Geography: Chapter: Resource and Development
Geography class 10
To be done in Register
Q1.Why is ‘Resource Planning’ necessary? Give reasons.
Ans. Planning is necessary for proper and judicious utilisation of resources.
Reasons for resource planning:
• Resource availability is not the same in all parts of the country.
• Resources, especially non-renewable resources, need extra care as they Cannot be renewed.
• There is acute shortage or deficiency of some resources.
• Resource planning helps in proper utilisation of resources by reducing wastage. It takes care of future
needs and may sustain the environment.
Q2. “ India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.” Name four varied regions to justify this
statement.
Ans. There are regions which are rich or self-sufficient in certain types of resources and there are areas that
are deficient or have acute shortage of some vital resources.
For example:
• The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.
• Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.
• Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.
• The cold desert area of Ladakh has very rich cultural heritage. It is deficient in water, infrastructure
and some vital minerals.
Such cases call for balanced resource planning at different levels.
Q3. Highlight any three problems associated with the indiscriminate use of resources by the human beings.
Ans. The indiscriminate use of resources by the human beings has resulted in the following :
(i) Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
(ii) Accumulation of resources in few hands which has divided the society into rich and poor or
have and have nots.
ii) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as global warming,
ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.
Q4. Write a note on the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992.
Ans. (a) Place: In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil for the first
International Earth Summit.
1. Objective: The Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection
and socio-economic development at the global level.
2. Achievements : (i) The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and
Biological Diversity. (ii) The Rio convention endorsed the Global Forest Principles and adopted
Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
Q5. Explain Agenda 21.
Ans. (i) Declaration : It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) which took place at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
(ii) Aims :
(a) It aims at achieving global sustainable development.
(b) It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global cooperation on
common interest, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.
(c)One major objective of the Agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its
own local Agenda 21.
Q6. Explain the three stages of Resource Planning in India.
Ans. Three stages of Resource Planning in India are as given below :
1. Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves
surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of
resources.
2. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional
set up for implementing resource development plans.
3. Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.
To be pasted in Register:
NOTES: Classification of Resources
Resources can be classified in the following ways:
(a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable
(c) On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international
(d) On the basis of the status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves
(a) On the Basis of Origin – Biotic and Abiotic
Biotic Resources are obtained from the biosphere and have life.
Eg: Human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called
abiotic resources.
Eg: rocks and metals.
(b) On the Basis of Exhaustibility – Renewable and Non-Renewable
The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical
processes are known as Renewable Resources. The renewable resource may further be
divided into continuous or flow.
Eg: Solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc.
Non-Renewable Resources occur over a very long geological time. These resources take
millions of years in their formation. Some of the resources, like metals, are recyclable and
some, like fossil fuels, cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.
Eg: Minerals and fossil fuels.
(c) On the Basis of Ownership – Individual, Community, National and International
Individual Resources are owned privately by individuals. In villages, people own lands,
whereas in urban areas, people own plots, houses and other properties.
Eg: Plantation, pasture lands, ponds, water in wells etc.
Community Owned Resources are accessible to all the members of the community.
Eg: Grazing grounds, burial grounds, public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds etc.
National Resources are owned by a nation or country. All the minerals, water resources,
forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area up to 12 nautical miles
(22.2 km) from the coast are termed territorial water, and resources therein belong to the
nation.
Eg: Roads, canals, railways etc.
International Resources are regulated by international institutions. The oceanic resources
beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no
individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.
(d) On the Basis of the Status of Development – Potential, Developed Stock and
Reserves
Potential Resources are the resources which are found in a region but have not been utilised.
Eg: Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar
energy, but so far, these have not been developed properly.
Developed Resources: Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have
been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and the
level of their feasibility.
Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human
beings do not have the appropriate technology to access are called stocks.
Eg: Hydrogen can be used as a rich source of energy. But we do not have advanced
technology to use it.
Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing
technical ‘know-how’, but their use has not been started. These can be used to meet future
requirements.
Eg: Water in the dams, forests etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future.
