ENGLISH NOTES

SET-II

IDIOMS, PHRASAL VERBS,

PREPOSITIONAL FILLING, ESSAYS,
COMMON ERROR

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 IDIOMATIC PHRASES

1. A bed of roses Those who think that life is a bed of roses, live in a fool’s paradise.
2. A bone of contention Kashmir is a bone of contention between India and Pakistan.
3. Above board His honesty is above board.
4. A child’s play It is not a child’s play to pass the degree examination.
5. A drawn match The match resulted in a drawn match as nobody won.
6. A fish out of water A true scholar is like a fish out of water when he is away from library.
7. A jailbird He is a jailbird and seldom remains outside the prison.
8. A man of letters This is a world of science but a man of letters has his own place.
9. A man of straw He is a man of straw and cannot face opposition.
10. A narrow escape Yesterday, he had a narrow escape from a serious accident.
11. Add fuel to fire His speech added fuel to fire and the factory workers went on strike.
12. Add insult to injury He called him a thief and added insult to injury by saying that his
father was a cheat.
13. After one’s own heart He furnished his house after his own heart.
14. Again and again If you do this exercise again and again, you will master it.
15. All at sea The candidate was all at sea and could not answer a single question.
16. All in all The president is all in all in this organization.
17. All and sundry All and sundry attended the religious ceremony.
18. an apple of discord Their father’s property is an apple of discord among the brothers.
19. An axe to grind He is selfish and will not help anyone unless he has an axe to grind.
20. An oily tongue Beware of his oily tongue as he befools others.
21. A fair-weather friend He proved a fair-weather friend when he refused to help me.
22. A wet blanket Everyone avoids his company as he is a wet blanket.
23. At a stone’s throw My college is at a stone’s throw from my house.
24. At an arm’s length You must keep the bad boys at an arm’s length.
25. At daggers drawn The two brothers are at daggers drawn since the death of their father.
26. At large A murderer is at large in the town; beware of him.
27. At the eleventh hour The public meeting was cancelled at the eleventh hour because of
sudden change in weather.
28. At once He changed his attitude at once.
29. At a stretch It rained here yesterday at a stretch.
30. At sixes and sevens He left the room at sixes and sevens and went out.
31. A wild goose chase Search for the lost child without the help of police proved a wild
goose chase.
32. An apple of one’s eyes Being the only son of his parents; he is an apple of their eyes.
33. Bad debt The debt is not likely to be paid and, thus, consider it a bad debt.
34. Bag and baggage I shall be very happy when you get out of my house with bag and
baggage.
35. Be taken aback He was taken aback at the sudden change in price.
36. Be taken in He was taken in by the cunning merchant.

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37. Beat about the bush You are wasting my time by beating about the bush; tell me plainly
what you want./Don’t beat about the bush and come to the point.
38. Beat black and blue He was beaten black and blue by some robbers.
39. Beat the air He merely beat the air, for nobody listened to what he said.
40. Better half The husband had full confidence in his better half.
41. Bird of passage He will not settle down at one place, for he is a bird of passage.
42. A bird’s eye view He took a bird ‘s eye view of the building.
43. A black sheep A black sheep spoils the whole lot.
44. Blow one’s own trumpet He does not listen to anyone but blows his own trumpet.
45. Blow hot and cold He is strange as he blows hot and cold at the same breath.
46. A blue stocking She is a blue stocking and is highly respected.
47. A bolt from the blue The death of his only son proved for him a bolt from the blue.
48. Bottleneck The new policy turns out to be a bottleneck for the company.
49. Bread and butter These days, everyone thinks more of his bread and butter than
anything else.
50. Break the ice We sat silent when one of us broke the ice and we started talking.
51. Break the news He died in an accident and no one had the courage to break the news
to his mother.
52. Bring home to His forceful speech brought home to us the true meaning of
democracy.
53. Bring to book Crime will decrease if the offenders are brought to book quickly.
54. Bring to light His misdeeds have been brought to light.
55. A broken reed I asked for his help but he proved a broken reed.
56. Build castles in the air Do something in practical instead of building castles in the air.
57. Burn mid-night-oil He burnt mid-night-oil and got first division in M.A.
58. Burn the candle at both ends He burnt the candle at both ends after the death of his father.
59. Bury the hatchet Let us bury the hatchet and be friends again.
60. A burning question The Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan is a burning
question.
61. By and by He does not agree with me now, but I hope to convince him by and by.
62. By dint of Ibrahim succeeded by dint of hard work.
63. By and large He has many flaws but he is a good fellow by and large.
64. By fair or foul means She is determined to win by fair or foul means.
65. By fits and starts Those who work by fits and starts seldom succeed in life.
66. By hook or by crook The state of Israel wants to expand itself by hook or by crook.
67. By leaps and bounds He is making progress by leaps and bounds.
68. By all means He wants to go there by all means.
69. Call a spade a spade It takes real courage to call a spade a spade.
70. Call in question Many doctors called the efficiency of this medicine in question.
71. Call names The little boy began to weep when his playmate called him names.
72. Call to account The principal called the mischievous student to account, and fined
him.

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73. Call to mind Before doing any favour; call to mind his cruel attitude
74. Carry the day With his forceful speech, he carried the day and won the first prize.
75. Carry weight His arguments do not carry weight.
76. Cast aside The project for building a new college was cast aside for want of
funds.
77. Cast a spell His forceful speech cast a spell on the audience.
78. Cast a slur upon She cast a slur upon the fair name of her family with her wicked
deeds.
79. A Cat and dog life Both husband and wife are leading a cat and dog life.
80. Cheek by jowl The master and the slave sat cheek by jowl on the prayer rug.
81. Cock and bull story No intelligent person will believe your cock and bull stories.
82. Come of age He will come of age next year.
83. Come to blows They came to blows over the distribution of gold.
84. Come to light His crimes came to light at last.
85. Come to grief She came to grief at the sorrowful sight of the disaster.
86. Come to terms I came to terms with my old friend.
87. Compare notes The two friends compared notes over new education policy.
88. Crocodile tears He is shedding crocodile tears over the death of his rival.
89. A cry for the moon His desire to buy a motor is nothing but a cry for the moon.
90. Cry over spilt milk It is useless to cry over spilt milk.
91. Cut a sorry figure He cut a sorry figure in the examination.
92. Dance attendance on You will not dance attendance on your master.
93. A dark horse She proved a dark horse and secured the first position.
94. Dead letter This custom is now a dead letter here.
95. Die in harness Mr.Jinnah died in harness.
96. Double faced One cannot trust a double-faced person.
97. End in smoke He tried his best to save himself from ruin but all his efforts ended in
smoke.
98. Eat one’s words He ate his words and refused to admit the reality.
99. An eyewash His expression of grief at the death of his rival is only an eyewash.
100. Face the music She had to face the music for her misdeeds.
101. Fall to work They fell to work the moment they came home.
102. Fall a prey to He fell a prey to the bait by the enemy.
103. Fall short of He fell short of money and could not continue his studies.
104. Fall back upon They fall back upon candles in case of breakdown.
105. Fall flat My advice fell flat on him.
106. Feather one’s nest The rulers do nothing but just feather their nests.
107. Few and far between Your visits tour are few and far between.
108. Find fault with One cannot please one who is bent upon finding fault with everything.
109. First and foremost It is our first and foremost duty to be sincere with our country.
110. Fish in troubled water To fish in troubled water is an evil passion.

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111. Flesh and blood To collect wealth is in the flesh and blood of a man.
112. For good He has sold all of his property and has left this city for good.
113. French leave He is on a French leave as he left the office without informing his
officer.
114. From hand to mouth A poor man lives from hand to mouth on his little salary.
115. Get rid of Get rid of bad friends.
116. Get wind of He got wind of the intrigues against him.
117. Gift of the gab A teacher should have the gift of the gab to communicate his ideas.
118. Give and take Most of the disputes can be settled if the parties adopt a give and take
policy.
119. Give oneself airs He gives himself airs on his knowledge of English.
120. Give vent to She gives vent to her feelings in tears.
121. Go through We have not gone through the matter yet.
122. Go to pieces Once, he was a successful man but now he has gone to pieces.
123. Go to dogs He is spending his money foolishly and will soon go to dogs.
124. Grease the palm He greased the officer’s palm to get the job.
125. Half-heartedly He is working half-heartedly in depression.
126. Hand and glove Both the neighbours are hand and glove with each other.
127. Hand in hand Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand.
128. Hard and fast The club has hard and fast rules to govern the behaviour of its
members.
129. A hard nut to crack To pass the test without preparation is a hard nut to crack.
130. Have clean hands He is innocent and has clean hands in this case.
131. Have cold feet He had cold feet in front of his seniors and said nothing.
132. Heart and soul He put his heart and soul in his work and succeeded.
133. High time It is high time to go there.
134. Hit below the belt It is unfair to hit below the belt.
135. Hobson’s choice The only muddy water in the village proved a Hobson’s choice for us.
136. Hue and cry He raised hue and cry at the horrible sight.
137. In a fix He has been offered two posts and now he is in a fix what to accept
and what to reject.
138. In black and white The agreement was put in black and white.
139. In full swing The match was in full swing when I reached the stadium.
140. In high spirits He was in high spirits on the day of marriage.
141. In hot water Alice is in hot water these days.
142. In short In short, he struggled and struggled but to no avail.
143. In the teeth of In the teeth of opposition he continued his efforts and succeeded.
144. In the air It is in the air that the government will soon announce some
important decisions.
145. In the long run Truth shall prevail in the long run.
146. In the nick of time He reached the station in the nick of time to catch the train.

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147. Ins and outs He does not know the ins and outs of this case.
148. Keep abreast of A doctor has to keep abreast of the progress in medical science.
149. Keep an eye on The teacher must keep an eye on his students.
150. Kick the bucket He kicked the bucket last night due to illness.
151. Kith and kin We must look after our poor kith and kin.
152. Lame excuse I do not believe in his lame excuse.
153. Lead by the nose It is his wife who leads him by the nose.
154. Learn by heart The child has learnt many poems by heart.
155. Leave in the lurch One must not leave one’s friends in the lurch.
156. Leave no stone unturned He left no stone unturned in search of his lost child but to no avail.
157. Lick the dust He had to lick the dust when he met Muhammad Ali in the ring.
158. Lion’s share When the assets of British India were divided, India got a lion’s share.
159. Live in a fool’s paradise He does not back his desires with efforts and just lives in a fool’s
paradise.
160. Look sharp You should look sharp or you will miss the train.
161. Lose one’s head He is short-tempered and loses his head very often.
162. Lose heart Never lose your heart at failure.
163. Maiden speech It was his maiden speech in the Assembly but he did very well.
164. Make amends for He is working hard to make amends for his failure in the examination.
165. Make fun of He made fun of me at the party.
166. Make both ends meet With his small income he can hardly make both ends meet.
167. Make faces It is unmannerly to make faces at others.
168. Make good You will have to make good the loss.
169. Make headway You will have to work hard to make headway in the business.
170. Make up one’s mind He has made up his mind to go abroad for higher studies.
171. Move heaven and earth He moved heaven and earth to win the election but failed.
172. Necessary evil Examinations are a necessary evil for the dull students.
173. Nip in the bud We should try to nip the evil in the bud.
174. Now and then He visits cinema now and then.
175. Null and void The law is now null and void and is not in practice.
176. Of one’s own accord He left the college hostel of his own accord.
177. Off and on He has been visiting us off and on for the last ten years.
178. Off hand He is a learned man and can speak off hand on any topic.
179. On the air This programme is going on the air.
180. On the eve of The college grounds were decorated on the eve of Annual sports.
181. On the whole He has some shortcomings but on the whole, he is a fine person.
182. Once and for all Tell me once and for all what you want from me.
183. Once in a blue moon He comes here once in a blue moon.
184. Over and above He has a large income over and above his monthly salary.
185. Overhead and ears He is in debt overhead and ears these days.

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186. Part and parcel A reading room is part and parcel of a library.
187. Pay lip service to He only pays lip service and does not do anything for the poor.
188. Play with fire It is dangerous to play with fire.
189. Pocket an insult He could not hit back and had to pocket an insult.
190. Poison one’s ears She poisoned his ears and he became a rebel.
191. Poke one’s nose She always pokes her nose in such matters.
192. Pros and cons Before doing something, you must examine the pros and cons
connected with it.
193. Put the cart before the horse She put the cart before the horse and made a mess of things.
194. Rainy day We must lay by money for a rainy day.
195. Rank and file The rank and file of the organization was against it.
196. Red handed The thief was caught red handed.
197. A red-letter day 14TH of August is a red-letter day for Pakistan.
198. Rest on one’s laurels He rested on his laurels after getting the achievement.
199. Royal road There is no royal road to success.
200. Run short of He has run short of money nowadays.
201. Safe and sound The child was safe and sound among the beasts.
202. Set a good example We should set a good example for our juniors.
203. Set to work Do not waste time; set to work immediately.
204. Show the white feather He showed the white feather and fled from the battlefield.
205. Soft corner I have a soft corner for him because of his fine habits.
206. Spick and span Their house is always spick and span.
207. Split hairs He is in the habit of splitting hairs.
208. Spread like wild fire The news of his death spread like wild fire in the city.
209. Square deal That was a square deal as everything was fair.
210. Square meal He is so poor that he even does not have square meal.
211. Storm in a teacup The quarrel between the girls is nothing but just a storm in a teacup.
212. Stand on ceremony Do not stand on ceremony and feel yourself at home.
213. Stick to one’s guns He always sticks to his guns and does not listen to anyone.
214. Sum and substance I do not know the sum and substance of the incident.
215. Take a fancy to He has taken a fancy to Aslam.
216. Take into account Before pronouncing punishment; we must take his age into account.
217. Take one’s time Before making any decision, take your time.
218. Take to heart He has taken his mother’s death very much to heart.
219. Take to one’s heels The thief took to his heels as he saw the policeman.
220. Take to task The teacher took him to task for not doing his homework.
221. Talk shop Whenever he comes to me; he talks shop most of the time.
222. Through thick and thin I shall be with you through thick and thin.
223. Throw light on The teacher threw light on the world affairs.
224. Throw cold water upon She threw a cold water upon his plans.

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225. Time and again He applied for a job time and again.
226. Tooth and nail They opposed me tooth and nail but could not succeed.
227. Turn a deaf ear to They turned a deaf ear to their teacher’s advice.
228. Turn over a new leaf He turned over a new leaf after the achievement.
229. To be at home in He is at home in English.
230. Uphill task Gird up your loins; it is an uphill task.
231. Up to the mark He is up to the mark and is likely to be selected for this post.
232. Ups and downs He has seen many ups and downs in life.
233. Weather the storm: She refused to resign, intending to weather the storm.
234. A white elephant A car for a poor man is a white elephant.
235. White lie What he said was a white lie.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
1. Account for I cannot account for his foolish behavior.
2. Approve of He strongly approved of our plan.
3. Ask after They always ask after you in their letters.
4. Ask for She asked for some information about course.
5. Back out of He backed out of his promise.
6. Bear out I bear out what he says.
7. Bear down He tried to bear down the opposition.
8. Blow out Please, blow out the candle.
9. Break down The car broke down on the way.
10. Break in He broke in my house in my absence.
11. Break into A thief broke into his house last night.
12. Break open He broke open the box as he had lost the key.
13. Break out Cholera has broken out in the city.
14. Break with He broke with his friend for nothing.
15. Bring about The Government has promised to bring about many reforms.
16. Bring forth Trees bring forth new leaves in spring.
17. Bring up He was brought up by his uncle.
18. Burst into The widow burst into tears.
19. Call at I called at his house but he was out.
20. Call down The old beggar called down the naughty boys.
21. Call off The match was called off because of rain.
22. Call for Your mistake calls for severe punishment.
23. Call on/upon I called on him at his office yesterday.
24. Carry away He was carried away by his sentiments.
25. Carry on Please, carry on your work.
26. Carry out He carried out the orders of his master.
27. Cast aside I cast aside the old unwanted books.
28. Come about His marriage will come about next month.
29. Come across I came across an old friend yesterday.
30. Come by How did you come by this watch?
31. Come down The prices are coming down because of the quake.
32. Come from I come from Lahore.
33. Come of He comes of a noble family.
34. Come off When will the convocation come off?
35. Come out The rain stopped and the sun came out.
36. Cope with I cannot cope with recent problem.
37. Die of He died of Cholera.
38. Do away with Let us do away with the evil customs.
39. End up If you go on like this, you will end up in prison.
40. Fall back upon One must save something to fall back upon in the time of need.
41. Fall in At the orders of the commander, the soldiers fell in.
42. Fall out The brothers fell out on the division of their father’s property.

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43. Fall through The project fell through for want of fund.
44. Get over He got over the shock.
45. Get through He got through the examination in his first attempt.
46. Get up I usually get up at 5 o’ clock.
47. Get along He is getting along well in this profession.
48. Give away She gave away the prizes at the annual function of our college.
49. Give in The rebels were at last forced to give in.
50. Get off We got off after the breakfast.
51. Get out She managed to get out some words of thanks.
52. Give up I have given up smoking.
53. Go along with I cannot go along with you in this matter.
54. Go off The pistol went off accidentally.
55. Go/Keep on Go on doing your work.
56. Go through Have you gone through the case?
57. Hit by His business was hit by the change in price.
58. Hit upon She hit upon an idea.
59. Hold up She is holding up well under the pressure.
60. Keep down They tried to keep down the rebels by force.
61. Keep off Keep off the grass.
62. Keep to Keep to the subject while making a speech.
63. Keep up You are doing good work; keep it up.
64. Knock down He knocked down his opponent.
65. Lay by Lay by something against the rainy day.
66. Lay down He laid down his life for his country.
67. Leave for We left for Multan yesterday.
68. Let down I will never let you down.
69. Live on They just live on vegetables.
70. Look after Who will look after your house?
71. Look ahead She is looking ahead after post-graduation.
72. Look back If you look back at your childhood, you will be surprised.
73. Look down upon Do not look down upon the poor.
74. Look for The parents looked for the lost child.
75. Look forward to We are looking forward to his arrival.
76. Look into The police are looking into the case.
77. Make out/of I am unable to make out/of this term.
78. Make up Try to make up your loss in business.
79. Pass away He passed away at the age of eighty years.
80. Put back: Remember to put back your clock.
81. Put aside/by You should put some money aside for old age.
82. Put down He could not put down the enemy.
83. Put forward She put forward a suggestion.
84. Put off I went to him for a loan but he put me off
85. Put on He put on his hat and went out.
86. Put out Who will put out the fire?
87. Put up with I cannot put up with his foolishness.
88. Run down His health has run down.
89. Run into He ran into his old friend the other day.
90. Run out of The car ran out of petrol and stopped.
91. Run over A bus ran over a pedestrian yesterday.
92. See off I went to the station to see him off.
93. Send/Call for They have sent for the doctor.
94. Set aside He set aside my application.
95. Set off/out We shall set off Lahore tomorrow.
96. Set/Take down Set down your plan.
97. Set in The rainy season has set in.
98. Set up He has set up a new factory recently.
99. Sit on They have been sitting on my application for a month.
100. Stand for B.com stands for Bachelor of Commerce.
101. Stand by I shall stand by you at the hour of need.
102. Take after She takes after her mother.

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103. Take down Take down my cell number.
104. Take for I took him for a thief.
105. Take off He took off his old coat.
106. Takeover I took over the charge of the office.
107. Take to He has taken to smoking.
108. Tell upon Hard work told upon his health.
109. Turn down/aside He turned down my request.
110. Turn on/off Please, turn off/on the radio.
111. Turn up He turned up late at the party.
112. Work out He worked out a plan to build a hospital.

PREPOSITIONAL FILLINGS
1. We must abide ----------------- the laws of the country.
2. The river abounds ----------------- fish.
3. He absented himself ----------------- school yesterday.
4. He was absorbed ----------------- his studies.
5. One must abstain ----------------- bad promise.
6. At last, he acceded ----------------- my request.
7. Cut your coat according ----------------- your cloth.
8. You will have to account ----------------- your misdeeds.
9. He was accused ----------------- theft.
10. It is easy to accustom oneself ----------------- bad habits.
11. I am not acquainted ----------------- him.
12. He was acquitted ----------------- the charge against him.
13. He acted ----------------- my advice.
14. A clever man adapts himself ----------------- the circumstances.
15. He is addicted ----------------- drinking and gambling.
16. Brave men always adhere ----------------- their beliefs.
17. His house is adjacent ----------------- the New Gardens.
18. His conduct admits ----------------- no excuse.
19. His house is adorned ----------------- paintings.
20. Mother has deep affection ----------------- her children.
21. The old lady is affectionate ----------------- all.
22. Our college is affiliated ----------------- the Punjab University.
23. They were afflicted ----------------- the death of their leader.
24. The child is afraid ----------------- dogs.
25. He agreed ----------------- the terms offered by the company.
26. He agreed ----------------- what I said.
27. In principle, I agree ----------------- you.
28. The hunter aimed ----------------- the bird and fired his gun.
29. He was alarmed ----------------- the sound of the gun-fire.
30. He alighted ----------------- the train.

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31. He is not alive ----------------- the imminent danger.
32. In his speech, the Minister alluded ----------------- the Indian attack on Goa.
33. He is standing ----------------- his friends.
34. You must answer ----------------- your misconduct.
35. He apologized ----------------- me----------------his rude behaviour.
36. She was appointed ----------------- the vacant post.
37. I do not approve ----------------- your silly behaviour.
38. It is useless to argue ----------------- a fool.
39. The robbers were armed ----------------- pistols
40. The naughty boy was ashamed ----------------- his mischief.
41. He assented ----------------- my proposal.
42. He was associated ----------------- the work of the committee.
43. I assure you ----------------- my help.
44. Now, he is trying to atone ----------------- his sins.
45. No blame attaches ----------------- him.
46. Attend ----------------- your work if you want to succeed.
47. He attributes his success ----------------- his hard work.
48. We must avail ourselves ----------------- every opportunity.
49. I avenged myself ----------------- him.
50. One must be aware ----------------- the changes taking place in one’s country.
51. Beware ----------------- pickpockets.
52. He is blind ----------------- one eye.
53. He is blind ----------------- his surroundings.
54. She is born ----------------- rich parents.
55. The thief broke ----------------- the house.
56. Do not boast ----------------- your wealth.
57. Trees bring ----------------- new leaves in the spring.
58. She was brooding ----------------- the business.
59. She burst ----------------- tears.
60. The train is bound ----------------- Karachi.
61. You are bound ----------------- go there.
62. He is bent ----------------- doing mischief.
63. God has blessed him ----------------- a son.
64. Blow ----------------- the candle.
65. You should not back ----------------- of your promise.
66. Carry ----------------- your work.
67. A drowning man catches ----------------- a straw.

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68. The father cautioned his son ----------------- the evils of a big city.
69. The Education Minister asked the students to cease ----------------- agitation.
70. He was charged ----------------- murder.
71. My wife is clever ----------------- cooking.
72. Yesterday, a car collided ----------------- a motorcycle.
73. We can judge a writer by comparing him ----------------- others.
74. They complained ---------------- the watchman ---------------- being absent from duty.
75. The soldiers complied ----------------- the orders of their commander.
76. Do not conceal anything ----------------- your mother.
77. I conceded ----------------- him five points in the match.
78. Concentrate ----------------- your work.
79. The murderer was condemned ----------------- death.
80. Do not confide ----------------- a fool.
81. He is confident ----------------- his success.
82. The patient was confined ----------------- bed
83. He had to conflict ----------------- his friends on principle.
84. I congratulated him ----------------- his success in the examination.
85. Her parents consented ----------------- marriage.
86. Water consists ----------------- hydrogen and oxygen.
87. Mir Jaffar conspired ----------------- his master.
88. The rich and the poor contributed ----------------- the Relief Fund.
89. The players were all covered ----------------- dust.
90. Everyone should co-operate ----------------- the government to end social evils.
91. I am unable to cope ----------------- so much work.
92. You may count ----------------- my help in this matter.
93. At last, he was cured ----------------- his illness.
94. You must cut ----------------- your expenses.
95. He is deaf ----------------- my advice.
96. He deals ----------------- cloth.
97. The Quaid-e-Azam dedicated his life ----------------- the cause of the Muslims.
98. He is deficient ----------------- common sense.
99. The committee deliberated ----------------- the matter for a long time.
100. If you depend ----------------- me, I shall do my best to help you.
101. The robbers deprived him ----------------- his money.
102. I am desirous ----------------- going to Makkah.
103. He is devoid ----------------- all sense of decency.
104. He has devoted his life ----------------- serve mankind.

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105. In politics, men may differ ----------------- their views.
106. Law does not discriminate ----------------- the rich and the poor.
107. He was disappointed ----------------- his attitude.
108. I am disgusted ----------------- her.
109. He donated his entire property ----------------- a hospital.
110. He is dreaming ----------------- becoming a national hero.
111. He has no ear ----------------- music.
112. You are not eligible ----------------- the post.
113. He is endowed ----------------- many qualities.
114. When I visited him, he was engaged ----------------- some work.
115. I went to his house to enquire ----------------- his heath.
116. The police are enquiring ----------------- the matter.
117. He entrusted his money ----------------- me.
118. I have faith ----------------- his ability.
119. Gujrat is familiar ----------------- furniture.
120. The rich must feel ----------------- the poor.
121. He fell a victim ----------------- his avarice.
122. The hunter fired ----------------- the tiger.
123. He is not good ----------------- English.
124. He is very grateful ----------------- you ----------------- your favour.
125. The father grieved ----------------- the death of his son.
126. We must guard ----------------- all the dangers to our freedom.
127. He is hard ----------------- hearing.
128. She has deep hatred ----------------- the poor.
129. He is held ----------------- high esteem.
130. She was soon healed ----------------- her wounds.
131. No Govt. is hostile ----------------- the public interest.
132. You are ignorant ----------------- danger.
133. I am ill ----------------- fever.
134. We must impart right type of education ----------------- our children.
135. He is impartial ----------------- the either party.
136. A heavy fine was imposed ----------------- the accused.
137. The president impressed ----------------- the audience the need of defending their country.
138. There is no incentive ----------------- the investment.
139. He is indifferent ----------------- his own interests.
140. He is inclined ----------------- come late.
141. We are indebted ----------------- our armed forces for defending the country.

Page 13
142. The storehouse is infested ----------------- rats.
143. I informed him ----------------- the latest situation.
144. Smoking is injurious ----------------- health.
145. `The accused insisted ----------------- his being innocent.
146. Do not interfere ----------------- my affairs.
147. I introduced him ----------------- my friends.
148. He invited me ----------------- the dinner.
149. Do not judge others ----------------- their weakness.
150. Hard work is the key ----------------- success.
151. A heavy blow on the head knocked him -----------------.
152. There is a lack ----------------- confidence in you.
153. The tree was laden ----------------- fruits.
154. I am late ----------------- college.
155. Do not laugh ----------------- the poor.
156. This road leads ----------------- Islamabad.
157. Kashmir lies ----------------- the north of Pakistan.
158. He has no liking ----------------- reading such books.
159. Listen ----------------- what your teacher says.
160. Cows live ----------------- grass.
161. Everyone longs ----------------- the returns of good old days.
162. The nurse is looking ----------------- the patient.
163. I am looking forward ----------------- the arrival of my son.
164. Ibrahim was married ----------------- her.
165. There is no match ----------------- Imran Khan.
166. Do not meddle ----------------- the affairs of others.
167. I have no objection ----------------- your going there.
168. I am obliged ----------------- him ----------------- his timely help.
169. He parted ----------------- his friends with tears in his eyes.
170. A fool soon parts ----------------- his money.
171. The Quaid-e-Azam passed ----------------- on September 11, 1948.
172. He is playing ----------------- the harmonium.
173. Before taking a decision, you should ponder ----------------- the matter.
174. He is popular ----------------- the students.
175. Parents pray ----------------- the prosperity of their children.
176. He prayed ----------------- God ------------ his success.
177. A man of honour prefers poverty ----------------- ill-gotten wealth.
178. He is prejudiced ----------------- me for no fault of me.

Page 14
179. May God preserve you ----------------- all evils!
180. The minister of education presided ----------------- the annual function of a college.
181. He has provided ----------------- the education of his son.
182. He was punished ----------------- his misdeeds.
183. Do not quarrel ----------------- petty matters.
184. He quarreled ----------------- me for nothing.
185. It is useless to reason ----------------- a fool.
186. I am reconciled ----------------- my lot.
187. The fire reduced the house ----------------- ashes.
188. We shall have to refer it ----------------- the Islamic concept of society.
189. He could not refrain himself ----------------- weeping.
190. They plan to go there regardless ----------------- bad weather.
191. You can rely ----------------- me for help.
192. I reminded him ----------------- his promise.
193. He has repented ----------------- his sins.
194. We have run short ----------------- time.
195. You should not side ----------------- my enemy.
196. Your work is superior ----------------- mine.
197. I sympathize ----------------- you at the loss of your money.
198. I took him ----------------- your elder brother.
199. This pond teems ----------------- fish.
200. Indiscipline among students tends ----------------- lower their dignity.
201. True students thirst ----------------- knowledge.
202. Soon, he was tired ----------------- his silly adventure.
203. The thief trembled ----------------- fear when he was caught.
204. Trust ----------------- God and do the right.
205. His failure urged him ----------------- hard work.
206. I am waiting ----------------- my friend.
207. The Government warned the villagers ----------------- the coming flood.
208. Everyone wondered ----------------- his success.
209. The Government yielded --------------- the public opinion and withdrew some taxes.
210. The people rose ----------------- the unjust rulers.
211. The passengers in the bus were robbed ----------------- all their cash.
212. I have sent ----------------- him, he will be here any moment.
213. I am sick ----------------- her.
214. He is in the habit of sneering ----------------- everything.
215. We should stand ----------------- our friends.

Page 15
216. He stared ----------------- the stranger and told him to go away.
217. The culprit startled ----------------- the arrival of the police officer.
218. He submitted ----------------- the pressure and withdrew his complaint.
219. I cannot subscribe ----------------- your opinion.
220. He was suited ----------------- the post.
221. This cloth is superior ----------------- that one.
222. He has taken ----------------- the gambling.
223. She was true ----------------- her word.
224. He tried hard but all ----------------- vain.
225. I was waiting ----------------- my friend.
226. There is want ----------------- funds for the project.
227. Our elders are worthy ----------------- respect.
228. He bought this book ----------------- ten rupees.
229. Please write this ----------------- ink.
230. He may write ----------------- pencil.
231. We went to ----------------- the seaside ----------------- car.
232. Everybody yearns ----------------- sympathy in sorrow.
233. We vie ----------------- one another to win it.
234. I have a great zeal ----------------- struggle.
235. I am amazed---------------- her courage.
236. She has appetite-------------------- knowledge.
237. This rule is not applicable-----------------all the members.
238. He begged-------------------mercy.
239. He bought this book -------------------ten rupees.
240. You can buy it ---------------------the open market.
241. The environment is not suitable----------------for discussion.
242. I despair -------------------him; he cannot carry on his job for long.
243. I am not familiar ------------------the rules over here.
244. He was found guilty----------------serious crime.
245. Do not hanker-----------------wealth.
246. Do not be hard ------------------him; he is so young.
247. I have no interest-----------------such things.
248. He is junior-------------------me.
249. Be loyal--------------your employer.
250. They have no lust---------------power.
251. She is very much particular-------------------- her diet.
252. He persisted--------------search for the truth.

Page 16
 253. He is proficient-------------------- English.
254. Put your coat----------- and take his dog ------------------a walk.
255. Aslam has reputation--------------------honesty.
256. I have great respect -------------------his learning.
257. He is standing-----------------his friends.
258. I took him -------------------------your elder brother.
259. This pond teems-----------------fish.
260. You will soon tide------------------the difficulties.

CORRECTION OF SENTENCES
ERRORS OF PREOPOSITIONS
Exercise No: 1
1. I have no objection on your going there.
2. I have a decent house to live.
3. She is blind from one eye.
4. She is blind of her duty.
5. He is like a brother for me.
6. She is suffering with malaria.
7. Eggs are sold in dozens.
8. It is time to rest.
9. You are kind on me.
10. They attacked on me.
11. He passed in the examination.
12. The pen is to write.
13. She writes with red ink.
14. I am angry on you.
15. She swore of God.
16. Look this word in the dictionary.
17. He prefers milk than tea.
18. Do not prevent him to go there.
19. She will arrive after a few minutes.
20. They are ill from fever.
21. She comes from a good family.
22. Enemy is making preparation in war.
23. France declared war with Germany.
24. She was named as Saeeda.
25. I called him as a fool.
26. It is ten o’ clock in my watch.
27. He walked all the way by foot.
28. She resembles with her mother.

Page 17
 29. They reached in Lahore on 5.pm.
30. I prefer tea than coffee.
31. I went to home.
32. He is like a brother for me.
33. I was getting late from the college.
34. He is a lecturer of English.
35. What is the time on your watch?
36. Open your book on page ten.
37. It is a cheque of Rs. 500.
38. Monkeys live on trees.
39. Put it in your pocket.
40. The teacher caught the boy from the ear.
41. He took me as his friend.
42. I have sent a letter on his address.
43. He is true to his words.
44. I have no answer of your question.
45. There is no solution of the problem
46. Can you tell me the way of post-office?
47. Our country lacks for armaments.
48. I said it upon his face.
49. I will write you about her.
50. He ordered for my dismissal.

WORD ERROR
Exercise No: 2
1. Who did the first goal?
2. We have given our examination.
3. He denied to accept the reality.
4. The students here know to fly the planes.
5. I take pain over my work.
6. Put your sign here.
7. There is no place here in the bus.
8. He expresses the truth.
9. Tariq went to school despite of illness.
10. Walking is quite useful for health.
11. I hope you are keeping a good health.
12. He is speaking the lie.
13. Mind your own job.
14. To spit here and there is a bad work.
15. They reside besides the college.

Page 18
16. Your cloth does not fit me.
17. He did a comparison between the two.
18. Good night, I am very pleased to see you.
19. Hear to me.
20. To tell a lie is a bad talk.
ERRORS OR ARTICLES
Exercise No: 3
1. She is heir of her father’s property.
2. He is honourable guest of the society.
3. They lived in L-shaped building.
4. Moon shines at night.
5. More we get, more we want.
6. Poors should be helped properly.
7. The mankind should love the nature.
8. All boys are going to college.
9. Both sisters failed in the examination.
10. This is man who helped me yesterday.
11. I have never seen such good picture.
12. Honesty is best policy.
13. He is taller of two boys.
14. Horse is faithful animal.
15. Easier the question, quicker the reply.
16. The house caught the fire.
17. The wisdom is the gift of the God.
18. The gold is more valuable than the silver.
19. Muslims read Holy Quran daily.
20. The both men were arrested.
21. A white and brown dog is barking.
22. He is a poet and a philosopher.
23. He is M.A in English.
24. The English is the language of English.
25. He is not at the fault.
26. They were speaking truth.
27. He is wisest in his village.
28. I play the hockey.
29. The people living in this street are the gentry.
30. I do not go for walk.

Page 19
ERRORS OF NOUNS AND VERBS
Exercise No: 4
1. He eats two breads daily.
2. I have got three works to do.
3. Sceneries of Kashmir are charming.
4. We bought a furniture.
5. You have many time to think over.
6. The college is closed for summer vacations.
7. These news are good.
8. The gallows were erected in the jail.
9. We won the match by one inning.
10. The poor is protesting at inflation.
11. This cattle is not mine.
12. He bought five dozens oranges.
13. Her weight is three stones.
14. Thousand of viewers were watching the match.
15. There are lying ten furnitures in your room.
16. He did many mischiefs.
17. Her hairs are curly.
18. He gave me a ten-rupees note.
19. He gave me many advices.
20. The shepherd has three sheeps and two deers.
21. The scissor is blunt.
22. My trouser is torn.

ERRORS OF VERBS
Exercise No: 5
1. He and I am friends.
2. Ibrahim and Isaaq goes to school.
3. Slow and steady win the race.
4. Two and two make four.
5. The wages of sin are death
6. Bread and butter is everyone’s need.
7. Karan or Mike were not there.
8. A black and white cow are for sale.
9. The captain and the coach has not arrived yet.
10. The United States are a rich country.
11. The price of the books are increasing gradually.
12. A list of all the members were required.
13. Everybody: the soldier, army and men have contributed to the flood fund.
14. He said that she is very busy.

Page 20
 15. They told me that they may win it.
16. She said that she is a woman.
17. The teacher said that blood is thicker than water.
18. He asked me what do you see there.
19. They asked why are you wasting your time.
20. I have received your letter yesterday.
21. He had done his job.
22. They will plan to go there next week.
23. We lost the match tomorrow.
24. I am thinking he will be at home.
25. The house is consisting of ten rooms.
26. He live here for two months.
27. Since when you are waiting for me?
28. It is pleasant since yesterday.
29. I know him for a long time.
30. I am not seeing you since Eid.
31. Since when you are living in this house?
32. Since when you are in Lahore?
33. It is I who is to blame.

Exercise No: 6

1. I do not help you if you will not ask.

2. He does not move from here until I get back.
3. As long as he will be here, I shall not go to see him.
4. If he had slipped, he would fall 500 feet.
5. We would have won the match if he played.
6. I work hard lest I may not fail.
7. The teacher made the students to laugh.
8. I got my shirt press.
9. You had better to tell him the reality.
10. Let him to do his job.
11. I was used to take tea in the evening.
12. She used to come here daily.
13. He laughed as if he is mad.
14. If I were you I, I do not go there.
15. Would that you join us!
16. She behaves as though she is the teacher.
17. Would that he was here!
18. If only he is here!
19. They cannot help to fly the kites.

Page 21
20. I could not help to go there.
21. Do you feel like to go to cinema?
22. He succeeded to convince me.
23. With a view to meet you, I went there.
24. The committee have issued a report.
25. The jury was divided in his opinion.
26. The jury was unanimous in their verdict.
27. No sooner he left than the storm broke.
28. No sooner had the company launched its new product than it went bankrupt.
29. Hardly he had come out than the rain started.
30. Hardly had I arrived home when my phone rang.
31. Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep.
32. Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack.
33. Six miles are a long distance.
34. Five hundred rupees are not a large sum.
35. None of us like the idea.
36. One of my friends are not here.
37. Neither of the roads lead to Anarkali.
38. Many a man were present there.
39. Either of the three boys have read their lesson.
40. Neither he nor I are lucky.
41. The leader with his followers were present in the meeting.
42. The headmaster as well as the boys are in the playground.
43. He told me that he wrote the novel the last month.
44. I took meal before he came.
45. This is one of the chairs that has been polished.
46. Majority of the students in the class are intelligent.
47. Majority in our country is illiterate.
48. Where was you last night?
49. Why you left the room without my permission?
ERRORS OF PRONOUNS
Exercise No: 7
1. He is as happy as me.
2. It is me who helped her.
3. He is taller than both of we.
4. Like I he has also sense of humour.
5. You, he, and I stole a pen.
6. Let you and I go to college.
7. I, and you are brothers.
8. His horse and your are both tired.

Page 22
 9. Distribute these mangoes between the three brothers.
10. There are trees on every side of the road.
11. Either of the five players are in the ground.
12. None of the two girls have committed this sin.
13. Any one of two boys have done this.
14. Neither of the three boys like Mathematics.
15. One must do his duty if he can.
16. A man should keep one’s own promise.
17. Every one that see you, love you.
18. He availed of the opportunity.
19. This is the bird who sings.
20. He avenged on his enemy.
21. Who are you talking to?
22. Who did you see in the hotel?
23. I did not know who you met yesterday.
24. I want a teacher for my son who is over fifty.
25. He was the man whom they thought was dead.
26. None remain to tell me the story of her sufferings.
27. It is me who am to blame.
28. I do not like such books which you have.
29. They are junior to I.
30. All those who are absent they will be fined.

ERRORS OF ADJECTIVES
Exercise No: 8
1. He is more stronger than his brother.
2. Shakespeare is greater than any dramatist.
3. The population of Lahore is greater than Multan.
4. He is more senior than me.
5. This cloth is more inferior than that.
6. He is braver than all.
7. The table is more round than that one.
8. This is best of the two.
9. A few knowledge is bad for one’s health.
10. He provided me many time to do so.
11. The Taj Mahal Agra has the most worldwide reputation.
12. Anwar is the most unique teacher.
13. The rich should not hate poor.
14. His oldest daughter died of heart attack.
15. He is older than his brother.
16. Ibrahim is the oldest member of the family.

Page 23
 17. There is not some boy in the class.
18. I have any problem with it.
19. This horse is elder than that.
20. This is the last news.
21. That is a worth seeing place.
22. After this, he made no farther remarks.
23. Lahore is further from Multan than Faisalabad.
24. The two first chapters of this book are interesting.
25. No less than forty soldiers were killed in the war.
26. I was sorry to have a few rupees.
27. I do not like tea without little sugar.
28. He ate a few mangoes that he had.
29. A little time I spent there is unforgettable.
30. Abdul Rahim is wiser than all boys.
31. Abdul Rahim is wisest of all other boys.
32. It is the good movie I have ever seen.
33. you are a coward person.
34. This is the fruit who I like.
35. Great many people were waiting for the leader.
ERRORS OF ADVERBS
Exercise No: 9
1. He is much happy today.
2. It is much entertaining.
3. The patient is very better now.
4. This water is very cold to drink.
5. I am too glad to see you.
6. It is too hot today.
7. He died two years before.
8. The boy went directly to the principal.
9. The flowers smell sweetly.
10. This hardly won liberty is not to be wasted.
11. These kinds of mangoes are not very sweet.
12. He lifted the bundle with his both hands.
13. You have written the most perfect story.
14. This table is more circular than that.
15. He is working hardly to win a scholarship.
16. He tells never a lie.
17. He did not go nowhere.
18. I did not have no money in my pocket.
19. He left the job two years before.

Page 24
 20. It is very hot to play football.
21. He ran very fastly.
22. This letter is bad written.
23. Do you know to swim.
24. I do not know the reason why he dislikes me.
25. This is the place where she was born.
26. I requested him to kindly help me.
27. He never spoke to me this morning.
28. He has only slept three hours.
29. You spoke good.

MISCELLANEOUS ERRORS
Exercise No: 10
1. She either eats apples or oranges.
2. Zahid and Zaki both play cricket.
3. I like reading and write.
4. I ran as faster as I could run.
5. He got angry before I said a word.
6. He was asked me to say little more.
7. I asked him that whether he was a painter.
8. They could not come here due to illness.
9. All are well that end well.
10. Bad news spread fast.
11. The army invaded the enemy.
12. The table’s top is shining.
13. He lifted the bundle with his both hands.
14. Walking is quite useful for health.
15. I do not know the reason why he dislikes me.
16. They reside besides the college.
17. He returned back yesterday.
18. He is an indifferent judge.
19. The doctor saw the pulse of the patient.
20. We have given our examination.
21. Just before going to bed the rain ceased.
22. Do you want to go for walk?
23. The hen has lain the egg.
24. Pay my compliment to your father.
25. We got appointment in the bank.

Page 25
 ESSAYS
1. A PICNIC
Change is the spice of life. If one goes on doing one thing again and again, one falls a victim to monotony
and boredom. Hence, one should never miss the happy moments of life if one is hectically busy most of
the time. The pleasure trips provide us an opportunity for merriment and excitement.
Last month my cousin came from Karachi. He was very eager to see the beautiful places of Lahore. I
thought that a visit to the beautiful Mughal gardens, Shalamar, would be an excellent beginning to the
sight-seeing tour of Lahore. I invited two of my friends, and one fine morning we went to the garden. We
had packed a big lunch basket. My friend, Shafique, had his violin with him. On our way we bought some
fruit and ice cream from the bazar.
The sky was overcast, but not heavily. It was an ideal day for a picnic. A gust of cool and fresh air greeted
us as we entered the main gate of the Shalamar gardens. A great number of picnickers were there. They
had spread their carpets and mats all over the place and put their things there. Now they were walking in
the garden. A large number of children were running about in every corner while shouting and laughing
and holding multi-coloured balloons in their hands.
After some time we found a small lawn in a corner of a garden which was still unoccupied. So we put our
things there. A garden watchman promised us to look after our things in our absence.
We strolled about the garden. It was so beautiful laid out that we could not find words to express our
admiration. We were really stunned to see the beautiful trees, especially the tall graceful cypresses, the
well-kept lawns, the typical Mughal fountains. My cousin from Karachi was tongue-tied with delight. He
had not seen anything like that in Karachi.
We were so absorbed in the beauty of the garden that we forgot everything. A group of people eating their
lunch reminded us that we were hungry. We returned to the place where the garden watchman was
guarding our things from birds etc. We thanked and invited him to share our lunch. He very gratefully
accepted.
After lunch we thought that a little nap would do us a lot of good. So we lay down on the grass and fell
sleep. It was three o’clock when my cousin shook my shoulder. My friends were already up. I washed my
face and poured some cold water on my head. Now I was fully awake.
My cousin wanted some tea. Our friend, the watchman, came to our help and brought us some very good
tea. This put my cousin in high spirits. He asked Shafique to play his violin. Shafique did not wait for the
second request, and played a beautiful tune. All of us were spellbound.
Suddenly a peal of thunder broke the spell. The clouds were thick and low. Most of the people had left. We
collected our things and rushed out of the garden. Fortunately, we found a taxicab at the gate. A
memorable day had ended. Whenever the happy memories of the trip come to my mind, these fill me
with excitement.
1) Excursion
2) A visit to a Historical Place

2. CO-EDUCATION
Co-Education means the education of boys and girls together. In this type of system boys and girls sit
under the same roof and take lectures from the teacher. This system of education has its origin in the
west. It is a newly introduced system in Pakistan. Though it is not so common here, in recent years some
of our colleges have adopted this system. Here co-education is in action especially in private educational
institutes.

Page 26
This system is still a controversy since it has been there in Pakistan. Some people favour this system and
want to introduce in it all schools and colleges. They say that this system is very useful. They give many
arguments in support of their view. Their main argument is that in a poor and backward country like
Pakistan it is impossible to maintain separate in situations. Therefore, co-education should be adopted
and the existing colleges and schools should be opened to girls.
The supporters of co-education also say that in a progressive society, men and women should come close.
Co-education would provide an opportunity to the young men and women to understand each other. This
would be very helpful to them in their future life. It would also be good for the progress of the country.
Another argument is that co-education would raise the standard of education, because it will promote
competition among boys and girls.
Another strong argument in support of co-education is that it is so much useful in a country like Pakistan
where we cannot afford to establish separate universities and colleges for the boys and the girls. It will
require huge investment to do this job and co-education is very much beneficial for us in this situation.
Short number of competent teachers is also another factor that some of us favour this system of co-
education. Owing to lower literacy rate we are not in position to provide outstanding teachers to the boys
and girls separately. This also makes us favour this system of education.
There is another school of thought who believes that co-education is like a plague for the healthy citizens
of one’s country. They oppose co-education due to the following factors:
The system of co-education cannot raise the desirous educational standards. Boys and girls will take more
interest in one another than education. Temptation of flirtation will stronger than the urge for reading
textbooks. Co-education will create many problems not only for the students but also for the teachers.
Those who oppose this system, they believe that some people support this system because they want to
adopt the western culture blindly. They want to look like them. They imitate their life-style and they even
want to follow their educational style without taking into consideration the religious, social, cultural and
biological differences.
If co-education were inevitable, one would agree to it. But it is not a necessary evil. And there is no reason
that we should patronize everything with a foreign name. Our young men and women need education,
and not co-education.
1) Male and Female Education

3. DR. MUHAMMAD IQBAL

(Our National Hero)
To me, a true hero is one who lives for the welfare of others without taking into consideration his
personal interests. His every move is for the good of humanity. He strives hard to let the oppressed free
from the brutal snare of the cruel and callous people. I take pride to say that my country, Pakistan, has
such a shining star among the galaxy of it legends.
OR ( My favourite Poet)
To me, poetry should be didactic as well as imparting aesthetic pleasure. It should contain in itself all
timely issues and things. The poet should be the mouthpiece of a patriot. He is in a position to inculcate
such ideas and awareness that is the need of the hour. I take pride to say that my country, Pakistan, has
such a shining star among the galaxy of the legends. He wrote purposeful poetry.
OR ( My favourite personality)
I take a fancy to such a fellow who lives for the welfare of others without taking into consideration his
personal interests. I have a great admiration for one whose every move is for the good of humanity. I take

Page 27
pride to say that I have such an ideal luminary who compels me to think that he is the one whom I can
claim.

OR (My National Hero, My Favourite Personality)

I have special fascination for Allama Iqbal because he is the one who infused a spirit of freedom among
the Muslims. He was the one who realized how crucial were those moments when All India Congress were
more inclined to the interests of the Hindus than the Muslims. He felt that the Muslims of India need a
separate homeland where they might spend their lives according to the teachings of Islam without any
resistance.

Dr. Muhammad Iqbal is a great Muslim thinker and poet of this century. He was born at Sialkot on the 9 th
of November 1877. His ancestors had migrated from Kashmir some two hundred years before. His father,
Sheikh Noor Muhammad, was a mystic from whom Iqbal inherited mysticism and deep love for religion.
He received his early education at a local high school and passed his intermediate examination from
Murrey College. He had the good fortune of studying Arabic, Persian and Islamiyat under the inspiring
guidance of Syed Mir Hussain. In the Govt. College, he came under the influence of Dr. Arnold who
inspired him to study philosophy. In 1899, he obtained his Master’s degree in Philosophy and joined the
teaching staff of the Government College.
He turned out to be such a perfect scholar in his academic years who outshines others. He obtained his
Ph. D in philosophy from Germany. He was called to Bar in 1908, and he returned India the same year. His
stay in Europe was of great importance as he came into contact with the contemporary philosophical and
political thoughts, but the western civilization and materialism found no favour with him.
On his return, he started his legal practice, but his heart was not in it. He spent most of his time in poetry
He was an inspired and creative poet. He had already written some poems which had been favorably
received by critics and readers alike. Now he began to write in both Persian and Urdu. He did not believe
in art for art’s sake. For him, poetry was only a medium for expressing his philosophical ideas, religious
beliefs and political message.
He wrote didactic poetry that left a lasting influence on the minds of the people. He published many
volumes of poetry—Bang-i-Dara, Bal-i-Jabril, Zarb-i-Kaleem, Asrar-i-Khudi, Ramooz-i-Bekhudi, Payam-i-
Mushraq, Jawaid Nama and Zaboori-i-Ajam. All of these have become classics of literature. He was deeply
interested in religion. He delivered six lectures at Madras, which were later published under the little
Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam.
In 1930, Iqbal presided over the Allahabad Session of the All-India Muslim League, and delivered his
famous presidential address in which he asserted that the only solution to the problems of the Indian
Muslims was a separate Muslim state. This was the first demand for Pakistan. But he did not live to see
the emergence of the new state. He died in 1938. It was nine years after his death that Pakistan was
achieved. He was buried in Lahore where Minar-e-Pakistan stands to bear witness to the insight and
prudence of this great “poet of East”.
Iqbal’s genius was fully recognized by his nation in his lifetime. He was immensely popular among all
sections of Muslims. All sorts of people politicians, mystics, journalists and students came to him for
guidance and inspiration. May his soul rest in peace! Ameen.
1) My Favourite Poet
2) Our National Hero
3) My Favorutie Personality

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 4. LIFE IN A BIG CITY
Life in a big city is the blend of sorrow and happiness. It has both the commendable and the disgusting
aspects. If you have almost all kinds of facilities, you have also many problems to face. This I observed
when I paid a visit to my cousin’s house when he invited me to Lahore.
A big city is a product of civilization. It has all the facilities and comforts that civilization can provide. The
life in a city is very different from the village life. It is busy, fast and restless. The people are always in a
hurry. They are, most of the time, running after one thing or another.
The city life has its pleasant and bright side. All the necessities and comforts of life are available to the city
people. Everything is within reach, provided one has the money. There are big shops, stores and super
markets that sell everything, from a needle to a motorcar.
Pakistan’s typical city is not a very clean and pleasant place. It has its posh localities, and shabby slums,
too. The heaps of refuse and pools of dirty water that spread diseases and epidemics are seldom removed
from the poor quarters of the city.
Medical facilities are available to the people in a city. The Government and the municipal committee run a
number of dispensaries, hospitals and maternity homes. Large hospitals have facilities for operations and
blood transfusion. In addition to these, there are other clinics run by private practitioners and specialists.
In a city, people have better education facilities. There are many schools, colleges and technical
institutions. It is natural that the city dwellers are better educated. They are more advanced and
enlightened than the people living in villages. They are more prosperous, for they are more educated and
trained, and there are greater and better opportunities of employment. There are Government offices,
private companies and factories in a city. The educated people, particularly the skilled workers and the
technicians are in great demand. A city offers many kinds of recreations and amusements. Cultural,
literary and sports activities continue throughout the year.
But the city life is not all comfort and blessing. Most cities have their plague spots. Slums exist side by side
with civil lines. Every city dweller is not a rich man. Most of the educational, medical and recreational
facilities are out of his reach. He cannot send his children to any school or college he likes. He cannot
afford to call in a specialist or to attend his sick family. Money is important everywhere, but in a city it
becomes still more important.
In a city, life is busy, fast and restless. Most people are so busy that they have little time for their families.
Most of them do not even know their next-door neighbours. Not to speak of sharing the joys of others, one
even does not bother to share the sorrows of others. Everyone is so materialistic that one hardly finds any
spare time even for one’s family members.
The city people are confronted with another problem, the heavy traffic that almost seems uncontrollable.
There are rows of travelers standing at the bus-stops waiting for the bus, vehicles and wagons. The
number of buses is fewer than the number of passengers. The young children are the real victims of heavy
traffic and also the female students.
It is not the end of the problem. The hospitals, colleges, schools, parks, and every public place is full of
people. They buzz around here and there. They come and go in such a manner as if they were in a great
haste. The terrorists make full use of this situation and they do their evil activities without being noticed.
So these are the bitter fruits of the city life.
All I can say is that the city life is good in comparison with the rural life. Though you have many troubles
here, yet it is a coveted life-style with all its thorns.
1) Urban Life
2) Rural Life
3) Comforts of City Life

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 5. MY FIRST DAY AT COLLEGE
There are some of the past memories that make you smile whenever you recollect them. I am fortunate to
have such kind of recollections that make me excited the moment I recall them. The day when I first set
my foot in the college was an unforgettable day in my life. I was so overwhelmed with joy on that day that
I did some quirks there. It had been a dream for me since my childhood to be a student of a college.
The Board declared the result of the secondary School Examination and I got first division. Immediately
after this, the Principal of the local Government College invited applications for admission to the first year
class. I applied, and was selected. The admission continued for ten days. We were allotted roll numbers
and I was proud to be being college student. Meanwhile, the timetable was put up on the notice board,
and our classes started.
On the first day I reached college well before time. I was clad in new elegant clothes with a new watch on
my wrist. I found myself among smart and active boys. They were the senior students who had arrived
early to make first year fool of us. They greeted the new comers with funny remarks. Most of us got
nervous, and this encouraged them further to laugh at us. They teased and ridiculed us.
At 7:30 the college bell rang. We entered the classroom, it was my first day in the college, and it was a new
experience for me. Naturally, I felt excited, and waited for the lecturer. The lecturer arrived and began to
call over all roll numbers. It is quite amusing to hear the boys responding to their roll numbers in
different ways—some in Urdu and some in English and some in Arabic. After the roll call, the lecturer
spoke to us about the college rules and discipline. Then he introduced us to the subject he was to teach.
I had a strange impression of the college. The boys were standing there in groups while chatting, shouting
and clapping merrily as if they were in some cinema hall. There was no one to stop them from doing so.
When the period was over, we moved to another room. That day each teacher spoke on the importance of
the college education and the way we would profit from it.
My impression of that day in the college is still fresh in my memory. I was happy, nervous and excited—all
at the same time. The word ‘college’ had been a great attraction to me ever since I was the student of
tenth class. Many times before, I had come to this place with my brothers, cousins and friends. Now that I
myself was a student of this college, it seemed to me a wonderful place. I liked its building which was
bigger than that of the school I had recently left.
I cannot fully express the feeling that arose in me as I entered the gate of my new alma mater. I
experienced a strange kind of joy. Somewhere in my mind there was the hope that the college would
inspire me the things of higher worth. The college would give me knowledge and wisdom, and make a
good citizen of me.
1) The Happiest Day of My Life

6. My Last Day At College

In the life of a college student, two days are very important. They are the first day and the last day at
college. The first day is full of promise but the last day reminds us that the golden period of college life has
run its natural course. After this, another phase of life will start that will have its own pains and pleasures.
But, the gone days will never come back.

I remember my last day at college perfectly well. For our teachers, it was just like other days. Some of
them felt relieved and very few felt grieved. But, for us, it was a day that meant a lot.

When I entered the college on that day, I found depression all around. The students of our class were
standing in different groups. The topic of discussion everywhere was that we were meeting in that
atmosphere for the last time. After one month, the examination would start and at the time of result, it
would not be possible to meet all the class-fellows.

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Every student of the outgoing class had a heavy heart. One of us proposed to have a long sitting at the
canteen on American system. The suggestion was floated to the whole class. They all agreed. We spent the
periods of Math’s and Physics at the canteen. There, we had fun together to cast off our depression. We
also discussed our future plans. We also expressed our good wishes for one another. We promised to
remain well-connected in future. But, these were all wishes only.

In the period of Urdu, we came back to our classroom again. Our professor of Urdu was a renowned
literary figure of the town. He read our faces and delivered a pathetic lecture. His topic was mainly
meeting and parting in life. His lectures were always full of quotations and verses. As usual, he quoted
numerous couplets on this topic. I could note down a few of them. I have preserved that page of register
in my diary and often have a look at it.

After this period came the professor of English. He asked us to give him a sheet of paper. One of us did so.
He wrote something on it and asked us to write our names and addresses on it. We did so. Then, he told
us to have a photocopy of it each. I have preserved this copy in the same diary. This page is like a small
directory of our class-fellows.

After his departure from the class, all my class-fellows went their way but I remained there for about half
an hour more. Two tears rolled down my cheeks. I said goodbye to everything in the college and went to
my home with sweet wishes about my future.

7. MY HOBBY
Bookworms think that there is nothing like books. So, day and night, they read their books and avoid all
activities that bring happiness. I know one must work hard to succeed in this world. One must work hard
to earn enough to live comfortably. But one must also have recreation, for it enables one to carry the
burden of life with a smiling face.
I want to relax after working hard at my studies. I need some diversion, which will restore my energy for
the next day’s work. It is my hobby, gardening, that makes me forget my worries and bring me great
happiness. It gives me physical exercise as well as aesthetic pleasure. There is always something new and
fresh for me to do.
Fortunately we live in an area that consists of fertile and rich land. I have got a small area where I can
change my dream into reality. From the very childhood, I was quite keen to have a garden full of flowers
of different colours. I wished to breed them up like a father. Now the things are in my favour. I decided to
make a show of my dream.
Whatever time I can spare from studies, I devote to cultivating beautiful flowers in the front lawn of my
house. I have to do a lot of work with my own hands. I have to prepare the land and manure it before a
new rose cutting could be planted. This is only the beginning of a long and patient struggle. I water my
plants regularly. I have to protect them from the extreme weather. The blazing sun and the sharp frost
damage the tender plants.
My hobby also keeps me healthy and smart as it provides me an opportunity for physical exertion that I
must need in my youth. I daily water the plants, trim the unnecessary weeds, dig the land to make it
fertile for the plants, and I manure it to make it suitable for the plants. All these activities keep me healthy
and fit.
I really enjoy to spend my spare time either trimming the unnecessary weeds and hay and to breathe in
its fresh and fragrant atmosphere. The garden is also a source of inspiration for me. It reminds me that
man can do anything if he has firm determination. When I see the fruit of my effort, this makes me exalted
and ambitious.

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My family members also enjoy spending their time in the garden especially in the evening time for tea. My
happiness knows no bounds when I see my family members talking about the beautiful and the soothing
atmosphere of my garden.
This hard work has its rewards. The day a slender stem comes out of the earth, or the first leaf begins to
grow on the cutting is a very happy day. I remember the time when I first saw the full blooming rose on
the plant I had myself grown. For a long time, I stood there watching its graceful dance in the gentle and
cool breeze of the morning.
The arrival of the colourful birds also fascinates me a lot. I get so excited when I see the different birds
chirping, hopping and flying in my garden. I get the impression that my garden is so beautiful that not
only the men but also the birds consider it worthy to be visited.
I am very much against to use flowers, a living creature, in bouquets or to use their soft petals for
throwing on the guests. Therefore I never allow anyone to do such thing in my little world. I try my
utmost to keep them safe and sound and for this purpose I have got a fence around the orchard.
1) My Pastime
2) My Avocation
8. OUR COLLEGE LIBRARY
A library is a treasure house of wisdom. Here all those who wish to enrich their minds with the most
valuable human experience are welcomed. It is in a library that a student explores the realm of knowledge
and develops the feeling of belonging to the whole of mankind. I consider myself lucky enough to have
such a library in my college where I can relish the tasty fruit of priceless knowledge in an ideal
environment.
Our college library is not a big one. It has rather a small collection of books but it meets the requirements
of the students. The books have been carefully and wisely selected to create love for literature and
learning among the students. Thus, in spite of the limited number of books, it is of great help to the
students.
Our library, along with the reading room, is housed in a separate block of the college. The bookcases with
glass-fronts are placed all along the walls. Books on different subjects are systematically arranged in
separate bookcases. When you enter the library, you will find on your right the bookcases containing
books of ‘Fiction’. A little further, are books on ‘Travel and Adventure’?
The environment within the library is such as makes you spend your most of time in the company of
books. We have air conditioners in hot summer that keep it cool and soothing and we have got heaters in
extreme winter that makes it cozy. Moreover, the reading-environment is quite admirable. No one is
allowed to talk aloud. But when some duffers puts in, one hears whispering and shouting that irritates
you.
Every book is arranged and shelved according to its proper placement. One can reach the desirous book
within no time. ‘Poetry and Drama’ comes next. ‘Classics’, in simple dark dust covers fill a whole bookcase.
‘Literary Criticism’ follows Shakespeare and Goethe. On the opposite side there are a dozen bookcases full
of scientific books.
In one corner of the room there is the ‘Catalogue Cabinet’. In a room attached to the library sits the
Librarian. One half of the building serves as a reading room for the students. There, the students, when
they feel like reading something, sit on chairs placed round a long table full of newspapers, magazines and
illustrated periodicals.
I have observed that most of the students read books of fiction and ignore serious books, which, if
studied, would certainly bring them more profit. But some students also love to swallow informative
books and magazines. The reading of one magazine The Readers is quite popular among the students.
They eagerly wait for every new edition. They read to improve their English as well as to collect the
worthy information.

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Our teachers help the students in selecting good books. Their mature taste does certainly guide the
student to select really good books. This is important, if one feeds on sensational stuff. One will become,
for the rest of one’s life, a helpless addict to such stuff.
What I know for certain is that I have spent many happy hours in the library and its memory will ever
remain with me. What have I gained here? I cannot answer adequately. But one thing I have surely
learned the pleasures of reading are valuable in themselves.

9. WHY I LOVE PAKISTAN

Love with one’s country is as natural as love with one’s children. Man loves his country madly and is
ready to offer any sacrifice for it. The feelings of patriotism go to such an extent that he sacrifices his life
for the sake of his country. Love with one’s country is natural but when you have the country like
Pakistan then your love know no bounds. I pride myself on claiming that my Pakistan has all such good
virtues in it that one cannot help showering one’s love on it.
My liking for my Pakistan is due to many factors. I like my country as I can move here freely like an
independent citizen. I enjoy all the coveted benefits that one loves to have under an independent
environment. Here I can claim for my rights and justice if any evil force betrays me. I have the right to
protest against any wrong thing. In short, I enjoy individual liberty here.
I shower my love on Pakistan because it is my country and its love is in my blood. It has fed me, it has
protected me and it has given me everything it has. This fare land has become flesh of my flesh and bone
of my bone. It is the land of my forefathers. They have sacrificed a lot for its freedom. Every inch of this
soil is rich with their sweat and blood. Their bones are buried here. They have become a part of this land.
This country is the embodiment of all that I love and cherish. It is not just a piece of land to me. It is a
concrete symbol of the tradition, the aspiration and the hopes of my nation. It is our past, or present and
our future. It is all because of my lovely country that I am equipped with the best knowledge and I am
serving here as an Associate Professor. I always inculcate among the students that love with your country
is actually love with yourself.
My country has four provinces. The culture and traditions of the four provinces are quite different from
one another. Eastern part of my country consists of plain area whereas the northern part consists of hilly
areas. The vast deserts also cover the some part of my country. We have also different weathers in almost
all the provinces. We have sweltering heat in summer, blustering wind and dark clouds in the rainy
season, extreme cold in winter.
In political sense Pakistan is a new state. But in reality it is thousands of years old. It is the land of Indus
Valley Civilization. It is the land where Muhammad Bin Qasim brought the light of Islam. My people have
lived here for centuries. They have prospered here. They have thrived here as brave and honest people.
Unfortunately, a foreign nation conquered this fair land. For a long time they kept it and its son in
bondage. But my people had all along been fighting to free their motherland.
Not only the people of this region, but all the Muslims of India also have offered great sacrifices for the
creation of this homeland. It is the county of all the Muslims of the sub-continent. Every handful of its dust
is coloured with the blood of our ancestors. We have paid a great price for it. And we are prepared to pay
even greater price for its freedom. Pakistan is our country, our homeland. For me it is the fairest of all the
lands. I love it with my heart and soul.
1) My Homeland
10. QUAID-E-AZAM
To me, a true leader is one who lives for the welfare of others without taking into consideration his
personal interests. His every move is for the good of humanity. He strives hard to let the oppressed free
from the brutal snare of the cruel and callous people. I take pride to say that my country, Pakistan, has
such a shining star among the galaxy of it legends. (Our National Leader)

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Determination, wisdom, resoluteness, iron-will power, discipline, selflessness and punctuality were the
prominent features of this great man. He spent his whole life in an organized manner. His every move was
calculating and he was a true disciplinarian in the true sense. His personality was the embodiment of the
above-mentioned virtues. Quaid-e-Azam always stressed upon three things:
“Unity, Faith, and Discipline”.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah is one of the great men who shaped the course of history. With his selfless and
untiring efforts, he was able to get a homeland for the Muslims in the sub-continent of India. The might of
the British and the cleverness of the Hindus could not discourage him. He worked ceaselessly for the
cause of the Muslims and succeeded.
He was born in Karachi on the 25th of December 1876, in a rich merchant family. At the age of sixteen, on
passing the matriculation examination, he was sent to England for studying Law. He returned after four
years as a barrister and started his practice at Karachi. Later, he shifted to Bombay and soon became one
of the leading lawyers.
In those days Indian national congress was striving for the self-Government of India. Like a true patriot,
Mr. Muhammad Ali Jinnah became its member and worked for the freedom of his country. In 1909, he
was elected to the newly created Indian legislative council where he distinguished himself as a skilful
parliamentarian. In the meantime, the All-India Muslim league had been formed in 1906 to safeguard the
rights of the Muslims. He also joined the Muslim League.
He worked passionately for close collaboration between the Congress and the Muslim League. It was
mainly due to his efforts that in 1916, both the parties signed the Luckhnow pact. This pact recognized
the Muslims claim for separate electorate, and allowed them a fixed proportion of seats in the Legislature.
But extremists were capturing power in the congress and it was becoming more and more a Hindu
organization. Mr. Muhammad Ali Jinnah realized this, and he resigned from the congress when, in 1919, it
refused to accept the British Government reforms giving limited self-Government of India.
Now he devoted himself fully to the affairs of the Muslim League. He summed up the demands of the
Muslims in his famous fourteen points presented by him at the Round Table Conference in London. The
award given by the British prime Minister was favorable to the Muslims and was accepted by the Muslim
League, but rejected by the congress.
By 1940, Mr. Jinnah who had become the Quaid-e-Azam of the Muslims of India was convicted that the
Indian Muslims could not hope for justice under the Hindu majority. Therefore, in March 1940, the
Muslim League, under his presidency, passed a resolution, which demanded the division of India. It
demanded an independent Muslim state comprising Muslim majority provinces in India.
The British leaders offered Mr. Jinnah many temptations but the great leader set aside them. He fought for
the cause of the Muslims. His untiring efforts, at last, bore fruit and Pakistan emerged on the map of the
world on 14th of August. Mr. Jinnah truly deserves the title of Quaid-e-Azam. His continuous selfless
struggle told upon his health. He kept on working day and night in spite of the warnings of his doctors.
The Quaid-e-Azam became the first Governor-General of Pakistan on the 14th of August 1947. His dream
had been realized but it was not the end of the struggle. He worked for the progress and prosperity of this
young nation. He breathed his last on the 11th of September 1948. The Quaid-e-Azam will always live in
the hearts of the Pakistani Muslims as the ‘Father of the Nation’. He was a great leader in the true sense.
1) The Founder of Pakistan
2) My Favourite Leader
11. POPULATION EXPLOSION

Population of a country is one of the sources of its strength. It supplies men for its armed forces, industry,
agriculture, administration and other social economic and political activities. If a country gives proper
education and training to its millions of peo

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ple, they can earn and produce not only for themselves but also for the world at large. The increased
production and export of goods can thus make this country rich and strong. But the size of the population
should be well within the means of the country to support it.
Population control is one of the critical issues of our time. Much can be said in pros and cons of it. In
underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, some narrow-minded, fanatics consider birth control a sin . The
fact is that population explosion is not merely an economicp problem; it is also a big social problem.
Parents who have too many children cannot pay attention to the mental and physical upbringing of their
children. They fall a victim to different evils. The need of the time is that we should take an impartial view
of the situation and tackles this problem rationally and not emotionally.
The population of Pakistan is growing at a rate of 1.9 percent a year. This rapid increase in our population
is the main cause of all our social, political and economic problems. There are many causes of this
deplorable situation such as poverty and the lack of means of entertainment.
The main cause of population explosion in our country is illiteracy. Lack of education especially health
education and conventional ideas are another cause of overpopulation. The literacy rate in Pakistan for
both the sexes is 54.1 per cent. The illiterate people having strange notions do not realize the importance
of the small family and tend to have babies without taking their means into consideration
The genesis of the situation reflects some other reasons. A major is the tradition of having joint family
system. This system puts less burden of bringing up of children on the parents. As the parents have
minimum expenditures so they tend to produce more children.
Over-population is also responsible for the problem of widespread unemployment and constantly rising
prices in Pakistan. The government is finding it difficult to provide the facilities of schools, hospitals,
roads, houses etc. to the ever-increasing number of people. If this state of affairs continues, it will result in
general unrest and political revolution.
The increase in population means an increase in the crime rate. When the people do not get the jobs,
when they do not get the proper facilities, they get frustrated and become revengeful against the society.
Due to this factor the crime rate increases. The rise in crimes makes an atmosphere of fear. The people
are oscillating between uncertainty and fear.
To sum up, the dragon of population has become a serious threat for the prosperity of our country. Now
the time has come that if we want to make Pakistan a State where integrity, solidarity and prosperity will
be all around, then we should not leave any stone unturned in reducing the population growth rate.
1) Overpopulation
2) Population Problem

12. MY AIM IN LIFE

What is the aim or object of life? Why are we born? Is the purpose of our life to become a doctor or an
engineer, or a teacher, or a lawyer or a civil or military officer? Why do we adopt these professions? Do
we adopt these professions to earn heaps of money? The answer to the last question determines our
attitude towards life.
The purpose of man’s creation is not so insignificant as to hanker after a few bits of brown and blue
papers. The purpose of our creation is to worship God. To worship God does not merely mean to believe
in some dogmas and perform certain rituals and rites. God enjoins on us to fulfill Haqooq-ul-Abad. These
two combined together form the real purpose of our life. God does not need our prayers. Nor does He
wants us to flatter Him. What pleases Him most is our good relations with our fellow men. In the Holly
Quran, God declares a mighty reward for him “You show sympathy to all the creatures; I will shower
my sympathy on you.” Truth, purity, unselfishness, humility, patience, perseverance, thankfulness, self-
control, chastity, courage and forgiveness are the morals that bring a man close not only to others but also
to his Creator.

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The aim of my life is to acquire these morals so that I may serve humanity to seek God’s pleasure. No
doubt, a doctor or an engineer or a teacher or a person belonging to any profession can do so. But the
dazzling light of the worldly comforts makes him forget his real motive and intention. He is led astray and
is lost in the worldly temptations such as pursuits of self, power and position. I want to be a “true
Muslim” who brings comfort to everyone.
I want to become a lecturer as I can have the better opportunity to voice my ideas among a receptive
audience. I believe that a teacher is in the best position to inculcate his ideas. I want to discuss those
things that are normally ignored by most of the mullahs and the reformers.
I want to develop my personality in such a way so that everyone cannot help loving me, and this I can do if
I just act upon the moral values taught by Islam. I want to be a teacher because if you want to inculcate
your ideas in others, you must have such an audience that is keen to listen to you and respectful to you
and teaching is the only profession where you have the ideal condition to do so. I have got many things to
put into the minds of the new generation.
I want to first make myself an ideal character so that I may have a receptive audience and then I have lot
of things to share with my audience. I just want that people do not indulge themselves in materialism.
Money is the root cause of many evils. Every second person is blind in his craze for money. Man is even
ready to do anything below his dignity for the sake of money.
I love my God; I fear Him too. He has bestowed upon me His unlimited blessings. My parents who brought
me up and made me capable of bringing up my children; my brother; sister and friends who share my
pains and pleasures; the cool breeze that kisses me with the dawn of every new day; the shining sun that
fills me with the warmth of life; the beautiful flowers, tall trees, running brooks and mighty mountains
that lease color, odour and strength to my life and the moon whose soft, cool and bright light asks me to
be soft, cool and bright – all are God’s blessings. I want other human beings to share these blessings with
me. I want to sharethe grief of the people. I want to heal the unhealthy mind; I want to be a social worker.
I am hopeful that God will help me and put me in the ideal position so that I may change my dreams into
reality. Though my task is quite difficult; many temptations are there to distract me but I pray to God that
He may help me.

13. CORRUPTION
Corruption in its various forms such as bribery, nepotism and extortion has penetrated deep into the
vitals of our social system and destroyed the moral fiber of our society. It has almost become an integral
part of our administration, social and political culture. Not only low paid Govt. and private employees but
also our political leaders and senior civil and military officials have fallen prey to the evil of corruption.
Thus it is gnawing away at the vitals of our society. The rising level of corruption has given way to
cynicism; depression and a sense of insecurity people have now started thinking that there is no end to
corruption and that to feed the corrupt one has to be corrupt oneself.
There are many reasons for the prevalence of corruption in society. Firstly, everyone wants to become
rich by every means in capitalistic county. The glitter of western civilization has urged every person to
adopt some standard of life. There is hardly any person in our society who does not want to have the
modern facilities of life. He wants to live in a rich bungalow and ride a beautiful car. In order to lead a life
glitter and glow, he tries to raise money by fair or foul means. It is only by corruption and acceptance of
bribes that a rapid change takes place in the financial condition of person.
Secondly, the low paid Govt.employes mostly accept bribe. A government official cannot live in two or
three thousand rupees. In order to fulfil their needs, they are tempted to accept bribes. Low salaries
compel most govt. servants into corruption. No doubt, salaries of these people should be increased. But
this measure alone will not be enough for tackling the issue of corruption.
Corruption is very poisonous to society. It spreads discontentment in society. The young educated people
do not get jobs after the completion of their education. Merit is discarded and more attention is given to
bribery. In a society, governed by corrupt officials, the stability of the country is at stake. A highly

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powered society officers can sell the confidential secrets, regarding the security of the country, to the
enemy, after accepting bribe. The whole system of moral, ethical and religious values is impaired at the
hands of corrupt officers. In a country ruled by corrupt officers, the distinction between right and wrong
is finished. The country offers the picture of disorder and anarchy.

Therefore, to address these issues in a meaningful and effective manner the following measures can be
taken.
1. Salaries of the Govt. servants working at the lowest level should be increased.
2. All civil and military officers, politicians and other responsible persons should be asked to file a
declaration of their assets before join any public office. A scrutiny of their wealth, after they have
relinquished that office should also be made
3. A powerful anti-corruption commission comprising known men to integrity should be constituted.
It should be empowered to take action against any person found guilty of corruption.
Hence, if we want to eradicate this social evil, we all will have to join hands together. The temptation for
luxuries is the root-cause of this problem. So, we will have to propagate the sense of contentment among
the people.

14. UNEMPLOYMENT
A person who does not have a work to earn his livelihood is called an unemployed person. Unemployment
is a universal problem. Everybody faces it. Even the developed countries like Britain and America face it.
Unemployment exists at two levels in our country. There are uneducated people who have no source of
income in this country. Unemployment also exists among the educated people. This is very dangerous in
its results.
Thousands of persons holding masters degrees are out of job. There are numberless doctors, engineers
and scientists who have degrees in their hands but they are unemployed. Even people with foreign
qualification wander aimlessly in search of jobs. There are many thousands of unemployed labourers,
farm workers in villages and workers in cities who are daily bread winners. Sometimes they do not get
work for days and weeks together.
There are a number of causes of unemployment in Pakistan.
1. The most important of these causes is a non-stop increasing population.
2. Deteriorating law and order situation has slowed down the tempo of economic activity. Karachi is
the biggest industrial base of our country. But investors are reluctant to invest there because of
continuous unrest and violence.
3. Our education system is also responsible for the high unemployment rate among the educated
youth.
4. The attitude of our youth towards the choice of a carrier is also unrealistic and unproductive.
They want to get only some white-collar job. In many developed countries people take pride in
working as a butcher, tailor, hairdresser or a mechanic. But our educated youth considers these
jobs reserved only for the illiterate or those who belong to the lower class of the society.
5. Rapid mechanization and computer technology are also causing unemployment. Unnecessary and
frequent strikes in factories have compelled the owners to go for automation and such technology
as required less manpower.
6. Lack of infrastructure facilities, especially in the field of energy, telecommunication and
transportation also prevent the industrialist from setting up new industries.
7. Large-scale smuggling, which has flooded the market with cheaper goods, poses a serious threat
to the development of local industry.

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 8. Tight control of bureaucracy on the economy, in adequate credit facilities and complex tax system
are also some important factors that are creating hurdles in the way of private sector investment
in industrial projects.
9. The flight of the rural unemployed youth to the urban areas is further increasing the problem.
Unemployment in rural area is due to population pressure, sub division of holdings loss of
productive land as a result of water logging salinity.
Large-scale unemployment has very bad effects upon the progress of the country. Unemployed people do
not take part in the development of the country. Moreover, the unemployed people in any society suffer
from inferiority complex. They suffer from an agony that they are worthless and good for nothing.
Unemployment brings frustration and disappointment among the educated as well as the uneducated
people.
The effect of this large-scale unemployment is that it is creating many social, political and psychological
problems. The frustrated youth of the country is falling a prey to drug addiction, violence, theft, and many
other social evils. Smugglers, drug-traffickers and terrorists are engraining them in heinous activities.
In order to compete unemployment we must speed up the pace of industrial development. This can be
done by improving the law and order situation, protecting the local industries reshaping the education
system to produce more specialized and qualified and technically manpower, introducing self-
employment schemes, establishing the small scale industries in rural and underdeveloped areas and by
changing the outlook of the youth so that they do not hesitate to accept even a blue-collar job.

15. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Pollution is the most horrible menace that the man of the modern era is facing. It is disastrous for all the
living creatures. But people are not aware of its causes, dangerous effects and remedies. Environmental
pollution is nearing hazardous limits. In big cities, for example, more than 60% of the entire garbage
including plastic bags and tyres is burnt openly. This produces extremely toxic gases that cause a number
of mental and physical diseases.
Various factors are responsible for polluting the earth’s atmosphere. Air is the most essential of all human
needs and it is this too that is most polluted today. Different types of industries are releasing deadly
gases. Untuned automobiles are omitting carbon monoxide. Smoke of the cigarettes is also affecting
human health. Air pollution is causing respiratory problems among the general public.
Water is the second most important commodity to sustain life. But this too is not available in pure form.
There are several reasons for this. Untreated industrial wastes discharge is polluting our underground
water, impure water leads to an increase in gastrointestinal disease. Another factor is of waste from daily
consumption which we throw carelessly on streets and roads. This household garbage breeds mice,
mosquitoes, flies and many other disease spreading pests.
Pollution is really affecting adversely our environment. We are deprived of pure and vegetables and fruit.
The crops, irrigated with the poisonous water, are enough to make our body a storehouse of different
diseases. The following material brings to light some of the dangerous effect of the pollution.
Noise pollution is also threatening our mental health. The sound of horns, silencers vehicles and loud
music are contributing towards noise pollution. Reports indicate that more than 70% urban population
suffers from nervous tension, irritation, deafness and heart diseases.
If we want to live in a healthy and peaceful atmosphere we will have to take some remedial measures to
control pollution. Some of these measures to control pollution are:
(1) The Government should formulate such laws as to prevent people from polluting the
environment.

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 (2) Print and electronic media should make the people understand the causes, effects and
remedies of pollution.
(3) Anti-pollution devices should be installed in all factories and industries.
(4) No automobiles should be allowed on the road without their proper engine check.
(5) Open burning of garbage should be strictly prohibited.
The major remedial measures for fighting against all sorts of pollution is to grow forests on larger
scale

16. SCIENCE- A BLESSING OR A CURSE

We live in age of science. Science has entered in every field of our life. It has added many comforts to our
life. The impossibilities of the past have been made possible. New miracles are happening every day. It
has given man a new sense of confidence and power. Man has conquered the forces of nature. He is not
afraid of the wild animals tempests and floods. It has helped man to explore the hidden treasures in the
earth. Man has now learnt to land on moon. He is in search of new worlds. A great writer Emerson says,
Science surpasses the old miracles of mythology.
Science has brought a revolution in the matters of transportation and communication. It has shortened
the distances. In the past, traveling was a difficult and dangerous matter. It took weeks and months to
reach from one place to another. People bade farewell to their relatives and friends with a heavy heart,
while they set out on a journey. Now the days have gone. We can now travel from one part of the world to
the other in a few hours. There are rocket; planes that travel at the speed of seven or eight hundred miles
per hour. They travel faster than sound.
Mobile phones, wireless, radio, television and computer are wonderful inventions of science. They
connect us with the world within a twinkling of an eye. The radio and T.V are the most powerful means of
information and education for us. They make a record of everything which happens in the world. T.V with
its plays, entertaining features and educational programmes enlightens and delights our minds. Its
influence on men, women and children stands undefeated. The telephone and computer have linked one
part of the world to the other. Messages are flashed. Direct conversation can be carried on. Wireless has
brought the countries close together. The world has shrunk in size.
Electricity is perhaps the most wonderful invention of science. It is used as a source of light, heat and
power. With the help of power, we can now change the course of rivers, demolish the mountains and
cultivate our barren lands. Without it, the whole progress of industry would come to a standstill. Had it
not been invented, the entire world would have plunged into darkness. It moves trains and tramways. It
heats our rooms in winter and cools them in summer. It cools our food and irons our clothes.
It has also done wonders in the world of medicine. Treatment by X-ray and radium in one of the greatest
wonders of science. Difficult surgical operations have become a routine matter. Vaccination has made
smallpox a thing of the past. Many other diseases like cholera plague and T.B. have been fully controlled.
Quinine has finished malaria. It has also made our social life easy and comfortable. It has given us many
ways of recreation. The cinema, radio and television have made us cheerful and comfortable.
Science has made us open minded and rational. We analyze everything before we believe it. We do not
have faith in ghosts and spirits. Nowadays science has made us practical minded.
But this is only one side of the picture. If in certain respects it has proved a blessing it has also acted as a
curse in certain fields. It has produced highly destructive weapons like atom bombs and hydrogen bombs
which can destroy the world in no time.
Science has produced many deadlier weapons and made wars very horrible. If a Third World War takes
place in the near future, it might destroy all life on the earth as it will be a nuclear war. Man was never so
insecure as he is today.

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But the fault does not lie with science. It is upto the man to decide whether he wants to use it for peaceful
purposes or for destructive purposes. Science is such a knowledge which can be turned both into a
blessing and curse. But man should always use science for the promotion of peace and happiness of the
people.

17. A THRILLING MATCH

Cricket is a very familiar game especially in Asian countries. There is no one who has not heard about this
game because a cricket match is always interesting whether it is played at intentional level or national
level. Everybody is very interested in this game. Modern media has made this game more popular. At
college level it is also liked and played.
Craze and excitement for cricket know no bounds when the match is between two old rivals: Pakistan and
India. A very interesting and very exciting cricket match was played the other day between Pakistan and
India on Chanai Stadium, India. The home team won the toss, and went in to bat. It was day and night
match. Darrel Hair and Steve Bucknor were the umpires. It was Sunday and I sat in front of the T.V screen.
Being a Pakistani I was in favour of my team.
Ganguly and Dhoni started the game. Ganguly played the first ball from Shoaib Akhtar. After 2 hostile
maiden overs by Shoaib Akhtar, Ganguly was caught in the slips. Tendulkar now joined Dhoni, and the
prospects brightened. Both players played a steady game, and the runs came in fast but confidently. Dhoni
had two chances, but Sachin played a faultless game. The position of India was quite strong as they were
90/1 in 15 overs.
Then Abdul Razzaq gave the breakthrough to his team when he bowled out Dhoni but Sachin was still
there like a Damocles’ sword on the head of Pakistani team. Second wicket was down at 122. Bowlers had
to be changed twice before the second wicket was captured. The next two players did not contribute
much. After some brisk play on the part of the fifth and the sixth wickets, the scoreboard showed 201
runs for 4.
The last ten overs were full of thrill and action. The Indian team was fully determined to put a heavy
target on the scoreboard. Shoaib Akhtar hit a flashy bouncer to Irfan Pathan in his last spell. The Indian
tail enders could not face the dangerous bowling of Akhtar and the wickets fell in quick succession. The
whole side was dismissed for 284. Shoaib Akhtar bowled beautifully with 6 wickets for just 26 runs in his
ten overs. It was now lunch time.
After the lunch the play was resumed at 2 p.m. Afridi and Shoaib Malik were the openers. The bowling of
the home team was a little weak from the very start, and Afridi made full use of it and the ball was flying
out of rope every now and then. Pakistan was 90/2 at the end of 15 overs. Then came the partnership of
Muhammad Yousaf and Younis Khan. They gave a consistent performance and made a useful partnership
of 80 runs.
After 35 overs the situation was quite dramatic and Pakistan was almost on the verge of defeat as the
wickets fell in no time and they were 195 for 6. Inzamam and Kamran Akmal were there on the crease.
They both added 60 runs together when Akmal was bowled out. Now came Rana Naveed but he could not
stay with Inzamam. The whole responsibility was on the shoulders of Inzamam and Shoaib Akhtar.
At one moment they required 25 runs in 15 balls. The game became very lively now. The Indian crowd
was shouting on the expected victory. The ball was not coming on the bat of Inzamam. The situation was
still out of control and the target was 18 runs in 9 bowls. But the great Inzamam again turned out to be a
true hero when he hit four consecutive boundaries. Agarker threw the last over and now there was pin-
drop silence in the stadium. Inzamam could not score in the first three balls but then, on the fourth ball,
he left the crease and smashed a long straight six and Pakistan emerged victorious.
The match was so thrilling and exciting that I was stuck to the T.V. screen all the time. I had nothing in my
mind except the desirous result of the match.

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 18. COMPUTERS TODAY
Today, there is age of machine and the age of science and it has changed everything under the sun. It has
brought a revolution everywhere. Even we can call it the age of inventions. Besides other wonderful
inventions, computers are the latest and biggest inventions of the modern times.
A computer is an electronic device that solves problems by processing data according to instructions. The
word computer has been derived from the Latin word “computer” which means to reckon up. The first
computer was designed by a French scientist Pascal in 1642. The first automatic electronic digital
computer was prepared in America in 1946. The electric device for storing and analyzing information fed
into it. It makes calculations and controls machinery automatically.
Thus, a computer is a data processing device which acts upon data coming to; it in all shapes and sizes. It
deals with the science of information processing, invoicing, recoding, manipulating and retrieving
information. Computers are electronic devices, all information stored as patterns of electrical pulses. A
computer has to be programmed as per the requirement either to guide a missile or to write poetry.
A computer was made for computing mathematical function. Today they are used to forecast the weather,
to operate machines, to cut steel to size and even to guide a spacecraft to the moon. Computers help to
trace criminals, are used in the airlines—the whole world of airlines functions efficiently with it. Hotels
make use of them from managerial capacities to kitchen and companies use them for accounting,
invoicing etc.
A computer is of immense help in the construction of the big plazas, buildings, bridges and roads. It gives
us designs of various building structure, which are shock proof and sound proof. This computer accuracy
has reduced the time for building something. Now we can construct buildings of perfect designs which
cannot be completed by hundreds of engineers and scientists.
The banking system too has been revolutionized by the computers. The clients do not have to wait for a
long time to know their balance, profit and loss. It supplies to its clients the most accurate accounts.
A computer is of immense help in every walk of life. It can help us in business, industry, construction,
banking, medicine and teaching. In business and industry, the computer can let us know about the latest
trends of business. It prepares lists of goods purchased and sold. It can show to us the figures of profit and
loss of a mill or factory in a moment. It can inform us about the production, needs of a factory within a
flash of time.
In the years to come, energy efficient technologies will be at a premium; the microprocessor as the central
leader will lead the industry. It could easily be concluded that in the long run, computerization on a large
scale would become essentially a matter of survival.
At present, it is essential to bring an awareness of computers among the common people. So that they
could use it in a better way and take full advantage of this wonderful invention. It has created many job
opportunities. It has made the future of the youth very bright.
1. The Value of Computers
2. Computers
19. USES AMD ABUSES OF MOBILE PHONE

Cell phone is a telephone system that functions without any wire. Cell phone is a great invention of
modern science. It has added a new dimension to our life and communication system.
The cellular phones are easily portable from place to place. Through cellular phone we can send messages
(normal, photo and voice messages), send e-mails to distant places, play games, know time, listen to songs
and watch movies, do calculation jobs, get news of different channels. We can also use the internet
through cellular phones having GPRS modem. The popularity of cell phones is increasing very rapidly.
Many companies are now providing telephony services to the people at an affordable rate. The tendency
is increasing fast. Now, anybody can purchase a cell set at a negligible price. The world has become a
global village with the touch of modern technology. We can communicate with the people of any country

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within a few seconds with this wonderful invention of modern science. The users of cell phones are
increasing day by day. People are getting manifold benefits.

In spite of all these advantages, the cell phones have some draw baths. The young generation is greatly
affected by the evil influences of cell phones. They are using it as a fashion. They are now indulged in
listening to songs, watching pornographic movies and sending vulgar messages. Sometimes, they talk for
hours together which are very damaging to their health. The cell phone sometimes becomes the cause of
health hazard, especially, the children are affected much. Scientists believe that cell phones cause brain
tumors, genetic damage, and many other incurable diseases. They believe that invisible uncontrolled
radioactivity of the cell phone causes irreparable damage to human body. They say that the government
should control radioactive sources (both ionized and non-ionized). It is true that millions of people are
getting benefits from modern cellular telephone but most are blissfully unaware of the danger of it.
Doctors say if a user continues his/her conversation more than two minutes, the blood brain barrier gets
damaged. The blood pressure gets high and red blood cells are damaged if a person gets continued
exposure to radiation caused by cellular telephone. Using cellular telephone is also harmful to the
pregnant women. So, Bangladesh government should have an official ban on using cell phone by children
and pregnant women. Besides, terrorist outfits are using cell phones for spreading out terrorism
throughout the world. They have even their own networking system.
We can say that though the cell phones have some demerits, its necessity in exchanging dialogues,
sending messages cannot be denied in the truest sense of the term in our day-to-day life.

20.USES AND ABUSES OF INTERNET

An international computer network connecting other networks and computers from companies,
universities and other institutions in order to quick exchange of information is called "Internet". We are
living in the age of computers. Computers are being used everywhere in every field. The development of
computer programming and computer technology has given us the cheap and quick method of
exchanging the information and communication, this method is called as Internet.

Internet has its own merits and demerits. The uses and abuses of internet depends upon the user. Some
important merits or uses of Internet are being described as following.

It gives information about every field of life.

You may get information according to your need through internet.
You may take advantages from encyclopedias, Wikipedia and dictionaries with the help of internet.
It gives a co-ordination with whole world and its interests.
It helps to exchanges views with the persons of some mental attitudes.
Internet brings the world closer.
Current affairs and incidents can be discovered by the use of internet.
Every kind of related with politics fashion, science etc, can be discovered by the use of internet.

Internet has so many advantages, if it is used positively without caring any false means and attractive
charms of internet. Internet is producing false trend specially among the students which easily become a
victim of its colorful and charming aspects. Some disadvantages of internet may be described as
following.

The students waste their precious hours on sitting on internet without taking any positive and
constructive benefits.Most of the people are using internet to satisfy their sexual desires and such
pernicious material is easily available through internet which destroys the moral values of young boys
and girls.

Computer hiking is very common by the use of internet. Some extreme minded people can digest the
money through the use of credit card and others. The student waste their time in useless talking with
each others.

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Several hours ion internet without any purpose produce wrong effects on a person's health.

The Govt. is trying to take such steps in which the only positive use of internet could make possible,
however it is totally depends upon the trends and the education of the people, if they are aware of their
profit and loss they will use internet with their justification.

21.Terrorism

Until recently, terrorism has been a relatively unknown term in the world. After the Second World War,
and the subsequent Cold War, the world had nestled itself neatly in the arms of everlasting peace, and
security measures all around were relaxed significantly. People expected the bitter years of war and
struggle to simply fade away, and herald a time of peace for the world. And after the fall of the Soviet
Empire, it was all but confirmed that there will be a lasting peace in the world.

Terrorism can trace its beginnings in the volatile region of Afghanistan where wrapped in starched black
turbans, hiding in obscure caves, the Taliban began their furtive mission to destroy world peace. After
what seemed like years of dormancy as far as wars and fights were concerned, terror erupted in the form
of the attack on the Twin Towers of the World Trade Centre in New York – the largest foreign attack on
the United States soil in history. Leaving the United States shocked and distressed, the terrorists
announced even more atrocities against the civilians of the world. The world watched in shocked rapture
as the United States warmed up it machinery, and began what is called the largest and costliest assault
against the threat of terrorism.

This act has also affected neighboring Pakistan. With Afghanistan under attack, people fled to the North West
Frontier Province of Pakistan through the heavily porous border betweenAfghanistan and Pakistan. With
million of refugees in Pakistan, the country became riddled with camps and unrest. Seeing Pakistan as an ally
to the United States, the terrorists began bombing the urban centers of Pakistan – all of which has resulted in
people of Pakistan cowering in their homes. The economy and vitality of Pakistan as a nation has been severely
compensated due to the war on terror, and starvation isn’t unheard of. The economic growth Pakistan had
been enjoying came to a standstill, and people even began to fear getting out of their homes. Thus, terrorism
has adversely affected Pakistan is a lot of ways.

Terrorism is a malignant threat to world peace, and must be combated with a combination of brute force, and
a sensible sense of compassion. If both are employed, it is very likely that terrorism can be defeated, and the
terrorists can either be eradicated, or won over to the good side. Although the terrorists have been
responsible for some of the worst crimes against humanity, if we want to somehow finish it off, we will need
to take in the broad picture.

22.Pakistani Festivals
Sibi Mela
The Sibi Mela to promote an annual gathering of tribes to exchange views and develop camel , horse and
cattle breeding in the area besides promoting handicrafts. The festival lasts for almost a week in mid-

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February and marks the beginning of spring, with tournaments, exhibitions, and trading . Thousands of
the best camels from the deserts, horses and cattle from villages are brought to the show and tended by
colourful tribal people. The fair attracts Balouch tribal elders besides important figures from all over
Pakistan, as well as tribesmen from the surrounding areas, and is an excellent place to shop for local
Baluchi handicrafts.
Sindh Horse & Cattle Show
Sindh Horse & Cattle Show At Jacobabad, about 85 kms from Sukkhar. Sukkhar & Jacobabad are both
connected by air with Karachi. Features traditional sports, exhibitions of handicrafts, dresses & jewelry;
horse & cattle show, camel & horse races, camel & horse dances, tent pegging, bull racing, concerts and
colorful stalls in a elaborate industrial Exhibition.
Basant Festival
Basant is celebrated to bid farewell to the winter season and to announce the arrival of spring season.
Basant is celebrated in a big way in Pakistan and has become a very powerful traditional festival of
Pakistan. It's a kite-flying festival which famous across Pakistan especially in the Punjab province. In
Lahore Basant is celebrated in the month of February usually around 20th of February. Lahorians prepare
for the big event with a lot of enthusiasm and zeal. They start the preparation for the festival very early.
Basant is celebrated on Saturday evening which is usually called as night Basant. The night Basant is
totally different thing to see. People prepare for the night Basant by putting floodlights on their roofs. If
you get a look of sky at the night Basant you find that sky is covered with white kites floating in the sky
like stars representing a spectacular scene. People especially ladies wear yellow clothes, which is a
traditional dress of Basant. In contrast to night Basant the Basant on day is a totally different experience
because unlike night now people fly colourful kites and sky is covered with vivid colours.
Pakistan Day
On 23rd March, thousands of Muslims from all over the sub-continent gathered in Lahore. They had one
dream, one vision and one mission, i.e to have a separate homeland for Muslims of the sub-continent. On
that day, under the able leadership of Jinnah and others, the struggle for Pakistan started with full force
and it ended with the creation of Pakistan.The people of Pakistan held on March 23 of each year with
great zeal and enthusiasm, to celebrate the remarkable achievement of the Muslims of South Asia which
has adopted the historic resolution Pakistan in Lahore 1940. Also Military parade at provincial capitals
and Islamabad.

Mela Chiraghan

Mela Chiraghan, the festival of lights that marks the birth of Sufi saint Hazrat Shah Hussain, began on
Friday night. Nearly half a million people from around the country are expected to attend the three-day
event.
Syed Saeedul Hassan Shah, the Punjab minister for religious affairs, inaugurated the three-day urs by
laying a floral wreath at the shrine of Hazrat Shah Hussain (also known as Madhu Lal Hussain). The
Punjab Auqaf Department organised a Mehfil-e-Samaa to discuss the legacy of the saint. The roads
approaching the tomb are dotted with stalls, some which have set up television sets showing dances
performed at stage shows to entertain pilgrims. All sort of food items are on sale: gol gappas, fruit chaats,
qatlamas, sweetmeats and even bhang-laced pappars.
During the festival, devotees light thousands of earthen lamps to honour the saint at his shrine, which is
situated near the Shalimar Gardens. Each year, the saint’s followers, especially transvestites and eunuchs,
spurred on by hashish and qawwalis, dance the night away.

EID-UL-FITR

EID-UL-FITR is celebrated on the first day of Shaw'waal, at the completion of Ramadan. Shaw'waal is the
10th month of the Islamic calendar. The Eid-al-Fitr is a very joyous day; it is a true Thanksgiving Day for
the believing men and women. On this day Muslims show their real joy for the health, strength and the
opportunities of life, which Allah has given to them to fulfill their obligation of fasting and other good

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deeds during the blessed month of Ramadan. 'Fitr' means to break and it signifies the breaking of the
fasting period and of all evil habits. It is a show of joy at attaining spiritual prosperity after a month of
fasting. The holy month of Ramadan which culminates into the festival of Eid-ul-Fitr unites all Muslims in
fasting, feasting, worship and prayer. It is a time for contemplation, spirituality, peace and brotherhood.
Shab-e-Barat

Shaban is the eighth month of the Islamic calendar year. This festival of Shab- E- Barat is usually
celebrated either on the 13th or 14th day of Shaban. Eventually, it happens to be just 15 days ahead of
Ramadan, the holiest period of Islamic faith. The night of Shab- E- Barat, symbolizes a night of forgiveness.
During this time, people usually pray to God in preparation of the holy Ramadan and also for forgiving all
their previous sins. According to a particular Islamic school of thought, this night the Prophet takes pain
in visiting all homes and subsequently makes an attempt to relieve the humanity of all sorts of pain and
suffering. The night of Shab- E- Barat immortalizes the entry of Prophet Mohammad to the holy city of
Mecca. The festival of Shab- E- Barat is renowned for its famous celebrations. Since, this festival is
essentially celebrated in night; the sky gets brightened as a result of dazzling fireworks. Houses and
streets are also enlightened by candles and electric bulbs. Various types of sweets and other desserts are
distributed at random in the night, and also sent to friends and relatives. Some persons are also known to
spend their time in charity works during this time.
Fatiha (the blessings), are also recited over the meals on the eve of this festival. This is done in the name
of the Prophet, his daughter Fatima, and her husband Ali. A very popular Islamic belief is that if someone
prays to Allah (the Islamic form of Almighty) all through the night of this festival, he might be forgiven for
all crimes committed on his part. Some people also visit the mosques to offer prayer and practice
meditation. Even, some Muslims are known to offer the optional Namaz during the late hours.
Eid-ul-Azha

Eid-Ul-Adha also known as 'Festival of Sacrifice' or 'Sacrifice Feast' is mainly an event to give and to
sacrifice. This festival is an occasion to remember Allah for all the prosperity granted on us. This feeling is
confirmed by sharing your affluence with less fortunate ones. Just like Ramadan and Eid ul-Fitr, Bakra Eid
too is celebrated with grand fervor and eagerness.Eid ul Azha is celebrated on 10th day of the Zil Hajj (the
12th Islamic month). This day is celebrated in the memory of the sacrifice made by the prophet Abraham
(Abraham) wherein he offered the life of his son Prophet Ismail to fulfill the decree of the Allah. On this
day, all people who can afford sacrifice a sheep or a goat in the name of Allah as was done by prophet
Abraham. Here too the poor are not forgotten. The meat of the sacrificed goat/sheep/lamb is divided into
three parts; one for distribution among the poor, second for the relatives and third for self and own
family.
National Horse and Cattle Show
One of the most famous annual festivals, the National Horse and Cattle Show is also held in Spring in the
Fortress Stadium. During the week long activities main events included unity show, army band display,
calisthenics, cavalcade of livestock, grey hound race, folk dance, tent pegging, motorcycle trick-riding by
the military police, bullock cart race, horse and camel dance, and free fall by Army paratroopers.
Girl students of Junior Model School, sang lilting national songs. The show wound up with the spectacular
free fall display by a group of Army commandos who landed with pinpoint accuracy on the target area
inside the stadium from a dizzying height of 10,000 feet
From February till March horse & cattle shows are held in different agricultural centers of Pakistan. The
famous ones being at remount stadium Sahiwal horse show , Dera Ismail Khan horse and cattle show, Sibi
mela and Lahore. Such shows are held to provide an opportunity to breeders to exhibit their stock and ex-
change views and learn about cattle and horse breeding.

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