 4 Ans: b - lim x(x=3)+ Mx -3) fw de ™ 3 xQX=3)= 1K) yoaenantd . lim (x=HO4D r30-3)8- 1)8 Solution Manual to Maithen 8 53 (by 7 we) w 3ve Aas: b linn yoas g, tim Yet tot x0 x \ 1 t @ 5 (b) 3 l 1 = Oy W) g Ans: a lim x4 l=! yo0 8 ; tim fein Verdot, tim _xetet__ lm tas Hyd eee tO Rafer et) FOOTIE lim) 1 = 3ax_ We vod wa? L (a) 2 ) wi @ 4 Ans: b tim | =V3=x xo? x2 lim l-¥ gos. lim 72 l+3-x T72¢x _ tim I Ans: iim - lim. > a+ yon 3 4 lim _ 12. Veta j@ 0 i ¢ wt () aLimit and Continuity 9 i q tim etna fern tye tim cee 1, von NPRM ETM PE tte ay im an s0-then n (a) 2 tb) 3 ae : ny ms iid . a lim i. \ function f(x) is said to be an infinitesimal as x > aii foe a) 0 (b) a (ce) ot (d) doesn’t exist ey Definition Whe) Up) Evaluate the following limits (I~ 22): bx lim s x30 Solution tim sm by 0 tig sb [Zr] lim sin bx om, (Te *») lyb=b fim tan 2. 4 . x70 x Solution lim tan 5x x90 x lim “v0 Alternative method lim tansy lim) tansy roa x ro Xk «s)=tas lim sin 4 3% ya si Solution lim sindy 0 wm ae [fo] in 4x hin x him yo 0] Sin de wT im x30 sin 4 sin ax |10 Solution Manual to Mathematics 1 Him tan my yoy 0 tinny Solution tan nny ay tiny wana po In x} itm fs m Vim tan ay yo 0 sin by Solution tim any ro hm Stim as 8 a y > Osin by — 0 sin bx eb labob lim tan (v=) vob wb Solution i ee [Bo] lim tan(=b)_ lim fan (xb) Him x > bh (X= b)(x tb) hob x-b yobxth 1 1 pol eh dh lim sin av cos bx yod taney Solution lim sinay eos be yd taney itn aN in tum costs) “tim acosbx) 1 a cost ~yo0 tan Fxo0 tan cx te x xf lim 2y + sin 6x x90 sin Sv—sin 3x Solution lim sin 2x sin 6x 0 tm sesesanes [Reo] sin 2x + sin 6x sin 2x, SiNOX him x _ tim 2x oS +0 | SinSx—sin 3x | yO] sinSx 5 sin 3x 3N) lim (tan 3x= 2. Wy (Sees 2x Solution lim tan 3x= 2x. 90 3e—sin 2x yFimitand Continuity 11 10, v0) Solution han aA 2 Him tan x~ sin aa Se-Bit xo x Solution 12. Here, fim tane~ sina oF [o sina fin (se) fim (siny=sinxcosxj)_/im sins (L=cosx} x30 x90 Neose 90 fine ing 2a 2 _ fim x90 Seuss ro fan® sn fim sin ro0 3 fim sind voug” 3. tana Solution fim se reond tan = | fim 4 tan’ y yoalt fn von fim) (tan x +1) an x= 1) yond tiny lx (any =H x 3 tany i ends bert l=?Solution Manual to Mathematics Ht 1a, BE cay my cos rey Solution lim — gos rey _ tim roy 16. Solution lim 0. aS [fe] lim voy lum yoy lim xtan@-@ tan, v8 8 Solution fim a tan @=C1un x ; i¢ oe [Fon] hm stan d= Gtun +O tan6—Otany tim 1-70 x0 x30 Sune » Gano an 8) wm fanoe sin sin ~— a ee x3 (aed wos jLimit and Continuity 13 Sim | specs ceas sins) Jun sin (=) " tino tm psm@=s) 8a - fo fan OT Set cath” NOM sec! en A lim ysin =O sin yoo x=0 lution fim ysin =O siny rr Lo toc ens ys f [i] fin xsind 0 sind +0 sind =0 sin von x-0 - im an ve ae ham soo |" sin fin od 0+ *) =D, Ff sno -0 a ya 2 = og sind = 20 en =sin ~0 cos [i] cos. __ fim x cos = 0 cos 8+ 8 cos roo 1-0 _ fim {aps Py(oos0- eso} ‘sn zane it) (2) a fewo * hn +0 cy} c0s 0+ 20 sin &®) lim (xv ty) sec (v ty) =x scex = cos 0 + Osin 0, 20. roo Solution fim (x4 vYsee(x + vi=nseex 0 yoo + G fre 2) him x see (x ty) ty see (x typ N see 8 yoo y Im Po sfsce (x+y) = see! eau [« wey z14 Solution Manual to Mathematies 1 gS ol wey tn SAR Ty yoo ; woe ya AM 8 foo yeasty Lyf yd “yen eeoss oy) yn eye fm resin (AS) sin} p Eo gee x bet x 50 x sees y~> 0 cos x ens (x hy) HEN og ies lim , nea Solution lim cos = sind 0 , tn, 8 [Fo “4 viene -Fon) Clim tim STAR 2 Bo hx a Te, Qt no 0- Solution lim sinx "ee ant tu] oe ORO Yenke oi ver fen 2 ree (S52) OS deos ( re xe JOE 1 Fre oseLimit and Continuity 15 hi ttl 75 . ves Solution tim : yoo tun +70 s lim Zt 2 25, eu x30 4 Solution tim +0 im “x30 x 26, lim tog v0 7 Solution lim tog. (1+ x0 e=T log. (1 +x) tim “x30 lim tog. (1 + 5x) roo 2x Solution lin fox (1+ 53) son ved Bs afm lim flog (1+ 5x) & roo RR 2 5 2 lim og Bo ods Solution in yd yO x log. b= lon ()\G Soluti MHlon Manual (oy Mathematics H ay, tim yh yh vou = Solution . Win yh ys 0 oo [ie] ‘i dmg 5 jn joa 24-7 J Seed lim hate =U vo . cord E goat 2 ‘ a Joy 8 Iopedt= top, 22 tog 9 toe. BH () — Objective Questions oo cs ieee tim yay yee @ 0 (by 1 1 WF a) 2 Any: by fim yop Qeesxe cos d= > lim tand * e200” \ w 0 ib) > 2 © 3 ww) Ans: d lim tang tim sind 0-0 0 0-+0c0s0.0 _ tim sing gs 0U 0 eosd 3 yt 5 « 180 1s0 Oo wo Aas: b fim sins’ yoo 8 1 7 fu x90 -k 180 TGand Continuity 17 200 ay uo Beet 200” 300 vo Osin bx b a (ay 2 () 5 tc) @ (d) b Any: b lim sin ax Oe ee [Ben] sinax lim ax" “30 Sinbx bx” lim) 1—cos 2x Lecos 2x _ xo0 x 1 fa) 2 o) 5 3 i (3 (@) 5 ass a lim |=cos2x_ lim 2 rao 130 3 tim sinxy? voor) > 2 mg", sag = 1, the angle @ is measured in (a) degree (b) grade (radian (d) none Ans: 6 lim 8. yay, (seer tana) = am oo (b) 1 2 (d) 4 Ans: : we (see x tan x) [> = form] lim | fam x)(seex + tans) im 1d dy vas, see v4 fans “ys seex # tan x x x sec + tan 5Solution Manual to Mathematics lim %. “ (bh) 6 fe) = u i (oe Ams: © « tan cox im janes tim fo ay a y>Osinfy 10] Tan pn \ h ix By tp tim a "x sm tanky > (a) 2 {b) 1 0 (d) ; Ans: d lim | +cos x lim | +cosx osx tim von tanty “y+x tax “T—cosx” = him __ sin? lim _cos? x Noon SEX |, xonT=cosx 1 Fosry (1 605 x) 1, __ lim sin ¢os x x0) . (a) 3 (b) 1 1 © 4 (d) 0 Ans: ¢ lim sinxcosx_ lim sin x cos i ke 3 x90 Gy x30 3x (b) 1 (d) doesn't exist (b) 2 (d) 0 Ans: h . lim eX=t_ lim ii 'S x0 >0 palana M4 (a) 0 (b) 1 () 2 (4 Ans: lim e’=x=1_ lim yo 8 70 cas 0=tims Vimitand Continuity 19 15. aed woo log tb) 3 (ec) Woo tus: inn v9 tog: 8 to HM Tage X->1x-1 @ 0 ! (by > w 4 f ce) 3 (do Any: do lim logx lim loses Hy tim Jog ex ap le h xo x-130 x~1 ~ ‘7 lim sin. “xe a fa) 1 (b) <1 &) 0 @) 2 Ans: ¢ Put v =t ? Then, asx 2, y =» 0) J oy 1. Find the I fim yoo fn l »oxsing=0 XERCISE — 1.(C)| pits at the points specified. fave 2 fore 20 @ fer & forx<0 atw=0 3torx 21 wy) soe { forv3 tim 4M function f(x) is defined by foxy = £ 5°73 for veg Mem flx)= fay $ (b) 7 we) 0 (d) 3 Anse22 Solution Manual to 6 oatpaye Nt SiEN Mathematics H 2 von ere ere TO) ‘oF yt wo Tay the trmit dest eit ite Mane Maven waar rrtten Me nat= leaensied 2-81 LHL 2 RTL So, timat oes na exist lim vo IN (a) 0 iy) (2 (d) the Lint doesn’t exist Ans: a Let x) = Il ; xite20 We have, {3 eee, Clim tim Lt MG De ag gr ONTO linn tiny RHL= ytd yo hee By tjent (a) 0 wt (c) 2 (4) _ the limit dovsit exist Ans: d Let 8) =] _ of xclifx-120 hityet Wehave ls H= 4 (¢=1ifx=1<0 {. = Wits lion lim : Fy lim Hina a Oy ct! LHL 2 RMU “Thus limit does not exist yim 9% yay teed (a) (bh) =» ) 0 (dy Ans: b bm aya tim MAI gg MAM) tim Jin = ho0 U-W-t ho”Limit and Continuity 23 SC the continuity or disens © continuity Hiscontinuity of the following tunetions at the points specified, (a) fees TINt2 ately foyeT=staty—o (SAP zr atr=0 () f)=——~atwat Co) Si) = yates (say roy PW, x-1 Solution (a) Lefitthand himit atx = 1 es, lim moog : CoP WA OBIE Mea e142 =6 Right hand limit at x = 1 is lim lim tor a OFAN FDA EB KL ED=C Hence rixyane ty are ey yy Modan 5 xp are finite and equal So. a fix) exists and ay tix) =6 Also, RIV= P43 > 162=6 . lim eal fix) = 11) Hence thx) is continuous atx =f (by) Left hand limit atx > Gis im im roy W=, py ta) ET a=? Right hand limit at y = 0is lim hin voor hong ti yang lg ew Hence, oy g-fisdand gs Hs) are finite and equal fin Thus, y- A) = Also, (0) =7-0°=7 lim Rx = 0) Thus, f(a) is cont ous aby = 0. () left hand limit at x = 0 is tim fim > or AX fim: ie ~ IUx) does not exast x30 4x So. fx) 18 not continuous at x = 0 Alternative method 1 hO= 797 ie 10) does not exist So, fix) is not continuous ax =O24 Solution Manual to Mathematics 1 i (A Here, fey) LEA) does not exist So, fix) is not continuous at x= 1 Here, yy = hy. x23 Let x =a where a2 Left hand Hinit Right hand limit = Functional value = f(a) = LALL= RAL So, f(s) 18 continuous a x #3. a) Left hand limit at x = = 2 As lim tim +2559 Right hand limit at x = 2 is Hin tim x’=4_ tim (x= 2) (x4 2) i cere od at wey S oy x-2 . eurie LLL = RAL ie. 9 He) evists v-4 0 Functional value = (2)= = =G whieh is an indeterminate form, Hence f(x) is diseontinvons atx=2 (= vet <5 G which is an indeterminate form So, ch is Hoon ax=l 2, Are the following fun continuous at the points mentioned? when x42 a) fy when x43 oy £09 #3 ces x gax-6 SAT tees ©) fea) * iige wt f ifx=3 Solution {a) Left hand Himit at x= lim _ tim lim. te iy6e4.95 ti py AYE gor x eg Se Loe ght ba Kit t X= 2is . ‘m Him (x= 2) +2 ! SaB6+2) lis * pA ee 2 PAE ee Sa (x42) hin im ; Nedsong pronee 5 Ny Hr anal «9° MO) a inte and uaLimit and Continuity him hin oy Mavesistsand Oy tly ed Also 2) 4 han 5H) Hence fis} 1s continuous ats hin tin hin x(y=3) im hy at yay — ; hin him x= 3) RI te 2 34 2v for-Bee<0 3 i Md) fO)=)3-2v for Sw < > (I atw= 0 (ii)aty= 3 -3-2vforx25 Solution lim ay LL ft, — lim tim RUT Riga tt WF 4 Functional value = 1) = 2 him tin po Phe Sp for) So. fx)1s continuous at x= 126 (hy te) dd (a) (b) Solution Manual to Mathematics 1 tin im age ryege2eite is Hs tae es eine 2 finn im Ny 3 RAL Metter Uae egyeae2esey tim jin More, ya NDF gy yt MN) So, 109) 18 discontinuous at x= 2 When = 2, f12)=3 tin lim wisi Again, oy pe AMY gee (k= I) 2 x 2= a rn v7 OR peat 8 tim x2 fee} Here, ee FQ) =13)=3 So, the given function ffx) is continuous at x = 2. Atx=0 lim Pyoo him Ye yg B— 2x) 3-2 *0 (3+ 2x)=3 42% 053 Aina? A=} lim him 3 LL 5g AS gy yyy Bo 2x) 3-250 lim tims ge gay RIL ay ap NDE yy gy 3-28) = - 3-25 LULeRUL So. fis} 1s discontinuous at x => Find the points of discontinuity of the following f Ets (a) fe) (b) FO) Here. tx) = ‘The function f(x) will not be defined and hence discontinuous at the points where the denominator is 0, Here, tix) = 5 ‘The function f(x) will not be defined and hence disconti denominator is 0 ie -3x+2=0 or Xi-2x-x+2=0, or, M(¥=2)- (x2) =0 or, S(X=2)=1(s-2)=0 or, (X= 1)(X-2)=0 = 12 Jous at the points where theLimit and Contin Beteemine they alve af the the point me MLN, sat etiom is comtinwon CONSTI so that the given fu CO Fey y tees niwed & ifye3 Uoirye2 () Foy Jet XS awe vet itys2 (poy GES ites , Teay ity Solution x ‘ weet (a) When y= 3.3) 2 Verify that the limit of the function exists atx huous at ¢> 22 Sate how you can make it con follows rn) Is the function continu