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Dimensional Analysis & Mathematical modelling Mathematical Physics in the

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Siyathokoza Ngema
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Mathematical Physics in the field of Applied Mathematics

Dimensional analysis makes complex physical relationships easier to understand and helps build
mathematical models that describe real-world events. These methods let scientists and engineers
make predictions, find patterns, and adjust systems correctly. This is vital in both academic research
and industrial work.

The project also covers basic theorems and principles in dynamical systems, which have changed
how we understand physical laws and continue to help solve current problems. From Newton's laws
to chaos theory, these mathematical ideas influence innovation and decision-making in many fields.

BUCKINGHAMS PI THEOREM

Logistic growth curve

“Be The Change You Want To See In The world “

A dynamical system is anything that changes over time, like water moving through a
pipe, people getting sick during an outbreak, or animals interacting in an ecosystem.
This study is fascinating because it applies to so many things. If something changes over
time, we can model it. Once modeled, we can understand, control, or predict it.

Learning about dynamical systems is not just about math. It's about seeing hidden
patterns in everyday events. Even complex systems, such as population growth or the
movement of planets, follow specific rules. These rules can often be explained with
simple math. Through this understanding, we gain a deeper insight into how things
work and can better manage or predict future outcomes.

Exploring Dimensional Analysis

Before tackling big models and complex math equations, students start with something
that seems simple: dimensional analysis. This method involves examining the units of
physical quantities like seconds, meters, and kilograms to see how they relate to each
other.

A key concept in this area is the Buckingham Pi Theorem. While it might sound
daunting, this theorem helps simplify complex physical issues into easier, dimensionless
forms. This simplification makes experiments easier to set up and equations easier to
understand. Whether it's calculating the speed of a falling parachute or the flow of water
through a pipe, the Buckingham Pi Theorem is quietly working behind the scenes.
Often, this is the first time students see how math changes from just a theory in books to
something they can grasp and apply in real life, sparking their interest in the subject.
From Growth to Reality: The Logistic and Exponential Models

As you study math, you will encounter two key models: exponential growth and logistic
growth. These models explain how populations grow, how investments increase, and
how information spreads quickly among people.

Exponential growth describes how things can double or expand rapidly, especially at the
start. This model shows the initial fast stages of change, where there seems to be no
limit. However, in reality, things can't grow forever without limits. This is where the
logistic model becomes important. It talks about carrying capacity, which is the point
where growth starts to slow down and stabilize. This concept makes the model more
realistic and practical. That's why it is widely used in areas like economics, biology, and
environmental studies. These models demonstrate that math is not just about predicting
the future; it also helps us understand and influence it.

Nature’s Equation: The Predator-Prey Model

Mathematics is not only for understanding cities or managing finances; it also helps us
grasp the workings of nature. A fascinating example is the Predator-Prey Model. This
model explains how two species interact: one being the predator and the other the prey.

This model reveals something intriguing: the populations of both groups rise and fall in
cycles, creating a natural rhythm essential for survival. It introduces students to concepts
like complex systems, feedback loops, and patterns that keep repeating. These ideas are
important in other areas, too, such as climate science, brain research, and electrical
engineering. Most importantly, the model shows through math how ecosystems are
delicate and need balance to survive.

The SIR Model: How Math Can Help Save Lives

One of the most important uses of math in our time is the SIR Model. This model is vital
in epidemiology to predict how diseases spread. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many
around the world relied on this model to determine how many people might get infected,
how rapidly the infection could spread, and when the situation might start improving.

The SIR Model works by dividing people into three categories: Susceptible, Infectious,
and Recovered. It's built on simple math equations, but its impact is huge.
Governments, scientists, and health workers use this model to make critical decisions
that can save millions of lives. For students learning about the SIR Model, it’s a powerful
experience. Understanding how this math works can be both eye-opening and
empowering.

Why Study This in University?

Why should someone choose to study dynamical systems and modeling at university?

It's because this field is important and useful in many different areas. It helps us
discover new things. If you're thinking about a career in engineering, space science,
economics, data analysis, medicine, or researching climate change, applied mathematics
and modeling can provide you with essential opportunities.
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These models aren't just things you learn in class; they have real-world uses. They help
solve actual problems such as predicting the stock market, designing spacecraft,
creating clean energy solutions, or understanding people's behavior.

Additionally, these skills allow you to become a creator. You don’t just calculate
numbers; you model and understand the world to change and improve it.

A Call to Future Mathematicians

Mathematics goes beyond just formulas. It describes patterns, nature, logic, and change.
This is especially clear in mathematical modeling and dynamical systems.

For those with curious minds: if you want to see how the world works and how you can
make it better, this is the field for you. It's exciting, practical, and full of opportunities.
Whether your dream is to construct bridges, protect natural environments, invent robots,
or find cures for diseases understanding dynamics is the key, your journey starts with
mathematics.
REFERENCES
1. Boyce, W. E., & DiPrima, R. C. (2017). Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value
Problems (11th ed.). Wiley.
– A foundational text covering differential equations, including logistic, exponential, and
predator-prey models.
2. Kreyszig, E. (2011). Advanced Engineering Mathematics (10th ed.). Wiley.
– Offers comprehensive coverage of applied mathematics and dimensional analysis techniques.
3. Logan, J. D. (2015). Applied Mathematics (4th ed.). Wiley.
– Discusses modelling techniques and the Buckingham Pi Theorem in practical contexts.
4. Edelstein-Keshet, L. (2005). Mathematical Models in Biology. SIAM.
– A great resource for students exploring predator-prey dynamics and the SIR model.
5. Murray, J. D. (2002). Mathematical Biology I: An Introduction (3rd ed.). Springer.
– A classic reference that explores modelling in biology and epidemiology, including SIR models.
6. Bluman, A. G. (2005). Problem Solving with Dimensional Analysis. SIAM.
– Focuses on the importance and application of dimensional analysis in real-world problems.
7. Hethcote, H. W. (2000). The Mathematics of Infectious Diseases. SIAM Review, 42(4), 599–653.